Test device for checking the arrangement of a bore, punch nut arrangement device, method for checking the arrangement of the bore, and control device

Abstract

Test device (10) for checking whether a surface of a component (34) has a bore (38) in a predetermined nominal arrangement at a test point (36), wherein the test device (10) comprises: - a sensing element (14) which, in a rest position, protrudes at least partially from a housing (12) of the test device (10) and is movably mounted along an adjustment axis (16) along which the sensing element (14) can be adjusted into a signal trigger position depending on the application of pressure into the housing (12); - a sensor element (18) designed and arranged to detect a change of the key element (14) from the rest position to the signal trigger position (S1); and - a control device (22) which is configured to detect (S4) a deviation from the specified target arrangement of the bore (38) when the signal trigger position is detected, and to generate a test signal that describes the deviation (S5); and, when the deviation from the specified target arrangement is detected, to generate a control signal (S7) that describes an arrangement or re-arrangement of the bore (38) at the test point (36), and to transmit the generated control signal to a drilling device (32) (S7).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a testing device, for example a reading device, for checking an arrangement of a bore, for example a through-hole of a punch nut.

[0002] In the manufacturing of, for example, devices or objects consisting of several components, it is common practice to create holes to connect two or more components. Such a hole can be, for example, a blind hole, a hole, a through hole, or a through opening. In vehicle body construction, punched nuts are used to secure components such as speakers, door panels, window regulators, or handles during the door manufacturing process. The corresponding hole is then formed by the pressed-in punched nut. Devices capable of automatically fitting such punched nuts are known in the prior art.

[0003] DE 10 2007 004 118 A1 describes stamped nuts which are designed, in particular in relation to the sheet metal being processed, in such a way that the loosening torque of the pressed-in nut is as large as possible, with a head, a narrower shaft part with a polygonal diameter set back by a shoulder, wherein at least one non-circular, ring-shaped elevation is arranged in the shoulder.

[0004] From DE 10 2007 060 280 A1 a method for producing riveted connections between at least one component and a rivet inserted into the component by deforming a section of the rivet projecting beyond the component with a protrusion by orbital riveting.

[0005] DE 199 24 245 C1 describes a measuring device containing a measuring tube in which a measuring probe coupled to a dial gauge is axially movable.

[0006] From US patent 2004 / 0181937 A1, a self-diagnostic punch nut installation device is known, comprising an installation head attached to an upper die element of a die press, the installation head having a reciprocating piston that drives a punch nut against a plate, punches a slug from the plate when the press closes, and a telescopically mounted rod in the piston that is elastically pre-tensioned through the nut bore when a slug is punched out of the plate or against the plate when it is not punched through, and a sensor that detects the axial movement of the rod and stops the press when the rod engages the plate.

[0007] A disadvantage is that during the insertion or pressing of the punch nut, a remnant of the component often remains attached to the punch nut, which should have been removed as waste if the punch nut had been inserted correctly. In other words, if the punch nut is inserted incorrectly, for example, the hole may not be in the intended location, or the hole may be incomplete and, for example, too small. If the hole is a blind hole with a predetermined depth, an incorrect insertion may result in the blind hole not being deep enough.

[0008] An insufficiently deep blind hole, a missing drill hole, or waste material—that is, incorrectly punched-out material from the component protruding into the hole—can prevent components such as speakers, door panels, window regulators, or handles from being screwed in and thus not held securely. A machine, such as a robot on an assembly line preparing the component for final assembly, continues to operate without noticing this problem. The issue, such as the incorrect placement of a punched nut, is only discovered later during final assembly, for example, when attempting to position the door panel or speaker. This means that the door will later have to be disassembled again, often at a different company.

[0009] One of the problems underlying the invention is to simplify the correction of defective components.

[0010] The stated problem is solved by the devices and method according to the invention as defined in the dependent claims. Advantageous embodiments are described in the sub-claims.

