Method for controlling a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle, door or flap drive for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle with a door or flap drive

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle, wherein an actuating movement of an actuator (39) of the door or flap drive (38) is triggered by means of a control (42) if the following conditions are met: the rate of increase (S1) of an output signal (F) of a sensor (18) lies within a predetermined value range (S0; S2) and the output signal (F) of the sensor (18) is greater than a predetermined threshold value (F1) within a predetermined time interval (t1; t2); in addition, at least one safety condition of a safety device (41) is met.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for controlling a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle. The present invention further relates to a door or flap drive for a motor vehicle and to a motor vehicle having such a door or flap drive.Document US20100102978A1 relates to a keyless entry system for access control of a room door and to a method for controlling the closed state of a closing system. Document CN106696878A relates to a system for securely opening a vehicle door after parking. Document CN2073112669U relates to a warning system for a vehicle door. Documents JPH06227252A, CN109305125A and JP2013028903A relate to systems for opening and closing a vehicle door.Doors and flaps of modern motor vehicles often have drive systems for automatically opening and closing the respective doors and flaps or for assisting in opening and closing the respective doors and flaps. These drive systems can be actuated, for example, with external switches or sensors facing the vehicle environment or with internal switches or sensors facing the passenger compartment.In particular for external switches and sensors, there is a technical challenge in differentiating between an operator command and environmental influences acting on the switches and sensors in order to avoid undesired opening of the door or flap in question.A classic example of an undesired opening of a trunk lid is the passing through a wash line. In this case, the vehicle key, the presence of which is frequently required in the vicinity of the vehicle as an additional condition for executing an opening command, is located inside the vehicle and the mechanical pressure of the washing brushes and / or of a directed water jet on the relevant switch or sensor can be interpreted as an opening command which triggers the opening of the trunk lid. This is made more difficult by the fact that some wash lines permit operation only with the engine running. The same applies, for example, to the use of a high-pressure cleaner. It will be appreciated that such a malfunction is not accepted by the end customers and this malfunction may result in considerable damage to the vehicle in question.The vehicle cleaning example described above is only one of many examples of how far environmental influences may lead to erroneous detection of an operator command. A further example of this is wind loads or regulating blows acting on the vehicle and the corresponding sensors and switches, which can likewise trigger undesired opening or closing of a door or flap. Furthermore, for example, a mere leaning of a person against a vehicle, wherein the person in question has no intention to open a door or flap of the vehicle, should not be recognized as an opening command.Overall, therefore, there is the technical problem of specifying a method for controlling a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle, a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle having such a door or flap drive, which are suitable for distinguishing the action of environmental influences from the presence of an actual operator command as reliably as possible and in this way for preventing false triggerings of door and flap drives.The technical problem described above is solved in each case by the features of the independent claims. Further embodiments of the invention are evident from the dependent claims and the description below.The invention is based on the concept of using a switching device having a sensor, the output signal of which is analyzed with regard to a plurality of features or conditions which are characteristic of actuation by a human operator. In addition, the triggering of an opening or closing movement of the door or flap drive depends on one or more safety conditions in order to avoid false triggerings of the door or flap drive or disengagements under non-safe conditions. Furthermore, the sensor behavior can be individualized for the relevant vehicle operator.According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for controlling a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle, having the method steps: actuation of a switching device of the door or flap drive of a motor vehicle by an operator, wherein the switching device has a sensor, in particular a force sensor or a travel sensor, and wherein the sensor generates an output signal as a function of an actuation force acting on the sensor; generating a first control signal for triggering an actuating movement of the door or flap drive by means of a controller, wherein the first control signal is generated if the following conditions are fulfilled: a rise speed of the output signal of the sensor lies within a predefined value range and the output signal of the sensor is greater than a predefined threshold value within a predefined time period, wherein the predefined