Pressure vessel with an interior and method for producing a pressure vessel

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure vessel (1) with an interior space (30), in particular for storing hydrogen, comprising a vessel wall (12) which has or consists of a composite material unit (14, 22, 26) with reinforcing fibers (16) and a thermoplastic matrix (18), wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers (16) are removable as continuous fibers, in particular in a non-destructive manner, so that the composite material unit is reusable.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a pressure vessel having an interior space, in particular for storing hydrogen, and to a method for producing a pressure vessel, in particular a recyclable pressure vessel, having an interior space, in particular for storing hydrogen.

[0002] Pressure vessels are generally known. Pressure vessels are categorized into different types. Type 1 refers to an all-metal pressure vessel. Type 2 refers to a pressure vessel with a metal liner with fiber winding to reinforce the cylindrical vessel section. A liner is generally understood to be a hollow body for forming an interior space of the pressure vessel. Type 3 refers to a pressure vessel with a metal liner with essentially complete fiber winding for reinforcement. Type 4 refers to a pressure vessel with a plastic liner with complete fiber winding for reinforcement. Type 5 refers to pressure vessels without a liner but with the entire vessel wall formed by fiber winding.

[0003] Pressure vessels are used for a variety of applications and in a variety of sizes. Due to the growing importance of alternative drive technologies for vehicles, pressure vessels are increasingly being used in mobile applications or for the transport of gases. To meet the high safety requirements of mobile applications and transport, pressure vessels with fiber-reinforced walls are primarily used for these applications. Furthermore, pressure vessels with fiber-reinforced walls generally offer the advantage of low weight, enabling a longer vehicle range in mobile applications and transport. Furthermore, the high strength of pressure vessels with fiber-reinforced walls enables a high energy storage density, meaning that vehicles with such a pressure vessel used as a fuel tank have a longer range.

[0004] The large number of pressure vessels to be manufactured in this way makes recyclability a priority. To date, pressure vessels made of thermosetting fiber-reinforced plastics have predominantly been used for hydrogen applications, for example, because they are simple to manufacture using established processes. Forming pressure vessels made of thermosetting fiber-reinforced plastics is generally not possible after curing.

[0005] Recycling processes for such pressure vessels are essentially limited to at least partially destroying the material mechanically, thermally, and / or chemically. One possibility, in particular, is to mechanically shred the pressure vessel in hammer mills or cutting mills, for example, by chopping it. The quality and homogeneity of the recyclate are generally reduced by mechanical shredding, as the fibers are inconsistent and shortened in shape and length.

[0006] Thermal recycling processes include incineration of the material for energy recovery and the decomposition of the matrix plastic through pyrolysis. The matrix plastic is essentially completely dissolved in these processes. The properties of the fibers are impaired compared to their initial state, making these fibers suitable only for applications with lower requirements.

[0007] In chemical recycling processes, the matrix plastic is removed through solvolysis using solvents. The energy consumption is lower than in thermal recycling processes, but the process requires costly reactors and catalysts.

[0008] An alternative to the use of thermosetting fiber-reinforced plastics is the use of thermoplastic fiber-reinforced plastics, which have different properties. Components made of thermoplastic fiber-reinforced plastics are also typically recycled by shredding, although the resulting material has impaired mechanical properties compared to the original material.

[0009] DE 10 2016 117 559 A1 describes a method and device for recycling thermoplastic fiber composite materials. This method involves removing the thermoplastic fiber composite material layer by layer from a component and obtaining it as recyclate. This method may also involve heating the fiber composite material to facilitate removal. Application of this method has shown that it is complex for components with a large number of fiber composite materials applied in layers. In particular, the start-up process can only be automated to a limited extent on surfaces with restricted access or with highly curved surfaces. In particular, the time required for recycling and the manual effort involved reduce the efficiency of the process.

[0010] DE 10 2017 220 882 A1 discloses a pressure vessel for storing fuel with at least one fiber-reinforced layer enclosing a fuel storage volume.

