High-voltage electrical system for a vehicle

Abstract

High-voltage electrical system (H) for a vehicle with an electrical energy storage device (2) comprising at least one single cell, a cell monitoring unit (3) and a battery management system (19), wherein the cell monitoring unit (3) is wirelessly coupled or connectable to a temperature sensing unit for determining the temperature of the at least one single cell, wherein the cell monitoring unit (3) is coupled or can be coupled to the battery management system (19) by means of a wireless communication link, characterized in that a main contactor sensor module has a control unit (4) which - with a main contactor (6) coupled to a positive pole contact of the electrical energy storage device (2) and / or - with a further main contactor (7) coupled to a negative pole contact of the electrical energy storage device (2) and / or - with a battery voltage meter (9) and / or - with a high-voltage voltage measuring unit (10) and / or - with a contactor and control unit power supply unit (11) and / or - is connected to at least one voltage measuring unit (12, 13) for insulation monitoring via data technology.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a high-voltage electrical system for a vehicle with an electrical energy storage device comprising at least one single cell, a cell monitoring unit and a battery management system, wherein the cell monitoring unit is wirelessly coupled or can be coupled to a temperature sensing unit for determining the temperature of the at least one single cell.

[0002] A wireless monitoring system for a power distribution device is known from KR 10 0 915 983 B1. The monitoring system comprises a wireless temperature sensor located in a room, which wirelessly transmits its sensor type and current temperature information. A temperature analysis unit receives the temperature information from the temperature sensor, and a central processing unit communicates with the temperature analysis unit and compares the temperature information with reference data. The monitoring system includes the wireless temperature sensor, which has a temperature measuring unit for measuring the temperature, a battery monitoring unit for checking the battery status, and a wireless communication unit for transmitting the temperature information measured by the temperature measuring unit via wireless communication.The temperature analysis unit comprises a receiver unit, which wirelessly receives the temperature information determined by the temperature measuring unit; a primary memory unit, which stores a standard temperature of the power distribution device equipped with the wireless temperature sensor; a temperature comparator for comparing the standard temperature stored in the primary memory unit with a normal temperature, an overheating temperature, and a hazard temperature. Furthermore, the monitoring system includes a display unit for showing the temperature information provided by the wireless temperature sensor and a temperature level confirmed by the temperature comparator; and a transmitter for transmitting temperature information provided by the wireless temperature sensor to an external central unit via wireless communication.The central processing unit includes a second memory for storing the standard temperature of the power distribution device, which is equipped with a wireless temperature sensor. An alarm unit displays a warning when the temperature comparator detects overheating and a potential hazard, wirelessly alerting the manager. The alarm unit displays the temperature information provided by the temperature analyzer.

[0003] CN 115 693 859 A describes a battery management system based on wireless communication and wireless power supply. The system comprises a high-voltage monitoring module, a sampling balance module, and a control module. It is used to send an equalization instruction to the sampling balance module and to manage the electrical output of a power battery according to the received information. Wireless communication modules and wireless power supply modules are integrated into the high-voltage monitoring module, the sampling balance module, and the control module. Bidirectional wireless transmission and reception of information between the high-voltage monitoring module, the sampling balance module, and the control module is achieved through the wireless communication modules.The high-voltage monitoring module, the sampling compensation module, and the control module can implement bidirectional electrical power transmission via the wireless power supply module. Information transfer between the modules in the system can be achieved through wireless communication, the low-voltage supply to the modules can be provided via wireless power transmission when needed, and the reliable operation of the system is ensured.

[0004] CN 2 13 734 666 U describes a battery management control system applied to a new energy vehicle. The battery management control system consists of a vehicle-mounted device, a battery pack, and a main controller. The battery is used to power the vehicle-mounted device and to collect battery parameters. The main controller is located outside the battery pack and communicates wirelessly with it. The main controller is used to receive and monitor battery parameters provided by the battery pack.

