Winding, component for an electric machine, electric machine and motor vehicle

Abstract

A component (100) of an electric machine (105) has an annular laminated core (115) with a plurality of webs (118, 128, 138) and a plurality of slot groups (102, 104) extending axially through the laminated core (115). On a connection side (112) of a winding (110) for the component (100), a connection section (113) of a first sub-strand (a1) is arranged axially above a connection section (123) of a second sub-strand (a2), the latter axially above a connection section (133) of a third sub-strand (a3), and the latter axially above a connection section (143) of a fourth sub-strand (a4).The connecting section (113) of the first sub-strand (a1) is longer than the connecting section of the second sub-strand (a2), the connecting section (123) of the second sub-strand (a2) is longer than the connecting section (133) of the third sub-strand (a3), and the connecting section (133) of the third sub-strand (a3) ​​is longer than the connecting section (143) of the fourth sub-strand (a4).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a winding, a component for an electrical machine, an electrical machine and a motor vehicle.

[0002] Electrical machines may include components with windings made of, for example, copper wires for conducting electrical energy to generate magnetic fields.

[0003] Against this background, the present invention provides an improved winding, an improved component for an electric machine, an improved electric machine, an improved electric axle drive, and an improved motor vehicle according to the main claims. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims and the following description.

[0004] The winding presented here advantageously has a compact circuit, which saves axial space.

[0005] A winding is provided for a component of an electrical machine, wherein the component has an annular laminated core with a plurality of webs and a plurality of slot groups extending axially through the laminated core. Each slot group comprises a plurality of slots for receiving input sections and output sections of partial strands of at least one winding strand of the winding in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. Adjacent slot groups are each spaced from one another by one of the webs of the laminated core. On a connecting side of the winding, a connecting section of a first partial strand is arranged axially above a connecting section of a second partial strand of the partial strands.The connecting section of the second sub-strand is arranged axially above a connecting section of a third sub-strand, and the connecting section of the third sub-strand is arranged axially above a connecting section of a fourth sub-strand. The connecting section of the first sub-strand is longer than the connecting section of the second sub-strand. The connecting section of the second sub-strand is longer than the connecting section of the third sub-strand, and the connecting section of the third sub-strand is longer than the connecting section of the fourth sub-strand.

[0006] The electrical machine can be, for example, an electric drive or another electrical machine, for example for a vehicle. The electrical machine can comprise various components, such as a rotor and a stator, similar to known electric motors. The component, for example an annular stator, can be designed as a laminated core made up of several individual sheets, through which the slots for receiving the partial strands and the bridging partial strand of the winding extend. The slots can be numbered along the circumference of the laminated core so that each slot can be assigned a unique position. Each of the slots can accommodate a plurality of partial strands, which can be arranged radially adjacent in the slot. The number of partial strands that can be accommodated by a slot can correspond to a number of winding layers.Thus, the winding layers can represent different sections of the slots. The winding can, for example, be a flat wire winding, whose individual strands can be designed as so-called hairpin wires, i.e., electrically conductive wires with a hairpin-like geometry. The individual strands can, for example, be inserted into the corresponding slots in the laminated core and interconnected on one side of the winding. A connecting side can be understood as a side of the winding on which the connecting sections of the strands are arranged.

[0007] The approach presented here can therefore also be understood as a single-phase distributed winding and / or a single-phase stamped and braided winding for an electrical machine. The winding presented here can have a small axial space requirement.

[0008] The connecting section of the fourth sub-strand can span one web of the webs of the laminated core. The connecting section of the third sub-strand can span the fourth sub-strand, the web, and two slots of the laminated core. The connecting section of the second sub-strand can span the third sub-strand, the fourth sub-strand, the web, and four slots of the laminated core. The connecting section of the first sub-strand can span the sub-strands, the web, and six slots of the laminated core. More precisely, the connecting section of the first sub-strand can span the second sub-strand, the third sub-strand, and the fourth sub-strand. The arrangement of the sub-strands enables a compact design of the winding.

[0009] The first sub-strand, the second sub-strand, the third sub-strand, and the fourth sub-strand can be arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction of the laminated core. The input section of the fourth sub-strand can be arranged in a fourth input groove directly adjacent to the web, and the output section can be arranged in a fourth output groove directly adjacent to the web. The input section of the third sub-strand can be arranged in a third input groove directly adjacent to the fourth input groove, and the output section can be arranged in a third output groove directly adjacent to the fourth output groove. The input section of the second sub-strand can be arranged in a second input groove directly adjacent to the third input groove, and the output section can be arranged in a second output groove directly adjacent to the third output groove.The input section of the first sub-strand can be arranged in a first input slot directly adjacent to the second input slot, and the output section can be arranged in a first output slot directly adjacent to the second output slot. More specifically, the first input slot can be adjacent to an additional web, and the first output slot can be adjacent to another web. The arrangement of the sub-strands enables a compact winding design.