[0011] The publication "Research Project: Tankcycling - Recovery of Continuous Fiber Semi-Finished Products from Lightweight Pressure Vessels. ERDF Project / Project Start / July 1, 2019. URL: https: / / www.ipt.fraunhofer.de / de / projekte / tankcycling.html [accessed on April 1, 2022]" discloses processes for recycling thermoplastic fiber-reinforced plastics using pressure vessels as an example.

[0012] The dissertation by Christ, Timo Klaus reveals computational and experimental investigations into the failure behavior of CFRP-wrapped cryogenic pressure vessels.

[0013] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a pressure vessel with an interior space, in particular for storing hydrogen, and a method for producing a pressure vessel with an interior space, which reduce or eliminate one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a solution that enables the recycling of a pressure vessel with minimal effort. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide an alternative for a recyclable pressure vessel.

[0014] This object is achieved with a pressure vessel and a method according to the features of the independent patent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of these aspects are specified in the respective dependent patent claims. The features listed individually in the patent claims and the description can be combined with one another in any technologically expedient manner, with further embodiments of the invention being demonstrated.

[0015] According to a first aspect, the object is achieved by a pressure vessel having an interior space, comprising a vessel wall which has or consists of a composite material unit with reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic matrix, wherein the composite material unit is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers are removable as continuous fibers, in particular non-destructively, so that the composite material unit is reusable.

[0016] The invention is based on the finding that the reusability or recyclability of thermoplastic fiber composites can be improved through component-specific recycling properties. In particular, the aforementioned high time expenditure and limited automation potential of the start-up process on surfaces with limited access or with highly curved surfaces can be reduced by using a pressure vessel whose composite material unit is arranged and designed in such a way that the reinforcing fibers of the composite material unit can be removed as continuous fibers.

[0017] Furthermore, the invention is based on the finding that the recycling rate can be increased with such a pressure vessel. The inventors have discovered that the mechanical forces required for the recycling process, as well as the high temperatures, can be reduced with such a pressure vessel. Furthermore, no reactors are required for chemical recycling processes.

[0018] The pressure vessel enables high-quality recycling. The recyclates obtained from this pressure vessel can be reused for the manufacture of high-quality products made from continuous fiber semi-finished products. This makes the recycled material obtained from pressure vessels at the end of their life cycle usable for reuse in existing manufacturing processes, saving energy and costs in material production. A pressure vessel designed in this way, or the composite material unit encompassed by the pressure vessel, is advantageously recyclable or reusable, among other things, because the solid structure of the composite material unit can be dissolved by removing the reinforcing fibers and at least partially removing the thermoplastic matrix.

[0019] The existing similarity of the material properties to those of new semi-finished products thus enables the use of fiber-reinforced plastics in the spirit of the circular economy for the first time. In particular, a pressure vessel designed in this way, as explained in more detail below, can be recycled after its use, and the processed materials can be reused.

[0020] The pressure vessel is a reusable pressure vessel, in particular for storing fluid, preferably a gas, in particular hydrogen, preferably liquid gas, in particular liquid hydrogen. The pressure vessel has an interior space, which is designed in particular for storing hydrogen, preferably liquid hydrogen. The interior space can also be understood as a hollow space. The interior space can have one, two, or more openings through which a fluid can be introduced or discharged.

[0021] The pressure vessel comprises the vessel wall. The vessel wall at least partially encloses the interior. The vessel wall is preferably arranged and configured to allow a nominal pressure of greater than or equal to 100 bar, greater than or equal to 200 bar, greater than or equal to 350 bar, or greater than or equal to 700 bar. A hollow body, explained in more detail below, can be arranged between the vessel wall and the interior. The vessel wall comprises or consists of the composite material unit.

[0022] The composite material unit comprises reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic matrix. The composite material unit can be, for example, a thermoplastic tape. The composite material unit can be, for example, a composite material band that is ribbon- and / or thread-shaped. Furthermore, the reinforcing fibers and the thermoplastic matrix can be individually fed into the composite material unit and bonded together during the manufacture of the pressure vessel.

