Actuating unit for an electromagnet, electromagnet and drive unit

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuating unit for an electromagnet for actuating an annular armature, wherein the actuating unit comprises a magnetic coil, a housing, and a magnetic field sensor integrated in the housing. A sensor support provides additional stability. The invention further relates to an electromagnet with such an actuating unit and to a drive unit with such an electromagnet.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an actuating unit for an electromagnet, an electromagnet with such an actuating unit and a drive unit with such an electromagnet.

[0002] Drive units can be used, for example, to transmit rotary motion between a shaft and a rotary drive element. For example, the rotary drive element can be driven by an electric motor or other unit and transmit rotary motion to the shaft. The shaft can, for example, be connected to an axle or wheel of a vehicle to drive it. The reverse power flow is also possible.

[0003] In numerous applications, it is desirable to ensure that the coupling between the shaft and the rotary drive element is switchable. This allows the coupling to be temporarily suspended. For example, this can be used to decouple a vehicle's drive unit so that it can roll as little as possible without engine braking. Furthermore, such switchability can be used, for example, to selectively engage and disengage the power transmission to an axle, for example, to implement a switchable all-wheel drive.

[0004] The document DE 11 2016 003 812 T5 discloses a sensor arrangement comprising a housing, a shielding element, a magnetic field sensor and a detection magnet.

[0005] Document EP 2 059 939 B1 discloses an electronically actuated device having an electromagnetic actuator with an integrated sensor.

[0006] It is an object of the invention to provide an actuating unit for an electromagnet which, compared to known designs, is designed alternatively or better, for example, requiring less wiring effort. It is also an object of the invention to provide an electromagnet with such an actuating unit. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a drive unit with such an electromagnet. This is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of the respective main claims. Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the respective subclaims.

[0007] The invention relates to an actuating unit for an electromagnet. The actuating unit serves, in particular, to actuate an annular armature that is not part of the actuating unit. The actuating unit has a magnetic coil, which is expediently annular in shape. The actuating unit has a housing that is attached radially to the outside of the magnetic coil. Furthermore, the actuating unit has a magnetic field sensor that is integrated into the housing.

[0008] Such an actuation unit allows for a particularly high level of integration. The integration of the magnetic field sensor provides functionality that enables detection of an armature position, particularly in conjunction with a magnetic field sensor that is not part of the actuation unit. This advantageously eliminates the need for a separate attachment of the magnetic field sensor to a drive unit and the associated additional wiring effort, as well as the provision of additional holes for attaching the magnetic field sensor and its wiring.

[0009] An actuating unit is understood in particular to be a unit which is designed to move an armature. In this case, the armature is typically an at least substantially annular armature. In principle, it is sufficient for at least a part or a section of the armature to be annular. This can typically be designed to run circumferentially around a shaft and / or can be arranged in particular radially outwardly of a shaft. The magnetic coil is typically arranged radially outwardly of the armature and can move the armature axially by generating a magnetic field. An axial movement is understood in particular to be a movement along an axis which is predetermined by the magnetic coil. In particular, this can take place along a central axis of the magnetic coil. This central axis can in particular be identical to a central axis of the annular armature oran annular section of the armature and the shaft. The above description refers not only to the actuating unit, but also to a complete electromagnet and the drive unit. Both the actuating unit and the armature are components of a finished electromagnet. However, the actuating unit is a separate component of the electromagnet and serves to actuate the armature.

[0010] A magnetic field sensor can be understood in particular as a sensor that can detect a magnetic field. In particular, this can be a Hall sensor. With such a Hall sensor, it is typically provided that a defined current is passed through the sensor and a voltage or current is measured which is generated by an applied magnetic field. This can be used to draw conclusions about the strength of the applied magnetic field. This allows, in particular, a current position or a position of the armature to be sensed, provided that a magnetic field sensor that generates a magnetic field to be sensed by the magnetic field sensor is connected to the armature in such a way that an axial movement of the armature also leads to a corresponding axial movement of the magnetic field sensor. This can be understood in particular as a connection that is fixed against axial displacement.This can, for example, be designed to be rigid or it can, for example, be designed in such a way that an element containing the magnetic field sensor, for example an interface element, is supported on a flat surface of the armature and is expediently pressed against this flat surface.

