Method for damping impulses at guide rollers

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for damping an impulse at a guide roller and to a damping pad according to the invention. In the method, a guide roller rotating about a vertical axis on a rail engages with a damping pad made of elastic material, arranged tangentially to the circumference of the guide roller, when a radially acting impulse occurs. To improve the damping of the impulses when acting on the guide roller, the engagement surface of the damping pad facing the guide roller has recesses, and deformation of the damping pad upon an impulse first occurs into a recess.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for damping impulses on track rollers by means of a damping pad and damping pad.

[0002] An arrangement for guiding devices and / or machines moving on rails, in which track rollers are used that roll around a vertical axis along a rail, in particular the side surface of a rail head, is known, for example, from DE 10 2012 111320 B3. The track rollers are usually arranged in pairs on either side of the rail. They are located below a base plate. One track roller lies tangentially against one side of the rail. Opposite the rail is a head plate, on which a damping pad is arranged facing the track roller. If the rail is not straight or if a lateral offset occurs at the transition from one rail to the next, an impulse is exerted on a track roller that acts perpendicular to the track roller axis and can damage the track roller.To prevent or at least mitigate such damage, the damping pad engages with its engagement surface facing the track roller as a result of the application of an impulse. DE 60 2004 000 372 T2 discloses a plate suitable for absorbing compression loads.

[0003] The disadvantage of this known arrangement is that impulses cannot be intercepted optimally.

[0004] The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the damping of the impulses when acting on the track roller.

[0005] This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a damping pad according to claim 5.

[0006] The inventive method for dampening an impulse on a track roller, in which a track roller which rotates on a rail about a vertical axis, provides that when a radially acting impulse occurs, the track roller engages with a damping pad made of elastic material which is arranged tangentially to the circumference of the track roller, wherein the engagement surface of the damping pad has recesses and deformation of the damping pad when an impulse occurs first occurs into a recess. The recesses enable easier deformation of the engagement surface of the damping pad and thus ensure better, i.e. faster and more extensive dissipation of the impulse energy, so that the track roller is less stressed by lateral or tangential impacts or impulses. This increases the service life of the track roller and prevents damage to the devices or machines which are guided by the track roller.

[0007] The deformation of the engagement surface of the damping pad can be elastic or plastic, depending on the intensity of the impulse. In either case, the recesses according to the invention provide space for accommodating material from the damping pad in the immediate vicinity of the track roller. If a plurality of impulses or an extremely large impulse act, plastic deformation of the engagement surface of the damping pad into the recess can occur. According to the invention, the recesses can be leveled so that the engagement surface of the damping pad, which is originally preferably flat, can subsequently become approximately concave. Alternatively, the damping pad can have a convex engagement surface at the beginning of use, which becomes approximately flat by leveling the recesses.

[0008] If further and / or stronger impulses act on the damping pad, an edge contour of the damping pad can also deform elastically or plastically.

[0009] The damping pad according to the invention is made of an elastic material and has an engagement surface provided with a recess. The damping pad is made, for example, of rubber or a synthetic, elastic plastic, e.g., polyamide. It has an engagement surface facing the track roller and is intended to absorb impulses acting on the track roller, which rotates along a rail about a vertical axis. This engagement surface is provided, according to the invention, with at least one recess. The recesses are recessed behind the engagement surface. The damping pad usually has a thickness of 5 mm to 50 mm, often between 8 mm and 25 mm. The length and width of the damping pad can be freely selected, depending on the track roller to be damped and the head plate. The length can, for example, be up to 10 cm and the width up to 8 cm.

[0010] According to an advantageous embodiment, the damping pad has an engagement surface with a closed edge. If the edge or edge contour of the damping pad is closed, i.e., not penetrated by a recess, the damping pad remains intact as a uniform damping pad for longer, even if the edge contour deforms. It does not disintegrate.

[0011] According to a further preferred embodiment, the damping pad has a recess that is circular, oval, or irregularly ring-shaped. More preferably, this annular recess does not extend through the edge of the damping pad. Alternatively or additionally, at least one elongated recess can be provided, advantageously a rod-shaped, zigzag, or spiral recess that does not extend through the edge of the damping pad, e.g., a rod-shaped recess arranged within an annular recess.