[0011] The invention is based on the idea of ​​providing a testing device that reports if the drilling process, for example, the pressing in of the punch nut, has been incorrect. The testing device is therefore not designed and configured to drill the hole itself, but rather to check a test point for the correct drilling. The test point is the location or area in the component, for example, a circuit board, particularly a body panel, where the hole is provided with a predetermined target configuration. The target configuration preferably specifies the location where the hole should be positioned, for example, by indicating coordinates on a circuit board, and / or a target size and / or a target depth of the hole.The test device according to the invention comprises a movable probe element which projects from a housing of the test device and is mounted in such a way that a defective bore presses the probe element into the housing, where a sensor element detects the change in position of the probe element.

[0012] The inspection device can be used during or immediately after the drilling process. Faulty drilling patterns, such as a hole that is too small, missing, or incomplete, are thus detected not only during final assembly, but also during or immediately after drilling. This also allows the process to be repeated immediately if a faulty hole is found. If a drilling jig—that is, a device for drilling a hole, blind hole, through hole, or through opening—includes the inspection device, the component can be immediately returned to the drilling process or reworked on the same workbench. Furthermore, it enables, for example, a specialist to be informed immediately about the faulty hole.Because the faulty arrangement is not discovered only during final assembly, complicated and costly repair processes are reduced or even completely avoided. The manufacturing process is therefore accelerated overall.

[0013] In other words, the invention improves the quality of the bore and thus the quality of the component. Furthermore, the proportion of components manufactured correctly for final assembly is significantly increased.

[0014] In contrast to the prior art, the invention verifies a quality of the machined component that cannot be assessed using prior art measurement data. The invention further traces a signal indicating a faulty bore configuration. The testing device according to the invention is significantly more cost-effective and suitable for intermediate and / or final inspection during the machining process. The information regarding whether the bore is correct or not can then be processed, for example, by a computer program (such as a PLC program) and forwarded to a robot program. The invention exhibits very high accuracy of up to 100 percent or nearly 100%.

[0015] The testing device according to the invention for checking whether a component surface has a bore with a predetermined design configuration at a test point can, for example, be designed as a reading device, a handheld device, or as part of a robot or robotic system. The bore can be, for example, a blind hole, a hole, a through hole, or a through opening; preferably a through opening formed by a punched nut. The design configuration can, for example, describe the presence of the bore at the test point itself, and / or a desired shape and / or a desired dimension of the bore, for example, a length and / or a diameter of the bore.

[0016] The test device has a sensing element that, in a rest position, protrudes at least partially from a housing of the test device and is movably mounted along an adjustment axis, along which the sensing element can be adjusted to a signal trigger position depending on the application of pressure into the housing.

[0017] If the test device is a handheld device, the housing can enclose it. If the test device is, for example, part of a robot, the housing can be, for example, a portion of a side wall or the robot's housing. Alternatively, the housing can be described as a support element on which the probe element is movably mounted, while other components of the test device are either attached to the support element or mounted immovably.

[0018] In other words, the key element is movably mounted along the adjustment axis, so that when pressure is applied from the outside, for example by faulty, unpunched material of the component, it is pressed into the housing along the adjustment axis.

[0019] Ideally, the probe element can be held in its rest position so that it does not slip into the housing without pressure being applied. The probe element can, for example, be mounted in the test fixture using a clamping device.

[0020] The rest position is the position in which the stylus is not pressed into the housing from the outside. If the stylus is placed on the test point and the test point has a correctly positioned bore, the stylus will not move from the rest position to the signal trigger position. If the bore is faulty, the component material exerts pressure on the stylus and moves it from the rest position to the signal trigger position.

[0021] If the length of a blind hole is to be checked as a target configuration, the probe element can protrude from the housing in its rest position to such an extent that a correctly positioned blind hole exerts no pressure on the probe element. If the existing bore is a blind hole with insufficient depth, the probe element will be pressed into the housing when the test fixture is placed on the test point.

[0022] The test device includes a sensor element, i.e., a component or group of components designed to qualitatively and / or quantitatively detect certain physical or chemical properties or characteristics. The sensor element can also be referred to as a detector element or transducer. The sensor element is designed and arranged to detect a change in the probe element from its rest position to the signal-trigger position, i.e., a movement, adjustment, or displacement of the probe element into the signal-trigger position. The sensor element can preferably be designed as a contact sensor and / or a metal sensor and detect contact with the probe element. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor element can, for example, be designed as a camera capable of recording the movement of the probe element.