[0011] In particular, it can be provided that the magnetic field sensor is arranged axially spaced from the magnetic coil. The term "axial" can refer in particular to a direction defined by a center axis of the magnetic coil. This can, in particular, decouple the magnetic field sensor from a magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil. This can, for example, prevent the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil from reaching the magnetic field sensor with excessive strength, thus impairing the measurement to be performed by the magnetic field sensor.

[0012] Preferably, a shielding magnetic material and / or a magnetic body for magnetically shielding the magnetic field sensor from the magnetic coil is arranged between the magnetic field sensor and the magnetic coil. In particular, the magnetic shielding material can be designed as a magnetic body or be a component of a magnetic body. Such a shielding magnetic material can, for example, redirect the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil such that its magnetic field lines are largely shielded from the magnetic field sensor. This also ensures that the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil has as little influence as possible on the measurement to be performed by the magnetic field sensor.

[0013] A magnetic body can, for example, surround the magnetic coil circumferentially on the outside. In particular, an annular section of the magnetic body can be provided for this purpose. Additionally or alternatively, a disk-shaped section of the magnetic body can be present. This can have a central hole through which the shaft can pass. The disk-shaped section can, in particular, produce the shielding effect.

[0014] In particular, the actuating unit can have one or more connecting lines of the sensor, which are arranged radially outside and / or encompassing the shielding magnetic material. The term "radially outside arrangement" can be understood in particular to mean that the connecting lines are at a greater distance from a center axis defined by the magnetic coil. The term "encompassing arrangement" can in particular mean that the connecting lines are arranged outside the shielding magnetic material, if the center axis is taken as a reference. This makes it easy to connect the sensor, in particular an electrical connection. Drilling through the shielding magnetic material can thus advantageously be avoided.

[0015] Preferably, an electrical connection for connecting a plug is formed in the housing. The electrical connection can in particular be connected to the magnetic coil and / or to the magnetic field sensor. The plug in particular does not belong to the actuating unit, but typically serves to electrically connect the components of the actuating unit. In particular, the magnetic coil can thus be supplied with a current which leads to the generation of a magnetic field for moving the armature. In particular, the magnetic field sensor can be supplied with a current which can then be at least partially deflected by an applied magnetic field. As a result of the deflection, a current and / or a voltage is generated which can then also be read out using connecting lines that can be routed via the electrical connection.

[0016] The electrical connection can be arranged, in particular, in the housing at a longitudinal end opposite the magnetic field sensor. This enables advantageous cable routing, which can be designed particularly slim. The definition of longitudinal ends can be based, in particular, on a coil axis or the center axis of the magnetic coil.

[0017] The housing has an elongated projection. The magnetic field sensor is arranged in the elongated projection. The elongated projection can in particular extend along a recognizable longitudinal direction. This does not preclude it from also having slight bends in comparison. It can in particular be longer than its width and height, in particular at least twice as long or at least three times as long as its width and / or height. The elongated projection can in particular avoid the housing having to be designed to correspond to the shape of the magnetic coil along the entire required axial extent. The elongated projection can in particular extend parallel or at least substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis or center axis of the magnetic coil or be aligned parallel or at least substantially parallel thereto.In particular, the elongated projection, viewed in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis or center axis of the magnetic coil, may have a smaller cross-sectional area than the magnetic coil, in particular at least 50%, at least 80%, or at least 90% smaller. A cross-sectional area is considered, in particular, to be the entire enclosed space.