value range and the predefined time period have been defined on the basis of calibration data and wherein the sensor has been repeatedly actuated for generating the calibration data; generating a second control signal for triggering an actuating movement of a servomotor of the door or flap drive by means of the controller, wherein the second control signal is generated if at least one safety condition of a safety device is fulfilled; triggering an actuating movement of the door or flap drive by means of the controller if both the first control signal and the second control signal are present.The applicant has recognized that the rate of rise of the output signal of the sensor and the time interval within which a predetermined threshold value is exceeded are characteristic features of the actuation of a switching device by a human operator.Thus, a person who actuates, for example, a switching device designed as a pressure switch will usually apply a moderately increasing pressure, hold this pressure for a short period of time, in order then to end the pressure application again. A signal curve resulting from this can be distinguished from a signal curve which arises, for example, as a result of a situation described in the introduction in a wash line, under wind load or as a result of hammer blow. This is because a pressure application by washing brushes has a strongly pulsating course and a pressure application by a water jet or hair has an abrupt increase, which would usually not occur when operated by a user by hand.The triggering of an actuating movement of the door or flap drive by means of the controller is achieved in particular in that the controller sends a control command to a servomotor of the door or flap drive or triggers a servomotor of the door or flap drive.In particular, the switching device can be configured for pressure actuation, having a front plate, wherein the front plate has an actuation side which, in the fully assembled state, faces an operator, wherein an actuation direction is oriented substantially perpendicular to a front surface of the front plate, having a fastening structure, wherein the front plate is connected to the fastening structure in the region of a fastening side facing away from the actuation side, and wherein the front plate is coupled to the sensor.The attachment structure may include one or more spring elements for defining an actuation force. Accordingly, a force which is required for actuating the switching device or which is required for moving the front plate along an actuating path can be predefined by the number and / or dimensioning of the one or more spring elements.An adjustment or specification of an actuation profile can therefore be effected by means of the spring elements, wherein, depending on the application, for example, a progressive, soft or hard characteristic can be specified. The spring elements can simultaneously serve for mounting or suspending the front plate.The front plate can be provided for applying a logo of a vehicle manufacturer or can have the logo of a vehicle manufacturer. The front plate may have an area of more than 10 cm 2 for example, and may have an area of less than 100 cm 2 for example.If a "door or flap drive" is mentioned here, this is in particular a drive for partially automatic or fully automatic movement of the respectively assigned vehicle door or vehicle flap. The relevant drive can therefore assist an opening and / or closing of the vehicle door or door or can carry out the opening and / or closing of the vehicle door or door fully automatically. In particular, the drive can have a motor or servomotor for partially automatic or fully automatic pivoting of the vehicle door or door or can have a motor or servomotor for partially automatic or fully automatic displacement of the vehicle door or door. In particular, mechanical components for transmission or reduction of the motor movement can be assigned to the motor, such as a spindle operation or the like. The motor can alternatively be designed as a direct drive.Doors of motor vehicles according to the present text are, according to common usage of the language, for example the driver and passenger doors and the rear social doors, which allow persons to access the passenger compartment. These can be pivotable doors or sliding doors.Flaps of motor vehicles according to the present text are, according to the usual usage of language, for example the engine hood, the trunk flap or flaps which allow access to the tank opening or to the charging interface of a motor vehicle, i.e. generally inspection or maintenance flaps.The terms "vehicle" and "motor vehicle" are used interchangeably herein. The terms "vehicle door" and "door" are used interchangeably herein. The terms "vehicle flap" and "flap" are used interchangeably herein. The terms "motor" and "servomotor" are used interchangeably in the present text.It can be provided that the generation of the calibration data takes place before the installation of the sensor into the motor vehicle and after the installation of the sensor into the motor vehicle an adaptation of the predetermined value range and / or of the threshold value takes place in order to compensate for a tensioning state of the sensor resulting from the installation. That is to say that after installation, first no recalibration in the sense of a multiple defined application of force to the sensor is necessary. For example, the adaptation of the predefined value range and / or of the threshold value can serve to compensate for a zero-point shift arising from