Winding aid device and method for winding a component by means of a wire and winding machine

Abstract

A winding aid device (1) is provided for winding the winding teeth (300) of a rotor or stator of an electric machine. The winding aid device (1) comprises a receptacle (2) for a stator or rotor with internal winding teeth (300), a guide (5) which is fastened to the receptacle (2), a plurality of carriages (51) which are mounted on the guide (5) for radial movement, and a plurality of winding hooks (3) held on the carriages (51). The winding hooks (3) are movable with the carriages (51) between a radially inner winding position and a radially outer removal position. Furthermore, a winding machine and a method for winding winding teeth (300) of a rotor or stator of an electric machine are provided.

Description

The invention relates to a winding aid device and a method for winding a component by means of a wire, and to a winding machine.BackgroundWhen winding internally grooved laminated cores (winding teeth), as are used for rotors or stators with concentrated winding, the needle winding technique is frequently used. In this case, the needle carrier travels through the laminated core and, during the movement, displaces the wire in the respective groove. In order to optimize the compactness of components to be wound, such as stators, it may be advantageous to arrange jumper wires in a delta-series connection or a star-series connection opposite from a connection side for U / V / W. This results in fewer wire intersections and generally wire clusters being formed. Needle winding technology is used in the context of the manufacture of internally grooved stators or rotors for the manufacture of concentrated windings.WO 2018 069 298 A1 describes a method for winding the winding teeth of a rotor or stator of an electric machine with the aid of a winding aid device and a needle winding device. In this case, a winding auxiliary device is placed on the end face of the rotor or stator lying in the axial direction and is detachably connected to the rotor or stator. The winding teeth and the winding auxiliary device are then wound with a winding wire using needle winding technology, wherein the winding wire is deflected in the region of the winding auxiliary device, and wherein the winding auxiliary device is removed again after the complete winding of the rotor or stator. The winding assist device includes a plurality of wire guide members, wherein each winding tooth to be wound has a wire guide member associated therewith, and the wire guide member has a winding tooth continuation portion configured to continue the winding tooth in the axial direction. Each wire guide element of this winding aid device is fastened to the rotor or stator by means of at least one pin or bolt before winding, so that the transverse forces occurring during winding do not lead to a displacement of individual wire guide elements in the circumferential direction, which could lead to a disturbance of the winding process. By using a winding assist device, the grooves between the winding teeth remain open and any winding pattern can be implemented without limitation by the winding assist device. However, the fastening of the individual wire guide elements to the winding teeth before winding and the subsequent removal of the wire guide elements involve considerable expenditure of time and manual work.For an accelerated winding process, plastic end caps can be used on the end faces of the winding teeth, which serve for wire laying in the winding head and insulate the coil bodies from the laminated core. This is described, for example, in DE 10 2011 008 662 A1. Such plastic end caps are also wound during the winding of the laminated cores. They therefore remain on the rotor or stator. The attachment of the plastic end caps requires relatively little time and the complicated removal of the plastic end caps can be omitted. However, the use of end disks results in disadvantages due to different wire lengths of different phases, which have a negative effect on the power density of different phases of an electric machine.Distributed winding stators are not usually directly wound with a needle winding technique. Instead, a drawing-in method is used. In the drawing-in method, windings are first produced as so-called field coils on a first machine. Only then are the windings removed from the field coils and, as a whole, axially drawn by a translation movement into a rotor or stator to be wound on another, second machine. The drawing-in method is not suitable for winding stators or rotors with obliquely grooved internal winding teeth. Motors with obliquely grooved stators or rotors have better running properties and less noise generation.SummaryIt is the object of the invention to provide a winding aid device, a method and a winding machine, with which the winding of a component by means of a wire can be accomplished in a more efficient and accelerated manner. In particular, in comparison with the conventional drawing-in method, a reduced tool outlay and a reduced number of working steps are desired. Preferably, a winding aid device, a method and a winding machine are to be provided, which are suitable for processing obliquely grooved stators and / or rotors with inner winding teeth.The object is achieved by means of the winding auxiliary device and the method for winding a component by means of a wire and the winding machine according to the independent claims. Embodiments are the subject of dependent dependent dependent claims.Accordingly, a winding auxiliary device is provided for winding the winding teeth of a rotor or