[0023] The reinforcing fibers can be, for example, carbon fibers or glass fibers. Carbon fibers and glass fibers have the advantage of being thermally stable at the melting temperature of thermoplastic matrices. Furthermore, other reinforcing fibers known to those skilled in the art can also be used, such as polymeric fibers. The composite material unit is, in particular, a processed thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product with continuous fibers. The continuous fibers of the thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product are preferably arranged and / or aligned unidirectionally. Furthermore, additional fiber orientations of the continuous fibers of the thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product that deviate from the unidirectional arrangement and / or alignment can also be provided. The thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product is also referred to as a UD tape.The composite material unit preferably has a fiber volume content which is further preferably more than 30%, more than 40%, in particular more than 50%.

[0024] The composite material unit is arranged and configured such that the reinforcing fibers are removable as continuous fibers. This ensures that the reinforcing fibers are almost completely present in high quality after removal. Continuous fibers are understood to mean, in particular, reinforcing fibers that have a length of more than 50 mm, more than 100 mm, more than 1 m, more than 10 m, more than 100 m, or more than 1000 m. The fact that the reinforcing fibers are removable as continuous fibers can mean, for example, that the reinforcing fibers are essentially non-destructively removable.

[0025] The reusable nature of the composite material unit means, in particular, that the reinforcing fibers and, in part, the thermoplastic matrix can be removed in such a way that they are subsequently reusable. This may include rolling the reusable composite material unit or adding matrix material to it.

[0026] It is further preferred that the composite material unit itself be arranged so that it can be removed, so that essentially the reinforcing fibers and the plastic matrix are removable. It is particularly preferred that the plastic matrix be completely or partially removed non-destructively with the reinforcing fibers, so that the composite material unit itself is essentially non-destructively removable. Essentially non-destructively removable means, for example, that more than 20%, more than 30%, more than 40%, or more than 50% of the reinforcing fibers are present as continuous fibers after removal.

[0027] The pressure vessel can also be designed to store natural gas. The pressure vessel can also be designed to store compressed air. Furthermore, it is preferred that the pressure vessel be intended for mobile applications on the road, rail, in aviation, or for stationary applications and transport.

[0028] The composite material unit can be processed into the container wall, for example, using an additive winding process. In the additive winding process, the layers of the composite material unit can be consolidated both during winding, i.e., in-situ, and / or subsequently. Furthermore, the reinforcing fiber and the plastic matrix can be combined to form the composite material unit during component production.

[0029] A preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel is characterized in that the composite material unit is arranged and designed such that the thermoplastic matrix with the reinforcing fibers is removable. A pressure vessel designed in this way has the advantage that the composite material unit can be removed essentially non-destructively, so that it can, for example, be wound up and subsequently reused to manufacture a component, such as a pressure vessel. Therefore, no separation of the reinforcing fibers and the plastic matrix is ​​required. This enables a particularly high degree of recycling of the pressure vessel, and minimal effort is required to reprocess the removed composite material unit.

[0030] In particular, good adhesion between the reinforcing fibers and the plastic matrix of the composite material unit advantageously influences the removal of the composite material unit.

[0031] A further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel provides that the composite material unit extends from an arrangement start to an arrangement end and that a detachment section of the composite material unit adjacent to the arrangement end is arranged and / or designed to be detachable.

[0032] The composite material unit is arranged, in particular, with the arrangement beginning first, then with a section between the arrangement beginning and the arrangement end, and finally with the arrangement end. In a wound pressure vessel, the arrangement beginning is, for example, the winding beginning, and the arrangement end is the winding end. The arrangement beginning is preferably spaced closer to the interior space in a radial direction of the pressure vessel than the arrangement end.

[0033] The detachment section is, in particular, arranged and / or configured to be detachable without causing damage. The detachment section is, in particular, arranged and / or configured to be detachable from a substrate, which may, for example, be a composite material unit, the composite material unit, or a hollow body. Detachably arranged and / or configured means, in particular, that the detachment section can be detachable from the substrate with less force and / or less effort than the remaining composite material unit.