[0012] A damping pad with at least two recesses arranged in the engagement surface proves particularly advantageous. While it is possible, particularly with an irregularly annular recess, to achieve a uniform division or distribution of the recess across the engagement surface, it is also possible to incorporate two or more recesses into the engagement surface.

[0013] A further advantageous embodiment of the damping pad provides that the recess or recesses are arranged concentrically, for example in a spiral shape or in concentric rings or ovals.

[0014] The damping pad according to the invention preferably has an engagement surface in which the recesses occupy 10% to 70%, preferably 30% to 50% of the engagement surface. Particularly preferably, a recess is arranged in the center of the engagement surface. Further advantageously, the damping pad has a thickness that is usually between 3 mm and 30 mm. Furthermore, the recess preferably takes up 10% to 80% of the thickness of the damping pad, advantageously 20% to 80% of the thickness, particularly preferably 25% to 60% of the thickness of the damping pad. Finally, it is preferred that a distance of a recess from an edge of the engagement surface corresponds to at least a quarter to a whole width of a recess, advantageously half the width of a recess.Each of the embodiments described above, and in particular a combination of two or more of the embodiments described above, has the effect that the engagement surface does not buckle when an impulse is applied, but rather deforms elastically or plastically in the desired manner in order to keep the load away from the track roller to be damped.

[0015] The recess is advantageously rounded or V-shaped in cross-section to avoid notch stresses. The recess can have a variable cross-section along its length, both in terms of the shape of the cross-section and in terms of the width or depth of the recess. This allows the design of the cross-section of the recess to be configured, for example, depending on the expected loads and / or the position in the engagement surface. A rounded or V-shaped recess results in a damping pad that is wider at the base of the recess than in the plane of the engagement surface. This design also prevents buckling of the engagement surface, particularly in conjunction with the features of the damping pad described above.

[0016] During elastic or plastic deformation, the material of the damping pad initially shifts toward the adjacent recess or fills the recess. The engagement surface of the damping pad is designed by the recess(es) in such a way that the recesses do not cause any buckling effects in the engagement surface. This is achieved both by the rounded or V-shaped cross-section of the recesses and by the measures described above. Avoiding buckling effects ensures that a continuous deformation behavior or profile can be set that is tailored to the occurring load cases or impulses. According to the invention, this ensures optimal damping of impulses while simultaneously ensuring a long service life of the damping pad.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the damping pad is accommodated in a recess in the head plate. The recess is advantageously longer and / or wider than the damping pad, but not as deep as the damping pad. The depth of the recess is preferably approximately 15% to 60% of the thickness of the damping pad, in particular approximately 25% to 35%. Alternatively, the damping pad can be applied, e.g., glued, to the head plate.

[0018] If the damping pad is inserted into a recess in the head plate, it is preferable for the edge of the recess to be designed with a radius of at least 1 mm, preferably up to 3 mm. If the damping pad is elastically or plastically deformed due to the applied impulses to the point where it comes into contact with the edge of the recess, the rounded edge ensures that the damping pad does not become indented. This prevents the damping pad from splitting and ensures a long service life.

[0019] The damping pad according to the invention is preferably used in an arrangement for guiding track rollers. There, it dampens, in particular, impulses that act laterally, e.g., due to offset rails, on the track rollers rotating around a vertical axis.

[0020] It is obvious from the above that the various described embodiments of the invention can be freely combined with one another.

[0021] Details of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures. They show: Fig. 1 a plan view of a schematically illustrated damping pad according to the invention, Fig. 2 a section AA through the damping pad to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a section through a damping pad arranged in a headstock.

[0022] The damping pad 1 is made of elastic plastic, e.g., polyamide. It has a length of 10 cm and a width of 7 cm, for example. The thickness is 1.8 cm, for example. The dimensions of the damping pad 1 can be adjusted depending on the track roller to be damped.

[0023] The damping pad 1 has an engagement surface 2 into which an oval annular recess 3 and a rod-shaped recess 4 are machined. The recess 3 can alternatively be circular or irregularly annular. Optionally, a second annular recess can be arranged, e.g., concentrically to the Fig. 1. The rod-shaped recess 4 is arranged within the oval, annular recess 3. The rod-shaped recess 4 can alternatively be wave-shaped, zigzag-shaped, or spiral-shaped, for example. None of the recesses 3, 4 penetrate an edge 5 of the damping pad 1. The rod-shaped recess 4 penetrates the center of the engagement surface 2.

