Electric drive device for a motor vehicle and method for operating such an electric drive device

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric drive device (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one electric machine (12) by means of which the motor vehicle can be driven, comprising a first temperature control circuit (20) through which a first temperature control medium can flow, in which at least one part (18) of the electric machine (12) comprising a rotor (16) and / or a stator (14) of the electric machine (12) is arranged, the part (18) of which is to be temperature-controlled by means of the first temperature control medium, comprising a second temperature control circuit (22) through which a second temperature control medium can flow, and comprising a heat exchanger (28) arranged both in the first temperature control circuit (20) and in the second temperature control circuit (22), via which heat can be exchanged between the temperature control means.A pump (30) is arranged in the first temperature control circuit (20), by means of which the first temperature control medium can be conveyed through the pump (30) in a pump flow direction (32) and can thereby be conveyed through the first temperature control circuit (20).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such an electric drive device.

[0002] DE 102 34 087 A1 discloses a method for operating a cooling and heating circuit of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, DE 41 32 939 A1 discloses an air conditioning system for the interior of an electric vehicle.

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, as well as a method for operating such an electric drive device, so that a particularly efficient operation of the electric drive device can be realized.

[0004] This object is achieved by an electric drive device having the features of patent claim 1 and by a method having the features of patent claim 8. Advantageous embodiments with expedient further developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

[0005] A first aspect of the invention relates to an electric drive device, also referred to as an electric drive unit, for a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle. This means that the motor vehicle, preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, has the electric drive device in its fully manufactured state and can be driven, in particular purely electrically, by means of the electric drive device. The electric drive device has at least or precisely one electric machine, by means of which the motor vehicle can be driven, in particular purely electrically.

[0006] Preferably, the electrical machine, which is also referred to as a drive machine or electric drive machine, is a high-voltage component whose electrical voltage, in particular electrical operating or nominal voltage, is preferably greater than 50 volts, in particular greater than 60 volts, and very preferably amounts to several hundred volts.

[0007] The electric drive device has a first temperature control circuit, which is also referred to as the first circuit or first loop, and through which a preferably liquid first temperature control medium can flow. The first temperature control medium is preferably a component of the electric drive device. Very preferably, the first temperature control medium is an oil, so that, for example, the first temperature control circuit is also referred to as an oil circuit or oil circuit. At least one part of the electric machine, also referred to as a machine part, is arranged in the first temperature control circuit, so that the part of the electric machine can be temperature-controlled, i.e. cooled and / or heated, by means of the first temperature control medium. In order, for example, to heat the part of the electric machine by means of the first temperature control medium, the first temperature control medium has a higher temperature than the part on its way through the first temperature control circuit.Heat can thus be transferred from the first temperature control medium to the part. In order to cool the part (machine part) using the first temperature control medium, for example, the first temperature control medium has a lower temperature than the part on its way through the first temperature control circuit, so that heat can be transferred from the part (machine part) to the first temperature control medium. The part of the electrical machine has a rotor and / or a stator of the electrical machine, so that the rotor and / or the stator of the electrical machine can be temperature-controlled, i.e. cooled and / or heated, by means of the first temperature control medium flowing through the first temperature control circuit. In particular, the rotor can be driven by means of the stator and can therefore be rotated about a machine axis of rotation relative to the stator.In particular, the electric machine can provide drive torques via its rotor, in particular for driving the motor vehicle purely electrically.

[0008] The electric drive device also has a second temperature control circuit, which is at least partially, in particular completely, fluidically separated from the first temperature control circuit. A first temperature control medium, which is in particular different from the first temperature control medium, can flow through the second temperature control circuit, wherein the second temperature control medium is preferably liquid, i.e., a fluid. The second temperature control medium is preferably a component of the electric drive device. For example, the second temperature control medium is or comprises at least or exclusively water, so that, for example, the second temperature control medium is also referred to as cooling water or temperature control water. In the following, for example, the second temperature control circuit is also referred to as a water circuit or cooling water circuit or cooling circuit or vehicle cooling circuit.

[0009] For example, a component of the electric drive device, which is provided in addition to the electric machine and in particular is different from the electric machine, is arranged in the second temperature control circuit, so that the component can be temperature-controlled, i.e. cooled and / or heated, by means of the second temperature control medium. The component is or comprises, for example, an electrical energy store by means of which electrical energy is to be or is stored, in particular electrochemically. For example, the electrical energy store is a high-voltage component whose electrical voltage, in particular electrical operating or nominal voltage, is preferably greater than 50 volts, in particular greater than 60 volts, and very preferably amounts to several hundred volts.For example, the electric machine can be supplied with the electrical energy stored or to be stored in the electrical energy storage device, whereby the electric machine can be operated in a motor mode and thus as an electric motor for driving the motor vehicle, in particular purely electrically.

[0010] The electric drive device also has a heat exchanger, which is also referred to as the first heat exchanger. When reference is made above and below to the heat exchanger, this means the first heat exchanger unless otherwise stated. In particular, the aforementioned component is provided in addition to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is arranged in both the first temperature control circuit and the second temperature control circuit and can therefore be flowed through by both the first temperature control medium and the second temperature control medium. Heat can be exchanged between the temperature control media via the heat exchanger, so that, for example, heat can be transferred from one of the temperature control media to the other and / or vice versa via the heat exchanger.

[0011] In order to achieve particularly efficient operation of the electric drive device, the invention provides for a pump to be arranged in the first temperature control circuit, by means of which the first temperature control medium can be conveyed through the first temperature control circuit. If the first temperature control medium is embodied as an oil, the pump is also referred to as an oil pump.

[0012] By means of the pump, the first temperature control medium can be conveyed through the pump in, in particular precisely, a pump flow direction and through the first temperature control circuit. In other words, the pump is designed to convey the first temperature control medium through itself in, in particular precisely, a pump flow direction, i.e. through the pump and thereby through the first temperature control circuit. The pump flow direction is also referred to as the first pump flow direction. When reference is made above and below to the pump flow direction, this means the first pump flow direction unless otherwise stated. For example, the pump has a pump housing and a conveying element arranged in the pump housing, which is movable relative to the pump housing.By moving the conveying element relative to the pump housing, the pump can convey the first temperature control medium through itself in the pump flow direction and subsequently through the first temperature control circuit. For example, the conveying element is rotatable about a rotation axis relative to the pump housing and can therefore be moved, wherein, for example, by rotating the conveying element about the rotation axis and relative to the pump housing, the pump can convey the first temperature control medium through the pump in the pump flow direction and thus through the first temperature control circuit. For example, the conveying element is rotatable in, in particular precisely, one direction of rotation about the rotation axis relative to the pump housing in order to convey the first temperature control medium through the pump in the pump flow direction and thus through the first temperature control circuit.The pump flow direction is also called pump direction or first pump direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the invention provides that the electric drive device has a valve device arranged in the first temperature control circuit. The valve device can be switched between a first switching state and a second switching state. For this purpose, for example, the valve device has a valve part which is movable, in particular rotationally and / or translationally, between at least one first switching position effecting the first switching state and at least one second switching position effecting the second switching state, in particular relative to a valve housing of the valve device.In the first switching state, the pump, the heat exchanger and the part of the electrical machine are connected to one another, in particular in terms of flow, by means of the valve device in such a way that, with respect to the pump flow direction, the heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the pump and the part is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger and thus downstream of the pump, and a conveyance of the first temperature control medium effected by the pump, through the pump and in the pump flow direction, results in a flow of the first temperature control medium through the heat exchanger in a first heat exchanger flow direction and a flow of the first temperature control medium through the part in a first partial flow direction.In other words, if, in particular during operation of the electric drive device, the first temperature control medium is conveyed through the first temperature control circuit by means of the pump, so that the temperature control medium flows through the pump in the pump flow direction, while the valve device is in the first switching state, the first temperature control medium is guided or directed by means of the valve device in such a way that the first temperature control medium, on its way through the first temperature control circuit and thus on its way through the pump, the heat exchanger and the part of the electric machine, first flows through the pump, then through the heat exchanger and then through the machine part, in such a way that the first temperature control medium flows in the pump flow direction through the pump, in the first heat exchanger flow direction through the heat exchanger and in the first partial flow direction through the machine part.