[0018] The actuating unit has a sensor support which is fastened to the shielding magnetic material and / or to the magnet body and / or to the magnetic coil and is mechanically firmly connected to one end of the elongated projection on which the magnetic field sensor is arranged. This allows the aforementioned end of the elongated projection to be mechanically stabilized. For example, the sensor support can have a sleeve into which the elongated projection is inserted and which preferably rests against the elongated projection on all sides. This can also protect the housing against contamination, for example. However, other fastening methods, such as screwing or gluing, are also possible. In particular, it can be provided that the sensor support is fastened to the magnetic coil, in particular by means of one or more pins.For this purpose, an opening can be provided in the magnet body through which the sensor support and / or the pins pass. The sensor support is intended to completely or partially encompass the end of the elongated projection and protect it from contamination.

[0019] In particular, the actuating unit can have one or more connecting cables for the solenoid coil, which can be routed within the housing and / or connected to the connector. This allows for a compact design and protected cable routing.

[0020] The invention further relates to an electromagnet for controlling a coupling state between a shaft not belonging to the electromagnet and a rotary drive element not belonging to the electromagnet. The electromagnet has an annular armature, which is designed to surround the shaft at a portion of the shaft, in particular along a complete circumference of the shaft. The electromagnet further has an actuating unit as described herein, wherein the magnetic coil of the actuating unit is arranged radially outwardly of the armature. With regard to the actuating unit, all embodiments and variants described herein can be used.

[0021] The annular armature can, for example, be completely annular. Alternatively, only part of the armature can be annular.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the electromagnet can have an interface element. This can in particular be fastened to the armature in a manner fixed against axial displacement. It can also bear against the armature and be preloaded against the armature, in particular by means of a spring. Even with such an embodiment, it is ensured that the interface element takes over an axial movement of the armature. The interface element can in particular be annular. The magnetic field transmitter can in particular be arranged in the interface element and / or fastened to the interface element in a manner fixed against axial displacement. The interface element is typically an element that is connected to the armature in a manner fixed against axial displacement. In particular, it can serve to transmit the movement of the armature to other components on which this movement exerts a function.

[0023] The actuating unit has a sensor support, which is mechanically and firmly connected to one end of the elongated projection on which the magnetic field sensor is arranged. Reference is made to the explanations already given above in this regard. The sensor support can provide an anti-twist device for the interface element. Particularly in the case of an annular interface element, this prevents the interface element from performing undesired rotational movements around its axis, which is typically identical to the axis of the armature.

[0024] The interface element can, in particular, have a first projection and a second projection. These can rest laterally against the sensor support, thus providing anti-twist protection. The sensor support thus serves as an easy-to-implement and reliable guide for the interface element.

[0025] The electromagnet can, in particular, comprise a tube. This tube can be firmly connected to the armature and can, in particular, serve to support the armature in an outer housing or a magnetic body. Alternatively or additionally, it can serve to support an interface element within the tube. The tube can thus, in particular, provide an external running surface, which is guided by a surrounding housing or magnetic body, which also guides the armature. The interface element, in particular the interface element already described above, can, in particular, be guided within the tube and can thus be stabilized.

[0026] The invention further relates to a drive unit. The drive unit has a shaft and an electromagnet as described herein. With regard to the electromagnet, and in particular with regard to the actuating unit of the electromagnet, all embodiments and variants described herein may be used. The armature of the electromagnet is arranged, in particular, radially outside the shaft and, in particular, is axially displaceable relative to the shaft. This makes it possible to provide a drive unit in which an axial displacement of an armature can occur by means of the drive unit described herein. The advantages already mentioned can thus be advantageously achieved.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment, the drive unit has a rotary drive element. This has, in particular, a first contact surface. The armature, or an element connected to the armature in a rotationally fixed manner, can in particular have a second contact surface. It can in particular be provided that in a first position of the armature the first contact surface engages with the second contact surface. In particular, it can also be provided that in a second position of the armature the second contact surface is spaced from the first contact surface. This allows an advantageous switchable embodiment of the power transmission to be easily implemented. The armature can be actuated with the magnetic coil, and depending on the position of the armature, power is transmitted in the first position and no power is transmitted in the second position.For this purpose, the two contact surfaces can, for example, have respective toothings which can engage with each other in the first position and are spaced apart from each other in the second position.

