Overhead line monitoring methods and measuring devices

Abstract

The invention relates to an overhead line monitoring method in which an operating state of an overhead line is characterized metrologically in order to keep the operating state of the overhead line within a predefinable permissible range depending on weather influences by regulating an energy feed-in into the overhead line and at the same time to maximize an energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state, comprising the steps: • Generation of evaluable measurements depending on wind speeds v i at a plurality n of measuring points i=1...n along an overhead line, in particular at locations where overhead line masts are erected, wherein ◯ Wind energy at a measuring point i is converted into a rotational movement of a rotor (2) of a sensor (1), ◯ the rotational movement is converted into a periodic, local deformation of at least one optical waveguide (3) running parallel to the overhead line at the measuring point i, • Calculation of wind speeds v i at the n measuring points by evaluating periodic changes in signal attenuation caused by deformation in the optical waveguide (3) • Assessment of the operating condition of the overhead line based on wind speeds v i . The invention further relates to a measuring transmitter for generating an evaluable measured quantity as a function of wind speed.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an overhead line monitoring method in which the operating state of an overhead line is characterized by measurement technology. The method maintains the operating state of the overhead line within a predefined permissible range depending on weather conditions by controlling the energy feed into the overhead line, while simultaneously maximizing the energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state. The invention also relates to a sensor for generating an analyzable measured value as a function of wind speed.

[0002] The application of Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) enables grid operators to dynamically adjust the rated power of high-voltage overhead lines by collecting and analyzing ambient weather data such as outside temperature and wind speed and to use them well above their static transport limits.

[0003] The current challenges can be summarized as follows: - significantly larger power transports via existing systems - more frequent and stronger localized weather stress due to temperature and wind - Existing systems are mostly 40 years old or older - linear and large-scale infrastructure, especially for 380 kV double and multi-system lines - linear infrastructure is located in visible and publicly accessible space - permanent changes in intersection situations in public spaces.

[0004] This justifies the need to record conductor and weather conditions. To date, this has been done using electronic systems that rely on a stable power supply and must ensure secure data transmission over public networks.

[0005] The determination of the wind conditions in combination with the temperature measurement enables the knowledge of the current conductor current I LS and taking into account the time- and day-dependent sun altitude H S the calculation of the possible current increase and the conductor temperature.

[0006] Using these parameters, the different sources of heat absorption and dissipation on the conductor cable can be calculated (convection P C , Joule heat P J , solar radiation P S and thermal radiation P R ), which ultimately results in the conductor temperature ϑ HLand thus the current carrying capacity can be derived. The effective wind speed plays a key role here, as precise knowledge of cooling convection has a significantly greater impact on the DLR than moderate temperature changes. However, recording this is significantly more difficult, as volatility can be much higher and individual measurements provide little insight into the entire length.

[0007] Established measurement systems capture one or more of these parameters directly and indirectly. They can be roughly divided into the following categories: - statistical methods: Use of historical weather data - continuous-time measuring methods in or on the line: Weather stations LIDAR-based measurement methods Measuring systems on main conductors

[0008] Aside from the statistical procedures, these DLR systems require an external power supply. Installing these systems requires considerable effort, sometimes even requiring the temporary shutdown of power circuits during installation and maintenance. Since these devices typically transmit their data over public telecommunications networks, network operators also face additional attack vectors for cyberattacks. On the other hand, weather models lack the real-world verification of environmental variables, which remains essential. To avoid these problems, fiber optic technologies can be used and integrated into the existing fiber optic infrastructure of the transmission networks.

[0009] WO 2021 / 207093 A1 proposes an anemometer that is attached directly to a utility mast. Its rotation generates mechanical oscillations / vibrations, which are then transmitted to the mast and thus indirectly to the fiber optic cable. These vibrations are then detected using DFOS (Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing) technology. Since vibrations of the mast and the fiber optic cable can ultimately be caused by a variety of causes, not least the wind itself, this type of wind speed measurement is highly inaccurate.