[0014] In the second switching state, the pump, the heat exchanger, and the part of the electrical machine are connected to one another, in particular fluidically, by means of the valve device in such a way that, with respect to the pump flow direction, the part (machine part) is arranged downstream of the pump and the heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the part (machine part). A conveyance of the first temperature control medium, effected by the pump and through the pump and in the pump flow direction, results in a flow of the first temperature control medium through the part in a second partial flow direction opposite to the first partial flow direction, and a flow of the first temperature control medium through the heat exchanger in a second heat exchanger flow direction opposite to the first heat exchanger flow direction. In other words,If the first temperature control medium is conveyed through the first temperature control circuit by means of the pump in such a way that the first temperature control medium flows through the pump in the pump flow direction, while the valve device is in the second switching state, the first temperature control medium is guided or guided by means of the valve device in such a way that the first temperature control medium, on its way through the first temperature control circuit, first flows through the pump, then through the machine part and then through the heat exchanger, in such a way that the first temperature control medium flows through the pump in the pump flow direction, through the machine part in the second partial flow direction and through the heat exchanger in the second heat exchanger flow direction,wherein the second partial flow direction is opposite to the first partial flow direction, and the second heat exchanger flow direction is opposite to the first heat exchanger flow direction. This means that, by means of the valve device, a reversal of the flow direction can be effected with respect to a respective flow direction in which the first temperature control medium flows through the heat exchanger and through the machine part, since in the first switching state, the first temperature control medium flows through the heat exchanger in the first heat exchanger flow direction and through the machine part in the first partial flow direction, and since in the second switching state, the first temperature control medium flows through the machine part in the second partial flow direction and through the heat exchanger in the second heat exchanger flow direction,Although in both the first switching state and the second switching state, the first temperature control medium flows through the pump in the same pump flow direction, thus in both the first switching state and the second switching state, the first temperature control medium is conveyed through the pump in the same pump flow direction by the pump. This reversal of the flow direction enables demand-based operation of the electric drive device with regard to the respective flow direction, so that at least a portion of the motor vehicle can be temperature-controlled in a particularly efficient manner. For example, the portion of the motor vehicle whose interior, also referred to as the passenger cell or passenger compartment, is delimited by a structure of the motor vehicle, for example, designed as a self-supporting body, is or includes the interior of the motor vehicle.So, for example, the interior of the motor vehicle can be particularly advantageously tempered, in particular heated, by the invention. This is particularly possible if the motor vehicle is designed as an electric vehicle, in particular as a battery-electric vehicle (BEV). The invention is based in particular on the following findings and considerations:

[0015] A common problem with electrically powered motor vehicles, such as electric vehicles, is that their range can be significantly reduced at low ambient temperatures, such as in winter. This range reduction, also known as range loss or range reduction, is primarily caused by the high additional electrical expenditure or losses required to heat up the interior, also known as the cabin or vehicle cabin. Compared to combustion engine drivetrains, electric drivetrains exhibit very low heat losses. However, these losses are not available to heat the cabin or must usually be compensated for with the help of at least one or more auxiliary electric heaters.Consequently, it is particularly desirable to utilize technically induced and, for example, unavoidable, still existing losses as efficiently as possible to heat the cabin. Alternatively or additionally, the aforementioned sub-area of ​​the motor vehicle comprises, for example, the electrical energy storage device. Thus, it is possible, for example, alternatively or additionally, to utilize available and, for example, technically induced and, in particular, unavoidable losses, particularly in the form of waste heat or heat, to heat the electrical energy storage device, which is also referred to as a battery and, in particular, designed as a secondary battery, and to precondition it for charging, for example, which is conventionally also carried out with the aid of at least one or more electrical auxiliary heaters.