[0028] In particular, the drive unit can have a return spring designed to preload the armature into the second position. This interrupts the power transmission in a rest position, and by energizing the solenoid, the power transmission can be activated. The reverse design is also possible.

[0029] In particular, the drive unit can have a magnetic field sensor. This can in particular generate a measuring magnetic field. Such a measuring magnetic field can in particular be detected by the magnetic field sensor of the actuating unit. The magnetic field sensor can in particular be attached to the armature or to an element connected to the armature in an axially fixed manner. In particular, it can be provided that the magnetic field sensor is arranged adjacent to the magnetic field sensor in at least one position of the armature and / or the magnetic field sensor is arranged such that the measuring magnetic field can be detected by the magnetic field sensor in at least one position of the armature. This makes it possible to sense the position of the armature and any connected components in such a way that the magnetic field detected by the magnetic field sensor depends on the current position of the armature.

[0030] In particular, it can be provided that the actuating unit has a total maximum diameter of at most 90 mm, at most 100 mm, at most 150 mm, at most 250 mm, at most 300 mm or at most 500 mm. This has proven advantageous for typical applications. In particular, this can refer to the radius of the magnetic coil. It can also refer to an outermost element compared to a center axis of the magnetic coil. The embodiments described herein can be used in particular in connection with a lifting magnet. In particular, they can be used in connection with a drive train, for example an electric drive train or a conventional axle drive. Depending on the vehicle architecture, for example, an electric machine or a component of an all-wheel drive can be coupled and uncoupled from the drive train. This can reduce losses in the drive train.

[0031] For example, an air gap provided for the armature can be at least 2 mm or at least 3 mm and / or at most 4 mm or at most 5 mm, in particular 3 mm or 4 mm. This has proven advantageous for typical applications. In particular, this can refer to a difference between the aforementioned first position and the aforementioned second position. These positions can, in particular, correspond to the end positions of the armature's movement.

[0032] The magnetic field sensor can be a permanent magnet, for example. Alternatively, an electromagnet can also be used.

[0033] In particular, an anti-stick disc can be arranged between the armature and a yoke. This can prevent the armature from becoming difficult to detach from the yoke. In particular, such an anti-stick disc can be used for magnetic separation.

[0034] In particular, the design provided herein can be used to prevent a load-bearing bearing seat in a transmission from being penetrated. This does not impair load-bearing capacity or running accuracy. In particular, the design described herein can be used for a transmission output shaft. However, it can also be used, for example, for a drive shaft.

[0035] In particular, direct actuation in a gearbox enables a compact design while simultaneously offering technical and commercial advantages. Complex hydraulic control systems using valves, pumps, and hoses can be eliminated. This also applies to external mechanical actuation, which usually requires geometrically complex components to implement the movement.

[0036] By integrating a sensor directly into a magnetic actuator, an additional sealing point can be eliminated, making the overall system more robust. Furthermore, assembly is typically simplified, thus reducing the susceptibility to errors.

[0037] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1: an exploded view of an electromagnet, Fig. 2: the electromagnet in an assembled state, and Fig. 3: a sectional view of the electromagnet.

[0038] Fig. Figure 1 shows a purely schematic exploded view of an electromagnet 100. The electromagnet 100 is enclosed on one side by a yoke 110. Immediately adjacent to this is an anti-stick disc 120 for providing magnetic separation.

[0039] The electromagnet 100 has an armature 130. This is designed to be axially movable, as described below with reference to Fig. 3 will be explained in more detail.

[0040] The electromagnet 100 has a magnetic coil 140. This serves to generate a magnetic field when energized, thereby moving the armature 130. In the assembled state, the magnetic coil 140 is arranged radially outwardly of the armature 130 and spaced apart from the armature 130.

[0041] The electromagnet 100 has a magnetic body 150. This is made of a magnetic material, such as iron. The magnetic body 150 has an annular portion 152 and a disc-shaped portion 154 arranged radially inwardly. This serves for magnetic shielding, as will be explained in more detail below. The magnetic body 150 is thus a magnetic shielding element.