[0010] The connecting sections of the partial strands can each form an offset, whereby the offset can be formed centrally in the connecting sections. The offsets can reduce the axial height of the partial strands, thereby saving installation space. The offsets can also be referred to as 3D offsets and enable the partial strands to be changed in the different winding layers. The offset can be formed at any location in the connecting section. The connecting section can also form multiple offsets.

[0011] All input sections of the four sub-strands can be accommodated by slots in one of the winding layers, and all output sections of the sub-strands can be accommodated by slots in another of the winding layers. Each winding layer can contain either only output sections or only input sections of a winding strand.

[0012] A first portion of the winding strand can comprise partial strands that can be continuously wound in adjacent, radially inner winding layers. A second portion of the winding strand can comprise partial strands that can be continuously wound in adjacent, radially outer winding layers. The portions can each comprise an equal number of partial strands. The first winding layer and the second winding layer can each be formed as a radially outer winding layer. The third winding layer and the fourth winding layer can each be formed as a radially inner winding layer.

[0013] Input sections of the sub-strands of the second part of the winding strand can be accommodated in slots of a second winding layer, and output sections of the sub-strands can be accommodated in slots of the first winding layer. Input sections of the sub-strands of the first part of the winding strand can be accommodated in slots of a fourth winding layer, and output sections of the sub-strands can be accommodated in slots of the third winding layer. By guiding and interconnecting the individual sub-strands in adjacent winding layers, a simple and space-saving winding pattern can be advantageously implemented.

[0014] The slot groups of the plurality of slot groups can accommodate, in the circumferential direction of the laminated core, exclusively output sections of partial strands of the winding phase and exclusively input sections of partial strands of the winding phase, alternatingly. By routing the individual partial strands in the slot groups, a single-phase distributed winding can be created.

[0015] The winding can comprise at least two winding strands, each with a plurality of alternately connected sub-strands, wherein the winding strands can be wound parallel to one another along the laminated core. This winding pattern advantageously allows for electrical and mechanical symmetry of the winding. Furthermore, the winding pattern can enable simple and cost-effective manufacturing.

[0016] On the connection side of the winding, a further connection section of a further first sub-strand can be arranged axially above a further connection section of a further second sub-strand of further sub-strands. The further connection section of the further second sub-strand can be arranged axially above a further connection section of a further third sub-strand. The further connection section of the further third sub-strand can be arranged axially above a further connection section of a further fourth sub-strand, and the further connection section of the further first sub-strand can be longer than the further connection section of the further second sub-strand of the further sub-strands.In this case, the further connecting section of the further second sub-strand can be longer than the further connecting section of the further third sub-strand and the further connecting section of the further third sub-strand can be longer than the further connecting section of the further fourth sub-strand.

[0017] Furthermore, a component for an electrical machine with a variant of the previously presented winding is presented. The component further comprises the annular laminated core with the plurality of webs and with the plurality of slot groups extending axially through the laminated core for accommodating input sections and output sections of partial phases of at least one winding phase of the winding in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers, wherein adjacent slot groups are each spaced apart by one of the webs of the laminated core. This combination advantageously allows the previously described advantages to be optimally implemented.

[0018] An electrical machine may comprise a component, which may be embodied either as a stator or as a rotor. For example, the component may comprise the winding.

[0019] The electric machine is suitable, for example, for an electric axle drive. Such an electric axle drive for a motor vehicle comprises at least one named electric machine, a transmission device, and a power converter. The power converter can be designed, for example, as an inverter. Using the power converter, an electrical current required to operate the electric machine can be provided. Using the transmission device, a torque provided by the electric machine can be converted into a drive torque for driving at least one wheel of the motor vehicle. The transmission device can have a gearbox for reducing the speed of the electric machine and, optionally, a differential.

[0020] Accordingly, a motor vehicle may comprise a said electric machine and additionally or alternatively a said electric axle drive.

[0021] The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show: Fig. 1 a partial representation of an embodiment of a component; Fig. 2 shows a representation of a first partial strand of an embodiment of a winding; Fig. 3 shows an illustration of an embodiment of a component; Fig. 4 is a plan view of an embodiment of a winding; Fig. 5 a tabular representation of a winding scheme for an embodiment of a winding; Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a winding; and Fig. 7 a representation of an embodiment of a motor vehicle.

[0022] In the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the elements shown in the various figures and having a similar effect, whereby a repeated description of these elements is omitted.

[0023] Fig. 1 shows a partial representation of an embodiment of a component 100 of an electrical machine 105 with a winding 110. The component 100 is shown in a side view from a connection side 114.

[0024] Component 100 is designed, merely by way of example, as a stator and comprises an annular laminated core 115 with a plurality of slot groups 102, 104 extending axially through the laminated core 115. The slot groups 102, 104 are spaced from one another, for example, by a respective web 118, 128, 138 of the laminated core 115. The slot groups 102, 104 and the webs 118, 128, 138 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the laminated core 115.