[0034] A defined detachment section allows the composite material unit to be easily grasped, simplifying detachment. In particular, the gusset area, which is thus advantageously accessible, can be mechanically and / or thermally influenced.

[0035] In a further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, it is provided that the release section has a strength-reducing release layer on a side of the composite material unit facing the interior.

[0036] The release layer can, for example, consist of or comprise a material different from the material of the composite material unit. The material of the release layer can, for example, be plastic. Furthermore, the intermediate layer can comprise or consist of a fiber composite material that has a higher matrix material content than the composite material unit. Furthermore, it is preferred that the release layer comprise additional elements, for example, nanoparticles and / or short fibers.

[0037] In a further preferred development of the pressure vessel, the detachment section is partially consolidated, so that a bonding strength, in particular a shear strength, of the detachment section is lower than a bonding strength of a consolidated section of the composite material unit. The partial consolidation of the detachment section can be achieved, for example, by a lower temperature, a lower pressure, and / or a higher speed during the production of the pressure vessel.

[0038] The bond strength of the partially consolidated detachment section can preferably be between 5 MPa and 30 MPa, for example 20 MPa, and the bond strength of the consolidated section can preferably be between 30 MPa and 80 MPa, for example 50 MPa. The bond strength, preferably the shear strength, relates in particular to the strength of the detachment section with a substrate.

[0039] The substrate is, for example, a section of another or the composite material unit located beneath the release section. A release section of this type can be created directly during manufacturing, and essentially no additional process steps and / or materials are required.

[0040] A further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel is characterized in that the detachment section extends from the arrangement end with a detachment extension, and the detachment extension is more than 1 millimeter, more than 2 millimeters, more than 5 millimeters, more than 10 millimeters and / or less than 100 millimeters, less than 50 millimeters, less than 25 millimeters, less than 15 millimeters, less than 10 millimeters.

[0041] It is further preferred that the pressure vessel comprises two or more, preferably a plurality of, composite material units, each with an assembly end. The length of a single composite material unit can be, for example, 100 meters to 2000 meters. It is particularly preferred that the pressure vessel has 5 to 15, for example, 10, composite material units. Thus, preferably, 20-150 layers, in particular 50-100 layers, can be formed one above the other. It is further preferred that the composite material unit is a composite material web.

[0042] In a further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, the latter comprises a cylindrical vessel section with a cylinder circumferential direction, wherein a first composite material unit is arranged along the cylinder circumferential direction of the vessel section and / or a second composite material unit is arranged at an angle, in particular orthogonally, to the cylinder circumferential direction.

[0043] Along the cylinder circumferential direction means, in particular, that a main extension direction or a longitudinal direction of the first composite material unit is aligned substantially parallel to the cylinder circumferential direction. "Substantially" can mean, for example, that there is a degree deviation of less than 15 degrees, less than 10 degrees, less than 5 degrees, or less than 2.5 degrees between the main extension direction or longitudinal direction of the first composite material unit and the cylinder circumferential direction. This deviation can also be defined by the winding angle, with a degree deviation of 10 degrees corresponding to a winding angle of 80 degrees. The second composite material unit can, for example, be a cross-layer and / or a local reinforcement layer.

[0044] The pressure vessel preferably has a first dome section. Furthermore, it is preferred that the pressure vessel has a second dome section. The cylindrical vessel section is preferably arranged between the first dome section and the second dome section. In a preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, the second composite material unit wraps around the cylindrical vessel section, the first dome section, and the second dome section.

[0045] According to a further preferred development of the pressure vessel, it is provided that more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 90%, in particular more than 95% of the arrangement ends are arranged within the cylindrical vessel section.

[0046] Within the cylindrical container section specifically means that the assembly ends are adjacent to the cylindrical container section and, in particular, are not located within the dome sections. The assembly ends are thus more easily accessible for removing the composite material units and, moreover, are located outside the areas with complex stress states and geometric changes that typically occur in the dome sections.