[0042] The electromagnet 100 further includes a tube 160. This tube is connected to the armature 130 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner and can thus be used for power transmission. The tube 160 rests on the outside of the disc-shaped section 154 of the magnet body 150. The armature 130 is thus guided and stabilized by the tube 160.

[0043] On a side opposite the yoke 110, the electromagnet 100 has an interface element 170. This is connected to the tube 160 in a rotationally fixed and axially displacement-proof manner. In particular, it can thus be provided that the interface element 170 is mounted by the tube 160. For example, in a manner described elsewhere herein, it can effect and release a coupling with a rotary drive element, particularly depending on the position of the armature 130. The coupling can thus be activated or deactivated by an axial displacement of the armature 130. Instead of a rigid, axially displacement-proof design, the interface element 170 can also be supported on a flat surface of the armature 130 without being rigidly connected to it. In this case, a clearance fit can be realized, in particular.The synchronous movement of interface element 170 and armature 130 can then be ensured, in particular, by a pressure exerted on interface element 170 in the direction of armature 130. Such pressure can be generated, in particular, by means of a spring (not shown). A magnetic field sensor 172 is arranged in interface element 170, the function of which will be discussed in more detail below.

[0044] A sensor support 180 is attached to the magnetic body 150, which serves to increase mechanical stability. This will be discussed in more detail below. Alternatively, the sensor support 180 could be attached to the magnetic coil 140, for example.

[0045] The electromagnet 100 has a housing 200. This is fastened to the magnetic coil 140 radially on the outside of the magnetic coil 140, i.e. in particular on the outside at a section along the circumference of the magnetic coil 140. An electrical connection 210 is attached to the housing 200, to which a seal 220 is arranged on the outside. The electrical connection 210 is designed as a socket in the present case. This allows the attachment of a plug (not shown) for electrically contacting the existing electrical components, in particular the magnetic coil 140 and a magnetic field sensor to be described further below. An elongated projection 230 is arranged on the housing 200 and extends from a region of the housing 200 with a larger cross-section parallel to a center axis of the magnetic coil 140. The elongated projection 230 engages the sensor support 180, so that the elongated projection 230 is thereby mechanically stabilized.In addition, the housing 200 is thereby protected from contamination in the region of the projection 230 or at its end engaging in the sensor support 180.

[0046] The housing 200 with the components contained therein as well as the magnetic coil 140, the magnetic body 150 and the sensor support 180 together form an actuating unit 105.

[0047] In Fig. 1 also shows a plug 300, which is not part of the electromagnet 100 and is plugged into the electrical connector 210. The plug 300 can be an electrical connector or, for example, a transport lock. The plug 300 is generally removable from the electrical connector 210. The plug 300 can, for example, be connected to a cable to contact the electrical components present in the electromagnet 100.

[0048] Fig. Figure 2 shows the electromagnet 100 in an assembled state. Regarding the individual components, reference is made to the description given above of Fig. 1.

[0049] In Fig. 2 also shows a center axis 142 of the magnetic coil 140. It forms an axis of symmetry of the magnetic coil 140 and defines an axial extension.

[0050] The one already mentioned with reference to Fig. 1 described connector 300 is also in Fig. 2 and also in the following described Fig. 3. This can be used especially as a transport lock.

[0051] Fig. Figure 3 shows the electromagnet 100 in a sectional view. Regarding the components, please refer to the description of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

[0052] The armature 130 is divided into a radially inner section 132 and a radially outer section 134. The radially outer section 134 only partially overlaps axially with the radially inner section 132 and extends in the illustration of Fig. 3 further to the left than the radially inner section 132. The radially outer section 134 encompasses the tube 160 as shown. Radially inward to the tube 160, the interface element 170 is clamped into the tube 160.

[0053] The magnetic coil 140 is arranged radially outwardly of the armature 130, as shown. It thus allows axial movement of the armature 130 by a generated magnetic field. An air gap 136 is provided adjacent to the armature 130 as a movement space. The armature 130 is thus located in the Fig. 3 shown in a position moved all the way to the right and could be moved to the left from this position.