[0010] The invention is based on the object of providing an overhead line monitoring method and a measuring transducer that enable the operating state of an overhead line to be characterized by measurement technology in order to maintain the operating state of the overhead line within a predefined permissible range depending on weather influences by regulating the energy feed into the overhead line, while simultaneously maximizing the energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state. In doing so, one or more of the following objectives should be achieved: the highest possible transmission capacity of the circuits, low safety margins orSafety reserves, high operational reliability and public safety, continuous, if possible spatially resolved evaluation, low electrical power consumption for the measurement technology, permanent accessibility of the monitoring technology, verifiability of the measurement results, low installation effort.

[0011] The problem is solved in terms of the method by the features of independent patent claim 1 and in terms of the device by the features of independent patent claim 7. Further expedient embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent patent claims.

[0012] To solve this problem, an overhead line monitoring method is proposed in which the operating state of an overhead line is characterized by measurement technology in order to keep the operating state of the overhead line within a predeterminable permissible range depending on weather influences by controlling the energy feed into the overhead line and at the same time to maximize the energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state.

[0013] According to the invention, the first step is to generate evaluable measured values ​​as a function of wind speeds v i at a plurality n of measuring points i=1...n along an overhead line, in particular at the installation sites of overhead line masts.

[0014] To generate the evaluable measured values, wind energy is converted at a measuring point i into a rotary movement of a rotor of a measuring sensor, with an angular velocity ω ithe rotational movement proportional to the wind speed v i is.

[0015] The conversion of wind energy into a rotary movement is carried out in particular by a rotatably mounted rotor, such as a half-shell anemometer, a vane anemometer, a wind turbine or a similar suitable device.

[0016] The rotational movement is converted into a periodic, local deformation of at least one optical fiber running parallel to the overhead line at the measuring point i, with a deformation frequency f i the deformation proportional to the angular velocity ω i the rotational movement.

[0017] The optical fiber is, in particular, an optical fiber in an optical ground wire (OPGW). Alternatively, the deformation of an optical fiber can occur in an optical phase conductor (OPPC). Both OPWG and (although less frequently) OPPC are already installed on most overhead lines for information transmission, so existing infrastructure can be advantageously used to implement the method according to the invention.

[0018] The periodic, local deformation of at least one optical fiber is a mechanical influence on the optical fiber and, as such, produces an attenuation of the signals transmitted through the optical fiber. Pressure-induced bending losses lead to transmission changes in the optical fiber, i.e., a fiber optic effect is exploited in which a significant, locally limited increase in attenuation can be observed due to the bending of an optical fiber. The generated periodic attenuation change is preferably detected by an optical level measurement system consisting of a transmitter and receiver.

[0019] According to the invention, following the generation of evaluable measured values, the wind speeds v are calculated iat the n measuring points by evaluating periodic changes in a signal attenuation in the optical fiber caused by the deformation using the proportionality factors between the wind speeds v i and the angular velocities ω i and between the angular velocities ω i and the deformation frequencies f i .

[0020] Finally, according to the invention, the operating condition of the overhead line is assessed based on the wind speeds v i .

[0021] Preferably, the deformation of one or more optical fibers takes place at at least two, particularly preferably at at least three, and most particularly preferably at at least four measuring points along an overhead line. It can be provided that the deformation of one or more optical fibers takes place at each overhead line mast, whereby the assessment of the operating condition of the overhead line can be carried out with greater accuracy the more measuring points are used along the overhead line. Preferably, the deformation of one or more optical fibers takes place along the entire transmission route. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the wind speed is recorded every 1 to 4 km.

[0022] The conversion of wind energy into rotary motion preferably occurs at the corner post of an overhead line mast on a boom. This reduces the influence of the mast structure due to air turbulence or wind shading. In particular, it can be planned that the conversion of wind energy into rotary motion occurs at a lower boom (for example, at the level of the lower main conductor), since wind speeds on an overhead line mast typically decrease towards the ground. This ensures that wind speeds in the lower range are used when assessing the operating condition of the overhead line, and that the overhead lines are cooled somewhat more effectively by the generally higher wind speeds.