[0005] DE 10 2017 216 236 A1 describes a method for monitoring the temperature of a battery with a plurality of electrochemical battery cells, comprising the following steps: a) monitoring whether a timer signal is generated when a battery control unit is in an energy-saving mode; b) activating the battery control unit when the signal has been detected; c) detecting at least one temperature value of the battery, at least one of the electrochemical battery cells of the battery and / or an ambient temperature of the battery using at least one temperature sensor; d) comparing whether the detected temperature value is within a temperature range between a first predetermined threshold and a second predetermined threshold; e) storing data in an electronic memory if the temperature value is not within the temperature range.

[0006] The invention is based on the objective of providing a high-voltage electrical system for a vehicle.

[0007] The problem is solved according to the invention by a high-voltage electrical system which has the features specified in claim 1.

[0008] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0009] A high-voltage electrical system for a vehicle comprises an electrical energy storage device with at least one single cell, a cell monitoring unit, and a battery management system, wherein the cell monitoring unit is wirelessly coupled or connectable to a temperature sensing unit for determining the temperature of the at least one single cell. The cell monitoring unit is coupled or connectable to the battery management system via a wireless communication link. According to the invention, a main contactor sensor module comprises a control unit which - with a main contactor coupled to a positive pole contact of the electrical energy storage device and / or - with an additional main contactor coupled to a negative pole contact of the electrical energy storage device and / or - with a battery voltage meter and / or - with a high-voltage voltage measuring unit and / or - with a contactor and control unit power supply unit and / or - is connected to at least one voltage measuring unit for insulation monitoring via data technology.

[0010] Because the cell monitoring unit is designed for wireless communication with the battery management system, it is not necessary to connect it to the system via an electrical cable. The probability of such an electrical cable failing due to manufacturing defects and / or aging is comparatively high. Eliminating the electrical cable thus eliminates the need for its installation, thereby reducing manufacturing costs for the high-voltage electrical system and its integration into the vehicle. Furthermore, this eliminates the need for additional installation space within the vehicle, reducing the weight of the electrical system and, consequently, the vehicle itself.Furthermore, cost savings can be achieved by eliminating the electrical wiring, especially since different insulation requirements apply to electrical wiring, which can lead to additional costs. In addition, eliminating the electrical wiring reduces the complexity of the high-voltage electrical system.

[0011] In one embodiment, the temperature sensing unit is part of a functional unit with at least one sensing unit designed to determine the internal cell pressure of at least one individual cell and / or the humidity in a housing of the electrical energy storage device. The functional unit is coupled or connectable to the cell monitoring unit via a wireless communication link. Thus, various parameters required for the safe operation of the electrical energy storage device can be acquired and combined in one functional unit, and the acquired parameters can be wirelessly transmitted to the cell monitoring unit, which is wirelessly coupled or connectable to the battery management system.

[0012] In one embodiment, a main contactor sensor module includes a control unit that is connected via data transmission to a main contactor coupled to a positive terminal of the electrical energy storage device, and / or to another main contactor coupled to a negative terminal of the electrical energy storage device, and / or to a battery voltmeter, and / or to a high-voltage voltage measuring unit, and / or to a contactor and control unit power supply unit, and / or to at least one voltage measuring unit for insulation monitoring. The control unit is wired to the aforementioned components, and the detected states and signals from each component are fed to the control unit. The control unit serves, for example, as a central collection point for the detected states and signals.

[0013] In one version, the control unit of the main contactor sensor module is designed for wireless communication with the battery management system, thus eliminating the need for fault-prone electrical cables to connect the main contactor sensor module to the battery management system. Specifically, the battery management system sends a request to the main contactor sensor module, for example at regular intervals, which then transmits the requested states and signals to the battery management system for evaluation and further processing.