the state of clamping and / or a compliance profile of the sensor that is changed by the state of clamping.Alternatively, it can be provided that the generation of the calibration data takes place after the sensor has been installed in the motor vehicle.Alternatively, it can be provided that the generation of the calibration data takes place before and after the installation of the sensor in the motor vehicle.Generating the calibration data comprises, in particular, a multiple defined application of force to the sensor. Thus, a relationship between an actuating force applied to the sensor and the output signal of the sensor can be detected.According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the second control signal is generated depending on the presence of one or more of the safety conditions listed below: a speed of the motor vehicle is lower than a predefined speed limit value, in particular lower than 5 km / h, lower than a step speed or the like; there are no collision warnings of environmental and / or interior sensors of the motor vehicle; a digital and / or physical vehicle key of the motor vehicle is located in the immediate vicinity of the motor vehicle, in particular within a predefined distance range around the motor vehicle; an emergency locking system or special locking system of the vehicle is not present.It can further be provided that the second control signal is generated depending on the presence of one or more of the safety conditions listed below: there is no person on the driver's seat of the motor vehicle; there is a person on the driver's seat of the motor vehicle and this person actuates an additional switching device for manual release of the switching device. In this way, it is possible to prevent an overfall from occurring at a traffic light, for example, by an undesired person using the sensor to open a door or tailgate. Furthermore, the residual risk that, however, for example in a washing facility with a running engine, the sensor generates a valid signal for opening a door or flap can be counteracted by means of the additional switching device. The additional switching device can be a switch or a button, for example.According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that a re-calibration of the sensor takes place while the motor vehicle is in driving operation.According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that a re-calibration of the sensor takes place while the motor vehicle is at a standstill.According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that for re-calibration of the sensor, one or more output signals are used which result from a previous actuation of the switching device by an operator, wherein in particular an averaging is carried out from a plurality of output signals which result from a plurality of previous actuations of the switching device by an operator, wherein in particular an adaptation of the predefined value range and / or of the threshold value is carried out. In this way, the sensor behavior can be adapted to an actuation behavior of the operator.According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that a re-calibration of the sensor takes place after the sensor has been pressed through, in particular after the sensor has been pressed through up to a stop. The pressing through of the sensor can lead to a tensioning thereof and / or to deformations of mechanical components. The re-calibration after the pressing therefore enables reliable operation of the sensor or of the switching device, comparable to the previously described procedure after the initial assembly.According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the re-calibration of the sensor takes place as a function of a plausibility check, wherein in particular an adaptation of the predefined value range and / or of the threshold value and / or of the predefined time period only takes place if a respective value range lies within predefined plausibility limit values. Here, values that are remote from reality are to be excluded, so that a re-calibration of the sensor cannot lead to the sensor becoming unusable or no longer operable, since, for example, an irrealistically high force threshold or an excessively long holding duration is set.According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the generation of the first control signal for triggering an actuating movement of the door or flap drive takes place by means of the controller, provided that one or more of the following conditions are additionally fulfilled: the output signal of the sensor is less than the predetermined threshold value after the predetermined period of time; a rise time of the output signal of the sensor lies within a predetermined value range.According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a door or flap drive for a motor vehicle, having a controller, wherein the controller is configured in particular for carrying out a method according to the invention, having a switching device of the door or flap drive, wherein the switching device has a sensor and wherein the sensor is configured to generate an output signal as a function of an actuating force acting on the sensor; wherein the controller is configured to generate a first control signal for triggering an actuating movement of the door or flap drive, wherein the first control signal is generated if the following conditions are fulfilled: a rise speed of the output signal of the sensor lies within a predefined value range and the output signal of the sensor is greater than a predefined