Concrete block and surface covering

Abstract

Concrete block (1) in the form of a surface element that can be laid in a bonded manner for creating a surface covering, comprising at least one concrete block body (2) having several concrete block layers (2a, 2b, 2c) with at least one concrete block underside (2.1) suitable for laying on a bedding layer (7) of a substrate and a concrete block upperside (2.2) opposite this, wherein the concrete block body (2) has at least a first concrete block layer (2a), a directly adjoining second concrete block layer (2b) that is at least partially water-permeable and a subsequent third concrete block layer (2c) that is also at least partially water-permeable, wherein the third concrete block layer (2c) forms the concrete block underside (2.1), and wherein the concrete block body (2) has at least one extending along the concrete block underside (2.1) comprising an extending and integrally formed, integrated filter layer (3) with the concrete block body (2) for the removal of pollutants from stormwater runoff, which is formed by a natural and / or artificial molecular sieve, which is added section by section to at least one concrete material used for the production of the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layers (2b, 2c) for the production of the filter layer (3), characterized in that the at least one integrated filter layer (3) is formed between the second and third concrete block layer (2b, 2c) or in the second and third concrete block layer (2b, 2c).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a concrete block according to the preamble of claim 1 and a surface covering according to claim 12.

[0002] Concrete blocks, in particular paving stones, steps, wall and edging stones made of concrete, are well known from the prior art. Such concrete blocks are frequently used in road, traffic route and landscape construction for the production of surface coverings, walls, stairs or other structures permanently fixed to the ground.

[0003] For example, in urban areas, large areas of the surface are often designed as pedestrian or vehicular traffic areas such as streets, paths, squares, or parking lots and covered with paving made of concrete blocks, especially paving stones or slabs. The concrete blocks or paving stones are preferably laid in a bonded pattern on a bedding layer of the subsoil, such that joints are formed between adjacent paving stones or blocks. The joints are filled with suitable, usually sand-based, jointing materials. Such paved surface coverings are well known in the art.

[0004] For all traffic areas with a surface covering, care must be taken to ensure that rainwater falling on the surface of the covering is drained away as effectively and sufficiently as possible. With the aforementioned concrete paving stones, the drainage of rainwater generally occurs through infiltration. Depending on the properties of the paving stones, and in particular the type of concrete used in their production, the rainwater typically infiltrates either through the joints or through the joints and the paving stones themselves.

[0005] Conventional concrete pavers are made of impermeable concrete material, at least on their upper surface, so that rainwater infiltration in paved surfaces occurs exclusively through the joints. The infiltration rate per section of a paved surface can be partially adjusted by choosing the joint width and / or the type of jointing material used, but only to the extent that the stabilizing function of the joint is not impaired, which would lead to damage to the paving.

[0006] Concrete blocks are also known that are made, at least in sections, from open-pore concrete. These concrete blocks have, in addition to a water-impermeable layer forming the top surface, at least one adjoining water-permeable layer, which allows rainwater to seep through a section of the block itself, in addition to seepage via the joints.

[0007] Due to existing legal requirements for sustainable rainwater management, the treatment of rainwater before it enters the groundwater is becoming increasingly important. To prevent groundwater contamination with pollutants contained in rainwater, surface coverings and jointing materials specifically designed to clean rainwater or runoff contaminated with pollutants such as mineral oils or heavy metals are now being used. Particularly in traffic areas, rainwater is frequently contaminated with heavy metals and hydrocarbons due to brake and tire abrasion as well as dripping from vehicles, which can severely pollute groundwater.

[0008] Various jointing materials are already known for filling the joints of such concrete paving. These materials contain not only a sand-like component but also a fine particle and a natural or artificial molecular sieve. Such natural or artificial molecular sieves consist of natural or artificial zeolites, i.e., crystalline aluminosilicates, which exhibit a high adsorption capacity, particularly for substances of a specific molecular size dissolved in rainwater. By selecting a suitable molecular sieve, molecules of a particular size can be selectively filtered out of the rainwater. These molecular sieves possess a large internal surface area and a uniform pore diameter, which is on the order of the diameter of the molecules to be adsorbed.The pore diameter is often given in the unit angstroms (Å), where 1 Å = 0.1 nm.