[0025] Each slot group 102, 104 comprises a plurality of slots N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8 for accommodating partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 of at least one winding strand of the winding 110 in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. More specifically, input sections 111, 121, 131, 141 and output sections 112, 122, 132, 142 of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 are accommodated by the slot groups 102, 104.

[0026] The first sub-strand a1 forms, for example, an input section 111, an output section 112, and a connecting section 113, with the connecting section 113 connecting the input section 111 and the output section 112. The input section 111 is arranged, for example, in a first input groove N1, and the output section 112 is arranged in a first output groove N8. The input groove N1 borders, for example, on an additional web 138, and the first output groove N8 borders on another web 128.

[0027] The second sub-strand a2 forms, for example, an input section 121, an output section 122, and a connecting section 123, with the connecting section 123 connecting the input section 121 and the output section 122. The input section 121 is arranged, for example, in a second input groove N2 directly adjacent to the first input groove N1. The output section 122 is arranged in a second output groove N7 directly adjacent to the first output groove N8. In this arrangement, the connecting section 113 of the first sub-strand a1 is arranged axially above the connecting section 123 of the second sub-strand a2. The connecting section 113 of the first sub-strand a1 is longer than the connecting section 123 of the second sub-strand a2.

[0028] The third sub-strand a3 forms, for example, an input section 131, an output section 132, and a connecting section 133, with the connecting section 133 connecting the input section 131 and the output section 132. The input section 131 is arranged, for example, in a third input groove N3 directly adjacent to the second input groove N2. The output section 132 is arranged in a third output groove N6 directly adjacent to the second output groove N7. In this arrangement, the connecting section 123 of the second sub-strand a2 is arranged axially above the connecting section 133 of the third sub-strand a3. The connecting section 123 of the second sub-strand 121 is longer than the connecting section 133 of the third sub-strand a3.

[0029] The fourth sub-strand a4 forms, for example, an input section 141, an output section 142, and a connecting section 143, with the connecting section 143 connecting the input section 141 and the output section 142. The input section 141 is arranged, for example, in a fourth input groove N4 directly adjacent to the third input groove N3. The output section 142 is arranged in a fourth output groove N5 directly adjacent to the third output groove N6. The fourth input groove N4 and the fourth output groove N5 directly border the web 118. In this arrangement, the connecting section 133 of the third sub-strand a3 is arranged axially above the connecting section 143 of the fourth sub-strand a4. The connecting section 133 of the third sub-strand 131 is longer than the connecting section 143 of the fourth sub-strand a4.

[0030] According to the exemplary embodiment shown here, the connecting section 143 of the fourth sub-strand a4 spans the web 118 of the laminated core 115. The connecting section 133 of the third sub-strand a3 spans the fourth sub-strand a4, the web 118, and a number of two slots N4, N5 of the laminated core 115. The connecting section 123 of the second sub-strand a2 spans the third sub-strand a3, the fourth sub-strand a4, the web 118, and a number of four slots N3, N4, N5, N6 of the laminated core 115. Finally, the connecting section 113 of the first sub-strand a1 spans the sub-strands a2, a3, a4, the web 118, and a number of six slots N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 of the laminated core 115.

[0031] The connecting sections 113, 123, 133, 143 each form, for example, an offset 119, 125, 135, 145. The offsets 119, 125, 135, 145 are formed and designed merely as an example in the center of the connecting sections 113, 123, 133, 143 in order to reduce an axial height of the connecting sections 113, 123, 133, 143. The offsets 119, 125, 135, 145 can be referred to as 3D offsets and can be formed at any location on the connecting sections 113, 123, 133, 143. A 2D bending shape can vary for a further reduction in the winding head height of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4.

[0032] Fig. 2 shows a representation of a first partial strand a1 of an embodiment of a winding, wherein the first partial strand a1 corresponds to the first partial strand of Fig. 1 is similar to or equivalent to.

[0033] The first sub-strand a1 is formed, for example, as a flat wire made of a copper material for conducting electrical energy and with a hairpin-like geometry. The first sub-strand a1 comprises the input section 111 and the output section 112 for passing through a groove of a laminated core of a component. The input section 111 and the output section 112 are connected by the connecting section 113. The second sub-strand and / or the third sub-strand and / or the fourth sub-strand are similar to the first sub-strand a1 shown here, although the sub-strands differ in their length.

[0034] Fig. 3 shows an illustration of an embodiment of a component 100 of an electrical machine with a winding 110. The component 100 is similar or corresponds to the component from Fig. 1.