[0016] Since, for example, the first temperature control medium is an oil and since, for example, the second temperature control medium comprises at least or exclusively water, the heat exchanger is also referred to as an oil-water heat exchanger. In conventional electric drive trains, it is usually only possible to temperature-control, in particular to heat, a partial area of ​​the motor vehicle, i.e., for example, the interior and / or the battery, via the heat exchanger. In this case, the first temperature control medium is used, for example, to cool at least part of the electric machine and, for example, also to cool a transmission, also referred to as a transmission device, whereby the first temperature control medium is heated and thus absorbs heat, in particular from the machine part and possibly from the transmission.After cooling the machine part and, if applicable, the gear unit, the first temperature control medium flows back into a sump, which is designed, for example, as an oil sump and which is, for example, accommodated or can be accommodated in a housing of the drive device. For example, the first temperature control medium is sucked out of the sump, in particular again, in particular by means of the pump, with the first temperature control medium subsequently being guided, for example, via the heat exchanger again. In this case, the first temperature control medium usually loses at least part of the absorbed heat to the housing, the sump, an environment and, for example, to at least one further region and / or to at least one further element. The heat contained in the first temperature control medium is transferred to the second temperature control medium via the heat exchanger.For example, the resulting heat contained in the second temperature control medium is absorbed by a so-called chiller, which is arranged, for example, in the second temperature control circuit and, for example, in a refrigerant circuit. For this purpose, the chiller is operated, for example, as an evaporator, by means of which the refrigerant is evaporated, whereby the refrigerant absorbs heat from or from the second temperature control medium via the chiller. For example, a cooler is arranged in the refrigerant circuit, which can be or is operated, for example, as a condenser or a gas cooler. The refrigerant is cooled, for example, via the cooler in such a way that heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the air, which is then conducted, for example, into the interior. This heats the interior.This entire path from the generation of waste heat to its use, particularly for heating the interior, therefore involves numerous heat transfers and thermal sinks, and is sluggish and inefficient in transient conditions. For example, in order to heat the interior quickly, particularly in a heat pump situation, i.e., in heat pump operation, a volume and / or mass flow of the first temperature control medium in the first temperature control circuit is maximized in order to advantageously transfer heat from the first temperature control medium to or onto the second temperature control medium. However, at lower ambient temperatures and the associated high viscosity of the first temperature control medium, this is accompanied by high pump losses and high splash losses in the gear unit, which reduces any efficiency gain or efficiency advantage of heat pump operation.A further problem may be that the maximum continuous power of the electric machine depends significantly on the temperatures of the rotor and the stator. These temperatures arise as a function of the maximum volume or mass flow of the first temperature control medium and as a function of the temperature of the second temperature control medium in the heat exchanger. If, for example, the temperature of the second temperature control medium in the heat exchanger is 65°C, while, for example, the temperature of the first temperature control medium in the heat exchanger is 80°C, there is only a small temperature difference between the first temperature control medium and the second temperature control medium in the heat exchanger, which can prevent efficient and / or rapid heating of the interior. The aforementioned problems and disadvantages can now be avoided by the invention.In particular, by or in the second switching state of the valve device, in that in the second switching state the heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the electric machine or the machine part with respect to the pump flow direction, such that the machine part is arranged downstream of the pump and upstream of the heat exchanger with respect to the pump flow direction, heat, in particular waste heat, which is released from the machine part to the first temperature control medium while the first temperature control medium flows through the machine part in the second partial flow direction, can be used particularly effectively and efficiently via the heat exchanger in order to heat the second temperature control medium via the heat exchanger and to heat at least the partial area of ​​the motor vehicle via this. In particular, in or as a result of the second switching state, excessive heat losses from the first temperature control medium can be avoided.In other words, it can be avoided that, in the second switching state, the first temperature control medium loses an excessive amount of heat on its way from the machine part to the heat exchanger. Thus, in the second switching state, the first temperature control medium at or in the heat exchanger has an advantageously high temperature, as a result of which the second temperature control medium and, via this, at least the partial area of ​​the motor vehicle can be advantageously temperature-controlled, in particular heated. On the one hand, waste heat can thus be effectively and efficiently dissipated from or by the machine part in order to avoid excessively high temperatures in the machine part, without heating up the sump or housing parts of the drive device or other components and / or without an excessive amount of heat being lost to the environment.On the other hand, the first temperature control medium can thus contain a particularly high amount of heat when it flows through the heat exchanger in the second switching state, whereby the second temperature control medium and, via the heat exchanger, the motor vehicle can be advantageously heated. In other words, a particularly large amount of heat can be supplied to the second temperature control circuit in order to effectively and efficiently heat, for example, the interior and / or the electrical energy storage device via the second temperature control circuit, particularly when interior heating and / or battery heating are requested.

[0017] In order to effectively and efficiently temper, in particular heat, at least a portion of the motor vehicle and consequently achieve particularly efficient operation of the electric drive system, one embodiment of the invention provides for the pump to have a first connection and a second connection. The first connection is also referred to as the first pump connection, and the pump can be supplied with the first tempering medium via the first connection. The second connection is also referred to as the second pump connection, and the first tempering medium can be discharged from the pump via the second connection.This means that during operation the pump conveys the first temperature control medium towards itself via the first connection, thus sucking it in and conveying it from the first connection to the second connection and away from itself via the second connection, so that, for example, the first connection is arranged on a suction side of the pump and the second connection is arranged on a pressure side of the pump, in particular both in the first switching state and in the second switching state. The heat exchanger has a third connection and a fourth connection. The machine part has a fifth connection and a sixth connection. The first temperature control medium can flow through the respective connection.

[0018] In the first switching state of the valve device, the connections are interconnected by means of the valve device, in particular in terms of flow, such that, with respect to the pump flow direction, the second connection is arranged downstream of the first connection, the third connection downstream of the second connection, the fourth connection downstream of the third connection, the fifth connection downstream of the fourth connection, and the sixth connection downstream of the fifth connection. As a result, in the first switching state, the heat exchanger can be supplied via the third connection with the first temperature control medium provided by the pump via the second connection, and the machine part can be supplied via the fifth connection with the first temperature control medium provided by the heat exchanger via the fourth connection.

[0019] In the second switching state, the connections are interconnected by means of the valve device, in particular fluidically, such that, with respect to the pump flow direction, the second connection is arranged downstream of the first connection, the sixth connection downstream of the second connection, the fifth connection downstream of the sixth connection, the fourth connection downstream of the fifth connection, and the third connection downstream of the fourth connection. As a result, the machine part can be supplied with the first temperature control medium provided by the pump via the second connection via the sixth connection, and the heat exchanger can be supplied with the first temperature control medium provided by the machine part via the fifth connection via the fourth connection.As a result, heat, in particular waste heat, which is transferred from the electric machine to or onto the first temperature control medium, can be used particularly effectively and efficiently via the heat exchanger in order to temperature-control, in particular to heat, the second temperature control medium and, via this, at least the partial area of ​​the motor vehicle.

[0020] In order to be able to achieve particularly effective and efficient temperature control, in particular heating, of at least the partial area of ​​the motor vehicle and consequently particularly efficient operation of the drive device, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the first temperature control circuit, at least with regard to the first switching state, is designed as a closed circuit at least from the second connection up to the fifth connection. This makes it possible to avoid excessive heat losses from the first temperature control medium. A further embodiment is characterized in that the electric drive device has the aforementioned sump, which is an oil sump, in particular when the first temperature control medium is an oil. The first temperature control medium can be accommodated or is accommodated in the sump.With respect to the first partial flow direction, the temperature control circuit branches downstream of the sixth outlet or at the sixth outlet into a return branch and a transmission branch. In particular, the return branch and the transmission branch are connected in parallel to one another in terms of flow, at least with respect to the first partial flow direction. The aforementioned transmission device of the electric drive device is arranged in the transmission branch, wherein the transmission device is arranged outside the return branch. In particular, the motor vehicle can be driven by means of the electric machine via the transmission device. The first temperature control medium flowing through the transmission branch can be guided into the sump via the transmission device. In other words, with respect to the first partial flow direction, the transmission device is arranged upstream of the sump and downstream of the part.Thus, for example, the first temperature control medium flowing through the transmission branch flows through the transmission device on its way through the transmission branch, which can be temperature-controlled, i.e., cooled and / or heated, by means of the first temperature control medium flowing through the transmission branch. After the temperature control of the transmission device has been controlled, the first temperature control medium flows into the sump. The first temperature control medium flowing through the return branch can be guided into the sump via the return branch, bypassing the transmission device. This means that the temperature control medium flowing through the return branch flows around the transmission device on its way to the sump, i.e., does not flow through the transmission device. This enables particularly efficient operation of the drive device.