[0023] Preferably, in parallel with the generation of evaluable measured variables as a function of wind speeds at a plurality of measuring points, the outside temperature profile along the overhead line is also determined, preferably using distributed temperature sensing (DTS). The determined outside temperatures can be used in addition to the wind speeds when assessing the operating condition of the overhead line in order to increase the accuracy of the method according to the invention.

[0024] For example, it can be provided that a periodic local deformation of one and the same optical fiber takes place at at least two measuring points i, for example at different overhead line masts.

[0025] In this case, the resolution of the wind speeds v iat the individual measurement points i based on the propagation time difference of the evaluated signals. The propagation time difference of the evaluated signals is preferably measured using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR).

[0026] This can advantageously result in a saving in the number of optical fibers to be used.

[0027] According to an alternative embodiment, the deformation of a first optical waveguide takes place at a first measuring point i1 and the deformation of a second optical waveguide takes place at a second measuring point i2.

[0028] The equipment required is higher, but the evaluation is simpler.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a speed reduction takes place when converting the rotary movement into a periodic, local deformation of the optical waveguide, whereby the mechanical stress on the respective optical fiber or the respective optical waveguide is greatly minimized.

[0030] A reduction ratio of at least 1:50, preferably at least 1:100, particularly preferably at least 1:140 can be provided.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that the wind speeds v i to be calculated using the following formula: Vw=a+2πrNbT

[0032] This formula is particularly useful when a half-shell anemometer is used as the rotor. Where a is the initial speed (i.e., the minimum speed at which the anemometer begins to rotate), r is the radius of the rotor, N is the speed reduction ratio, T is the period of the measured signal, and b is the pressure coefficient between the concave and convex hemispheres.

[0033] It can also be provided that the periodic change in signal attenuation in the optical fiber is recorded using an optical level measurement system. An optical level measurement system consists of an optical transmitter and a receiver and can be used not only for recording but also for evaluating the signals. For this purpose, a fiber monitoring system is connected to the respective measuring fiber (the respective optical fiber (OFC)) via the optical cable terminal equipment (OCE) of the fiber optic cable system in a network operator station, for example, a switching station or a substation. The monitoring system has a data interface for querying measured values.

[0034] The object is further achieved by a sensor for generating an evaluable measured variable as a function of a wind speed, comprising a rotor which can be set into a rotary movement by the action of wind energy and is rotatably mounted in or on a housing, a fiber guide for an optical fiber arranged in or on the housing and a coupling element which is designed to convert a rotary movement of the rotor into a periodic, local deformation of an optical fiber running through the fiber guide.

[0035] The rotor is preferably designed as a half-shell anemometer, although alternative embodiments such as a vane anemometer, a wind turbine or a comparable suitable device are conceivable.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, the coupling element is connected to the fiber guide, in which an optical fiber is guided through the housing. The coupling element comprises the two guide elements and an actuating element, wherein the guide elements are arranged on a first side of the optical fiber and the actuating element is arranged on a second side of the optical fiber opposite the first side. The actuating element is movable back and forth between a rest position and an active position, and in the active position, the actuating element and the guide elements interact to deform the optical fiber.

[0037] It can be provided that at least one additional guide element is arranged on the second side of the optical fiber.

[0038] A guide element is understood to mean any technical means arranged near the path of the optical fiber through the housing in such a way that the optical fiber contacts the guide element either continuously or at least when a transverse force acts on the optical fiber. Such guide elements can be designed, for example, as pins, discs, grooves, holes, etc., although this list is purely exemplary and by no means limiting.

[0039] It can be provided that, in addition to the two known guide elements, at least one further guide element is present. However, this is not located on the same side as the previous guide elements, but rather on the opposite side, where the actuating element or at least a contact area of ​​the actuating element that can be brought into contact with the optical fiber is also located. By increasing the number of guide elements and arranging them at relatively close distances from one another, the achievable attenuation can be significantly increased.