[0035] The winding 110 has, for example, two winding strands 300, 305. In this case, for example, the first winding strand 300 comprises the Fig. 1, and the second winding phase 305 comprises further winding phases b1, b2, b3, b4, wherein the winding phases a1, a2, a3, a4 and the further winding phases b1, b2, b3, b4 are alternately connected. The winding phases 300, 305 are wound parallel to one another along the laminated core 115.

[0036] According to one exemplary embodiment, the winding phases 300, 305 are identically shaped, so that input sections 311, 321, 331, 341 of the further partial phases b1, b2, b3, b4 and output sections 312, 322, 332, 342 of the further partial phases b1, b2, b3, b4 are also accommodated in slots N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8 of the slot groups 102, 104. The slots have different sections that correspond to different winding layers. According to the exemplary embodiment shown here, the winding phases 300, 305 are wound in different winding layers, with the winding 110 comprising only four winding layers by way of example, which are described and illustrated in more detail in the following figures.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the input sections 111, 121, 131, 141 of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 and the input sections 311, 321, 331, 341 of the further partial strands b1, b2, b3, b4 are received by grooves of one of the winding layers and the output sections 112, 122, 132, 142 of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 and the output sections 312, 322, 332, 342 of the further partial strands b1, b2, b3, b4 are received by grooves of another winding layer of the winding layers.

[0038] The input sections 111, 121, 131, 141 of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 are received, for example, by grooves N1, N2, N3, N4 in the first winding layer and the output sections 112, 122, 132, 142 of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 are received, for example, by grooves N5, N6, N7, N8 in the second winding layer.

[0039] The input sections 311, 321, 331, 341 of the further partial strands b1, b2, b3, b4 are, for example, received by grooves N5, N6, N7, N8 in the first winding layer and the output sections 312, 322, 332, 342 of the further partial strands b1, b2, b3, b4 are received by grooves in the second winding layer.

[0040] Fig. 4 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a winding 110. The winding 110 is similar to or corresponds to the winding from one of the figures described above.

[0041] The laminated core 115 has a plurality of webs 118, 128, 138, 418, 428, 438 and a plurality of groove groups 102, 104, 403, 404, 406, 408 alternating in the circumferential direction.

[0042] Each of the groove groups 102, 104, 403, 404, 406, 408 has, for example, four grooves for receiving input sections 111, 311, 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, 461, 471, 481, 491, 401 and for receiving output sections 112, 312, 412, 422, 432, 442, 452, 462, 472, 482, 492, 402 of the partial strands a1, b1. Fig. 4 is a plan view and the first partial strand a1 is arranged axially above the second, third and fourth partial strands and the further first partial strand b1 is arranged axially above the further second, further third and further fourth partial strands, only the first partial strand a1 and the further first partial strand b1 of the winding 110 are shown.

[0043] The grooves have different sections corresponding to different winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. According to one embodiment, the partial strands a1, b1 are wound in four winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. The first winding layer L1 and the second winding layer L2 correspond to radially outer winding layers, while the third winding layer L3 and the fourth winding layer L4 correspond to radially inner winding layers.

[0044] The input sections 111, 311, 411, 421, 431, 441, 451, 461, 471, 481, 491, 401 of the partial strands a1, b1 are accommodated by grooves of the second winding layer L2 and the fourth winding layer L4 merely as an example, and the output sections 112, 312, 412, 422, 432, 442, 452, 462, 472, 482, 492, 402 of the partial strands a1, b1 are accommodated by grooves of the first winding layer L1 and the third winding layer L3.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the input section 111 of the first partial strand a1 is arranged in the input slot N5 in the fourth winding layer L4 and marks the beginning of the winding 110. The first partial strand a1 is inserted into the laminated core 115 at this point. The output section 112 is arranged in the output slot N12 of the third winding layer L3. The connecting section 113 of the first partial strand a1 spans the web 138. At the level of the web 138, the connecting section 113 forms the offset 119.

[0046] The output section 112 is connected to a second input section 411 of the first sub-strand a1. The second input section 411 is arranged in the slot N13 of the fourth winding layer L4, with a second output section 412 of the first sub-strand a1 being arranged in a slot N20 of the third winding layer L3. The second output section 412 is connected to a third input section 431 of the first sub-strand a1. The third input section 431 is arranged in a slot N21 of the fourth winding layer L4, with a third output section 432 being arranged in a slot N4 of the third winding layer L3.

[0047] The input sections 111, 411, 431 and output sections 112, 412, 432 of the first partial strand a1 correspond to a first portion of the winding strand 300 and are wound contiguously in the radially inner third winding layers L3 and fourth winding layers L4 arranged adjacent to one another.

[0048] The third output section 432 is connected to a fourth input section 451. The fourth input section 451 is arranged in the slot N5 of the second winding layer L2, while a fourth output section 452 is arranged in the slot N12 of the first winding layer L1.

[0049] The fourth output section 452 is connected to a fifth input section 471. The fifth input section 471 is arranged in a slot N13 of the second winding layer L2. A fifth output section 472 is arranged in the slot N20 of the first winding layer L1.