[0023] The test device also includes a control unit, i.e., a component, a group of components, or a device component for receiving and evaluating signals, as well as for generating control signals. The control unit is configured to detect any deviation from the specified nominal arrangement of the bore when the signal trigger position is detected, and to generate a test signal that describes the deviation, i.e., the faulty arrangement of the bore. To detect the deviation of the actual arrangement of the bore from the specified nominal arrangement, the control unit can, for example, be configured to receive and read a signal from the sensor element, thereby detecting, for example, the contact between the sensor element and the probe element or the movement of the probe element.

[0024] Optionally, the combination of the probe element and the sensor element can be referred to as an initiator unit or simply an initiator. The initiator unit can optionally also include the control unit. The initiator unit can be described as a component group or device component group designed to check the arrangement of the bore through the interaction of its elements and to generate a corresponding signal in the event of an incorrect arrangement. The initiator unit thus translates an analog signal, i.e., the movement of the probe element, into a digital signal. Optionally, a signal describing a correct arrangement can also be generated if the probe element is not moved into the signal trigger position.

[0025] The aforementioned advantages result.

[0026] The control unit is designed to generate a control signal upon detecting a deviation from the target arrangement. This signal can describe the placement or repositioning of the bore at the test point and is transmitted to a drilling device. The drilling device can preferably be configured as a punch nut placement device, for example, a punch nut press. This allows for very quick and efficient drilling of the bore.

[0027] The problem stated above is solved by a method for checking whether a component surface has a hole in the specified nominal arrangement at the test point. The method is carried out by the control unit of an embodiment of the test device according to the invention.

[0028] The control unit receives a position change signal from the sensor element of the test device, which describes a change of the probe element from its rest position to the signal trigger position. Based on the received position change signal, the control unit determines whether the test point meets a predefined error criterion; in other words, whether the actual arrangement of the bore meets a predefined error criterion. The predefined error criterion specifies a deviation of the actual arrangement from the target arrangement of a bore at the test point, optionally specifying a minimum degree of deviation. The control unit generates a test signal that describes the deviation of the actual arrangement of the bore from the target arrangement.

[0029] The advantages described above result.

[0030] Accordingly, the method according to the invention provides that the generated test signal describes the positioning or repositioning of the bore at the test location. The control unit generates a control signal that describes the positioning or repositioning of the bore at the test location. The control unit then transmits the generated control signal to the drilling device. The bore is preferably a bore formed by a punch nut and can, for example, be a through-hole.

[0031] The sensor element of the test device according to the invention can preferably be arranged on the adjustment axis and designed as a contact sensor, in particular as a metal sensor, wherein the sensor element and the probe element are arranged relative to each other such that the probe element only contacts the sensor element in the signal trigger position. This allows for a very simple and very reliable check of whether the bore arrangement is faulty or not. In other words, in this embodiment, the probe element is mounted without contact to the sensor element in the rest position.

[0032] According to a further embodiment of the test device according to the invention, the control unit can be configured to generate a control signal when a deviation from the target arrangement is detected. This control signal can describe the arrangement or re-arrangement of the bore at the test location, and the control unit is configured to transmit the generated control signal to a drilling device. The drilling device can preferably be designed as a punch nut arrangement device, for example, as a punch nut press. This allows the correct placement of the bore to be carried out very quickly and efficiently.

[0033] The sensing element of the test device can preferably be designed as a pin or needle. Ideally, one main extension direction, i.e., one length of the sensing element, can run along the adjustment axis. In other words, the sensing element can be arranged and supported along its length along the adjustment axis. With this embodiment of the test device according to the invention, through-holes can be tested, in particular, or whether the bore has a predetermined length as a target configuration. A further advantage is that the diameter of the sensing element, designed as a needle or pin, can be matched to a diameter of a desired bore specified by the target configuration, so that even small metal fragments at the edge of the bore can trigger the adjustment to the signal trigger position. This makes the testing process much more precise and reliable.Another advantage is the very flexible and easy handling of the testing device.

[0034] As mentioned above, the bore can preferably be an opening or through-hole formed by a punch nut.