[0009] From EP 2 617 684 B1, a surface covering and an associated jointing material are already known, in which the joints of a surface covering made of concrete pavers are filled with a substantially sand-like jointing material. The jointing material forms a filter layer for removing pollutants from the rainwater runoff through the joints. The jointing material consists of a mixture of a sand-like component, a fine component, and an artificial molecular sieve, with the volume fraction of the artificial molecular sieve, relative to the total volume of the jointing material mixture, being between 2% and 10%. To ensure effective removal of pollutants from the rainwater, the joint width must be selected such that it corresponds to at least 5% of the total surface area of ​​the surface covering or the surface area formed by the concrete pavers.A disadvantage compared to conventional surface coverings is the significantly wider joint widths required, which not only affect the appearance of the surface covering but can also noticeably impair its stability, especially under heavy traffic. Furthermore, filling the joints of a surface covering with wider joints requires more time and materials, resulting in higher production costs.

[0010] From JP 2004-183 262 A, a concrete block for creating surface coverings is known, the concrete block body of which is made from a concrete material with a coarse aggregate to provide at least partial water permeability. The concrete block body has a coating of diatomaceous earth on its upper surface and a coating of diatomaceous earth and obsidian powder or a coating of diatomaceous earth, obsidian powder and zeolite powder on its lower surface.

[0011] Furthermore, DE 697 18 080 T2 discloses a paving stone for NOx purification comprising a block with a base layer made of concrete and a surface layer made of cement, NOx-purifying titanium dioxide powder, and sand. The surface layer may also contain an adsorption material such as zeolite.

[0012] Based on this, the object of the invention is to provide a concrete block, in particular a concrete paving stone, which, compared to the prior art, enables a reduction in the joint widths of surface coverings produced using the concrete block, by employing a jointing material forming a filter layer. This object is achieved by a concrete block according to claim 1 and a surface covering according to claim 12.

[0013] Concrete blocks within the meaning of the invention can in particular be paving stones and slabs made of concrete, which can be laid in bond on a bedding layer.

[0014] According to a first aspect of the invention, the concrete block body has, in the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layer, at least one integrated filter layer extending along the underside of the concrete block and formed integrally with the concrete block body, for removing pollutants from rainwater runoff, which is formed by a natural and / or artificial molecular sieve, which is added section by section to at least one concrete material used to produce the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layers for generating the filter layer.This makes it particularly advantageous to integrate the natural and / or artificial molecular sieve into the concrete block during its production, so that after the concrete block according to the invention is laid in a bonded arrangement, the rainwater penetrating the at least partially water-permeable part of the concrete block body via the joints can be cleaned of pollutants by means of the filter layer integrated into the concrete block. This additional filtration capability within the concrete block effectively compensates for a reduction in the degree and / or amount of filtration caused by a reduction in joint width. In other words, the joint widths of the paving can be reduced particularly advantageously while maintaining the effectiveness of the paving's filter properties, preferably to joint widths within the range specified in DIN standard 18318.For a surface covering with a thickness of up to 12 cm, the joint width is, for example, between 3 mm and 5 mm, and for a thickness of more than 12 cm, for example, between 5 mm and 8 mm.

[0015] According to the invention, the concrete block body comprises at least a first layer of concrete blocks, a second layer immediately adjoining it which is at least partially water-permeable, and a third layer adjoining it which is also at least partially water-permeable. The at least one integrated filter layer is arranged between or within the second and third layers of concrete blocks. It is particularly advantageous to arrange several integrated filter layers in series, through which different pollutants can be filtered out. This also advantageously increases the effectiveness of the filtration.