[0050] The fifth output section 472 is connected to a sixth input section 491, with the sixth input section 491 being arranged in the slot N21 of the second winding layer L2. A sixth output section 492 is arranged in the slot N4 of the first winding layer L1. At this point, the first sub-strand a1 is led out of the laminated core 115.

[0051] The input sections 451, 471, 491 and the output sections 452, 472, 492 of the first partial strand a1 correspond to a second portion of the winding strand 300 and are wound contiguously in the radially outer first winding layers L1 and second winding layers L2 arranged adjacent to one another.

[0052] The further first partial strand b1 is wound identically to the first partial strand a1 in the different winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, with the input section 311 being arranged, for example, in a groove N1 of the groove group 102. The first partial strand a1 and the further first partial strand b1 are wound in an identical winding direction R, which is illustrated merely by way of example by means of an arrow.

[0053] The input section 311 is arranged in the fourth winding layer L4. The output section 312 is arranged in the groove N8 of the third winding layer L3.

[0054] The output section 312 is connected to a second input section 421 of the further first sub-strand b1. The second input section 421 is arranged in a groove N9 of the fourth winding layer L4, with a second output section 422 of the further first sub-strand b1 being arranged in a groove N16 of the third winding layer L3. The second output section 422 is connected to a third input section 441. The third input section 441 is arranged in a groove N17 of the fourth winding layer L4, with a third output section 442 being arranged in a groove N24 of the third winding layer L3.

[0055] The input sections 311, 421, 441 and the output sections 312, 422, 442 of the further first partial strand b1 correspond to a first portion of the second winding strand 305 and are wound contiguously in the radially inner third winding layers L3 and fourth winding layers L4 arranged adjacent to one another.

[0056] The third output section 442 is connected to a fourth input section 461. The fourth input section 461 is arranged in the slot N1 of the second winding layer L2, with a fourth output section 462 being arranged in the slot N8 of the first winding layer L1.

[0057] The fourth output section 462 is connected to a fifth input section 481. The fifth input section 481 is arranged in the slot N9 of the second winding layer L2. A fifth output section 482 is arranged in the slot N16 of the first winding layer L1.

[0058] The fifth output section 482 is connected to a sixth input section 401, with the sixth input section 401 being arranged in slot N17 of the second winding layer L2. A sixth output section 402 is arranged in slot N24 of the first winding layer L1. At this point, the further first sub-strand b1 is led out of the laminated core 115.

[0059] The input sections 461, 481, 401 and the output sections 462, 482, 402 of the further first partial strand b1 correspond to a second portion of the second winding strand 305 and are wound contiguously in the radially outer first winding layers L1 and second winding layers L2 arranged adjacent to one another.

[0060] Fig. 5 shows a tabular representation of a winding pattern 500 for an embodiment of a winding 110. The winding pattern 500 is similar to or corresponds to that in Fig. 4 described winding scheme.

[0061] The winding pattern 500 shown here is exemplified for a component with a laminated core having, for example, 24 slots and a respective number of holes 4 for receiving a winding 110. The positions 1 to 24 of the slots along the circumference of the laminated core are indicated in the top row of the table, with the winding 110 being assigned, for example, to the U phase.

[0062] Below this, the four winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4 of the winding 110 are shown by way of example. In this case, the first winding layer L1 shown in the topmost of the four rows in the illustration shown here corresponds by way of example to a radially outermost winding layer. Adjacent to the first winding layer L1, i.e. in a row directly below it in the table shown here, a second winding layer L2 is arranged. In this exemplary embodiment, these two winding layers L1, L2 correspond to the outermost winding layers of the exemplary four-layer winding 110. Adjacent to the second winding layer L2 is a third winding layer L3, which is shown in this figure in a row below the second winding layer. In turn, adjacent to this third winding layer L3 is a fourth winding layer L4, which is shown in the bottommost of the four rows in the illustration shown here.The fourth winding layer L4 corresponds, for example, to a radially innermost winding layer and therefore the third winding layer L3 and the fourth winding layer L4 correspond to the inner winding layers in this exemplary embodiment.

[0063] The arrows merely mark, by way of example, inputs and outputs for inserting the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4 of the winding 110 into the laminated core and for removing partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4 of the winding 110 from the laminated core.

[0064] In the winding pattern 500 shown here, a first portion of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4 is wound continuously along a winding direction R1 in the radially inner winding layers L4, L3. A second portion of the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4 is wound continuously along the winding direction R1 in adjacent radially outer winding layers L2, L1.

[0065] In this exemplary embodiment, the winding 110 comprises, for example, two winding phases 300, 305, each with a plurality of alternately connected partial phases a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4.