stator of an electric machine. The winding aid device comprises a receptacle for a stator or rotor with internal winding teeth, a guide which is fastened to the receptacle, a plurality of carriages which are mounted on the guide in a radially movable manner, and a plurality of winding hooks held on the carriages. In particular, the receptacle is designed and configured to hold a plurality of winding teeth for an electric machine in a positionally fixed manner with respect to the guide, wherein the plurality of winding teeth can preferably be provided in the form of a solid sheet metal section with internal ones. The receptacle can define a central axis or central axis relative to which the winding teeth can be aligned. The guide can preferably be aligned symmetrically with respect to the central axis. The slides are mounted in the guide movably in a respective radial direction with respect to the central axis. The winding hooks are movable, preferably linearly movable, with the carriages between a radially inner winding position and a radially outer removal position. In particular, the winding hooks with the slides are mounted on the guide such that they can move in the radial direction. According to a preferred embodiment, the guide comprises radial grooves in which the slides are guided. Preferably, the slides are held stationary in the circumferential direction and / or axial direction, preferably by the guide, in particular by a radial groove of the guide. Since the carriages and the winding hooks carried thereby are permanently mounted on the guide, the winding aid device manages without complicated and error-prone use of parts to be released. It can be preferred that each slide is guided in a respective radial groove. The number of slides can correspond to the number of radial grooves. The radial grooves can extend in a spoke-like manner starting from the center axis in a respective radial direction. Preferably, the winding auxiliary device is configured such that the winding hooks are located within a radial region defined by the receptacle in the winding position and outside this radial region in the removal position. It is advantageous if the slides are designed and configured to support a groove insulation paper, in particular towards the outside, in the working position. This can ensure that the outwardly drawn winding does not tear or otherwise damage the groove insulation paper (so-called collar insulation paper) due to its winding tension.In particular, the winding hooks are arranged in the winding position in the radial direction in the region of the receptacle for the winding teeth, wherein the winding teeth are preferably part of a stator or rotor with the inner winding teeth. In the winding position, a wire for winding winding winding teeth or winding teeth can be laid around the winding hooks with the aid of a winding device. The winding hooks are designed and configured to provide a rigid receptacle for the wire to be laid around the winding teeth in the winding position. In the winding position, each tooth can be assigned exactly one, at least one, for example exactly two, or more winding hooks on a right tooth flank. For example, each winding tooth on its right flank can be assigned a winding hook of a first winding auxiliary device. Additionally or alternatively, each winding tooth on its left flank can be assigned a winding hook of a second winding device. It is conceivable that in a winding position of a right or left tooth flank two or more winding hooks are assigned to a respective winding device. It can be preferred that the winding hooks each have a thickness in the circumferential direction which corresponds to a tooth thickness of a winding tooth, preferably identically, which is assigned to the respective winding hook. This can be advantageous in particular for a 1:1 assignment of winding hooks to winding teeth. In particular, the winding hooks in the removal position are arranged offset outwards in the radial direction relative to the winding position. The winding hooks are designed and configured to release the receptacle and / or the winding teeth in the removal position. In the removal position, the winding teeth wound with the wire can be removed unimpeded by the winding hooks from the winding aid device. The winding hooks are movable between the winding position and the removal position in an assembled state fixed to the guide. The winding aid device is designed and configured for a displacement of the winding hooks from the winding position to the removal position in a wound state of the winding teeth, wherein the winding teeth are fastened to the winding aid device by means of the guide during the displacement of the winding hooks. The winding teeth are preferably part of the stator or rotor which is held in the central receptacle of the device, preferably by being fixed by clamping.According to one embodiment, the slides have first drivers, which are accommodated in a first slotted link. The first drivers and the first slotted link are matched to one another in such a way that a rotational movement of the first slotted link exerts a radial, in particular linear, movement on the first drivers, with the result that the slides assume a predetermined radial position as a function of a relative position of the guide with respect to the first slotted link. It can be preferred that the first slotted link extends both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction. In particular, a (radially outer) front end can be arranged offset in the circumferential direction relative to a (radially inner) base end of the, preferably arcuate, first