[0047] Furthermore, it is preferred that the assembly ends be substantially uniformly distributed along a vessel surface of the pressure vessel and / or in the cylindrical vessel section. "Substantially uniformly distributed" means, for example, that the assembly ends are substantially equally spaced from one another in the direction of the vessel surface. It is particularly preferred that the assembly ends be arranged at different positions on the vessel surface, particularly in the cylindrical vessel section.

[0048] According to a further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, it is provided that it comprises a hollow body, in particular a liner, forming the interior, wherein the composite material unit or units is / are arranged on an outer side of the hollow body and / or the composite material unit faces the outer side with an underside. Such a pressure vessel can be manufactured with particularly low expenditure.

[0049] According to a further aspect, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a method for producing a pressure vessel, in particular a recyclable pressure vessel, with an interior, in particular for storing fluid, for example hydrogen, preferably liquid hydrogen, in particular a pressure vessel according to one of the embodiments described above, comprising the step of: producing a vessel wall with a composite material unit with reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic matrix, wherein the composite material unit is arranged and formed in such a way that the reinforcing fibers can be removed without destruction.

[0050] The method is, in particular, an additive winding method. The method preferably comprises in-situ consolidation of the composite material unit by applying force and / or heat. Furthermore, the additive winding method may comprise partial consolidation of the composite material unit, with the partially consolidated composite material unit subsequently being consolidated. The subsequent consolidation may, for example, take place in a pressurized environment with thermal influence, in particular in an autoclave.

[0051] A preferred embodiment of the method provides that the composite material unit has an assembly end, wherein the method comprises the steps of: detecting an assembly end position of the assembly end on the pressure vessel and generating and providing data characterizing the assembly end position. The assembly end position of the assembly end can be determined, for example, relative to a reference point on the pressure vessel.

[0052] It is preferred that a separation section be formed adjacent to the assembly end. In particular, it is preferred that the separation section be partially consolidated so that it has a reduced connection strength.

[0053] Further preferably, the method comprises the step of performing path planning to plan directions in which the composite material unit is arranged.

[0054] Furthermore, it is preferred that the method comprises the step of detecting a temperature, a pressure, tape properties and / or consolidation properties, and generating and providing data characterizing one, two or more of the aforementioned parameters.

[0055] A further preferred embodiment of the method provides for the composite material unit to be arranged with an arrangement direction, comprising the steps of: detecting the arrangement direction of the composite material unit and generating and providing data characterizing the arrangement direction. The arrangement direction is at least substantially identical to the fiber direction or the fiber orientation. The data characterizing the arrangement direction and / or the final arrangement position can be provided, for example, to a CAD and / or CAM system.

[0056] Preferably, the pressure vessel has a plurality of arrangement end positions and / or arrangement directions, wherein the method comprises the step of: generating and providing data characterizing the arrangement end positions and / or the arrangement directions.

[0057] A further preferred development of the method comprises the step of generating a digital image of the pressure vessel based on data characterizing the final arrangement position or the arrangement positions and / or based on data characterizing the arrangement direction or the arrangement directions. The digital image can also be generated based on data characterizing a pressure vessel geometry of the pressure vessel. Such a digital image can also be referred to as a digital twin. The digital image represents, in particular, a geometry, one, two, or more dimensions of the pressure vessel, and / or the final arrangement positions. Furthermore, the digital image can represent one, two, or more arrangement directions.

[0058] It is further preferred that the method comprises the step of aligning the pressure vessel such that a predetermined arrangement direction can be realized.

[0059] A further preferred embodiment of the method provides that a plurality of composite material units are arranged, each with an arrangement end, wherein preferably adjacent arrangement ends are arranged next to one another.

[0060] According to a further aspect, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a computer-implemented method for a digital image of a pressure vessel, comprising the steps of: receiving data characterizing a pressure vessel geometry, an arrangement final position, an arrangement direction, manufacturing parameters and / or machine parameters recorded during manufacture of the pressure vessel, and generating the digital image based on the data characterizing the pressure vessel geometry, the arrangement final position, the arrangement direction, the manufacturing parameters and / or machine parameters recorded during manufacture of the pressure vessel.