[0054] As shown, a magnetic field sensor 240 is arranged in the elongated projection 230 of the housing 200. This sensor is located at an opposite end compared to the electrical connection 210. A group of connecting lines 250, which surround the outside of the magnetic body 150 and are only partially shown here, but essentially extend to the electrical connection 210, are used to connect the magnetic field sensor 240. This allows electrical contact to be made with the magnetic field sensor 240. The magnetic field sensor 240 is designed as a conventional Hall sensor in the present case. As shown, the disk-shaped section 154 of the magnetic body 150 is located between the magnetic field sensor 240 and the magnetic coil 140. This allows the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil 140 to be shielded from the magnetic field sensor 240, thereby minimizing any influence on a magnetic field measurement by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil 140.

[0055] The aforementioned magnetic field sensor 172 is arranged in the interface element 170. The magnetic field sensor 172 is designed as a permanent magnet and is located directly radially inside the magnetic field sensor 240. The magnetic field sensor 240 enables, in particular, the measurement of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field sensor 172. Since the magnetic field sensor 172 is connected to the armature 130 in an axially fixed manner, this enables the precise determination of the position of the armature 130. The design integrated into the housing 200 minimizes the wiring effort, and the drilling of additional holes or the routing of additional connecting cables is not required. In particular, this results in a particularly stable, compact, and easy-to-handle design.

[0056] As in Fig. 3, the sensor support 180 stabilizes the Fig. 3 left end of the housing 200. Furthermore, the interface element 170 and the sensor support 180 are expediently designed so that the interface element 170 and thus also the magnetic field sensor 172 are secured against rotation. The magnetic field sensor 172 thus remains position-oriented to the magnetic field sensor 240. As in Fig. 1 and Fig. As can be seen in Figure 2, the interface element 170 has two projections 174, 176, which rest laterally against the sensor support. The projections 174, 176 prevent rotation of the annular interface element 170. Alternatively, an anti-rotation device can be implemented, for example, by providing a longitudinal groove in the sensor support 180 and a longitudinal projection engaging therewith on the interface element 170, or vice versa.

[0057] As already mentioned, the armature 130 is axially displaceable. As a result, the interface element 170 is also axially displaceable. In a typical implementation of a drive element, a shaft (not shown) passes through the armature 130 and the interface element 170. An element can be connected to this shaft in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner, which element can be displaced by the interface element 170. In the Fig. In the state of the armature 130 shown in Figure 3, the element connected to the shaft is typically disengaged from a rotary drive element. However, if the magnetic coil 140 is energized and the armature 130 is thereby moved to the left, the element connected to the shaft engages with a rotary drive element, whereby a rotary motion can be transmitted between the shaft and the rotary drive element.

[0058] A return spring (not shown) may be provided to return the armature 130 and the components connected to it to the positions shown in Fig. 3 shown state.

[0059] The invention is not limited to one of the embodiments described above, but can be modified in many ways. List of reference symbols 100 electromagnets 105 Actuating unit 110 yoke 120 anti-adhesive discs 130 anchors 132 radially inner section 134 radial outer section 136 air gap 140 solenoid coil 142 center axis 150 magnetic bodies 152 annular section 154 disc-shaped section 160 pipe 170 Interface element 172 magnetic field sensors 174 first lead 176 second lead 180 Sensor support 200 housings 210 electrical connection 220 Seal 230 elongated projection 240 magnetic field sensor 250 connecting cables 300 plugs