link.In some embodiments of a winding aid device, the winding hooks are movable, in particular pivotable, between the winding position and a release position, preferably mounted on the carriage. Preferably, in the release position, the winding hooks and / or the openings of the winding hooks are oriented radially inward. It can be preferred that the winding hooks are pivotably articulated on their respective slide about a virtual pivot point. A virtual pivot point can be arranged in the region of the winding hook which can be covered or is covered with wire. Preferably, the virtual pivot about which a winding hook is pivotable relative to its slide is arranged in such a way that this winding hook is freely movable between the winding position and the release position in a state wound with wire in relation to this wire collision. By pivoting the winding lever about a virtual pivot point, loading and damage to the wire by the winding hook can be avoided. Preferably, the openings of the winding hooks and / or the winding hooks can be aligned in the axial direction in the winding position. Preferably, the winding hooks in the winding position can define a barrier for the wire in the radial direction inward and / or outward. The guide can preferably be designed and configured in such a way that the winding hooks must pass through the release position for moving from the winding position into the removal position. In some embodiments (in particular those without pivotable winding hooks), the winding hooks can be arranged offset in the axial direction relative to the winding position in the release position. For example, the winding hooks can be moved in the axial direction in order to be moved from the winding position into the release position before they are finally moved in the radial direction in order to reach the removal position. The winding hooks define openings which are preferably oriented in the axial direction in the winding position. In the winding position, the winding hooks extend in the axial direction. In the release position, the winding hooks can extend in the radial direction in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the winding hooks can extend in the axial direction in the release position. In the removal position, it may be preferred for the winding hooks to extend in the radial direction. Alternatively, it is conceivable that in the release position the winding hooks extend in the axial direction. In the release position and the removal position, the openings of the winding hooks can be aligned in the radial direction.In some embodiments, the winding aid device further comprises at least one actuating device which is designed and configured to move the winding hooks between the winding position and the release position. The actuating device can have a first, in particular active, actuating state in which the actuating device causes the winding hook to assume the winding position, and a second, in particular passive, actuating state in which the actuating device causes the winding hook to assume the release position. It may be preferred that the actuating device is supported by the carriage. The actuating device can be implemented, for example, as a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, such as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, which is fixed on one side to the carriage and on the other side to the winding hook. Alternatively or additionally, the actuating device can have a Bowden cable which is fixed on the one hand to the slide and on the other hand to the winding hook. Alternatively, an actuating slide can be connected by an actuating lever to a winding hook assigned to it.According to a preferred embodiment, the actuating device has actuating slides coupled to the winding hooks. The actuating slides are mounted on the guide such that they can be moved, in particular in the radial direction, preferably linearly movable. It is conceivable for the actuating slides to be mounted in the same radial grooves as the slides. For example, the slide assigned to a winding hook and the radial slide assigned to it can be mounted in the same radial groove.In a preferred embodiment of the winding aid device, the actuating slides each have at least one second driver, which is accommodated in a second slotted link.The second drivers and the second slotted link are matched to one another in such a way that a rotational movement of the second slotted link exerts a radial, in particular linear, movement on the second drivers, with the result that the actuating slides assume a predetermined radial position as a function of a relative position of the guide with respect to the second slotted link.It can be preferred that the second link extends both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction. In particular, a (radially outer) front end can be arranged offset in the circumferential direction relative to a (radially inner) base end of the second link, which is preferably at least sectionally arcuate and / or at least sectionally rectilinear. The second link may comprise a radially inner arc portion and a radially outer linear portion.In some embodiments, the guide may include a first link and a second link. The first slot and the second slot may be aligned in the same direction (e.g., both clockwise or both counter-clockwise). Alternatively, the first link can be oriented opposite to the second link in the circumferential direction with respect to the central axis.In embodiments with first and second slotted link, it may be preferred that the first slotted link and the second slotted link are arranged radially offset to one another, in particular in the same plane. Preferably, the second slotted link can be arranged so as to surround the first slotted link in the radial direction.Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the winding hooks are movable between the winding position and a release position by a rotational relative movement of the first slotted link with respect to the second slotted link. During a relative movement of the first link with respect to the second link, the first link and thus the slide with the first driver held in the first link can be held stationary in the radial direction, while the second link rotates about the central axis and thereby displaces the actuating slide between a first and a second position. The actuating slide can be moved in the radial direction, for example, by means of the second link in the guide in order to pivot the winding hook, in particular by means of the actuating lever, between the release position and the winding position.Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the winding hooks are movable between the release position and the removal position by a common movement of the first link and the second link. In the case of a common movement of the first link and the second link, the radial distance between the first and the second driver can be kept substantially constant and / or both the slide and the actuating slide undergo the same radial movement. For a common movement, the first and the second link can be coupled to one another in a rotationally fixed manner.The invention also relates to a winding machine which has at least one winding auxiliary device as described above, preferably exactly two winding auxiliary devices as described above, and at least one winding device, preferably a needle winding device. The needle winding device is movable by the accommodation of the winding aid or winding aids in order to guide a wire around the winding hooks for winding the winding teeth of a rotor or stator of an electric machine. Preferably, the winding auxiliary devices have a common receptacle for the winding teeth. In a winding machine having a first winding auxiliary device and a second winding auxiliary device, it may be preferred that the first winding auxiliary device is arranged on the left flank of the winding teeth and the second winding auxiliary device is arranged on the right flank of the winding teeth. Preferably, the receptacle can be designed and configured to be movable relative to a winding device such that winding teeth fixed in the receptacle are held stationary relative to the guide independently of a, preferably rotational and / or translatory, relative movement of the receptacle with respect to the winding device. The winding device can be linearly movable in the axial direction with respect to the winding auxiliary device and possibly winding teeth held in its receptacle, in particular with a stator or rotor, in order to lay a wire along a winding tooth. Preferably, the winding aid device, optionally with a stator or rotor with winding teeth held in the receptacle, can be linearly movable in the axial direction in order to lay a wire along a winding tooth without a winding needle, a winding nozzle, and / or a wire guide having to enter the intermediate space of the winding teeth. Alternatively, the winding aid device, optionally with a stator or rotor held in the receptacle, can be linearly movable with its winding teeth in the axial direction in order to lay a wire along a winding tooth, wherein the winding needle, winding nozzle, and / or the wire guide dips into the intermediate space of the winding teeth. The winding device can be rotatable about a central axis with respect to the winding aid device and possibly winding teeth held in the receptacle thereof in order to lay a wire around a tooth flank of a winding tooth. Alternatively or additionally, the winding device can be rotatable about a central axis with respect to the winding auxiliary device and possibly winding teeth held in the receptacle thereof in order to lay a wire from a first tooth gap between a first pair of adjacent winding teeth to a second pair of adjacent winding teeth. In particular, the winding device can be movable, in particular rotatable, relative to a central axis in relation to the winding auxiliary device, optionally with a stator or rotor held in its receptacle, in order to adjust the length of the connecting wires of the stator or rotor. Alternatively or additionally, the winding device can be rotatable about a central axis in relation to the winding auxiliary device, optionally with a stator or rotor with internal winding teeth held in its receptacle, in order to generate a predetermined switching scheme or a plurality of, in particular predetermined, switching schemes of the stator or rotor.Optionally, a winding machine comprising two winding aids may further comprise at least one spacer which is designed and configured to define an axial distance between the two winding aids. Preferably, the winding aid device can be adjusted simply and cost-effectively with the aid of different spacers of different lengths corresponding to different axial distances. Such a winding machine can be converted in an advantageous manner in a simple and cost-effective manner for the production of different stator or rotor lengths. It is advantageous that the winding auxiliary device can be arranged selectively in a stationary manner in the winding machine or on a non-stationary workpiece carrier.The invention also relates to a method for winding the winding teeth of a rotor or stator of an electric machine, having the following steps: In