[0061] According to a further aspect, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a processor, cause the processor to carry out the steps of the computer-implemented method according to the aspect mentioned above.

[0062] The computer-implemented method is preferably executed by a device with the processor, wherein the device in particular further comprises a transceiver and a memory. The processor may comprise a hardware module, which may be a logic device, an IC, an ASCI, an FPGA, a processing unit, or the like. The processor may be a CPU or an integrated circuit in the form of a microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0063] The hardware module may further comprise a memory. The memory may be a non-volatile memory. The memory may be configured to store data that the memory receives from the processor and / or the transceiver. A computer program product according to the previously described aspect may be stored on the memory. The transceiver may be an interface configured to send data to and / or receive data from a computer, a mobile device, a local or external network, and / or a cloud.

[0064] According to a further aspect, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a computer-readable data carrier on which the computer program product according to the aspect mentioned in the foregoing is stored.

[0065] According to a further aspect, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a digital image of a pressure vessel obtained by a computer-implemented method according to the aspect mentioned above.

[0066] The method and its possible further developments have features or process steps that make them particularly suitable for use in the production of a pressure vessel described above. The process steps can also be partially or completely carried out as computer-implemented process steps in the computer-implemented process.

[0067] For further advantages, design variants and design details of the further aspect and its possible further developments, reference is also made to the previous description of the corresponding features and further developments of the pressure vessel.

[0068] Preferred embodiments are explained using the accompanying figures. They show: Fig. 1: a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a pressure vessel; Fig. 2: a schematic, two-dimensional sectional view of a detail of the Fig. 1 pressure vessel shown; Fig. 3: a schematic, two-dimensional detailed view of a detachment section; Fig. 4: a schematic representation of a device with a processor; and Fig. 5: a schematic representation of an exemplary process.

[0069] In the figures, identical or essentially functionally identical or similar elements are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0070] The Fig. The pressure vessel 1 shown in Figure 1 extends from a first vessel end 2 to a second vessel end 4 in the longitudinal direction L. Adjacent to the first vessel end 2, the pressure vessel 1 has a first dome section 6, and adjacent to the second vessel end 4, the pressure vessel 1 has a second dome section 8. Between the first dome section 6 and the second dome section 8, the pressure vessel 1 has a cylindrical vessel section 10.

[0071] The pressure vessel 1 has a Fig. 2, which is essentially surrounded by a container wall 12. The container wall is shown only schematically in order to illustrate the arrangement of three exemplary composite material units 14, 22, 26.

[0072] The first composite material unit 14 is aligned along the cylinder circumferential direction U of the cylindrical container section 10. The second composite material unit 22 and the third composite material unit 26 are arranged at an angle to the first composite material unit 14.

[0073] Typically, substantially the entire container wall 12 is formed by composite material units 14, 22, 26. The cylindrical container section 10 is at least partially formed by the first composite material unit 14. The first composite material unit 14 comprises reinforcing fibers 16, in particular continuous reinforcing fibers, and a thermoplastic matrix 18, each of which is shown schematically. The first composite material unit 14 is arranged and configured such that the reinforcing fibers 16 can be removed without causing damage.

[0074] The first composite material unit 14 extends from a first assembly end 20 to a first assembly beginning. During the manufacture of the pressure vessel 1, the first composite material unit 14 was arranged starting with the first assembly beginning and then wrapped around the cylindrical vessel section 10. The last arranged end of the first composite material unit 14 is the first assembly end 20.

[0075] The second composite material unit 22 with the second arrangement end 24 is designed as a cross-layer that wraps around the dome sections 6, 8 and the cylindrical container section 10. The third composite material unit 26 with the third arrangement end 28 is designed as a local reinforcement layer in a highly stressed area of ​​the dome section 6.