[0016] Advantageously, the first layer of concrete blocks forming the top surface consists of a dense facing concrete. The second layer of concrete blocks is preferably made of open-graded core concrete, and any third layer of concrete blocks provided may also consist of open-graded core concrete or of a concrete material rich in aggregate and / or sand.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the integrated filter layer consists of a mixture of a concrete material and at least one natural or artificial molecular sieve, wherein the volume fraction of the natural or artificial molecular sieve, relative to the total volume of the integrated filter layer, is between 2% and 20%. It has been shown that with a suitable mixture, particularly good filter properties are achieved without impairing the stability of the concrete block.

[0018] A particularly advantageous feature is the second layer of concrete blocks arranged between the first and third layers, which is designed to absorb and store water. This allows the concrete block according to the invention to release rainwater back into the environment through evaporation when the surface covering warms up sufficiently.

[0019] Particularly preferred are natural and artificial molecular sieves formed by natural or artificial zeolites having a grain size of 1.5 mm to 3 mm and a pore diameter between 3 Å and 10 Å, preferably 4 Å, 5 Å, or 10 Å. This type of zeolite is particularly suitable for removing heavy metals or other pollutants from rainwater. The integrated filter layer preferably has a thickness between 5 mm and 40 mm, more preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm.

[0020] Natural molecular sieves formed from natural zeolites, specifically clinoptilolites, are particularly favored. Clinoptilolites can be formed, for example, from clinoptilolite-Ca with the chemical composition Ca3(Si3)3. 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O or by clinoptilolite-K with the chemical composition K6(Si 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O or by clinoptilolite sodium with the chemical composition Na6(Si 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O are formed. Clinoptilolites are particularly advantageous because they have a Mohs hardness between 3.5 and 4, which ensures sufficient compressive and flexural strength of the concrete block.

[0021] The concrete block according to the invention is preferably manufactured in one piece or in one part and forms a monolithic concrete block. To ensure the strength of the concrete, a suitable cement mixture can be used and / or supporting aggregates can be added to the concrete material, particularly in the layers where the molecular sieve is added.

[0022] The invention further relates to a surface covering comprising a plurality of multi-layered concrete blocks laid in a bonded pattern on a bedding layer of a substrate, comprising a concrete block body with at least one underside suitable for laying on a bedding layer of a substrate and one upper side opposite it, wherein the concrete block body has at least a first layer of concrete blocks, a second layer immediately adjoining it which is at least partially water-permeable, and a third layer adjoining it which is also at least partially water-permeable, wherein the third layer of concrete blocks forms the underside of the concrete blocks.According to the invention, each concrete block has at least one integrated filter layer extending along the underside of the concrete block and formed integrally with the concrete block body for removing pollutants from rainwater runoff, which is formed by a natural and / or artificial molecular sieve, which is added section by section to at least one concrete material used to produce the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layers for generating the filter layer, wherein the at least one integrated filter layer is formed between the second and third concrete block layers or in the second and third concrete block layers.

[0023] The concrete block body preferably comprises several concrete block faces which, via joints and a jointing material incorporated therein, form an inlet path for rainwater into the second water-permeable layer of the concrete blocks. The jointing material particularly preferably consists of a mixture of a gravel and / or sand-like component, a fine component, and an artificial molecular sieve for removing pollutants from the rainwater. This achieves effective filtration of the rainwater both via the joint and via the integrated filter layer, even with a reduced joint width.

[0024] Furthermore, zeolites are advantageously added as a natural and / or artificial molecular sieve, whereby any cement paste present on the exposed surfaces of the zeolites is removed. This significantly improves the ion exchange with the flowing water. Cleaning the surfaces on the underside and / or side of the concrete block thus considerably increases the filtering effect of the integrated filter layer.

[0025] The terms “approximately”, “essentially” or “about” mean, within the meaning of the invention, deviations from the respective exact value by + / - 10%, preferably by + / - 5% and / or deviations in the form of changes that are insignificant for the function.