[0035] The component can preferably be designed as a circuit board or as a component formed from a circuit board. Preferably, the component can be a component of a motor vehicle, in particular a component of the vehicle body. In other words, the component can preferably be a body component. The advantages of the inventive method and the inventive devices are particularly evident in the manufacture of motor vehicles, where the production of the body parts involves many intermediate steps and final assembly is often carried out at other, distant locations.

[0036] The problem stated above is solved by a drilling device comprising an embodiment of the testing device according to the invention. The drilling device can preferably be designed as a punch nut assembly device, for example as a punch nut press.

[0037] The invention also includes the control unit. The control unit can be configured, for example, as a control device, control unit, computer program, or control chip. The control unit comprises a processor unit configured to carry out an embodiment of the method according to the invention. For this purpose, the processor unit can include at least one microprocessor and / or at least one microcontroller and / or at least one FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and / or at least one DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Furthermore, the processor unit can include program code configured to carry out the embodiment of the method according to the invention when executed by the processor unit. The program code can be stored in a data memory of the processor unit.

[0038] The invention also includes further developments of the drilling device, the method, and the control device according to the invention, each of which has features already described in connection with the further developments of the testing device according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding further developments of the punch nut assembly device, the method, and the control device according to the invention are not described again here.

[0039] The invention also includes combinations of the features of the described embodiments.

[0040] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below. Shown are: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of the test device and method according to the invention; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of an embodiment of the drilling device according to the invention; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a punch nut in the nominal arrangement; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of an incorrectly set punch nut; Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method according to the invention; Fig. 6 a further schematic representation of the further embodiment of the method according to the invention; Fig. 7 a further schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method according to the invention; and Fig. 8 a further schematic representation of the further embodiment of the method according to the invention.

[0041] The exemplary embodiments explained below are preferred embodiments of the invention. In the exemplary embodiments, the described components of the embodiments each represent individual features of the invention that can be considered independently of one another, each of which also develops the invention independently of one another. Therefore, the disclosure is intended to encompass combinations of the features of the embodiments other than those shown. Furthermore, the described embodiments can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.

[0042] In the figures, the same reference symbols designate elements with the same function.

[0043] The Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation to illustrate the principle of the test device 10 according to the invention, as well as the principle of the method according to the invention.

[0044] The test device 10 has a housing 12 which, for example, has an opening on one side in which a tactile element 14 can be arranged in a movable and adjustable manner.

[0045] The key element 14 can, for example, be mounted by a suspension or a rail (in Fig. (1 not shown) so that it is movably mounted along the adjustment axis 16. In the example of the Fig. Figure 1 shows the key element 14 in its rest position. In the rest position, the key element 14 can optionally be held by means of, for example, springs and / or a clamping device. The key element 14 of the Fig. In its preferred embodiment, 1 is shown as a needle or pin, which may preferably have a diameter that can be matched to the diameter of a bore to be inspected. For example, if the probe element 14 is used to inspect bores with a diameter of, say, three millimeters, the probe element 14 may, for example, have a diameter of two millimeters.

[0046] Alternatively, the taste element 14 can be designed, for example, as a cube, cuboid or cylinder.

[0047] In the example of the Fig. 1. The sensor element 18 can be arranged on or at the adjustment axis 16. The sensor element 18 can, for example, be designed as a contact sensor, and / or, for example, as a metal sensor, if the sensing element 14 is made of metal at least at the end facing the sensor element 18. If the sensor element 18 is located in the Fig. When pressure is exerted on the pointed end of the sensing element 14 (shown on the right) by metal remnants in a bore 38, the sensing element 14 is moved on the adjustment axis 16 in the direction of the adjustment movement 19, so that the sensing element 14 contacts the sensor element 18. This is then the signal trigger position.

[0048] The sensor element 18 can alternatively be, for example, a camera that can be aligned with the adjustment axis 16 and can thus, for example, detect when the key element 14 is moved from the rest position to the signal trigger position.

[0049] Preferably, the sensor element 18 can be arranged on a carrier 20, i.e., on a support element, which holds the sensor element 18 in position. The carrier 20 can, for example, be part of the housing 12. The test device 10 can optionally be permanently installed in a workbench or in a robot and preferably be moved and rotated in several directions, ideally being rotatable in three dimensions. The housing 12 and carrier 20 can, for example, be designed as a housing component of a robot.