[0021] In a further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the part comprises both the stator and the rotor of the electric machine. The stator is arranged in a first machine branch of the first temperature control circuit, and the rotor is arranged in a second machine branch of the first temperature control circuit, which is connected in fluidic parallel to the first machine branch. Thus, on its way through the machine part, the first temperature control medium flows, from a fluidic perspective, parallel through the first machine branch and the second machine branch, and thus, from a fluidic perspective, parallel through the stator and the rotor, whereby particularly advantageous temperature control and, consequently, particularly advantageous operation of the drive device can be achieved.

[0022] In a further embodiment of the invention, a pressure relief valve is arranged in the transmission branch, which is arranged, for example, upstream or downstream of the transmission device in the flow direction of the first temperature control medium flowing through the transmission branch. In order to be able to realize particularly efficient operation of the drive device, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the electric drive device has the aforementioned refrigerant circuit through which the coolant can flow. In addition, the electric drive device has a second heat exchanger arranged both in the refrigerant circuit and in the second temperature control circuit and outside the first temperature control circuit, which second heat exchanger can be or is operated at least as an evaporator for evaporating the coolant. For example, the second heat exchanger is the aforementioned chiller.Heat can be exchanged between the coolant and the second temperature control medium via the second heat exchanger, in particular by operating the second heat exchanger as an evaporator, allowing heat to be transferred from the second temperature control medium to and onto the coolant. The heat transferred from the second temperature control medium to or onto the coolant can be used, for example, to control the temperature of at least a portion of the motor vehicle, i.e., for example, the energy storage device and / or the interior, in particular to heat it, thereby enabling particularly efficient temperature control and, consequently, particularly efficient operation of the drive system.

[0023] In order to be able to implement particularly needs-based and thus efficient operation of the drive device, a further embodiment of the invention provides that a second pump is arranged in the second temperature control circuit, by means of which second pump the second temperature control medium can be conveyed through the second pump in a second pump flow direction and can thus be conveyed through the second temperature control circuit. In particular, the previous and following explanations regarding the first pump can also be easily transferred to the second pump, but then with reference to the second temperature control medium instead of the first temperature control medium. Furthermore, a valve element is arranged in the second temperature control circuit, which can be switched between a third switching state and a fourth switching state. For example, the valve element has a second valve part, which is arranged, for example, in a second valve housing of the valve element.For example, the second valve part is movable relative to the second valve housing between at least one third switching position causing the third switching state and at least one fourth switching position causing the fourth switching state, in particular rotationally and / or translationally.

[0024] In the third switching state, the second pump and the heat exchanger are fluidly interconnected in the second temperature control circuit by means of the valve element in such a way that a conveyance of the second temperature control medium through the second pump and in the second pump flow direction results in a flow of the second temperature control medium through the heat exchanger in a third heat exchanger flow direction. In other words, if the second temperature control medium is conveyed by means of the second pump in such a way that the second temperature control medium flows through the second pump in the second pump flow direction while the valve element is in the third switching state, the second temperature control medium flows through the heat exchanger in the third heat exchanger flow direction.Preferably, the third heat exchanger flow direction is opposite to the first heat exchanger flow direction and vice versa.

[0025] In the fourth switching state, the second pump and the heat exchanger are fluidically interconnected in the second temperature control circuit by means of the valve element in such a way that a conveyance of the second temperature control medium effected by the second pump through the second pump and in the second pump flow direction results in a flow of the second temperature control medium through the heat exchanger in a fourth heat exchanger flow direction opposite to the third heat exchanger flow direction.In other words, if the second temperature control medium is conveyed by the second pump in such a way that the second temperature control medium flows through the second pump in the second pump flow direction while the valve element is in the fourth switching state, the second temperature control medium subsequently flows through the heat exchanger in the fourth heat exchanger flow direction, wherein the fourth heat exchanger flow direction is preferably opposite to the second heat exchanger flow direction. The fourth heat exchanger flow direction is opposite to the third heat exchanger flow direction, and vice versa. This ensures advantageous flow through the heat exchanger, so that particularly efficient operation can be achieved.

[0026] Preferably, the valve element is in the third switching state when, and preferably always when, the valve device is in the first switching state. Furthermore, the valve element is preferably in the fourth switching state when, and preferably always when, the valve device is in the second switching state. This allows the heat exchanger to be operated as a counterflow heat exchanger in both the first switching state and the second switching state, so that a particularly advantageous heat exchange between the temperature control means can be realized.If, for example, the first temperature control medium is conveyed by means of the (first) pump in such a way that the first temperature control medium flows through the first pump in the first pump flow direction, while the valve device is in the first switching state, the valve element is in the third switching state and the second temperature control medium is conveyed by means of the second pump in such a way that the second temperature control medium flows through the second pump in the second pump flow direction, the first temperature control medium flows through the heat exchanger in the first heat exchanger flow direction, and the second temperature control medium flows through the heat exchanger in the third heat exchanger flow direction, wherein the third heat exchanger flow direction is preferably opposite to the first heat exchanger flow direction.If, for example, the first temperature control medium is conveyed by means of the first pump in such a way that the first temperature control medium flows through the first pump in the first pump flow direction, while the valve device is in the second switching state, the valve element is in the fourth switching state, and the second pump conveys the second temperature control medium in such a way that the second temperature control medium flows through the second pump in the second pump flow direction, the first temperature control medium flows through the heat exchanger in the second heat exchanger flow direction, and the second temperature control medium flows through the heat exchanger in the fourth heat exchanger flow direction, so that both in the first switching state and in the second switching state the heat exchanger can be or is operated as a counterflow heat exchanger.This allows heat to be exchanged effectively and efficiently between the temperature control media via the heat exchanger, ensuring particularly efficient operation.

[0027] A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an electric drive device according to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention, and vice versa.

[0028] In order to be able to realize particularly efficient operation, one embodiment of the second aspect of the invention provides that the electric drive device is operated in an efficiency mode in which the valve device is in the first switching state. The electric drive device is preferably operated in a heat pump mode when a determined actual temperature in an interior of the motor vehicle is lower than a predeterminable target temperature, wherein in the heat pump mode the valve device is in the first switching state. The electric drive device is preferably operated in a battery heating mode when a determined actual temperature of the electrical energy storage device of the motor vehicle is lower than a target temperature. In this way, particularly efficient operation can be realized.

[0029] Finally, it has proven particularly advantageous if the electric machine is operated in the battery heating mode in a power wasting mode, in which the electric machine is deliberately operated with a second efficiency that is lower than a possible first efficiency. This deliberately generates waste heat from the electric machine, which is transferred to the first temperature control medium, which is thereby heated. This allows for particularly efficient operation of the drive device.

[0030] The target temperature of the electrical energy storage device is also referred to as the target battery temperature. The actual temperature of the electrical energy storage device is also referred to as the actual battery temperature.

[0031] The target battery temperature is determined, for example, from a battery heating characteristic map. For example, the method is carried out using an electronic computing device of the electric drive system, wherein, for example, the battery heating characteristic map is stored in a memory of the electronic computing device. In the battery heating characteristic map, the target battery temperature is defined, for example, as a function of a current state of charge value and as a function of a particular current ambient temperature. The state of charge value characterizes a particular current state of charge of the current energy storage device.Alternatively or additionally, for example, the electric drive device is operated in the battery heating mode if a determined potential efficiency loss of the electric drive device due to activation of the battery heating mode, also referred to as switching on, is lower than a determined efficiency gain of the electric drive device.