[0076] Fig. Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the pressure vessel 1, with the longitudinal direction L oriented orthogonally to the image plane and the cylinder circumferential direction U oriented along the main extension direction of the first composite material unit 14. It is clear that the composite material units 14, 22, 26 are arranged on a hollow body 32, also referred to as a liner. The hollow body 32 is not absolutely necessary for forming the pressure vessel 1. For example, a pressure vessel 1 designed as a type 5 does not have a hollow body 32.

[0077] Furthermore, the specific configuration of the first assembly end 20 is illustrated. Adjacent to the first assembly end 20 is a detachment section 34 of the first composite material unit 14. The detachment section 34 is particularly arranged and configured such that it can be removed without causing damage.

[0078] The release section 34 extends from the first arrangement end 20 to the section end 36. A release layer 38 is arranged between the release section 34 and an underlying composite material unit. The release layer 38 can be, for example, a plastic that prevents a firm connection between the release section 34 and the underlying substrate, in particular a composite material unit, or reduces the connection strength.

[0079] In Fig. Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the release section 34, with the loose end 35 of the composite material unit 14 arranged above the release layer 38. In addition to or as an alternative to the release layer 38, the release section 34 may be partially consolidated.

[0080] Fig. 4 shows a device 50 for carrying out a computer-implemented method for a digital image of a pressure vessel 1, comprising the steps of: receiving data characterizing a pressure vessel geometry, a final arrangement position, an arrangement direction, manufacturing parameters acquired during manufacture of the pressure vessel 1, and / or machine parameters, and generating the digital image based on the data characterizing the pressure vessel geometry, the final arrangement position, the arrangement direction, the manufacturing parameters acquired during manufacture of the pressure vessel 1, and / or machine parameters. For this purpose, the device 50 comprises a processor 52 for executing the steps of the computer-implemented method. The memory 54 can be configured to store data that the memory 54 receives from the processor and / or a transceiver 56.

[0081] Fig.Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary method. In step 100, a container wall 12 is produced with a composite material unit 14, 22, 26 with reinforcing fibers 16 and a thermoplastic matrix 18. The composite material unit 14, 22, 26 is arranged and formed such that the reinforcing fibers 16 can be removed without damage.

[0082] Essentially simultaneously, in step 102, an end position of the assembly ends 20, 24, 28 on the pressure vessel 1 is detected. In step 104, data characterizing the end positions of the assembly are generated and provided.

[0083] In step 106, preferably also in parallel with one or more of the steps described above, an arrangement direction of the composite material unit 14, 22, 26 is detected, and data characterizing the arrangement direction is generated and provided. In step 108, further composite material units are preferably arranged to create a desired thickness of the container wall 12.

[0084] The pressure vessel 1 described above has the particular advantage of being particularly easy to recycle. Because the composite material units 14, 22, 26 are arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers 16, as continuous fibers, and optionally the thermoplastic matrix, can be removed without damage, the composite material units 14, 22, 26 can be removed from the pressure vessel 1 particularly easily.

[0085] Thus, the time required to recycle a pressure vessel 1 is significantly reduced and the manual effort is reduced, allowing the degree of automation to be increased. In particular, the provision of detachable assembly ends 20, 24, 28 in the form of detachable sections 34 enables a more easily recycled pressure vessel 1. Furthermore, the detection and provision of the assembly ends 20, 24, 28 provides the possibility of providing the positions of the assembly ends 20, 24, 28 from a data storage device during the recycling of the pressure vessel 1. REFERENCE SYMBOL 1 pressure vessel 2 first container end 4 second container end 6 first cathedral section 8 second cathedral section 10 cylindrical container section 12 Container wall 13 Container surface 14 first composite material unit 16 reinforcing fibers 18 thermoplastic plastic matrix 20 first order end 22 second composite material unit 24 second order end 26 third composite material unit 28 third order end 30 Interior 32 hollow bodies 34 Replacement section 35 loose end of the composite material unit 36 End of section 38 release layer 50 device 52 processor 54 storage 56 transceivers L longitudinal direction U Cylinder circumferential direction