[0026] Further developments, advantages, and possible applications of the invention will also become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the figures. All features described and / or illustrated are, individually or in any combination, fundamentally the subject matter of the invention, irrespective of their compilation in the claims or their cross-reference. The content of the claims is also incorporated into the description.

[0027] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. The figures show: Fig. 1. A perspective view of a concrete block with two layers of concrete blocks and an integrated filter layer. Fig. 2 a schematic section through the concrete block according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a schematic section through an embodiment of a concrete block according to the invention with three layers of concrete blocks and an integrated filter layer, Fig. 4 a schematic section through a further embodiment of a concrete block according to the invention with three layers of concrete blocks and a filter layer integrated in the transition area between the second and third layers of concrete blocks, and Fig. 5 a schematic and enlarged cross-section through a surface covering section to illustrate the infiltration path.

[0028] Identical reference numerals are used in the figures for identical or similarly functioning elements of the invention. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only those reference numerals necessary for describing the respective figure are shown in the individual figures.

[0029] In Fig. Figure 1 is an example of a perspective view of a concrete block 1 not according to the invention and in Fig. 2 A schematic section along a cutting plane parallel to the central longitudinal axis MLA and the longitudinal axis LA of the concrete block 1 is shown through a concrete block 1.

[0030] The concrete block 1 is preferably designed as a surface element that can be laid in a bonded configuration to create a surface covering. In the present embodiment, a concrete block or a concrete slab is understood to mean essentially identical elements that can be used to create a surface covering in a manner known per se. Depending on the chosen laying pattern, these are laid adjacent to one another and flush with each other on joint 5, so that a preferably level surface covering 10 with joints 5 is created.

[0031] In the illustrated embodiments, the concrete block 1 has so-called spacers or spacer lugs 4, which ensure uniform joints 5 of approximately uniform width when the concrete block 1 is laid in bond and provide for a minimum width of the joints 5.

[0032] A concrete block 1 according to the invention comprises at least one multi-layered concrete block body 2 with at least one integrated filter layer 3 for removing pollutants from rainwater runoff. The concrete block body 2 has at least one concrete block underside 2.1 and a concrete block upperside 2.2 opposite it, wherein the concrete block upperside 2.2 preferably forms the walking surface or drivable surface or traffic surface of the concrete block 1.

[0033] According to the present invention, the integrated filter layer 3 for removing pollutants from rainwater runoff is formed between a second and third layer of concrete blocks 2b, 2c or in the second and third layer of concrete blocks 2b, 2c and extends over a surface along a plane parallel to the underside of the concrete block 2.1 in order to selectively clean rainwater penetrating the concrete block body 2 via the joints 5 and spreading towards the underside of the concrete block 2.1 from pollutants.

[0034] The underside of the concrete block 2.1 is suitable or designed for laying on a bedding layer 7 of a substrate. For this purpose, it is preferably designed to be substantially flat or even. Similarly, the upper surface of the concrete block 2.2 is also designed to be substantially flat or even, and preferably forms the walking surface or a drive-over surface.

[0035] However, the specific design of the underside 2.1, the top side 2.2 and / or further lateral surface sections 2.3, 2.4 of the concrete block 1 are not relevant to the invention; in particular, the specific cross-sectional shape of the concrete block 1 and / or the dimensioning of the concrete block 1 can be chosen almost arbitrarily without abandoning the inventive concept.

[0036] The concrete block 1, for example, is cuboid in shape and has two congruent and opposing concrete block sides 2.3, 2.4. The underside 2.1 and the top side 2.2 of the concrete block are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis MLA of the concrete block body 2 or concrete block 1, respectively, with the concrete block sides 2.4 being perpendicular and the concrete block sides 2.3 being parallel to the longitudinal axis LA of the concrete block body 2 or concrete block 1. In the present embodiment, the underside 2.1 and the top side 2.2 of the concrete block are, for example, congruent in area.