threshold value within a predefined time period, wherein the predefined value range and the predefined time period have been defined on the basis of calibration data, wherein the sensor has been repeatedly actuated for generating the calibration data; having a safety device, wherein the controller is configured to generate a second control signal for triggering the actuating movement of the actuator of the door or flap drive, wherein the controller is configured to generate the second control signal if at least one safety condition of the safety device is fulfilled; wherein the controller is configured to trigger an execution of an adjusting movement of a servomotor of the door or flap drive, provided both the first control signal and the second control signal are present.According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a motor vehicle, wherein the motor vehicle has a door or flap drive according to the invention.The invention is described below with reference to a drawing illustrating exemplary embodiments. They show in each case schematically: FIG. 1 shows a switching device in a front view; FIG. 2 shows the switching device from FIG. 1 in a side view; FIG. 3 shows a detail of a motor vehicle with a shifting device from FIG. 1 in a side view; FIG. 4 shows a force profile, plotted over a time axis; FIG. 5 shows a further force profile, plotted over a time axis; FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention; FIG. 7 shows a further flow chart of a method according to the invention; FIG. 8 shows a further flow chart of a method according to the invention; FIG. 9 shows a further flow chart of a method according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows a switching device 2 in a front view. The switching device 2 serves for actuating a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle.The switching device 2 has a front plate 4. The front plate 4 has a logo L, which is exemplarily star-shaped in the present case. The logo L represents a place holder for any logo of a vehicle manufacturer.The front plate 4 has an actuating side 6 which, in the fully assembled state, faces an operator. An actuation direction 8 is oriented substantially perpendicular to a front surface 10 of the front plate 4 (FIG. 2 ).The switching device 2 has a fixing structure 12 (FIG. 2 ).The front plate 4 is connected to the fastening structure 12 in the region of a fastening side 14 facing away from the actuating side 6.The fastening structure 12 has four spring elements 16.The switching device 2 has a sensor 18 for detecting a contact and actuation of the front plate 4. In the present example, the sensor 18 is a force sensor 18.The spring elements 16 are straps 16 in the present case. Each of the straps 16 has a first fastening section 20 and has a second fastening section 22. The spring elements 16 have a progressive spring characteristic.The respective first fastening portion 20 of a respective tab 16 extends laterally beyond the front plate 4 as viewed in the front view shown in FIG. 1. The respective second fastening portion 22 of a respective tab 16 is fastened to the front plate 4 (FIG. 2 ).The dotted circles describe, according to FIG. 1, by way of example pressure points P, in the region of which an operator may actuate the switching device 2 in practice. Due to the arrangement of the first fastening sections 20, tilting of the front plate 2 can be avoided to the greatest possible extent even when operated in the region of the edges.The sensor 18 in the present case comprises an inductive displacement sensor, which has a first component 24 and a second component 26.The first component 24 is detachably and interchangeably held on the front plate 4.The second component 26 is releasably and interchangeably retained on the mounting structure 12.The second component 24 of the sensor 18 is configured to detect an approach of the first component 24 to the second component 26. By way of the travel measurement by the inductive travel sensor and the spring characteristic of the spring elements, an actuating force of an operator can be deduced. The travel signal can therefore be converted into a force signal by means of the known spring characteristic. For calibration, the front plate can be repeatedly acted upon with a defined force or with defined force profiles in order to detect the output signal of the sensor 18 as a function of an actuating force.The spring elements 16 are held by means of holders 28 on a base plate 30 of the fastening structure 12.The sensor 18 is enclosed by a rubber sleeve 32 in the present case in order to shield the sensor 18 from an environment U and, for example, to protect it from moisture and / or dirt. According to alternative exemplary embodiments, it may be provided that a rubber sleeve or seal is provided which encloses a larger region in a sealing manner than the rubber sleeve 32 shown here. Such a seal could, for example, abut a vehicle chassis.Associated with the faceplate 4 is a means 34 for generating a haptic signal to a user touching the faceplate. The device 34 serves, for example, to output micromovements as feedback to a user. In the present case, a respective stop 44 of the fastening structure 12 serves to limit an actuation path along the actuation direction 8.The micromovements can be, for example, movements of the front plate 4 in the range of, for example, 50-500 μm, wherein the movements are carried out along and / or counter to the actuation direction 8. The movements can be, for example, in the form of a vibration or in the form of one or more counter