[0032] The power wasting mode is also called power wasting mode, in which waste heat is generated by deliberately operating the electrical machine with poorer efficiency, i.e. with lower efficiency.

[0033] For example, the electric drive system is operated in efficiency mode when neither battery heating mode nor heat pump mode is requested.

[0034] For example, if a navigation input predicts that a rapid charging process is imminent and / or if a user of the electric drive system has selected a rapid charging station, the target battery temperature is determined from a charging power map in which the target battery temperature is defined as a function of the maximum power of the rapid charging station, the ambient temperature, and the state of charge value. If the target battery temperature is greater than the actual battery temperature, the second switching state for activating the battery heating mode is selected, i.e., set or switched on.

[0035] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures, can be used not only in the respective specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0036] The drawing shows: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an electric drive device for a motor vehicle; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the electric drive device; and Fig. 3 a flowchart illustrating a method for operating the electric drive device.

[0037] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

[0038] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an electric drive device 10 for a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle. The motor vehicle, which is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, has the electric drive device 10 in its fully manufactured state and can be driven by the electric drive device 10, in particular purely electrically. The drive device 10 has at least one electric machine 12, which has a stator 14 and a rotor 16. The rotor 16 can be driven by the stator 14 and is thus rotatable about a machine axis of rotation relative to the stator 14. Via its rotor 16, the electric machine 12 can provide drive torques for driving the motor vehicle, in particular purely electrically.The electric machine 12 has a part 18, also referred to as a machine part, which comprises the stator 14 and / or the rotor 16. In the first embodiment, the machine part (part 18) comprises both the stator 14 and the rotor 16, so that when reference is made to part 18 below, this refers to the stator 14 and the rotor 16.

[0039] The drive device has a first temperature control circuit 20 through which a first temperature control medium flows. The first temperature control circuit 20 is a liquid and is designed as an oil, so that the first temperature control circuit 20 is also referred to as an oil circuit or oil circuit. It can be seen that the part 18 is arranged in the oil circuit and is thus to be temperature-controlled, i.e., heated and / or cooled, by means of the oil flowing through the oil circuit.

[0040] The drive device 10 also has a second temperature control circuit 22 through which a second temperature control medium can flow. The second temperature control medium is a different temperature control medium from the first temperature control medium. In particular, the second temperature control medium comprises at least water, so that the second temperature control medium is also referred to as temperature control water or cooling water. Therefore, the second temperature control circuit 22 is also referred to as a cooling circuit, cooling water circuit, or vehicle cooling circuit. The first temperature control circuit 20 is also referred to as the first circuit, and the second temperature control circuit 22 is also referred to as the second circuit.

[0041] The drive device 10 has an electrical energy storage device 24, which is also referred to as a battery. It can be seen that the energy storage device 24 is a component provided in addition to the electric machine 12 and is arranged outside the temperature control circuit 20 and in the temperature control circuit 22. As a result, the energy storage device 24 can be temperature-controlled, i.e., cooled and / or heated, by means of the second temperature control medium flowing through the second temperature control circuit 22. The drive device 10 also has, as a third circuit, a refrigerant circuit 26 through which a refrigerant can flow. The refrigerant circuit 26 can be operated in heat pump mode and thus as a heat pump, whereby the drive device 10 can be operated in heat pump mode.

[0042] The drive device 10 has a first heat exchanger 28, which is arranged in both the temperature control circuit 20 and the temperature control circuit 22 and thus allows both the first temperature control medium and the second temperature control medium to flow through it. It can be seen that the heat exchanger 28 is arranged outside the refrigerant circuit 26, i.e., not in the refrigerant circuit 26. Heat is exchanged between the temperature control media via the heat exchanger 28.

[0043] A first pump 30, also referred to as an oil pump, is arranged in the first temperature control circuit 20. The pump 30 is designed to pump the first temperature control medium through the pump 30, i.e., through itself, in a first pump flow direction, particularly precisely indicated by an arrow 32, whereby the first temperature control medium can be pumped through the first temperature control circuit 20.

[0044] In the first temperature control circuit 20, a valve device 34 is arranged, which can be switched between a first switching state S1, which is Fig. 1, and a second switching state S2 is shown. In the first switching state S1, the first pump 30, the first heat exchanger 28 and the part 18 of the electric machine 12 are fluidically interconnected in the first temperature control circuit 20 by means of the valve device 34 in such a way that, with respect to the first pump flow direction, the heat exchanger 28 is arranged downstream of the pump 30 and the part 18 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 28 and a conveyance of the first temperature control medium effected by the pump 30 and passing through the pump 30 in the first pump flow direction results in a flow of the first temperature control medium through the heat exchanger 28 in a first heat exchanger flow direction and a flow of the first temperature control medium through the part 18 in a first partial flow direction.The first heat exchanger flow direction is illustrated by an arrow 35, and the first partial flow direction is illustrated by an arrow 36. When reference is made above and below to the pump flow direction, this refers, unless otherwise stated, to the first pump flow direction illustrated by arrow 32.

[0045] In the second switching state S2, the pump 30, the heat exchanger 28 and the part 18 of the electric machine 12 are fluidically interconnected in the first temperature control circuit 20 by means of the valve device 34 in such a way that, with respect to the first pump flow direction (arrow 32), the part 18 is arranged downstream of the pump 30 and the heat exchanger 28 is arranged downstream of the part 18 and from a conveyance of the first temperature control medium effected by the pump 30 through the pump 30 and in the first pump flow direction (arrow 32), a flow of the first temperature control medium through the part 18 in a second partial flow direction opposite to the first partial flow direction (arrow 36) and a flow of the first tempering agent.The second heat exchanger flow direction is opposite to the first heat exchanger flow direction and is illustrated by an arrow 38. The second partial flow direction is opposite to the first partial flow direction and is illustrated by an arrow 40.

[0046] It can be seen that the drive device 10 has a sump 42, in this case designed as an oil sump, which is arranged, for example, in the first temperature control circuit 20. The oil is received or can be received in the sump 42. For example, the sump 42 is arranged in a housing 44 of the drive device 10. In the first temperature control circuit 20, a filter 45 for filtering the first temperature control medium is arranged downstream of the sump 42 and upstream of the pump 30 with respect to the first pump flow direction, wherein the filter 45 is designed as an oil filter in this case.

[0047] It can be seen that the first temperature control circuit 20 has a first machine branch Z1 and a second machine branch Z2, which are connected in parallel with each other in terms of flow with respect to the first pump flow direction. The rotor 16 is arranged in the machine branch Z2, and the stator 14 is arranged in the machine branch Z1. A pressure relief valve 46 is arranged in the machine branch Z2 upstream of the rotor 16, via which the rotor 16 can be supplied with the first temperature control medium. Furthermore, a valve element 48 with a check valve is arranged in the machine branch Z2.