[0037] The multi-layered concrete block body 2 comprises at least a first concrete block layer 2a forming the concrete block top 2.2 and at least a second concrete block layer 2b adjoining the first concrete block layer 2a, wherein the second concrete block layer 2b is made of a concrete material that is at least partially water-permeable, so that the rainwater reaching the second concrete block layer 2b via the joints 5 over the concrete block sides 2.3, 2.4 can penetrate into this concrete block layer 2b.

[0038] Preferably, the first layer 2a of the concrete block body 2 is formed by a facing concrete layer made of facing concrete material, and the second layer 2b is formed by a core concrete layer made of core concrete material that is at least partially water-permeable. For this purpose, open-pore core concrete material is particularly preferred.

[0039] At least one integrated filter layer 3 extending along the underside of the concrete block 2.1 is provided in the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layer 2b, 2c for the removal of pollutants from rainwater runoff, which is formed by a natural or artificial molecular sieve, which is added section by section to at least one concrete material used to produce the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layer 2b, 2c for the production of the integrated filter layer 3.

[0040] The at least one integrated filter layer 3 is thus formed integrally with the concrete block body 2, specifically, it is integrated into the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layer 2b, 2c during the production of the concrete block 1. For this purpose, a natural or artificial molecular sieve is added when the concrete material forming the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layer 2b, 2c, preferably open-pore concrete material, is introduced, preferably distributed uniformly over the entire cross-sectional area of ​​the concrete block 1, and mixed with the concrete material. Subsequently, the concrete material is further processed in a manner known per se and, after hardening, forms the concrete block body 2. The integrated filter layer 3 formed therein extends along a plane parallel to the underside 2.1 of the concrete block, preferably over a predetermined layer width Df.The layer width Df is, for example, between 5 and 30 mm. The integrated filter layer 3 preferably extends to the underside of the concrete block 2.1, as for example in [reference]. Fig. 2 shown.

[0041] The integrated filter layer 3 is constructed according to the non-inventive example of the Fig. 2 formed by a section of the second layer of concrete blocks 2b extending along the underside of the concrete block 2.1, preferably the section forming the underside of the concrete block 2.1 and / or a section adjoining it in the direction of the first layer of concrete blocks 2a.

[0042] The integrated filter layer 3 preferably consists of a mixture of the concrete material used for the production of the respective concrete block layer 2b, 2c and at least one natural or artificial molecular sieve, wherein the volume fraction of the natural or artificial molecular sieve is between 2% and 20% in relation to the total volume of the integrated filter layer 3.

[0043] Artificial molecular sieves in the form of artificial zeolites have a greater adsorption capacity compared to natural zeolites; that is, a volume fraction of 2% to 10% of the molecular sieve based on the total volume of the integrated filter layer 3 is sufficient for the multi-layered concrete block 1 to continue to meet the structural engineering requirements and, in addition, for pollutants, especially heavy metals, carbon compounds, etc., to be effectively filtered out of the rainwater runoff.

[0044] Preferably, the natural and artificial molecular sieves are formed from natural or artificial zeolites, specifically crystalline aluminosilicates. Natural zeolites occur in numerous modifications in nature, while artificial zeolites are synthetically produced. Molecular sieves are commercially available in powdered, rod, or bead form. For the production of the integrated filter layer 3, molecular sieves with a particle size of 1.5 mm to 3 mm and a pore diameter between 3 Å and 10 Å, preferably 4 Å, 5 Å, or 10 Å, are preferably used. The pore diameter or pore size is preferably matched to the size of the pollutant particles to be adsorbed.

[0045] In a particularly preferred embodiment, natural zeolites, specifically clinoptilolites, are used. The clinoptilolites can be, for example, clinoptilolite-Ca with the chemical composition Ca3(S). 30 Ale )O 72 ·20H2O or by clinoptilolite-K with the chemical composition K6(Si 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O or by clinoptilolite sodium with the chemical composition Na6(Si 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O are formed. Particularly advantageous are such clinoptilolites, which exhibit a Mohs hardness between 3.5 and 4, thus ensuring sufficient compressive and flexural strength of the concrete block.