[0040] If lateral pressure is exerted on the optical fiber – for example, directly by the actuating element or by a movement of one or more guide elements caused by the actuating element – ​​the optical fiber adheres to all guide elements even with minimal elastic deformation, so that lateral pressure is exerted on the optical fiber at each individual support point formed by a guide element. If the actuating element acts directly on the optical fiber, lateral pressure-induced attenuation is naturally generated there as well. The resulting attenuations at all contact points are additive. Thus, minimal deflection of the optical fiber is sufficient to generate a detectable signal. The optical fiber is thus protected and retains its original mechanical elasticity even after numerous actuation processes.

[0041] According to one embodiment, at least three guide elements can be arranged along the optical waveguide, alternating on each of the two sides of the optical waveguide. This number can, of course, be further increased and even doubled by symmetrically arranging the guide elements relative to the actuating element.

[0042] According to a preferred embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, the coupling member has an eccentric which is designed to convert the rotary movement of the rotor into a linear movement of the actuating element.

[0043] Advantageously, this makes it possible to generate a periodic deformation of an optical waveguide, wherein the deformation frequency f i the deformation proportional to the angular velocity ω i the rotational movement and is therefore indirectly proportional to the wind energy at the respective measuring point.

[0044] Alternatively, the eccentric itself can act as an actuating element and thus act directly on the optical fiber.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling member has a planetary gear for speed reduction.

[0046] Advantageously, the eccentric has an eccentric rotor, which is connected at a first end via a pinion to the rotor of the sensor or the planetary gear and which rotates eccentrically about a rotational axis. The rotor is preferably operatively connected to a push element, which can be designed, for example, as a plate with a continuous recess in which the eccentric rotor is arranged. The rotation of the eccentric rotor sets the push element, which in turn has the actuating element or is connected to the actuating element, into a linear movement arranged perpendicular to the rotational axis.

[0047] It can further be provided that the optical waveguide is guided in the housing in a loop or loop-like manner such that at least two sections of the optical waveguide are guided between the guide elements and the actuating element.

[0048] The number of loops or loops, like the number of guide elements, can be used for individual coding of individual sensors, as this also allows the attenuation level to be adjusted. In a fiber optic network comprising at least two sensors according to the invention, of which at least one sensor has two or more sections of the optical fiber routed between the guide elements and the actuating element, it is thus possible to easily determine which sensor generated a detected signal. If more than two sensors are present in the network, a different number of sections of the optical fiber can advantageously be routed between the guide elements and the actuating element in each sensor.

[0049] The operating principle of the sensor according to the invention is based on the utilization of a fiber optic effect in which a significant, locally limited increase in attenuation can be observed by bending a glass fiber and is realized using only fiber optic components, without the use of auxiliary electrical energy.

[0050] The measured values ​​are transmitted via the transmission line's overhead ground cable (OPGW), thus eliminating the need for public telecommunications networks. The entire measurement technology can be easily retrofitted to existing transmission lines. The monitoring devices are ideally installed at the line's end points, e.g., in the network operators' substations or switching stations.

[0051] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1: a perspective view of a sensor according to the invention; Fig. 2: a schematic side view of a sensor according to the invention; Fig. 3: a longitudinal section through the sensor in the plane A:A of the Fig. 2; Fig. 4: a perspective view of the interior of a sensor according to the invention; Fig. 5: a cross-section through the sensor in the plane B:B of the Fig. 2; Fig. 6: a schematic arrangement of several measuring sensors on fiber loops of different optical fibers, at different measuring points along an overhead line; Fig. 7: a schematic arrangement of several measuring sensors on fiber loops of the same optical fiber, at different measuring points along an overhead line; Fig. 8: a schematic sketch to illustrate the evaluation principle of several as in Fig. 7 arranged measuring sensor; and Fig. 9: a possible arrangement of a sensor according to the invention on an overhead line mast.

[0052] Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a sensor 1 according to the invention, while Fig. 2 shows the sensor 1 according to the invention in a schematic side view.

[0053] The sensor 1 comprises a housing 4 and a rotor 2 rotatably mounted in or on the housing 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotor 2 is designed as a shell anemometer. The housing 4 can be closed with a cover 4.1.