[0014] In another embodiment, a control unit is connected to a main contactor coupled to a positive terminal of the electrical energy storage device, and / or to a further main contactor coupled to a negative terminal of the electrical energy storage device, and / or to a battery voltage sensor, and / or to a high-voltage voltage measuring unit, and / or to a contactor and control unit power supply unit, and / or to at least one voltage measuring unit for insulation monitoring. The various states or detected signals, in particular from the main contactors, the battery management sensor, the high-voltage voltage measuring unit, the contactor and control unit power supply unit, and the voltage measuring unit, can be fed to this control unit, so that the states and signals are available to the control unit and can be queried.

[0015] In one possible configuration of the high-voltage electrical system, the control unit is designed for wireless communication with the battery management system. This allows the battery management system to receive these detected states and signals wirelessly, thus eliminating the need for electrical cables and their installation.

[0016] In one embodiment, the high-voltage electrical system includes an additional control unit, which is connected to at least one line amplifier for a positive contactor and to another contactor and power supply unit. The control unit can receive the respective state of the line amplifiers and the additional contactor and power supply unit, and is designed, for example, to store the respective state so that it can be determined later.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, the additional control unit is designed for wireless communication with the battery management system, so that here too, no electrical lines, which may fail depending on production and / or aging, can be used to transmit respective states wirelessly between the additional control unit and the battery management system.

[0018] In another embodiment, the battery management system is designed as a control unit and radio-based transmitting and receiving unit, so that it is possible to send requests to the respective control unit via the battery management system and to receive a response from the respective control unit without requiring a fault-prone physical connection between the battery management system and the respective control unit.

[0019] In one version, the functional unit features passive transponders that are wirelessly coupled to the battery management system and / or the main contactors. These transponders detect the respective status and signals, which can then be queried and received by the battery management system.

[0020] In another embodiment, an RFID-based proximity switch is provided to determine the status of at least one of the contactors. This allows the system to ascertain whether the respective contactor is open, for example, due to a detected fault such as an impermissibly high temperature, and thus whether current is flowing from the electrical energy storage device to an electrical load, such as an air conditioning compressor or an electric drive unit. The RFID-based proximity switch therefore detects whether the electrical energy storage device is disconnected from the high-voltage electrical system or whether current is flowing.

[0021] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing.

[0022] This shows Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a high-voltage electrical system of a vehicle.

[0023] The single figure shows a circuit diagram of a high-voltage electrical system H of a vehicle not shown in detail.

[0024] Such a high-voltage electrical system H for a vehicle, especially an electric vehicle, ensures a flow of power between various electrical and / or electronic components of the vehicle.

[0025] It is generally known that existing electrical and / or electronic components of the high-voltage electrical system (H) are interconnected, particularly by means of wiring. This creates the risk that these wiring components may fail due to manufacturing defects and / or aging, potentially leading to a failure of the high-voltage electrical system. Furthermore, the wiring, especially in the form of cables, and its connections require a relatively large amount of installation space and add weight, which impacts the vehicle's overall weight. Additionally, the wiring, required to meet varying insulation standards, is relatively expensive and increases the complexity of the high-voltage electrical system.

[0026] In order to reduce the complexity of the high-voltage electrical system H and the risk of failure due to production and / or aging caused by the electrical lines, it is planned to wirelessly connect monitoring functional units 1 of an electrical energy storage device 2, a so-called high-voltage battery, a cell monitoring unit 3 and control units 4, 5 connected to at least electronic and / or electrical components to a battery management system 19 via signal and / or data technology.

[0027] A corresponding design of the high-voltage electrical system H is described below.

[0028] For this purpose, the high-voltage electrical system H is divided into different sections A1 to A4, with each section A1 to A4 illustrating a module.

[0029] A first section A1, a battery cell module, comprises the wireless active or passive functional unit 1, which includes a temperature sensing unit and / or at least one further sensing unit for determining at least the internal cell pressure of a respective individual cell of the electrical energy storage device 2 and / or for determining the humidity in a housing of the electrical energy storage device 2. Furthermore, the cell monitoring unit 3 is arranged in the first section A1 of the high-voltage electrical system H. This cell monitoring unit 3 is wirelessly connected to the functional unit 1, in particular via a first radio link F1, for determining all parameters relating to the electrical energy storage device 2.