[0046] In a particularly preferred embodiment, an artificial molecular sieve is used to produce the integrated filter layer 3, which is made from a material designated 13X and has the chemical composition Na₂O · Al₂O₃ · 2.5 SiO₂ · n H₂O. In an alternative embodiment, the artificial molecular sieve can also be made from a material designated 4A and has the chemical composition Na₂O · Al₂O₃ · 2 SiO₂ · n H₂O or from a material designated 5A and has the chemical composition 0.7 CaO · 0.3 Na₂O · Al₂O₃ · 2 SiO₂ · n H₂O.

[0047] To improve the filtering effect, the underside of the concrete block 2.1 can be subjected to a surface treatment that at least partially removes the cement coating or layer from the filter material integrated into the second layer of concrete block 2b, which is in the form of a natural or artificial molecular sieve. Particularly preferred are known surface treatment and / or finishing processes such as sandblasting or shot blasting. For example, shot blasting can be used to selectively remove the cement coating from the underside of the concrete block 2.1, thereby partially exposing the zeolites of the molecular sieve integrated into the second layer of concrete block 2b.

[0048] In the embodiments according to the invention, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. A third layer of concrete blocks 2c is provided adjoining the second layer 2b, forming the underside 2.1 of the concrete blocks. The third layer of concrete blocks 2c is also designed to be at least partially water-permeable.

[0049] In these embodiments, the integrated filter layer 3 according to the invention extends either in the transition area or following the transition area between the second and third concrete block layer 2b, 2c in the second and / or the third concrete block layer 2b, 2c or alternatively according to the Fig. 4 between the second and third layer of concrete blocks 2b, 2c.

[0050] The first layer of concrete blocks 2a, forming the top surface 2.2, is preferably formed by a watertight facing layer made of a dense, impermeable facing concrete material. The second layer of concrete blocks 2b, consisting of a porous core concrete with a high proportion of fine and micropores, is directly adjacent to the first layer 2a. In an advantageous embodiment, this porous concrete layer 2b facilitates the absorption and storage of water, thus enabling water to penetrate the second layer 2b through the sides 2.3 and 2.4 of the concrete blocks.

[0051] The concrete block 1 or the concrete block body 2 has a total height H, which preferably corresponds to the sum of the layer thicknesses Da, Db, Dc of the first and second concrete block layers 2a, 2b or of the first to third concrete block layers 2a, 2b, 2c, and optionally also the layer thickness Df of the integrated filter layer 3. In the present embodiment, the first concrete block layer 2a has a first layer thickness Da, the second concrete block layer 2b has a second layer thickness Db, and the third concrete block layer 2c has a third layer thickness Dc.

[0052] The first layer thickness Da of the first layer of concrete blocks is, for example, between 5 mm and 20 mm. The second layer thickness Db of the second layer of concrete blocks 2b comprises, in the exemplary embodiment according to... Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Approximately 80% of the total height H of the shaped block 1. Starting from a total height H of, for example, 10 cm, the first layer thickness Da is, for example, 2 cm and the second layer thickness Db is, for example, 8 cm, where the layer thickness Df of the integrated filter layer 3 is approximately between 5 mm and 20 mm. Is according to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4. If a third layer of concrete blocks 2c is provided, its third layer thickness Dc shall be between 5 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm.

[0053] Fig. Figure 5 shows a section through a surface covering 10 formed by means of concrete blocks 1 not designed according to the invention. The surface covering 10 comprises a plurality of multi-layered concrete blocks 1 laid bonded to a bedding layer 7 of a substrate. The concrete blocks 1 used to produce the surface covering 10 are each formed in two layers, i.e., each has a first and second layer 2a, 2b. Joints 5 are formed between adjacent concrete blocks 1 of the surface covering 10, which are filled with a jointing material 6 and form a drainage path for draining rainwater from the surface of the surface covering 10 facing away from the bedding layer 7. The bedding layer 7 is a conventional bedding layer 7, which consists essentially of a material mixture with a grain size of 0.1 mm to 5 mm.After the concrete blocks 1 have been laid in a bond pattern, the jointing material 6 is swept dry into the joints 5. The surface covering 10 is then compacted and, if necessary, re-grouting is carried out, i.e., more jointing material 6 is added to any joints 5 that are not yet completely filled. This process can be repeated after a certain period of time.