Claims

[1] Pressure vessel (1) with an interior (30), in particular for storing hydrogen, comprising - a container wall (12) comprising or consisting of a composite material unit (14, 22, 26) with reinforcing fibres (16) and a thermoplastic matrix (18), - wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers (16) can be removed as continuous fibers, in particular non-destructively, so that the composite material unit is reusable, - characterized by that the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) extends from an arrangement start to an arrangement end (20, 24, 28), and a detachable section (34) of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) adjacent to the arrangement end (20, 24, 28) is arranged and / or designed to be detachable, - wherein the detachment section (34) has a strength-reducing detachment layer (38) on a side of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) facing the interior space (30) or the detachment section (34) is partially consolidated, so that a connection strength of the detachment section (34) is lower than a connection strength of a consolidated section of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26), - wherein the detachment portion (34) extends from the assembly end (20, 24, 28) with a detachment extension and the detachment extension is less than 50 mm. [2] Pressure vessel (1) according to claim 1, wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and designed such that the thermoplastic matrix (18) with the reinforcing fibers (16) is removable. [3] Pressure vessel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the detachment extension is more than 1 mm, more than 2 mm, more than 5 mm, more than 10 mm and / or less than 25 mm, less than 15 mm, less than 10 mm. [4] Pressure vessel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - comprising two or more, preferably a plurality of, composite material units (14, 22, 26) each having an assembly end (20, 24, 28), and / or - wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is a composite material web, in particular a processed prepreg. [5] Pressure vessel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising - a cylindrical container section (10) with a cylinder circumferential direction (U), - wherein a first composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged along the cylinder circumferential direction (U) of the cylindrical container section (10) and a second composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged at an angle, in particular orthogonally, to the cylinder circumferential direction (U). [6] Pressure vessel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 90%, in particular more than 95% of the arrangement ends (20, 24, 28) are arranged within the cylindrical vessel section (10). [7] Pressure vessel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the arrangement ends (20, 24, 28) are evenly distributed along a vessel surface (13) of the pressure vessel (1). [8] Pressure vessel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a hollow body (32) forming the interior (30), in particular a liner, wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) or the composite material units (14, 22, 26) is or are arranged on an outer side of the hollow body (32). [9] Method for producing a pressure vessel (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1-8, comprising the step: - producing a container wall (12) with a composite material unit (14, 22, 26) with reinforcing fibers (16) and a thermoplastic matrix (18), - wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers (16) can be removed as continuous fibers, in particular non-destructively. [10] A method according to the preceding claim 9, wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) has an assembly end (20, 24, 28), comprising the steps of: - detecting an arrangement end position of the arrangement end (20, 24, 28) on the pressure vessel (1), and - Generating and providing data characterizing the final arrangement position. [11] Method according to one of the preceding claims 9-10, wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged with an arrangement direction, comprising the steps: - detecting the arrangement direction of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26), and - Generating and providing data characterizing the arrangement direction. [12] Method according to one of the preceding claims 10-11, comprising the step: - Generating a digital image of the pressure vessel based on data characterizing the final arrangement position and / or based on data characterizing the arrangement direction. [13] Method according to one of the preceding claims 10-12, wherein a plurality of composite material units (14, 22, 26) are arranged, each having an assembly end (20, 24, 28), wherein preferably adjacent assembly ends (20, 24, 28) are arranged next to one another. [14] A computer-implemented method for a digital image of a pressure vessel according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8, comprising the steps of: - receiving data characterizing a pressure vessel geometry and a final assembly position of a pressure vessel manufactured by a method according to one of the preceding claims 9-13, and - Generating the digital image of the pressure vessel produced by a method according to any one of the preceding claims 9-13 based on the data characterizing the pressure vessel geometry and the final assembly position. [15] A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor (52), cause the processor (52) to perform the steps of the computer-implemented method according to claim 14. [16] A computer-readable data carrier on which the computer program product according to claim 15 is stored.

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