[0048] The pump 30 has a first connection A1 and a second connection A2, wherein the pump 30 can be supplied with the first temperature control medium via the connection A1. The first temperature control medium can be discharged from the pump 30 via the second connection A2. The heat exchanger 28 has a third connection A3 and a fourth connection A4. The part 18 has a fifth connection A5 and a sixth connection A6.In the first switching state S1, the connections A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6 are fluidically interconnected in the first temperature control circuit 20 by means of the valve device 34 in such a way that, with respect to the first pump flow direction, the second connection A2 is arranged downstream of the first connection A1, the third connection A3 downstream of the second connection A2, the fourth connection A4 downstream of the third connection A3, the fifth connection A5 downstream of the fourth connection A4 and the sixth connection A6 downstream of the fifth connection A5, whereby the heat exchanger 28 can be supplied via the third connection A3 with the first temperature control medium provided by the pump 30 via the second connection A2 and the part 18 can be supplied via the fifth connection A5 with the first temperature control medium provided by the heat exchanger 28 via the fourth connection A4.In the second switching state S2, the connections A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6 are fluidically interconnected in the first temperature control circuit 20 by means of the valve device 34 in such a way that, with respect to the first pump flow direction (arrow 32), the second connection A2 is arranged downstream of the first connection A1, the sixth connection A6 downstream of the second connection A2, the fifth connection A5 downstream of the sixth connection A6, the fourth connection A4 downstream of the fifth connection A5 and the third connection A3 downstream of the fourth connection A4, whereby the part 18 can be supplied via the sixth connection A6 with the first temperature control medium provided by the pump 30 via the second connection A2 and the heat exchanger 28 can be supplied via the fourth connection A4 with the first temperature control medium provided by the part 18 via the fifth connection A5.The temperature control circuit 20 is, for example, designed as a closed circuit at least from the second connection A2 to the fifth connection A5, at least with respect to the first switching state S1.

[0049] With respect to the first partial flow direction (arrow 36), the first temperature control circuit 20 branches downstream of the sixth outlet A6 or at the sixth outlet A6 into a return branch 50 and a transmission branch 52. The drive device 10 has a transmission device 54, via which the motor vehicle can be driven by means of the electric machine 12. It can be seen that the transmission device 54 is arranged in the transmission branch 52 such that, in the flow direction of the first temperature control medium flowing through the transmission branch 52 and towards the sump 42, the transmission device 54 is arranged upstream of the sump 42 and downstream of the connection A6, in particular downstream of a valve element 56 arranged in the transmission branch 52. The valve element 56 is arranged downstream of the connection A1 and upstream of the transmission device 54 in the flow direction of the first temperature control medium flowing through the transmission branch 52 and towards the sump 42.The valve element 56 can be switched between a third switching state S3, which is shown in . Fig. 1, and a fourth switching state S4. In the third switching state S3, the transmission branch 52 is fluidically blocked by the valve element 56. In the fourth switching state S4, the valve element 56 releases the transmission branch 52, so that the transmission device 54 can be supplied with the first temperature control medium coming from the connection A6 via the valve element 56. The transmission device 54 can thus be temperature-controlled using the first temperature control medium. The first temperature control medium coming from the connection A6 can be returned to the sump 42 via the return branch 50, bypassing the transmission device 54 and, in this case, also bypassing the valve element 56, so that the first temperature control medium does not flow through the valve element 56 or through the transmission device 54 on its way through the return branch 50. It can be seen that the valve device 34 is arranged in the return branch 50.

[0050] A second heat exchanger 58 is arranged in the refrigerant circuit 26 and is arranged both in the refrigerant circuit 26 and in the second temperature control circuit 22. Thus, both the refrigerant and the second temperature control medium can flow through the second heat exchanger 58. The heat exchanger 58 can be operated at least as an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant. In particular, the heat exchanger 58 is operated as the aforementioned evaporator in heat pump mode, by means of which the refrigerant is evaporated in heat pump mode. Heat can be exchanged between the refrigerant and the second temperature control medium via the heat exchanger 58. If the heat exchanger 58 is operated as the aforementioned evaporator in heat pump mode, the second temperature control medium is cooled and the refrigerant is heated via the heat exchanger 58, since heat is transferred from the temperature control medium to the refrigerant via the heat exchanger 58.A third heat exchanger 60 is arranged in the refrigerant circuit 26, which can be operated at least as a cooler for cooling the refrigerant, in particular as a condenser for condensing and thereby cooling the refrigerant. In particular, for example, the heat exchanger 60 is operated as the aforementioned cooler in heat pump mode. It can be seen that the heat exchanger 60 can be flowed around by the refrigerant and by air 62, which can be or is conveyed, for example, by means of a fan 64, which is in particular electrically operated. The air 62 is, for example, cabin air, since the air 62 can be introduced into an interior of the motor vehicle, also referred to as the passenger cell or passenger compartment. In heat pump mode, the refrigerant is cooled by means of the heat exchanger 60, in that heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the air 62 flowing around the heat exchanger 60 via the heat exchanger 60. This heats the air 62.If the air 62 is introduced into the interior, the interior is warmed, i.e., heated. For example, the heat exchanger 60 can also be operated as an evaporator to evaporate the refrigerant.

[0051] A second pump 66 is arranged in the second temperature control circuit 22, which is designed to convey the second temperature control medium in, in particular precisely, a second pump flow direction through the second pump 66 and thereby through the second temperature control circuit 22. The second pump flow direction is illustrated by an arrow 68. Furthermore, a valve element 70 is arranged in the second temperature control circuit 22, which can be switched between a fifth switching state S5 and a sixth switching state S6.In the fifth switching state S5, the second pump 66 and the heat exchanger 28 are fluidically interconnected in the second temperature control circuit 22 by means of the valve element 70 in such a way that a conveyance of the second temperature control medium through the second pump 66 and in the second pump flow direction (arrow 68) by means of the second pump 66 results in a flow of the second temperature control medium through the heat exchanger 28 in a third heat exchanger flow direction. The third heat exchanger flow direction is illustrated by an arrow 71 and is opposite to the first heat exchanger flow direction (arrow 35).

[0052] In the sixth switching state S6, the second pump 66 and the heat exchanger 28 are fluidically interconnected in the second temperature control circuit 22 by means of the valve element 70 in such a way that a conveyance of the second temperature control medium, effected by the second pump 66, through the second pump 66 and in the second pump flow direction (arrow 68), results in a flow of the second temperature control medium through the heat exchanger 28 in a fourth heat exchanger flow direction opposite the third heat exchanger flow direction (arrow 71). The fourth heat exchanger flow direction is illustrated by an arrow 72 and is opposite the second heat exchanger flow direction (arrow 38). Thus, the heat exchanger 28 can be operated as a countercurrent heat exchanger both in the first switching state S1 and in the second switching state S2.