[0054] The jointing material 6 of the present embodiment consists of a mixture of a sand component, a fine component and an artificial molecular sieve, and thus also forms a filter layer for removing pollutants from the rainwater.

[0055] Based on Fig. Section 5 illustrates the infiltration or transport path of rainwater through the surface covering 10. Rainwater strikes the surface of the surface covering 10 on the first layer 2a of the concrete blocks 1 and preferably seeps through the joints 5 into the jointing material 6. Regardless, at least some of the infiltrating rainwater moving towards the bedding layer 7 passes from the jointing material 6 into the second layer 2b of the concrete blocks. This infiltration preferably occurs via the sides 2.3 and 2.4 of the concrete blocks adjacent to the jointing material 6. The infiltration or transport path of the rainwater is illustrated by way of example in Section 5. Fig.5 indicated by black arrows. At least some of the rainwater is directed to the integrated filter layer 3 via the second, at least partially water-permeable concrete block layer 2b. This layer filters out the pollutants contained in the rainwater, and the filtered rainwater is then discharged into the bedding layer 7 or the subsoil.

[0056] The production or manufacture of the concrete block 1 according to the invention with integrated filter layer 3 can be carried out using industrial manufacturing processes in which concrete blocks are produced, preferably in layers, i.e. several concrete blocks simultaneously in one layer, in a process-controlled and automated manner.

[0057] Initially, as part of the manufacturing process, a known concrete formwork for producing concrete blocks 1 is provided. After the formwork is provided, in a first step to produce the first layer of concrete blocks 2a, facing concrete material is placed into the formwork. In a second step to produce the water-permeable second layer of concrete blocks 2b, porous core concrete is additionally placed into the formwork. To produce the integrated filter layer 3 for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff, a natural and / or artificial molecular sieve is added section by section to the porous core concrete placed in the concrete formwork, distributed evenly across the entire cross-sectional area of ​​the concrete formwork.The mixture of natural and / or artificial molecular sieve and porous core concrete can also be prepared outside the concrete formwork, and the resulting mixture can then be evenly poured into the formwork. Preferably, this section of the poured concrete mixture then forms the underside 2.1 of the correspondingly manufactured concrete block 1.

[0058] In an alternative manufacturing variant, a third layer of concrete blocks 2c can be introduced into the concrete formwork by adding further open-pore core concrete, which preferably has a different composition compared to the second layer of concrete blocks 2b. The mixture of natural and / or artificial molecular sieve and open-pore core concrete can be introduced either in the second layer of concrete blocks 2b, in the third layer of concrete blocks 2c, or between the two layers 2b and 2c.

[0059] The concrete material is either pre-compacted in layers and / or compacted in a final layer. The concrete material contained in formwork is hardened after compaction, and the formwork is removed after hardening.

[0060] The concrete blocks 1 can subsequently undergo a surface treatment of the underside 2.1, by means of which the zeolites incorporated into the concrete material are at least partially freed from the adhering cement material. Preferably, surface treatments such as sandblasting or shot blasting are used. Preferably, the surface sections of the incorporated zeolites that are freely accessible from the outside, for example in the area of ​​the underside 2.1 and / or the sides 2.3, 2.4 of the concrete block, are treated.