[0054] The housing 4 further comprises a connection opening 4.2 through which the optical fiber is led both into the housing 4 and out of the housing 4.

[0055] In the Fig. 3 is a sensor 1 according to the invention in longitudinal section in the plane A:A of the Fig. 2. The rotor 2 is rotatably mounted on the cover 4.1 of the housing 4. The cover 4.1 and the housing 4 are sealed against each other by an O-ring 4.3.

[0056] The rotor 2 can be set into rotation by wind energy and drives a pinion shaft 8. The pinion shaft 8 is connected via a pinion 9 to a planetary gear 5.2 of a coupling element 5. The planetary gear 5.2, in turn, acts on an eccentric 5.1 and transmits the rotational movement of the pinion shaft 8 to the eccentric 5.1. The planetary gear 5.2 thereby reduces the speed.

[0057] Eccentric 5.1 and planetary gear 5.2 are part of a coupling element 5, which is designed to convert the rotary movement of the rotor 2 into a linear movement of an actuating element (in Fig. 3 not recognizable).

[0058] In the illustrated embodiment, a push plate 5.3 is also formed as part of the coupling member 5. The push plate 5.3 is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of the eccentric 5.1 and has an opening within which the control disc of the eccentric 5.1 is arranged, with the center of the control disc lying outside the rotational axis of the eccentric 5.1.

[0059] The interaction between eccentric 5.1 and push plate 5.3 is described in detail in Fig. 4, which shows a perspective view of the interior of a sensor 1 according to the invention. The opening in the impact plate 5.3 essentially corresponds to the radius of the control disc of the eccentric 5.1, so that the impact plate 5.3 is set into a linear movement by the rotational movement of the eccentric 5.1. The impact plate 5.3 is guided in the fiberboard 10. An actuating element 7 is connected to the impact plate 5.3.

[0060] An optical fiber 3 is guided in a loop-like manner on the fiberboard 10 such that several sections of the optical fiber 3 are guided between guide elements 6 formed on the fiberboard 10 and the actuating element 7 arranged on the butt plate 5.3, so that the actuating element 7 and each guide element 6 act on the optical fiber 3 simultaneously at several points. The actuating element 7 acts on the optical fiber 3 from the side of the optical fiber facing away from the butt plate 5.3. The two guide elements 6 closest to either side of the actuating element 7 are arranged such that they act on the optical fiber 3 from the side facing towards the butt plate 5.3, while the two outer guide elements 6, which are at the greatest distance from the actuating element 7, in turn act on the optical fiber 3 from the side facing away from the butt plate 5.3.

[0061] The actuating element 7 can be moved from a rest position into an active position by the linear movement of the impact plate 5.3, wherein the actuating element 7 in its active position and the guide elements 6 interact in such a way that the optical fiber 3 is deformed and thus an attenuation of the signals in the optical fiber 3 is effected.

[0062] The optical fiber 3 is guided into and out of the housing 4 through the connection opening 4.2. The signal attenuation is evaluated outside the sensor 1 according to the invention, preferably by coupling a fiber monitoring system to the optical fiber 3 via the optical cable terminal device of the fiber optic cable system in the network operator's station.

[0063] Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the sensor 1 in the plane B:B of the Fig. 2. In addition to the Fig. From the details described in Figure 4 it can be seen that the guide elements 6 are arranged symmetrically relative to the actuating element 7.

[0064] A possible circuit arrangement of several sensors 1 is shown in the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shown schematically.

[0065] This shows Fig. 6 an arrangement of several measuring sensors 1 at different measuring points along an overhead line (level measuring principle), wherein each measuring sensor is coupled to a fiber loop of a different optical fiber.

[0066] Fig. 7, however, shows an arrangement of several measuring sensors 1 at different measuring points along an overhead line, whereby all measuring sensors are coupled to fiber loops of the same optical fiber.

[0067] When designing according to Fig. 6, several optical fibers of an overhead ground cable (OPGW) 11 are each connected to a sensor. The sensors 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 are arranged at various measuring points, each of which is preferably located on an overhead line mast 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4. For this purpose, two optical fibers are coupled together at each measuring point to form a fiber loop 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, which is guided through a sensor 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and locally deformed therein.