[0066] In the following, the winding pattern 500 shown in this figure is described in detail using the winding phase 300, wherein the other winding phase 305 follows the same pattern and both winding phases 300, 305 are wound parallel to each other along the laminated core.

[0067] The winding phase 300 of the winding 110 comprises a first partial phase a1, as described in the previous figures. The first partial phase a1 is arranged with an input section in a first input slot of the slots, wherein the first input slot is positioned at a first input position 5 of a first input layer L4 of the inner winding layers L3, L4.

[0068] The first output section of the first partial strand A1 is arranged in a first output groove of the grooves, wherein the first output groove is positioned at a first output position 12 of a first output layer L3 of the inner winding layers. In this exemplary embodiment, the first input layer L4 and the first output layer L3 correspond to different winding layers. More precisely, the first input layer L4 corresponds to the radially innermost, fourth winding layer L4, and the first output layer L3 corresponds, for example, to the third winding layer L3 arranged adjacent thereto. The first partial strand a1 spans the partial strands a2, a3, a4, as well as one of the webs.

[0069] The first output section of the first sub-strand a1 is connected to a second input section of the first sub-strand a1. The second input section is positioned in a second input groove at a second input position 13 of the first input layer L4. A second output section of the first sub-strand a1 is positioned in a second output groove at a second output position 20 of the first output layer L3.

[0070] The second output section is connected to a third input section of the first sub-strand a1. The third input section is positioned in a third input slot at a third input position 21 of the first input layer L4. A third output section of the first sub-strand a1 is positioned in a third output slot at a third output position 4 of the first output layer L3.

[0071] The input sections and output sections of the first partial strand a1 described here correspond to a first portion of the winding strand, which are wound contiguously in the radially inner winding layers L3, L4 arranged adjacent to one another.

[0072] The first portion is subsequently connected to input sections and output sections of a second portion of the first partial strand a1, wherein the second portion of the winding strand is wound coherently in the radially outer first winding layers L1, L2 arranged adjacent to one another.

[0073] For this purpose, the third output section is connected to a fourth input section of the first sub-strand a1. The fourth input section is positioned in a fourth input slot at a fourth input position 5 of a second input layer L2. A fourth output section of the first sub-strand a1 is positioned in a fourth output slot at a fourth output position 12 of the second output layer L1.

[0074] The fourth output section is connected to a fifth input section of the first sub-strand a1. The fifth input section is positioned in a fifth input slot at a fifth input position 13 of a second input layer L2. A fifth output section of the first sub-strand a1 is positioned in a fifth output slot at a fifth output position 20 of the second output layer L1.

[0075] The fifth output section is connected to a sixth input section of the first sub-strand a1. The sixth input section is positioned in a sixth input slot at a sixth input position 21 of a second input layer L2. A sixth output section of the first sub-strand a1 is positioned in a sixth output slot at a sixth output position 4 of the second output layer L1.

[0076] At this position, the first sub-strand a1 is led out of the laminated core 115.

[0077] In the winding scheme 500 presented here, the input sections are accommodated exclusively by grooves of the fourth winding layer L4 and by grooves of the second winding layer L2, wherein the output sections are accommodated exclusively by grooves of the third winding layer L3 and by grooves of the first winding layer L1.

[0078] The first partial strand a1 axially spans the partial strands a2, a3, a4, whereby the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 are offset from one another in the circumferential direction of the laminated core 115.

[0079] The further first sub-strand b1 is wound parallel to the further first sub-strand b1. An input section of the second sub-strand b1 is arranged in a first input groove of the grooves, wherein the first input groove is positioned at a first input position 1 of a first input layer L4 of the inner winding layers L3, L4. A sixth output section of the second sub-strand b1 is positioned in a sixth output groove at a sixth output position 24 of the second output length L1 and is led out of the laminated core 115 at this position. The further first sub-strand b1 axially spans the further sub-strands b2, b3, b4, wherein the further sub-strands b1, b2, b3, b4 run offset from one another in the circumferential direction of the laminated core 115.

[0080] The winding pattern 500 shown here is designed for an example with a hole count of 4 to accommodate one winding, with transposition between poles occurring everywhere in all layers and across the entire circumference with pin over pin - "n × over pin" (PoP - "(n × oP)"), n = Q-2. For Q=4 with pin over pin over pin over pin (PoPoPoP).

[0081] The winding pattern 500 shown here shows a four-layer winding pattern only as a simplified example; the principle is similar for 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or more layers. The features can be used for both even and odd number of layers. The winding pattern presented here advantageously allows for a low height of the sub-strands.

[0082] Fig. 6 shows an illustration of an embodiment of a winding 110. The winding 110 is similar to or corresponds to the winding from one of the figures described above.

[0083] The winding 110 has, merely by way of example, two winding strands 300, 305. The first winding strand 300 comprises the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4, and the second winding strand 305 comprises the further partial strands b1, b2, b3, b4.