Claims

[1] Actuating unit (105) for an electromagnet (100) for actuating an annular armature (130) not belonging to the actuating unit (105), the actuating unit (105) comprising: - a magnetic coil (140) which is ring-shaped, - a housing (200) which is attached radially to the outside of the magnetic coil (140), and - a magnetic field sensor (240) which is integrated in the housing (200), - wherein the housing (200) has an elongated projection (230) in which the magnetic field sensor (240) is arranged, - wherein the actuating unit (105) has a sensor support (180) which is attached to a shielding magnetic material arranged between the magnetic field sensor (240) and the magnetic coil (140) for magnetically shielding the magnetic field sensor from the magnetic coil, and / or to a magnetic body (150) arranged between the magnetic field sensor (240) and the magnetic coil (140) for magnetically shielding the magnetic field sensor from the magnetic coil (230), and / or to the magnetic coil (140) and is mechanically firmly connected to one end of the elongated projection (230) on which the magnetic field sensor (240) is arranged, - wherein the sensor support (180) completely or partially surrounds the end of the elongated projection (230) and protects it from contamination. [2] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 1, - wherein the magnetic field sensor (240) is arranged axially spaced from the magnetic coil (140). [3] Actuating unit (105) according to one of the preceding claims, - which has one or more connecting lines (250) of the magnetic field sensor (240), which are arranged radially outside and / or encompassing the shielding magnetic material. [4] Actuating unit (105) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein an electrical connection (210) for connecting a plug (300) is formed in the housing (200), wherein the electrical connection (210) is connected to the magnetic coil (140) and to the magnetic field sensor (240). [5] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 4, - wherein the electrical connection (210) is arranged in the housing (200) at a longitudinal end opposite to the magnetic field sensor (240). [6] Actuating unit (105) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the elongated projection (230) is aligned parallel or at least substantially parallel to a center axis (142) of the magnetic coil (140). [7] Actuating unit (105) according to one of the preceding claims, - which has one or more connecting lines of the magnetic coil (140) which are guided in the housing (200) and / or are connected to the connection (210). [8] Electromagnet (100) for controlling a coupling state between a shaft not belonging to the electromagnet (100) and a rotary drive element not belonging to the electromagnet (100), the electromagnet (100) comprising: - an annular armature (130) which is designed to surround the shaft at a portion of the shaft, and - an actuating unit (105) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic coil (140) of the actuating unit (105) is arranged radially outwardly of the armature (130). [9] Electromagnet (100) according to claim 8, - which has a magnetic field sensor (172) which generates a measuring magnetic field and which is attached to the armature (130) or to an element connected to the armature (130) in such a way that it is fixed in axial displacement, - wherein the magnetic field transmitter (172) is arranged in at least one position of the armature (130) adjacent to the magnetic field sensor (240) and / or the magnetic field transmitter (172) is arranged such that in at least one position of the armature (130) the measuring magnetic field can be detected by the magnetic field sensor (240). [10] Electromagnet (100) according to claim 9, - which has an interface element (170) which is fixed to the armature (130) in an axially displaceable manner, or which bears against the armature (130) and is prestressed against the armature (130), - wherein the magnetic field sensor (172) is arranged in the interface element (170) and / or is fixed to the interface element (170) in a manner fixed against axial displacement. [11] Electromagnet (100) according to claim 9, - wherein the sensor support (180) represents an anti-twist device for the interface element (172). [12] Electromagnet (100) according to claim 11, - wherein the interface element (170) has a first projection (174) and a second projection (176) which bear laterally against the sensor support (180) and thus provide an anti-twist protection. [13] Electromagnet (100) according to one of claims 8 to 12, - which has a tube (160) which is fixedly connected to the armature (130) and which serves to support the armature (130) in an outer housing or a magnetic body (150) and / or which serves to support an interface element (170) within the tube (160). [14] Drive unit, comprising - a wave, and - an electromagnet (100) according to one of claims 8 to 13, - wherein the armature (130) of the electromagnet (100) is arranged radially outside the shaft and is axially displaceable relative to the shaft. [15] Drive unit according to claim 14, - wherein the shaft and the armature (130) are spaced apart from each other at any possible position of the armature (130). [16] Drive unit according to one of claims 14 or 15, - which has a rotary drive element which has a first contact surface, - wherein the armature (130), or an element connected to the armature (130) for axial displacement, has a second contact surface, - wherein in a first position of the armature (130) the first contact surface is in engagement with the second contact surface, and - wherein in a second position of the armature (130) the second contact surface is spaced from the first contact surface. [17] Drive unit according to claim 16, - which has a return spring which is designed to bias the armature (130) into the second position.

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