[0068] At a first overhead line mast 12.1, a first sensor 1.1 is connected to a first optical fiber 3.1. At a second overhead line mast 12.2, a second sensor 1.2 is connected to a second optical fiber 3.2. At a third overhead line mast 12.3, a third sensor 1.3 is connected to a third optical fiber 3.3. At a fourth overhead line mast 12.4, a fourth sensor 1.4 is connected to a fourth optical fiber 3.4. Additional sensors can be connected to additional optical fibers.

[0069] The periodic attenuation changes in the respective optical fibers 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 generated by sensors 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 are recorded and evaluated using an optical level measurement system (consisting of an optical transmitter and receiver). For this purpose, a fiber monitoring system is coupled to the respective optical fibers 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 via the optical cable terminal equipment (OCE) of the fiber optic cable system in a network operator station, such as a substation or switchgear.

[0070] Both when coupling the sensors with different optical fibers ( Fig. 6) as well as when coupling all sensors with the same optical fiber ( Fig. 7), in the illustrated embodiments, the temperature is detected along the OPGW 11 in parallel using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS). The temperature is detected on one or more additional optical fibers 3.

[0071] With a submeter-range length resolution, the DTS measurement enables a detailed representation of the temperature distribution along the route. This allows individual sections of the line to be clearly demarcated and evaluated. To determine the temperature, which is relevant for weather-dependent overhead line operation, segments of the overhead line are examined. These can be individual spans, guy sections, lengths between the fiber optic joints, or even the entire length between the portals.

[0072] When designing according to Fig. 7, several sensors 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 are arranged along a single optical fiber 3, preferably at the installation points of the overhead line pylons 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4. The evaluation of the generated signal attenuations takes place in a first station 13.1 (transformer station or switchgear of the network operator), whereby the transit time difference of the evaluated signals is used to resolve the wind speeds v i after the individual measurement points i. The propagation time difference of the evaluated signals is preferably recorded using an OTDR-based monitoring system.

[0073] Details on the evaluation of the generated signal attenuations are in Fig. 8. This shows a schematic sketch to illustrate the evaluation principle of several sensors 1 connected to the same optical fiber.

[0074] A first sensor 1.1 is connected to the optical fiber 3 at a first measuring point i1 and a second sensor 1.2 is connected to the optical fiber 3 at a second measuring point i2 via a passive optical splitter 15.

[0075] From the transmitter of an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), an optical signal is transmitted into an optical fiber 3. At a first measuring point i1, the signal is routed via a passive optical splitter 15 to a first transducer 1.1. The signal passes through the first transducer 1.1, is attenuated accordingly, and reflected via a broadband reflector 14, whereupon it is received by the OTDR receiver as the signal from the first measuring point i1. At a second measuring point i2, the signal is routed via a passive optical splitter 15 to a second transducer 1.2. The signal passes through the second transducer 1.2, is also attenuated accordingly, and reflected via a broadband reflector 14, whereupon it is received by the OTDR receiver as the signal from the second measuring point i2. The wind speeds v are determined by determining the propagation time difference of the evaluated signals. iresolved according to the individual measuring points i. Based on the determined wind speeds v i The operational condition of the overhead line is then assessed.

[0076] Fig. Figure 9 shows a possible arrangement of a sensor 1 according to the invention on an overhead line mast 12. The sensor 1 according to the invention is preferably installed on a cantilever at the corner post of the overhead line mast 12. This reduces the influence of the mast structure due to air turbulence or wind shadowing. It is advantageous to install the sensor at the level of the lower main conductors. List of reference symbols 1 sensor 1.1 first sensor 1.2 second sensor 1.3 third sensor 1.4 fourth sensor 2 rotors 3 optical fibers 3.1 first optical fiber 3.2 second optical fiber 3.3 third optical fiber 3.4 fourth optical fiber 4 housings a. Lid b. Connection opening c. O-ring 5 coupling link 5.1 Eccentric 5.2 Planetary gear 5.3 Shock plate 6 guide elements 7 Actuating element 8 pinion shaft 9 pinions 10 fiberboard 11 Ground wire aerial cables 12 overhead line mast 12.1 first overhead line mast 12.2 second overhead line mast 12.3 third overhead line mast 12.4 fourth overhead line mast 13.1 first station of the network operator 13.2 second station of the network operator 14 Broadband reflector 15 passive optical splitters v i Wind speed ω i Angular velocity of rotation fi Deformation frequency of an optical fiber i n measuring point i1 first measuring point i2 second measuring point QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2021 / 207093 A1