[0053] A fourth heat exchanger 74, which is designed as an ambient air heat exchanger, is arranged in the second temperature control circuit 22. The air 62 can, for example, be airflow resulting from forward travel of the motor vehicle and flowing around the heat exchanger 60, in particular without the fan 64 being operated. It can be seen that the ambient air heat exchanger can be flowed around by the air 62. Furthermore, the ambient air heat exchanger can be flowed through by the second temperature control medium, so that, for example, heat can be exchanged between the second temperature control medium and the air 62 via the ambient air heat exchanger 74. In particular, the second temperature control medium can be cooled by means of the air 62 via the ambient air heat exchanger, in that heat is transferred from the second temperature control medium to the air 62 via the ambient air heat exchanger.

[0054] It can also be seen that power electronics 76 are arranged in the temperature control circuit 22, via which, for example, the electric machine 12 can be supplied with electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 24. The second temperature control medium can be used to control the temperature of the electrical energy storage device 24 and the power electronics 76, i.e., to cool and / or heat them.

[0055] A valve element 78 is arranged in the temperature control circuit 22 and can be switched between a seventh switching state S7 and an eighth switching state S8. In the seventh switching state S7, the second temperature control medium coming from the heat exchanger 58 is guided via the valve element 78 past the energy storage device 24, which is thus bypassed by the second temperature control medium coming from the heat exchanger 58. The second temperature control medium coming from the second pump 66 and bypassing the power electronics 76, the heat exchanger 28, and the heat exchanger 58 is guided to the energy storage device 24 via the valve element 78 in the switching state S7. In the eighth switching state S8, the temperature control medium coming from the heat exchanger 58 is guided to the energy storage device 24 by means of the valve element 78.

[0056] The aforementioned interior of the motor vehicle is in Fig. 1 is shown particularly schematically and designated 80.

[0057] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the electric drive device 10. In the second embodiment, a valve element 82, in particular with an adjustable flow cross-section, is arranged in the second machine branch Z2 upstream of the rotor 16 and downstream of the connection A5.

[0058] Fig.3 shows a diagram illustrating a method for operating the electric drive device 10. In a block B1, a decision is made as to whether a heat pump mode of the drive device 10 should be requested or not, thus whether the drive device 10 should be operated in the heat pump mode or not. In the heat pump mode, the refrigerant circuit 26 is operated in heat pump mode. If a determined, in particular measured, actual temperature in the interior 80 is lower than a target temperature set, for example, by a person, and if, for example, a person has activated an air conditioning system of the motor vehicle, a decision is made via a block B1 that the drive device 10 is operated in the heat pump mode.In a block B2, a decision is made as to whether a battery heating mode, also referred to as battery auxiliary heating mode, of the drive device 10 should be requested or not, i.e., whether the drive device 10 should be operated in the battery heating mode or not, in particular to thereby realize particularly efficient operation of the drive device 10. If a current actual temperature of the energy storage device 24 is lower than a corresponding target temperature, two functions are activated, for example. In a first of the functions, a potential efficiency loss due to heating the energy storage device 24 is calculated.Since the electric machine 12 is operated in the battery heating mode in a power-wasting mode in which the electric machine 12 is operated with a lower efficiency than possible in order to deliberately generate waste heat, causing the stator 14 to become particularly warm, this results in an efficiency disadvantage of the drive device 10. In a second of the functions, a potential efficiency gain is calculated that can be realized when the energy storage device 24 is heated. If the potential efficiency loss is less than the potential efficiency gain, a decision is made in block B2 that the drive device 10 is operated in the battery heating mode. In a third block B3, a decision is made as to whether the battery heating mode should be predictively requested or not, for example in order to advantageously keep a charging time for charging the energy storage device 24 during rapid charging as short as possible.A motor vehicle's navigation system, for example, predicts whether a rapid charging process for charging the energy storage device 24 is imminent, for example at a motorway service station, particularly depending on whether a user of the motor vehicle has selected a charging station. Information about the maximum charging power of the charging station, also referred to as a charging station, is then also available, for example, since it is stored, for example, in navigation data. Depending on a characteristic map, which additionally depends on an ambient temperature and, in particular, the current charge state of the energy storage device 24, a target value for optimizing the charging time during rapid charging is determined and provided.If this setpoint specification, which is designed as a setpoint temperature, for example, is greater than the actual or current temperature of the energy storage device 24, it is decided, for example in block B3, that the battery heating mode is activated, and thus the drive device 10 is operated in the battery heating mode.

[0059] Furthermore, for example, the drive device 10 can be operated in an operating mode that is different from the battery heating mode and the heat pump mode, which operating mode is also referred to as the efficiency mode. The battery heating mode, the heat pump mode, and the efficiency mode are collectively referred to as modes. In a block B4, one of the modes is selected depending on predeterminable or predefined requirements. If, with regard to the modes, only the battery heating mode is requested, the battery heating mode is activated, and the drive device 10 is then operated in the battery heating mode. If, with regard to the modes, only the heat pump mode is requested, the heat pump mode is activated, and the drive device 10 is then operated in the heat pump mode.If both the heat pump mode and the battery heating mode are requested, the battery heating mode is activated, thus the drive device 10 is then operated in the battery heating mode. If neither the heat pump mode nor the battery heating mode is requested, the efficiency mode is activated, thus the drive device 10 is then operated in the efficiency mode. List of reference symbols 10 electric drive device 12 electric machine 14 Stator 16 Rotor Part 18 20 first temperature control circuit 22 second temperature control circuit 24 energy storage units 26 Refrigerant circuit 28 first heat exchanger 30 first pump 32 Arrow 34 Valve device 35 Arrow 36 Arrow 38 Arrow 40 Arrow 42 Swamp 44 housings 45 filters 46 Pressure relief valve 48 Check valve 50 return branch 52 transmission branch 54 Gearbox 56 Valve element 58 second heat exchanger 60 third heat exchanger 62 Air 64 fans 66 second pump 68 Arrow 70 valve element 71 Arrow 72 Arrow 74 heat exchangers 76 Power electronics 78 Valve element 80 interior 82 Valve element A1 first connection A2 second connection A3 third junction A4 fourth connection A5 fifth connection A6 sixth connection B1 first block B2 second block B3 third block B4 fourth block S1 first switching state S2 second switching state S3 third switching state S4 fourth switching state S5 fifth switching state S6 sixth switching state S7 seventh switching state S8 eighth switching state QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 102 34 087 A1

[0002] DE 41 32 939 A1

[0002]