movements in a direction opposite to the exertion of pressure by an operator.FIG. 3 shows an exemplary and partial view of a motor vehicle 36 according to the invention.The motor vehicle 36 has a flap drive 38 according to the invention with a servomotor 39 for moving a vehicle flap 40 of the motor vehicle 36.The motor vehicle 36 also has a shifting device 2 described above.The motor vehicle 36 has a controller 42 which is connected to the switching device 2, to the actuating motor 39 and to a safety device 41.The control 42 serves to control the servomotor 39 as a function of a signal of the sensor 18 of the switching device 2 and as a function of a signal of the safety device 41.In this case, a movement and / or deformation of the front plate 4 due to an exertion of force by an operator is detected by means of the sensor 18, in which an approach of the first component 24 to the second component 26 of the sensor 18 is measured. Depending on the measured distance, a force profile of the exerted actuating force of the operator can be measured on the basis of the known spring characteristic. Thus, an applied force is measured for a predetermined period of time. FIG. 4 shows, by way of example, a measured force profile F over time T of an operator actuation by applying pressure to the front plate 4.The controller 42 is configured to generate a first control signal for triggering an actuating movement of the actuating motor 39 of the flap drive 38, wherein the first control signal is generated if the following conditions are fulfilled: a rise speed S 1 of the output signal F of the sensor 18 lies within a predefined value range S 0 to S 2 (for short: S 0-S 2), with S 0<S 1<S 2.The output signal F of the sensor 18 is greater than a predefined threshold value F1 within a predefined time period t1 to t2 (for short: t1 to t2).The predefined value range S 0-S 2 and the predefined time period t 1-t 2 have been defined on the basis of calibration data, wherein the sensor 18 or the switching device 2 has been repeatedly actuated in order to generate the calibration data.The controller 42 is configured to generate a second control signal for triggering the actuating movement of the actuating motor 39 of the flap drive 38, wherein the second control signal is generated by means of the controller 42 if at least one safety condition of the safety device 41 is fulfilled, namely in the present case that a speed of the motor vehicle is lower than a predefined speed limit value of 5 km / h. The safety device 41 therefore in the present case passes on a current vehicle speed to the controller 42.The controller 42 is configured to trigger the execution of an adjusting movement of the servomotor 39 of the flap drive 38 if both the first control signal and the second control signal are present.However, if the controller 42 recognizes, for example, the pulsations illustrated by way of example in FIG. 5, which indicate, for example, a wash line or a comparable cleaning device, the vehicle flap 40 is not opened. Thus, undesired opening of the vehicle flap 40 can be avoided.FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention, having the method steps: (A) actuation of the switching device 2 of the flap drive 38 of the motor vehicle 36 by an operator, wherein a signal F according to FIG. 4 IS GENERATED; (B) GENERATION OF A FIRST CONTROL SIGNAL FOR TRIGGERING THE ACTUATING MOVEMENT OF THE ACTUATING MOTOR 39 OF THE FLAP DRIVE 38 BY MEANS OF THE CONTROLLER 42, WHEREIN THE FIRST CONTROL SIGNAL IS GENERATED SINCE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE FULFILLED: THE RISE SPEED S 1 OF THE OUTPUT SIGNAL F OF THE SENSOR 18 LIES WITHIN THE PREDEFINED VALUE RANGE S 0-S 2 and the output signal F of the sensor 18 is greater than the predefined threshold value F 1 within the predefined time period t 1-t 2; generating the second control signal for triggering the actuating movement of the actuating motor 39 of the flap drive 38 by means of the controller 42, wherein the second control signal is generated since the safety condition of the safety device 41 is fulfilled, whereupon the vehicle speed is less than 5 km / h; (C) triggering the actuating movement of the actuating motor 39 of the flap drive 38 by means of the controller 42, since both the first control signal and the second control signal are present.FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of a further method according to the invention, wherein a further method step (K1) is placed in front of method steps (A), (B) and (C), wherein method step (K1) comprises the features that the calibration data is generated before the sensor 18 is installed in the motor vehicle 36 and after the sensor is installed in the motor vehicle 36 the predefined value range S1-S2 and / or the threshold value F1 is adjusted in order to compensate for a stress state of the sensor 18 resulting from the installation.FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of a further method according to the invention, wherein method steps (A), (B) and (C) are preceded by a further method step (K2), wherein method step (K2) comprises the features that the generation of the calibration data takes place after the installation of the sensor 18 into the motor vehicle 36.FIG. 9 shows a flow chart of a further method according to the invention, wherein method steps (A), (B) and (C) are preceded by further method steps (K 1, K 2) and a method step (K 3) is followed, wherein the generation of the calibration data takes place before and after the installation of the sensor 18 in the motor vehicle 