[0009]

Claims

[1] Overhead line monitoring method in which the operating state of an overhead line is characterized by measurement technology in order to maintain the operating state of the overhead line depending on weather influences by controlling an energy feed into the overhead line within a predeterminable permissible range and at the same time to maximize the energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state, comprising the steps: • Generation of evaluable measured values ​​depending on wind speeds v i at a plurality n of measuring points i=1...n along an overhead line, in particular at the installation sites of overhead line masts, where ◯ Wind energy is converted at a measuring point i into a rotary movement of a rotor (2) of a measuring sensor (1), with an angular velocity ω i the rotational movement proportional to the wind speed v i is, ◯ the rotational movement is converted into a periodic, local deformation of at least one optical waveguide (3) running parallel to the overhead line at the measuring point i, wherein a deformation frequency f i the deformation proportional to the angular velocity ω i the rotational movement is • Calculation of wind speeds v i at the n measuring points by evaluating periodic changes in a signal attenuation in the optical fiber (3) caused by the deformation using the proportionality factors between the wind speeds v i and the angular velocities ω i and between the angular velocities ω i and the deformation frequencies f i , • Assessment of the operating condition of the overhead line based on wind speeds v i . [2] Overhead line monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein a periodic local deformation of one and the same optical waveguide (3) takes place at at least two different measuring points i. [3] Overhead line monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the resolution of the wind speeds v i after the individual measuring points i based on the propagation time difference of the evaluated signals. [4] Overhead line monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the deformation of a first optical waveguide (3.1) takes place at a first measuring point i1 and the deformation of a second optical waveguide (3.2) takes place at a second measuring point i2. [5] Overhead line monitoring method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a speed reduction takes place during the conversion of the rotary movement into a periodic, local deformation of the optical waveguide (3). [6] Overhead line monitoring method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the periodic change in the signal attenuation in the optical waveguide (3) is detected by means of an optical level measuring system. [7] Sensor (1) for generating an evaluable measured variable as a function of a wind speed, comprising a rotor (2) which can be set into a rotary movement by the action of wind energy and is rotatably mounted in or on a housing (4), a fiber guide for an optical fiber (3) arranged in or on the housing (4) and a coupling member (5) which is designed to convert a rotary movement of the rotor (2) into a periodic, local deformation of an optical fiber (3) running through the fiber guide. [8] Sensor (1) according to claim 7, wherein the rotor (2) is designed as a half-shell anemometer. [9] Sensor (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the coupling member (5) is connected to the fiber guide in which an optical fiber (3) is guided through the housing (4) and which comprises two guide elements (6) and an actuating element (7), wherein the guide elements (6) are arranged on a first side and the actuating element (7) are arranged on a second side of the optical fiber (3) opposite the first side, and wherein the actuating element (7) is movable back and forth between a rest position and an active position and in the active position the actuating element (7) and the guide elements (6) interact to deform the optical fiber (3). [10] Sensor (1) according to claim 9, wherein the guide elements (6) are arranged symmetrically relative to the actuating element (7). [11] Sensor (1) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the coupling member (5) has an eccentric (5.1) which is designed to convert the rotary movement of the rotor (2) into a linear movement of the actuating element (7). [12] Sensor (1) according to claim 11, wherein the eccentric (5.1) acts as an actuating element. [13] Sensor (1) according to one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the coupling member (5) has a planetary gear (5.2) for speed reduction.

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