[0024] At the Fig. 1 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the recesses 3, 4 have a semicircular cross-section. They extend over approximately 20% of the thickness of the damping pad 1. Alternatively, recesses that cover 10% to 80% of the thickness of the damping pad would be possible. The recesses 3, 4 have a uniform cross-section. Alternatively, it is possible to incorporate cross-sections of a recess or recesses that vary along the length, depending on the track roller to be damped or the expected impulses.

[0025] The distance of the recess 3 is, as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, approximately half the width of the recess. Alternatively, it can be chosen smaller, preferably larger. As can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the remaining engagement surface 2 is larger than that of the recesses 3, 4. In the present embodiment, the recesses 3, 4 occupy approximately 30% of the surface of the engagement surface 2. In other embodiments, they can occupy between 10% and 70% of the surface of the engagement surface 2. The edge 5 of the damping pad 1 is closed; it is not penetrated by a recess 3, 4. The recess 4 maintains a distance from the edge 5 of the damping pad that corresponds to half the width of the recess 4. The distance can in particular be selected between a quarter and a full width of a recess.

[0026] Fig. 3 shows the damping pad according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which is arranged in a head plate 6. The head plate 6 is arranged on a base plate, not shown here, in such a way that the head plate can accommodate the damping pad 1 in such a way that, when impulses occur, the damping pad can dampen the track roller (also not shown here), which rotates around a vertical axis and is also arranged on the base plate. The head plate 6 is made of metal, for example. In the embodiment shown here, it has a recess 7. The recess 7 has at least dimensions that are suitable for accommodating the damping pad 1, whereby in the embodiment shown here, the length and width of the recess 7 are greater than the dimensions of the damping pad 1. The recess 7 extends over approximately 40% of the thickness of the head plate 6. It accommodates approximately 30% of the thickness of the damping pad 1. The edge 8 of the head plate 6 is rounded, here with a radius of 1.5 mm.

[0027] The method according to the invention for damping a track roller proceeds as follows: The track roller, which, starting from the example of the Fig. 3, located to the left of the damping pad 1, and rotating about a vertical axis, rolls along a rail. When changing to a subsequent rail that is not perfectly aligned, or when the rail is shifted sideways, an impulse is exerted on the track roller rolling along this rail(s). If undamped, this leads to the track roller quickly deflecting and being destroyed. However, with the damping according to the invention, the service life of the track roller can be significantly extended.

[0028] The impulse is transferred from the track roller to the damping pad 1 opposite it or, when the impulse is applied, to the engagement surface 2, and is absorbed and dissipated by the damping pad 1. This occurs because the material of the damping pad 1 initially deforms elastically, from the engagement surface 2 into the recesses 3, 4. The path from the impact of the impulse on the engagement surface 2 to the recess 3, 4 is short, and the above-described, inventive design of the damping pad 1, in which more material is present at the base or bottom of the recess 3, 4 than at the engagement surface 2, prevents undesired buckling of the engagement surface 2 when damping an impulse.

[0029] If the impulse to be dampened is so large that plastic deformation of the damping pad 1 occurs during damping, the material of the damping pad 1 is displaced from the engagement surface 2 in the direction of the recesses 3, 4, so that the recesses 3, 4 become flatter or are leveled. Accordingly, the engagement surface 2 becomes concave. Furthermore, when damping large impulses, the edge 5 of the damping pad can be displaced outwards, so that the damping pad 1 first fills the recess 7 and then slides over the edge 8. In order to keep the damping pad 1 usable for as long as possible even in this deformed state and to optimally ensure damping of occurring impulses for as long as possible, the edge 8 of the recess is preferably rounded so that the edge 5 of the damping pad 1 is not damaged.

[0030] Table 1 shows a measurement of the damping effect on a damping pad without a recess and on damping pads according to the invention. All damping pads have a height of approximately 10 mm. The length of the damping pads is 100 mm, the width is 50 mm. The damping pads are inserted into a head plate with a 4 mm recess. A 10 mm thick plate is used as the test specimen. The test is carried out by applying a compressive force using a hydraulic press to the plate, which rests against the engagement surface, whereby the spring travel (specified in Table 1 as "travel in mm") is increased by 0.5 mm from test to test up to a maximum deflection of the spring or track roller of 4 mm in total. The force required to deflect the spring in each case is recorded immediately at the end of the test, before the value can be changed due to settling loss.