[0061] The invention has been described above using exemplary embodiments. It is understood that numerous modifications and adaptations are possible without departing from the underlying inventive concept. Reference symbol list 1 concrete block 2 concrete block bodies 2a first layer of concrete blocks 2b second layer of concrete blocks 2c third layer of concrete blocks 2.1 Underside of concrete block 2.2 Concrete block top 2.3 Concrete block side 2.4 Concrete block side 3 filter layers 4 spacers 5 joints 6 Jointing material 7. Bedding layer 10 Surface covering The layer thickness of the first layer of concrete blocks DB layer thickness of the second concrete block layer DC layer thickness of the third concrete block layer Df layer thickness of the integrated filter layer H Total height of the concrete block MLA Central Longitudinal Axis LA Longitudinal axis

Claims

[1] Concrete block (1) in the form of a surface element that can be laid in a bonded manner for creating a surface covering, comprising at least one concrete block body (2) having several concrete block layers (2a, 2b, 2c) with at least one concrete block underside (2.1) suitable for laying on a bedding layer (7) of a substrate and a concrete block topside (2.2) opposite this, wherein the concrete block body (2) has at least a first concrete block layer (2a), a second concrete block layer (2b) immediately adjoining it which is at least partially water-permeable and a third concrete block layer (2c) adjoining it which is also at least partially water-permeable, wherein the third concrete block layer (2c) forms the concrete block underside (2.1) and wherein the concrete block body (2) has at least one extending along the concrete block underside (2.1) comprising an integrated filter layer (3) extending and formed in one piece with the concrete block body (2) for the removal of pollutants from stormwater runoff, which is formed by a natural and / or artificial molecular sieve, which is added section by section to at least one concrete material used for the production of the at least partially water-permeable concrete block layers (2b, 2c) for the production of the filter layer (3), . characterized by , that at least one integrated filter layer (3) is formed between the second and third concrete block layer (2b, 2c) or in the second and third concrete block layer (2b, 2c). [2] Concrete block (1) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the first layer of concrete blocks (2a) forming the top surface (2.1) consists of a dense facing concrete. [3] Concrete block (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the second layer of concrete blocks (2b) consists of porous core concrete. [4] Concrete block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the third layer of concrete blocks (2c) consists of porous core concrete or of a concrete material rich in gravel and / or sand. [5] Concrete block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the integrated filter layer (3) consists of a mixture of a concrete material and at least one natural or artificial molecular sieve, wherein the volume fraction of the natural or artificial molecular sieve is between 2% and 20% in relation to the total volume of the integrated filter layer (3). [6] Concrete block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by , that the second layer of concrete blocks (2b) arranged between the first and third layer of concrete blocks (2a, 2c) is designed to absorb and store water. [7] Concrete block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the natural and artificial molecular sieves are formed by natural or artificial zeolites having a grain size of 1.5 mm to 3 mm and a pore diameter between 3 Å and 10 Å, preferably 4 Å, 5 Å or 10 Å. [8] Concrete block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the natural molecular sieves are formed by natural zeolites, namely clinoptilolites. [9] Concrete block (1) according to claim 8, characterized by that the clinoptilolites are formed by clinoptilolite calcium with the chemical composition Ca3(Si 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O or by clinoptilolite-K with the chemical composition K6(Si 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O or by clinoptilolite sodium with the chemical composition Na6(Si 30 Al6)O 72 ·20H2O are formed. [10] Concrete block (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the integrated filter layer (3) has a layer thickness (Df) between 5 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm. [11] Concrete block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the concrete block (1) is manufactured in one piece or in one part and forms a monolithic concrete block (1). [12] Surface covering (10) comprising a plurality of multi-layer concrete blocks (1) laid in bond on a bedding layer (7) of a substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 11. [13] Surface covering (10) according to claim 12, characterized by , that the concrete block body (2) has several concrete block sides (2.3, 2.4) which, via joints (5) and jointing material (6) incorporated therein, form an inlet path for rainwater into the second water-permeable concrete block layer (2b) of the concrete blocks (1). [14] Surface covering (10) according to claim 13, characterized by, that the jointing material (6) consists of a mixture of a grit- and / or sand-like component, a fine component and an artificial molecular sieve for removing pollutants from the rainwater.

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