[0030] A second section A2 of the high-voltage electrical system H, which is arranged within a third section A3 of the high-voltage electrical system H, comprises a main contactor 6 coupled to a positive terminal of the electrical energy storage device 2, a main contactor 7 coupled to a negative terminal of the electrical energy storage device 2, a current sensor 8, a battery voltmeter 9, a high-voltage voltage measuring unit 10, a contactor and control unit power supply unit 11, a negative voltage measuring unit 12 for insulation monitoring, a positive voltage measuring unit 13, a line amplifier 14 for the main contactor 6 coupled to the positive terminal of the electrical energy storage device 2, and another line amplifier 15 for the main contactor 7 coupled to the negative terminal of the electrical energy storage device 2.a DC / DC input 16 for powering the control unit 4 to maintain a second radio link F2 between the cell monitoring unit 3 and the control unit 4, a negative voltage detection 17 of the electrical energy storage device 2 for insulation monitoring, and a positive voltage detection 18 of the electrical energy storage device 2 for insulation monitoring.

[0031] In particular, the second section A2 of the high-voltage electrical system H is a wireless main contactor and sensor module.

[0032] The respective main contactor 6, 7 is combined with the current sensor 8 for detecting a main current of the electrical energy storage device 2 and for overcurrent detection, including shutdown, in particular by opening the main contactors 6, 7. Since the two main contactors 6, 7 are supplied with electrical energy by means of the electrical energy storage device 2, the battery management system 19 can communicate wirelessly with the main contactors 6, 7 at any time as master.

[0033] The voltage detection devices 17, 18 as insulation measuring devices provide only raw data with respect to a given insulation and not a final insulation resistance.

[0034] The contactor and control unit power supply unit 11 serves a battery-side low-current supply, whereas the further contactor and control unit power supply unit 22 serves a higher power supply on the vehicle side for operation, for example of the two contactors 23, 24.

[0035] The high-voltage voltage measuring unit 10 can have a wireless communication interface.

[0036] The third section A3 comprises the components of the second section A2, a battery management system 19, and a further functional unit 20 for determining temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. The further functional unit 20 is connected to the battery management system 19 via a third radio link F3. The cell monitoring unit 3 of the first section A1 and the control unit 4 of the second section A2 are also connected to the battery management system 19 via the second radio link F2. The third section A3 represents a battery E / E module.

[0037] The battery management system 19 is designed in particular as a control unit, especially as a microcontroller, and as a radio-based transmitting and receiving unit, i.e. as a radio device.

[0038] The two functional units 1, 20 are designed as passive RFID transponders and are coupled to the main contactors 6, 7 and to the battery management system 19, in particular wirelessly.

[0039] Between the third section A3 and the fourth section A4, electrical consumers 21, for example an air conditioning compressor and / or a heat pump etc., are arranged.

[0040] The fourth section A4 of the high-voltage electrical system H comprises another contactor and control unit power supply unit 22, a so-called positive contactor 23 with feedback and wireless status transmission, a so-called negative contactor 24 with feedback and wireless status transmission, a line amplifier 25 for the positive contactor 23, and another line amplifier 26 for the negative contactor 24. All of the aforementioned components of the fourth section A4 of the high-voltage electrical system H are connected to the further control unit 5, in particular by wired connection. The two contactors 23, 24, which are not directly connected to the electrical energy storage device 2, are each coupled to an RFID proximity switch, which determines the status of the two contactors 23, 24. In particular, the respective contactor status is checked before a high-voltage / low-voltage current flows.An applied voltage is used to activate contactors 23 and 24 and to generate a complete communication mode within the high-voltage electrical system H. The respective status of contactors 23 and 24 can be wirelessly transmitted to the battery management system 19 via the third radio link F3.

[0041] The fourth section A4 represents a wireless contactor module and outside the fourth section A4, further electrical consumers 27, for example an electric drive unit, are connected to the high-voltage electrical system H.