[0050] The test device 10 also includes a control unit 22, wherein the exemplary control unit 22 of the Fig. 1. The control unit 22 may include a processor 24 and / or a data storage device 26. The control unit 22 may, for example, be a control chip on whose data storage device 26, for example, software, such as a PLC program, may be stored. The control unit 22 communicates with the sensor element 18 via a data communication link 28, for example, a wireless data communication link, such as a WLAN connection or a Bluetooth connection, or via a wired connection, such as a cable or a wire.

[0051] During the adjustment movement 19 from the rest position to the signal trigger position and the resulting contact with the sensor element 18, the sensor element 18 detects the contact with the key element 14 (S1).

[0052] The sensor element 18 can generate a corresponding position change signal that describes the detected contact and transmits the generated position change signal to the control unit 22 via the data communication link 28. Accordingly, the control unit 22 receives the position change signal (process step S2) and, based on the received position change signal, determines whether a test point of a currently tested component meets a predefined defect criterion (S3). In the example of the Fig. 1. The specified error criterion can, for example, state that the bore 38 of component 34 falls below a specified nominal diameter, or that, for example, metal remnants protrude into the bore 38. Determining that the specified error criterion is met (S3) can be done, for example, by inferring, based on the received position change signal and thus on the adjustment movement 19, that the probe element 14 was pressed in by, for example, metal remnants. This thus establishes the deviation of the actual arrangement of the inspected bore from a specified nominal arrangement (S4).

[0053] The control unit 22 generates a test signal that describes this deviation and / or the fulfillment of the error criterion (S5) and can transmit the generated test signal via a data communication link 28 to, for example, a screen 30 (S6). A corresponding error message can then be displayed on the screen 30.

[0054] Alternatively, the generated test signal can also be sent to a drilling device (in the Fig. (1 not shown) are transmitted, which causes the hole to be drilled again. In another example, the control unit 22 can generate a control signal (S7) separate from the test signal, which can control the drilling device. The control signal can then, for example, describe a sequence of several work steps, such as gripping the component by a robot arm, transferring the component from a workbench with the test device 10 to the drilling device, and re-drilling the hole by the drilling device.

[0055] The Fig. Figure 2 shows an example of a drilling device 32, which can preferably be configured as a punch nut assembly device, i.e., for example, as a punch nut press. The one in the Fig. The test device 10 shown in Figure 2 is only shown in a highly simplified form and can preferably be compared to the test device 10 of the Fig. 1 correspond to or contain its components.

[0056] The Fig. Figure 3 shows an example of a component 34, which could, for example, be a body part of a motor vehicle. The test point 36 is, in this example, the Fig. Figure 3 shows a correctly positioned bore 38 for, for example, a loudspeaker, in which no waste, i.e., no metal residue, remains. The bore 38 can preferably be a through-hole of a punched nut 40.

[0057] The Fig. Figure 4 shows a section of an exemplary component 34 in which the exemplary stamped nut 40 was incorrectly installed. During the pressing process, no metal was punched out, so the stamped nut 40 was not pressed and there is no bore 38 at the test point 36.

[0058] The Fig. Figures 5 to 8 show another embodiment of the testing procedure.

[0059] This shows the Fig. 5 the section of component 34 with the correctly positioned or pressed exemplary punch nut 40. From the one in the Fig. The test device 10 is positioned against the component 34 on the side not visible in Figure 5, and the probe element 14 protrudes through the bore 38, which is designed as a through-opening. The probe element 14 is located in the Fig. 5 to see the top.

[0060] The Fig. Figure 6 shows an example in which both sides of component 34 are visible, so that the test device 10 is visible on one side, and on the other side the tip of the probe element 14, which protrudes through a correctly positioned bore 38 of a correctly positioned punch nut 40. The probe element 14 of the Fig. 6 therefore remains in retirement, i.e., in the resting position.

[0061] The Fig. Figure 7 shows an example in which a component 34 is being tested that has an incorrectly set punch nut 40 or a test point 36 with a missing punch nut 40. Waste, for example metal remnants in the bore 38, or the material of component 34 remaining completely at the test point 36, pushes the sensing element 14 into the housing 12 of the test device 10 in the direction of the adjustment movement 19. The test signal is triggered.