36. Furthermore, method step (K 3) may include a recalibration of sensor 18 while motor vehicle 36 is in driving operation.The method step (K3) can likewise be combined with the method variants of FIGS. 6, 7 and 8.In the present case, a plurality of output signals F of the sensor 18 are used for re-calibration of the sensor 18, which result from previous actuations of the switching device 2 by an operator, wherein averaging is carried out from a plurality of output signals, which result from the plurality of previous actuations of the switching device by an operator, and wherein adaptation of the predefined value range S 1-S 2 and of the threshold value F 1 is carried out. Thus, the shifting behavior of the shifting device can be adapted, i.e. individualized, to the usual application of force by the operator.If a first operator of a first vehicle regularly actuates the subject switching device 2 of the relevant first vehicle rather smoothly and with a strong application of force, the values for S 1 and S 2 and for F 1 can be increased. If a second operator of a second vehicle actuates the subject switching device 2 of the subject second vehicle regularly rather moderately and with little force application, the values for S 1 and S 2 and for F 1 can be reduced.The values for S 1 and S 2 and for F 1 can therefore be adapted to an operator behavior.It can be provided that a re-calibration of the sensor 18 takes place after a pressing through of the sensor 18, in particular after a pressing through of the sensor 18 up to a stop. The pressing through may create a stress state in the sensor 18, similar to the first assembly described above, or may result in plastic deformation of individual mechanical components that alter a relative position of the elements of the sensor 18. Re-calibration of the sensor 18 after the push-through continues to allow reliable operation.The re-calibration of the sensor 18 can take place as a function of a plausibility check, wherein in particular an adaptation of the predefined value range S 1-S 2 and / or the threshold value F 1 and / or the predefined time period t 1-t 2 only takes place if a respective value range or threshold value lies within predefined plausibility limit values.The generation of the first control signal for triggering the actuating movement of the flap drive 38 by means of the controller 42 can additionally be dependent on one or more of the following conditions: the output signal of the sensor is less than the predetermined threshold value F1 after the predetermined time period t1-t2; a rise time of the output signal F of the sensor lies within a predetermined value range.Alternatively or additionally to checking the vehicle speed, the second control signal can be generated depending on the presence of one or more of the safety conditions listed below: there are no collision warnings of environmental and / or interior sensors of the motor vehicle; a digital and / or physical vehicle key of the motor vehicle is located in the vicinity of the motor vehicle, in particular within a predefined distance range around the vehicle; an emergency locking or special locking of the vehicle is not present; there is no person on the driver's seat of the motor vehicle; there is a person on the driver's seat of the motor vehicle and this person actuates an additional switching device for manually releasing the switching device.Reference numerals denote reference numerals2 Shifting device 4 front plate 6 actuation side 8 actuation direction 10 front surface 12 fastening structure 14 fastening side 16 spring element 18 sensor / sensor 20 fastening section 22 fastening section 24 first component 26 second component 28 holders 30 base plate 32 rubber sleeve 34 device for generating a haptic signal 36 motor vehicle 38 flap drive 39 servomotor 40 vehicle flap 41 safety device 42 controller 44 stop L logo U environment (A) method step (B) method step (C) method step (K1) method step (K2) method step (K3) method stepReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedUS 20100102978A1

[0002] CN106696878A

[0002] CN 20731126U

[0002] JPH06227252A

[0002] CN 109305125A

[0002] JP 2013028903A

[0002]

Claims

Method for controlling a door or flap drive of a motor vehicle, having the method steps: - actuation of a switching device (2) of the door or flap drive (38) of the motor vehicle (36) by an operator, - wherein the switching device (2) has a sensor (18), in particular a force sensor (18) or a travel sensor, and - wherein the sensor (18) generates an output signal (F) as a function of an actuating force acting on the sensor (18); generating a first control signal for triggering an adjusting movement of a servomotor (39) of the door or flap drive (38) by means of a controller (42), wherein the first control signal is generated if the following conditions are fulfilled: - a rise speed (S1) of the output signal (F) of the sensor (18) lies within a predefined value range (S0; S2) and - the output signal (F) of the sensor (18) is greater than a predefined threshold value (F1) within a predefined time period (t1; t2), - wherein the predefined value range (S0; S2) and the predefined time period (t1; t2) have been defined on the basis of calibration data and wherein the sensor (18) has been repeatedly actuated in order to generate the calibration data; generating a second control signal for triggering the actuating movement of the actuating motor (39) of the door or flap drive (38) by means of the controller (42), wherein the second control signal is generated if at least one safety condition of a safety device (41) is fulfilled; triggering the actuating movement of the actuating motor (39) of the door or flap drive (38) by means of the controller (42) if both the first control signal and the second control signal are present.