[0042] By integrating all high-voltage elements, especially from the battery management system 19 to the main contactors 6, 7, the need for a comparatively costly and space-consuming galvanic and / or double and / or reinforcing electrical insulation of the high-voltage electrical system H is eliminated.

[0043] The battery management system 19 can be designed as a purely low-voltage component with comparatively few electrical connections and a small installation space requirement.

[0044] The elimination of connectors, especially electrical connections, and cables as electrical lines reduces the required installation space and also offers freedom in the arrangement and orientation of the components of the high-voltage electrical system H.

[0045] Since functional units 1 and 20 are wireless, the need for galvanic and / or double and / or reinforced insulation is eliminated. This simplifies the design and increases ease of use.

[0046] The combination of high-voltage components in the main contactors 6 and 7 reduces the need for high-voltage sensor lines. The combination of the current sensor 8 with the main contactors 6 and 7 enables a comparatively rapid shutdown of the electrical energy storage device 2, particularly by opening the main contactors 6 and 7. Reference symbol list 1 functional unit 2 electrical energy storage devices 3 cell monitoring unit 4 Control unit 5 additional control units 6 Main contactor coupled with positive pole contact 7 Main contactor coupled with negative pole contact 8 Current sensor 9 Battery voltage meters 10 High-voltage voltage measuring units 11 Contactor and control unit - power supply unit 12 negative voltage measuring units 13 positive voltage measuring units 14 line amplifiers 15 additional line amplifiers 16 DC / DC inputs 17 negative voltage detection 18 positive voltage detection 19 Battery Management System 20 additional functional units 21 electrical consumers 22 additional contactor and control unit power supply unit 23 positive shooters 24 negative protection 25 line amplifiers 26 additional line amplifiers 27 other electrical consumers A1 first section A2 second section A3 third section A4 fourth section F1 first radio contact F2 second radio connection F3 third radio link H High-voltage electrical system

Claims

[1] High-voltage electrical system (H) for a vehicle with an electrical energy storage device (2) comprising at least one single cell, a cell monitoring unit (3) and a battery management system (19), wherein the cell monitoring unit (3) is wirelessly coupled or connectable to a temperature sensing unit for determining the temperature of the at least one single cell, wherein the cell monitoring unit (3) is coupled or can be coupled to the battery management system (19) by means of a wireless communication link, characterized by , that a main contactor sensor module has a control unit (4) which - with a main contactor (6) coupled to a positive pole contact of the electrical energy storage device (2) and / or - with a further main contactor (7) coupled to a negative pole contact of the electrical energy storage device (2) and / or - with a battery voltage meter (9) and / or - with a high-voltage voltage measuring unit (10) and / or - with a contactor and control unit power supply unit (11) and / or - is connected to at least one voltage measuring unit (12, 13) for insulation monitoring via data technology. [2] High-voltage electrical system (H) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the temperature sensing unit is part of a functional unit (1) with at least one sensing unit designed to determine the internal cell pressure of the at least one single cell and / or the humidity in a housing of the electrical energy storage device (2), wherein the functional unit (1) is coupled or can be coupled to the cell monitoring unit (3) by means of a wireless communication link. [3] High-voltage electrical system (H) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the control unit (4) of the main contactor sensor module is designed for wireless communication with the battery management system (19). [4] High-voltage electrical system (H) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a further control unit (5) is connected to at least one line amplifier (25) for a contactor (23, 24) and to a further contactor and control unit power supply unit (22). [5] High-voltage electrical system (H) according to claim 4, characterized by , that the further control unit (5) is designed for wireless communication with the battery management system (19). [6] High-voltage electrical system (H) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the battery management system (19) is designed as a control unit and radio-based transmitting and receiving unit. [7] High-voltage electrical system (H) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized by , that the functional unit (1) has passive transponders which are wirelessly coupled to the battery management system (19) and / or the main contactors (6, 7). [8] High-voltage electrical system (H) according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by , that an RFID-based proximity switch is provided to determine the state of at least one of the contactors (23, 24).

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