[0084] The further partial strands b1, b2, b3, b4 of the second winding strand 305 are, merely by way of example, identical to the partial strands a1, a2, a3, a4 of the first winding strand 300, with the winding strands 300, 305 being wound parallel to one another along the laminated core 115. The first partial strand a1 is longer than the second partial strand a2, and the second partial strand a2 is longer than the third partial strand a3. The third partial strand a3 is longer than the fourth partial strand a4.

[0085] Fig.7 shows an illustration of an embodiment of a motor vehicle 700. The motor vehicle 700 has an electric axle drive 710 with an electric machine 105, as described, for example, with reference to the preceding figures. Electrical energy for operating the electric machine 105 is provided by a power supply device 702, for example, a battery. For example, the power supply device 702 provides a direct current, which is converted into an alternating current, for example, a three-phase alternating current, using a power converter 704 of the transmission device and supplied to the electric machine 105.

[0086] A shaft driven by the electric machine 105 is coupled directly or using a transmission device 706 to at least one wheel 708 of the motor vehicle 700. Thus, the motor vehicle 700 can be propelled using the electric machine 105. According to one embodiment, the electric axle drive 710 comprises a housing in which the power converter 704, the electric machine 105, and the transmission device 706 are arranged in an integrated manner. Reference symbol 100 components 102 first groove group 104 second groove group 105 electric machine 110 winding 111 Input section of the first sub-strand 112 Output section of the first sub-strand 113 Connecting section of the first sub-strand 114 Connection page 115 sheet package 118 jetty 119 Offset of the connecting section of the first sub-strand 121 Input section of the second sub-strand 122 Output section of the second sub-strand 123 Connecting section of the second sub-strand 125 Offset of the connecting section of the second sub-strand 128 additional bridge 131 Input section of the third sub-strand 132 Output section of the third sub-strand 133 Connecting section of the third sub-strand 135 Offset of the connecting section of the third sub-strand 138 additional bridge 141 Input section of the fourth sub-strand 142 Output section of the fourth sub-strand 143 Connecting section of the fourth sub-strand 145 Offset of the connecting section of the fourth sub-strand 300 winding strands 305 second winding phase 311 Input section of the further first sub-strand 312 Output section of the further first sub-strand 321 Input section of the further second sub-strand 322 Output section of the further second sub-strand 331 Input section of the further third sub-strand 332 Output section of the further third sub-strand 341 Input section of the further fourth sub-strand 342 Output section of the further fourth sub-strand 401 sixth input section of the further first sub-strand 402 sixth output section of the further first sub-strand 403 Groove group 404 groove group 406 groove group 408 groove group 411 Input section of the first sub-strand 412 Output section of the first sub-strand 418 jetty 421 second input section of the further first sub-strand 422 second output section of the further first sub-strand 428 jetty 431 third input section of the first sub-strand 432 third output section of the first sub-strand 438 jetty 441 third input section of the further first sub-strand 442 third output section of the further first sub-strand 451 fourth input section of the first sub-strand 452 fourth output section of the first sub-strand 461 fourth input section of the further first sub-strand 462 fourth output section of the further first sub-strand 471 fifth input section of the first sub-strand 472 fifth output section of the first sub-strand 481 fifth input section of the further first sub-strand 482 fifth output section of the further first sub-strand 491 sixth input section of the first sub-strand 492 sixth output section of the first sub-strand 500 winding pattern 700 motor vehicles 702 Energy supply facility 704 power converters 706 Gearbox device 708 wheels 710 electric axle drive a1 first substrand a2 second substrand a3 third strand a4 fourth sub-strand b1 further first substrand b2 further second sub-strand b3 further third strand b4 further fourth sub-strand L1 first winding layer L2 second winding layer L3 third winding layer L4 fourth winding layer N1 first entrance groove N2 second entrance groove N3 third input groove N4 fourth input groove N5 fourth output groove N6 third output groove N7 second output groove N8 first exit groove R Winding direction