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that - the calibration data is generated before the sensor (18) is installed in the motor vehicle (36) and, after the sensor (18) is installed in the motor vehicle (36), the predefined value range and / or the threshold value is adjusted in order to compensate for a state of stress on the sensor (18) resulting from the installation; or - the calibration data is generated after the sensor (18) is installed in the motor vehicle (36), or - the calibration data is generated before and after the sensor (18) is installed in the motor vehicle (36).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second control signal is generated in dependence on the presence of one or more of the safety conditions listed below: - a speed of the motor vehicle (36) is less than a predefined speed limit value, in particular less than 5 km / h, less than a step speed or the like; - there are no collision warnings of environmental and / or interior sensors of the motor vehicle (36); - a digital and / or physical vehicle key of the motor vehicle (36) is located in the immediate vicinity (U) of the motor vehicle (36), in particular within a predefined distance range around the motor vehicle (36); - an emergency locking system or special locking system of the motor vehicle (36) is not present; - there is no person on the driver's seat of the motor vehicle; a person is located on the driver's seat of the motor vehicle and this person actuates an additional switching device for manually releasing the switching device.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a re-calibration of the sensor (18) takes place while the motor vehicle (36) is in the driving mode or a re-calibration of the sensor (18) takes place while the motor vehicle (36) is in the standstill.Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that - an output signal (F) or a plurality of output signals (F) which result from a prior actuation of the switching device (2) by an operator are used for recalibration of the sensor (18), - wherein averaging is carried out in particular from a plurality of output signals (F) which result from a plurality of prior actuations of the switching device (2) by an operator, - wherein the predefined value range and / or the threshold value is adjusted in particular.Method according to either of Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the sensor (18) is re-calibrated after the sensor (18) has been pressed through, in particular after the sensor (18) has been pressed through up to a stop (44).Method according to one of the preceding Claims 4-6, characterized in that - the re-calibration of the sensor (18) takes place as a function of a plausibility check, - wherein in particular an adaptation of the predefined value range and / or of the threshold value and / or of the predefined time period only takes place if a respective value range lies within predefined plausibility limit values.Method according to one of the preceding claims 4 - 7, characterized in that the generation of the first control signal for triggering an actuating movement of the door or flap drive (38) takes place by means of the controller (42), provided that one or more of the following conditions are additionally fulfilled: - the output signal of the sensor (18) is less than the predetermined threshold value after the predetermined time period; - a rise time of the output signal of the sensor (18) lies within a predetermined value range.Door or flap drive for a motor vehicle, - with a controller (42), wherein the controller (42) is configured in particular for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 1 - 8, - with a switching device (2) of the door or flap drive (38), - wherein the switching device (2) has a sensor (18), and - wherein the sensor (18) is configured to generate an output signal as a function of an actuating force acting on the sensor (18); wherein the controller (42) is configured to generate a first control signal for triggering an actuating movement of a servomotor (39) of the door or flap drive (38), wherein the first control signal is generated if the following conditions are fulfilled: - a rise speed of the output signal of the sensor (18) lies within a predefined value range and - the output signal of the sensor is greater than a predefined threshold value within a predefined time period, - wherein the predefined value range and the predefined time period have been defined on the basis of calibration data, wherein the sensor (18) has been repeatedly actuated in order to generate the calibration data; a safety device (41), wherein the controller (42) is configured to generate a second control signal for triggering the actuating movement of the actuating motor (39) of the door or flap drive (38), wherein the controller (42) is configured to generate the second control signal if at least one safety condition of the safety device (41) is fulfilled; wherein the controller (42) is configured to trigger an execution of an actuating movement of the actuating motor (39) of the door or flap drive (48) if both the first control signal and the second control signal are present.Motor vehicle, characterized in that the motor vehicle (36) has a door or flap drive (38) according to Claim 9.

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