[0062] The Fig. Figure 8 shows an example in which a component 34 is checked with a correctly installed punch nut 40. In other words, there is a hole 38 (in the Fig. (8 not shown) no waste, i.e., no metal residue. The stylus element 14 protrudes through the bore 38 of the punch nut 40.

[0063] Overall, the examples show how a test device 10 can be provided to check whether a surface of a component 34 at a test point 36 has a bore 38 with a specified nominal arrangement, in particular a reading device for punch nuts 40.

[0064] For example, the sensor element 18 can be mounted on or arranged on a special carrier 20. A needle, preferably with a diameter of two millimeters, can be mounted at the end of the carrier 20 as a sensing element 14. If, for example, the pressing of a punch nut 40 was successful, the needle remains in its rest position because there is no waste on the punch nut 40. If waste is present on the punch nut 40 (i.e., the punching was / is not successful), the needle is pressed in, and the deflection of the needle can cause the sensor element 18 – optionally the initiator device – to generate and transmit a signal. When this digital signal is received by the control device 22, for example, a PLC program, an error message (S6) can be generated, and the punching device can be stopped automatically.Therefore, any defective components (34) are immediately detected and corrected. No defective components (34) leave the body shop.

[0065] Among the advantages already mentioned above is the significant cost savings.

Claims

[1] Testing device (10) for checking whether a surface of a component (34) has a bore (38) in a predetermined desired arrangement at a test point (36), the testing device (10) comprising: - a probe element (14) which, in a rest position, protrudes at least partially from a housing (12) of the testing device (10) and is movably mounted along an adjustment axis (16) along which the probe element (14) can be adjusted into a signal triggering position as a function of the application of pressure into the housing (12); - a sensor element (18) which is designed and arranged to detect a change of the probe element (14) from the rest position to the signal triggering position (S1); and - a control device (22) which is configured to detect (S4) a deviation from the predetermined desired arrangement of the bore (38) upon detection of the signal triggering position, and to generate a test signal describing the deviation (S5); and, upon detection of the deviation from the predetermined desired arrangement, to generate (S7) a control signal describing an arrangement or re-arrangement of the bore (38) at the test point (36), and to transmit the generated control signal to a drilling device (32) (S7). [2] Testing device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the sensor element (18) is arranged on the adjustment axis (16) and is designed as a contact sensor, and wherein the sensor element (18) and the probe element (14) are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the probe element (14) contacts the sensor element (18) only in the signal triggering position. [3] Testing device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (22) is arranged to transmit the generated control signal to a punch nut arrangement device (S7). [4] Testing device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the probe element (14) is designed as a pin or needle, preferably wherein a main extension direction of the probe element (14) runs along the adjustment axis (16). [5] Test device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bore (38) is an opening formed by a punch nut (40). [6] Drilling device (32) comprising a testing device (10) according to one of the preceding claims; wherein the drilling device (32) is preferably designed as a punch nut arrangement device. [7] Method for checking whether a surface of a component (34) at a test point (36) has a bore (38) in a predetermined desired arrangement, wherein a control device (22) of a testing device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5: - receives a position change signal from the sensor element (18) which describes a change of the probe element (14) from the rest position to the signal triggering position (S2), - determines on the basis of the received position change signal that the test point (36) meets a predetermined error criterion which specifies a deviation of an actual arrangement from a desired arrangement of a bore (38) at the test point (36) (S3), - a test signal is generated which describes the deviation of an actual arrangement of the bore (38) from the desired arrangement (S5), and an arrangement or a re-arrangement of the bore (38) at the test point (36), and - transmitting the generated test signal to a drilling device (32) (S7). [8] Method according to claim 7, wherein the control device (22) generates the test signal - to a punch nut arrangement device (S7); preferably wherein the bore (38) is formed by a punch nut (40). [9] Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the component (34) is a body component (34). [10] Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the bore (38) is an opening or through-opening formed by a punch nut (40). [11] Control device (22) which is arranged to carry out a method according to one of claims 7 to 10.

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