[0031] It was previously determined for all damping pads that no loss of height of the damping pad was detectable after a single actuation of the spring. All damping pads were initially preloaded three times. The values ​​shown in Table 1 were then determined. Damping pad 2 features four evenly distributed, continuous recesses that extend through the edge of the damping pad. Damping pad 3 features four evenly distributed, parallel recesses that do not extend through the edge of the damping pad. Damping pad 4 features a first, centrally arranged, oval recess with a second, elongated recess at its center that does not extend through the first, outer recess. All recesses are 7 mm wide and 4 mm deep, with a U-shaped cross-section. The recesses in test specimens 3 and 4 are at least 5 mm away from the edge of the damping pad. Weg in mm Kraft in kN Nr.1 Nr.2 Nr.3 Nr.4 0,0 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 5,0 4,0 4,0 5,8 1,0 11,0 10,0 10,0 11,0 1,5 16,0 15,0 15,5 15,0 2,0 22,0 20,0 21,0 19,0 2,5 32,0 26,0 28,0 24,0 3,0 48,0 37,0 40,0 35,0 3,5 71,0 56,0 59,0 52,0 4,0 107,0 85,0 91,0 80,0

[0032] It is shown that the damping pad without recesses (test specimen no. 1) allows an approximately linear force absorption up to a spring deflection of 2 mm; thereafter, the force absorption increases disproportionately.

[0033] The damping pads or test specimens 2 to 4, each of which has recesses, exhibit an approximately linear force absorption up to a spring deflection of approximately 2.5 mm. After that, these test specimens also exhibit a disproportionate force absorption, which, however, is significantly lower than that of test specimen 1 without recesses.

[0034] The force absorption of test specimen 4, which features a closed, oval recess and a linear recess within the oval recess, shows approximately 25% less force absorption at a spring travel of 4 mm. Test specimen 3 shows the smallest deviation from the damping pad without a recess. Nevertheless, this value is still 15% lower than that of test specimen 1. List of reference symbols 1 damping pad 2 Intervention area 3 Oval ring-shaped recess 4 Rod-shaped recess 5 Edge of the damping pad 6 headstock 7 Deepening 8 edge

Claims

[1] Method for damping an impulse on a track roller, in which a track roller which rotates about a vertical axis on a rail, engages with a damping pad (1) made of elastic material which is arranged tangentially to the circumference of the track roller when a radially acting impulse occurs, wherein the engagement surface (2) of the damping pad (1) facing the track roller has recesses (3, 4) and a deformation of the damping pad (1) when an impulse occurs first takes place into a recess (3, 4). [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by that the deformation displaces elastic material of the damping pad (1) into the recess (3, 4). [3] Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the deformation of the elastic material leads to the leveling of the recesses (3, 4). [4] Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized bythat the action of an impulse after leveling of the recesses (3, 4) leads to the deformation of an edge (5) of the damping pad (1). [5] Damping pad (1) for damping an impulse on a track roller, wherein the damping pad (1) is made of an elastic material and has an engagement surface (2) which is provided with a recess (3, 4). [6] Damping pad (1) according to claim 5, characterized by that the engagement surface (2) has a closed edge (5). [7] Damping pad (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by that the recess (3, 4) is circular, oval, irregularly ring-shaped or elongated. [8] Damping pad (1) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized by that at least two recesses (3, 4) are arranged in the engagement surface. [9] Damping pad (1) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized bythat the recesses (3, 4) are arranged concentrically. [10] Damping pad (1) according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized by that the recesses (3, 4) occupy 10% to 70% of the engagement surface (2). [11] Damping pad (1) according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized by that the damping pad (1) has a thickness and that the recesses (3, 4) take up 10% to 80% of the thickness of the damping pad (1). [12] Damping pad (1) according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized by that a distance of a recess (4) from an edge (5) of the engagement surface corresponds to at least a quarter to a whole width of a recess (4). [13] Damping pad (1) according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized by that the recess (3, 4) has a variable cross-section over its length. [14] Damping pad (1) according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized by that it is inserted into or attached to a headstock. [15] Damping pad (1) according to claim 14, characterized by that the head plate has a recess.

Images