Claims

[1] An electric drive device (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one electric machine (12) by means of which the motor vehicle can be driven, comprising a first temperature control circuit (20) through which a first temperature control medium can flow, in which at least one part (18) of the electric machine (12) comprising a rotor (16) and / or a stator (14) of the electric machine (12) is arranged, the part (18) of which is to be temperature-controlled by means of the first temperature control medium, comprising a second temperature control circuit (22) through which a second temperature control medium can flow, and comprising a heat exchanger (28) arranged both in the first temperature control circuit (20) and in the second temperature control circuit (22), via which heat can be exchanged between the temperature control means, characterized by that in the first tempering circuit (20): - a pump (30) is arranged, by means of which the first temperature control medium can be conveyed through the pump (30) in a pump flow direction (32) and thereby through the first temperature control circuit (20); and - a valve device (34) is arranged which can be switched between: ◯ a first switching state (S1), in which the pump (30), the heat exchanger (28) and the part (18) of the electric machine (12) are interconnected in the first temperature control circuit (20) by means of the valve device (34) in such a way that, with respect to the pump flow direction (32), the heat exchanger (28) is arranged downstream of the pump (30) and the part (18) is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger (28), and a conveyance of the first temperature control medium effected by the pump (30) through the pump (30) and in the pump flow direction (32) results in a flow of the first temperature control medium through the heat exchanger (28) in a first heat exchanger flow direction (35) and a flow of the first temperature control medium through the part (18) in a first partial flow direction (36); and o a second switching state (S2), in which the pump (30), the heat exchanger (28) and the part (18) of the electric machine (12) are interconnected in the first temperature control circuit (20) by means of the valve device (34) in such a way that, with respect to the pump flow direction (32), the part (18) is arranged downstream of the pump (30) and the heat exchanger (28) is arranged downstream of the part (18), and from a conveyance of the first temperature control medium effected by the pump (30) through the pump (30) and in the pump flow direction (32), a flow of the first temperature control medium through the part (18) in a second partial flow direction (40) opposite to the first partial flow direction (36) and a flow through the heat exchanger (28) in a second heat exchanger flow direction (38) opposite to the first heat exchanger flow direction (35) of the first tempering agent. [2] Electric drive device (10) according to claim 1, characterized by , that: - the pump (30) has a first connection (A1) via which the pump (30) can be supplied with the first temperature control medium, and a second connection (A2) via which the first temperature control medium can be discharged from the pump (30); - the heat exchanger (28) has a third connection (A3) and a fourth connection (A4); - the part (18) has a fifth terminal (A5) and a sixth terminal (A6); - in the first switching state (S1), the connections (A1-6) are interconnected in the first temperature control circuit (20) by means of the valve device (34) such that, with respect to the pump flow direction (32), the second connection (A2) is arranged downstream of the first connection (A1), the third connection (A3) downstream of the second connection (A2), the fourth connection (A4) downstream of the third connection (A3), the fifth connection (A5) downstream of the fourth connection (A4), and the sixth connection (A6) downstream of the fifth connection (A5), whereby the heat exchanger (28) can be supplied via the third connection (A3) with the first temperature control medium provided by the pump (30) via the second connection (A2), and the part (18) can be supplied via the fifth connection (A5) with the first temperature control medium provided by the heat exchanger (28) via the fourth connection (A4); and - in the second switching state (S2), the connections (A1-6) are interconnected in the first temperature control circuit (20) by means of the valve device (34) in such a way that, with respect to the pump flow direction (32), the second connection (A2) is arranged downstream of the first connection (A1), the sixth connection (A6) downstream of the second connection (A2), the fifth connection (A5) downstream of the sixth connection (A6), the fourth connection (A4) downstream of the fifth connection (A5) and the third connection (A3) downstream of the fourth connection (A4), whereby the part (18) can be supplied via the sixth connection (A6) with the first temperature control medium provided by the pump (30) via the second connection (A2) and the heat exchanger (28) can be supplied via the fourth connection (A4) with the first temperature control medium provided by the part (18) via the fifth connection (A5). [3] Electric drive device (10) according to claim 2, characterized bythat the first temperature control circuit (20) is designed as a closed circuit at least from the second connection (A2) to the fifth connection (A5), at least with respect to the first switching state (S1). [4] Electric drive device (10) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by , that - the electric drive device (10) has a sump (42) in which the first temperature control medium can be accommodated; - the first temperature control circuit (20) branches into a return branch (50) and a transmission branch (52) downstream of the sixth outlet (A6) or at the sixth outlet (A6) with respect to the first partial flow direction (36); - a transmission device (54) arranged outside the return branch (50) is arranged in the transmission branch (52), via which the first temperature control medium flowing through the transmission branch (52) can be guided into the sump (42); and - the first temperature control medium flowing through the return branch (50) can be guided into the sump (42) via the return branch (50), bypassing the gear device (54). [5] Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the part (18) has both the stator (14) and the rotor (16), wherein the stator (14) is arranged in a first machine branch (Z1) of the first temperature control circuit (20) and the rotor (16) is arranged in a second machine branch (Z2) of the first temperature control circuit (20) connected in parallel to the first machine branch (Z1). [6] Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by : - a refrigerant circuit (26) through which a refrigerant can flow; and - a second heat exchanger (58) arranged both in the refrigerant circuit (26) and in the second temperature control circuit (22) and outside the first temperature control circuit (20) and operable at least as an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant, via which heat can be exchanged between the refrigerant and the second temperature control medium. [7] Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in the second temperature control circuit (22) a second pump (66), by means of which the second temperature control medium can be conveyed in a second pump flow direction (68) through the second pump (66) and thereby through the second temperature control circuit (22), and a valve element (70) are arranged, which can be switched between: - a third switching state (S5), in which the second pump (66) and the heat exchanger (28) are interconnected in the second temperature control circuit (22) by means of the valve element (70) in such a way that a conveyance of the second temperature control medium effected by the second pump (66) through the second pump (66) and in the second pump flow direction (68) results in a flow of the second temperature control medium through the heat exchanger (28) in a third heat exchanger flow direction (71); and - a fourth switching state (S6), in which the second pump (66) and the heat exchanger (28) are interconnected in the second temperature control circuit (22) by means of the valve element (70) in such a way that a conveyance of the second temperature control medium effected by means of the second pump (66) through the second pump (66) and in the second pump flow direction (68) results in a flow of the second temperature control medium through the heat exchanger (28) in a fourth heat exchanger flow direction (72) opposite to the third heat exchanger flow direction (71). [8] Method for operating an electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims. [9] Method according to claim 8, characterized by , that: - the electric drive device (10) is operated in an efficiency mode in which the valve device (34) is in the first switching state (S1); - the electric drive device (10) is operated in a heat pump mode when a determined actual temperature in an interior (80) of the motor vehicle is lower than a predeterminable target temperature, wherein in the heat pump mode the valve device (34) is in the second switching state (S2); and - the electric drive device (10) is operated in a battery heating mode when a determined actual temperature of an electrical energy store (24) of the motor vehicle is lower than a target temperature, wherein in the battery heating mode the valve device (34) is in the second switching state (S2) [10] Method according to claim 9, characterized byin that the electric machine (12) is operated in the battery heating mode in a power wasting mode, in which the electric machine (12) is deliberately operated with a second efficiency of the electric machine (12) which is lower than a possible first efficiency, whereby waste heat is deliberately generated, by means of which the first temperature control medium is heated.

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