Claims

[1] Winding (110) for a component (100) of an electrical machine (105), wherein the component (100) has an annular laminated core (115) with a plurality of webs (118, 128, 138, 118, 428, 438) and a plurality of slot groups (102, 104, 403, 404, 406, 408) extending axially through the laminated core (115), wherein each slot group (102, 104, 403, 404, 406, 408) has a plurality of slots (N) for receiving input sections (111, 121, 131, 141) and output sections (112, 122, 132, 142) of partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) at least one winding strand (300) of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein adjacent groups of slots (102, 104, 403, 404, 406, 408) are each spaced apart by one of the webs (118, 128, 138, 418, 428, 438) of the laminated core (115),wherein on a connection side (112) of the winding (110), a connection section (113) of a first partial strand (a1) is arranged axially above a connection section (123) of a second partial strand (a2) of the partial strands, wherein the connection section (123) of the second partial strand (a2) is arranged axially above a connection section (133) of a third partial strand (a3), and wherein the connection section (133) of the third partial strand (a3) ​​is arranged axially above a connection section (143) of a fourth partial strand (a4), and wherein the connection section (113) of the first partial strand (a1) is longer than the connection section of the second partial strand (a2) of the partial strands, wherein the connection section (123) of the second partial strand (a2) is longer than the connection section (133) of the third partial strand (a3), and wherein the connection section (133) of the third partial strand (a3) ​​is longer than the connection section (143) of the fourth substrand (a4)., [2] Winding (110) according to claim 1, wherein the connecting section (143) of the fourth sub-strand (a4) spans a web (118) of the webs of the laminated core (115), wherein the connecting section (133) of the third sub-strand (a3) ​​spans the fourth sub-strand (a4), the web (118) and a number of two slots of the laminated core (115), wherein the connecting section (123) of the second sub-strand (a2) spans the third sub-strand (a3), the fourth sub-strand (a4), the web (118) and a number of four slots of the laminated core (115), wherein the connecting section (113) of the first sub-strand (a1) spans the sub-strands (a2, a3, a4), the web (118) and a number of six slots of the laminated core (115). [3] Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first partial strand (a1), the second partial strand (a2), the third partial strand (a3) ​​and the fourth partial strand (a4) are arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction of the laminated core (115). [4] Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting sections (113, 123, 133, 143) of the partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) each form an offset (119, 125, 135, 145), wherein the offset (119, 125, 135, 145) is formed centrally in the connecting sections (113, 123, 133, 143). [5] Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein all input sections (111, 121, 131, 141) of the partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) are received by grooves of one of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) and all output sections (112, 122, 132, 142) of the partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) are received by grooves of another winding layer of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). [6] Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a first portion of the winding strand (300) comprises partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) which are wound continuously in adjacent radially inner winding layers (L3, L4) and a second portion of the winding strand (300) comprises partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) which are wound continuously in adjacent radially outer winding layers (L1, L2), wherein the portions each comprise an equal number of partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4). [7] Winding (110) according to claim 6, wherein input sections (111, 121, 131, 141) of the partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) of the second portion of the winding strand (300) are received by slots of a second winding layer (L2) and output sections (112, 122, 132, 142) of the partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) are received by slots of the first winding layer (L1) and wherein input sections (111, 121, 131, 141) of the partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) of the first portion of the winding strand (300) are received by slots of a fourth winding layer (L4) and output sections (112, 122, 132, 142) of the partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) are received by grooves of the third winding layer (L3). [8] Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the slot groups (102, 104) of the plurality of slot groups in the circumferential direction of the laminated core (115) alternately accommodate exclusively output sections (112, 122, 132, 142) of partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) of the winding strand (300) and exclusively input sections (111, 121, 131, 141) of partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4) of the winding strand (300). [9] Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the winding (110) comprises at least two winding strands (300, 305) each having a plurality of alternately connected partial strands (a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4), wherein the winding strands (300, 305) are wound parallel to one another along the laminated core (115). [10] Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the connection side (112) of the winding (110), a further connection section of a further first partial strand (b1) is arranged axially above a further connection section of a further second partial strand (b2) of further partial strands (b1, b2, b3, b4), wherein the further connection section of the further second partial strand (b2) is arranged axially above a further connection section of a further third partial strand (b3), and wherein the further connection section of the further third partial strand (b3) is arranged axially above a further connection section of a further fourth partial strand (b4), and wherein the further connection section of the further first partial strand (b1) is longer than the further connection section of the further second partial strand (b2) of the further partial strands (b1, b2, b3, b4),wherein the further connecting section of the further second partial strand (b2) is longer than the further connecting section of the further third partial strand (b3) and wherein the further connecting section of the further third partial strand (b3) is longer than the further connecting section of the further fourth partial strand (b4). [11] Component (100) for an electrical machine (105) with a winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims and with the annular laminated core (115) with the plurality of webs (118, 128, 138, 118, 428, 438) with the plurality of groove groups (102, 104, 103, 104, 106, 108) extending axially through the laminated core (115) for receiving input sections (132, 142, 152) and output sections (134, 144, 154) of partial strands (130, 140, 150) of at least one winding strand (300) of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacently arranged winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein adjacent groups of grooves are each spaced apart by one of the webs of the laminated core (115). [12] Electrical machine (105) with a component (100) according to claim 11, wherein the component (100) is designed as a stator or as a rotor of the electrical machine (105) and comprises a winding (110) according to one of claims 1 to 10. [13] Electric axle drive (710) for a motor vehicle (700) with at least one electric machine (105), a transmission device (706) and a power converter (704), characterized by that the electrical machine (105) is designed according to claim 12. [14] Motor vehicle (700) comprising an electric machine (105) according to claim 12 and / or an electric axle drive (710) according to claim 13.

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