the method, a step of providing a receptacle for a stator or rotor having internal winding teeth is provided. The method further includes inserting the stator or rotor with the winding teeth into the receptacle. In particular, a slant-grooved stator or rotor can be used. The method further comprises providing winding hooks. The provided winding hooks are provided in such a way that they are movably mounted on the receptacle by means of a guide. The provision of the winding hooks relates to a first group of winding hooks, arranged in a radially inner winding position and at a first axial end of the receptacle, and to a second group of winding hooks in a radially inner winding position and at a second axial end of the receptacle. In the method, a winding device, in particular a needle winding device, is also provided. In the method according to the invention for winding the winding teeth, a wire is guided, in particular by means of the winding device, preferably the needle winding device, around the first and around the second group of winding teeth in order to wind the winding teeth of a rotor or stator, in particular a rotor or stator which is inclined and which are held in the receptacle. In particular after the wire has been wound several times around the first and the second group of winding teeth, preferably after the stator or rotor has been fully wound with inner winding teeth, the method comprises a step of moving the first and the second group of winding hooks by means of the guide into a radially outer removal position on the receptacle. Then, during the method, in particular at the end of the method, the wound stator or rotor with inner winding teeth is removed from the receptacle.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the winding hooks are moved, in particular pivoted, from the winding position into a release position before they are moved into the removal position.It may be preferred that the method according to the invention is carried out using the winding aid device according to the invention and / or winding machine. The winding aid device according to the invention or the winding machine can be designed and configured to carry out the method according to the invention.The present disclosure describes in particular a method for directly winding the winding teeth of the internally grooved rotor or stator of an electric machine, preferably with a distributed winding. In the method, a winding auxiliary device can be placed on the end face of the internally grooved rotor or stator lying in the axial direction. The winding aid device can be detachably connected to the internally grooved rotor or stator. In the method, the winding teeth and the winding auxiliary device can be wound with a winding wire, preferably with needle winding technology. Preferably, the winding wire is deflected in the region of the winding auxiliary device. It can be particularly preferred that the winding auxiliary device is not removed after the complete winding of the internally grooved rotor or stator, i.e. is not disassembled and / or removed, but is only moved out of the winding. The winding aid device preferably comprises a plurality of wire guide elements (winding hooks). In particular, each winding tooth to be wound is assigned at least one wire guide element.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTSFurther exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to figures. The following are shown here: FIG. 1A shows a winding machine with a winding aid and a needle device in an upper position; FIG. 1B shows the winding machine according to FIG. 2 with the needle device in a central position (grooved travel); FIG. 1C shows the winding machine according to FIG. 2 with the needle device in a lower position; FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a distributed winding; FIG. 3 is a view of winding teeth of a rotor or stator of an electric machine with a distributed winding; FIG. 4A is a side view of a winder; FIG. 4B is a plan view of the winding machine of FIG. 4A; FIG. 5A is a sectional view of a winding machine in a winding position; FIG. 5B is a partial section of the winding machine according to FIG. 5A in the winding position; FIG. 5C is a simplified perspective partial view of the auxiliary winding device of the winding machine according to FIG. 5A in the winding position; FIG. 5D is a partial plan view of the winding machine according to FIG. 5A in the winding position; FIG. 6A is a sectional view of a winding machine in a release position; FIG. 6B is a partial section of the winding machine according to FIG. 6A in the release position; FIG. 6C is a simplified perspective partial view of the auxiliary winding device of the winding machine according to FIG. 6A in the release position; FIG. 6D is a partial plan view of the winding machine according to FIG. 6A in the release position; FIG. 6E is a simplified side view of the auxiliary winding device of the winding machine according to FIG. 6A in the release position; FIG. 6F is a sectional view of the winding machine according to FIG. 6A in the release position; FIG. 7A is a sectional view of a winding machine in a removal position; FIG. 7B is a partial section of the winding machine according to FIG. 7A in the removal position; FIG. 7C is a simplified perspective partial view of the auxiliary winding device of the winding machine according to FIG. 7A in the removal position; FIG. 7D is a partial top view of the winding machine according to FIG. 7A in the removal position; FIG. 8 shows a simplified perspective partial view of the auxiliary winding device in the winding position; FIG. 9 shows a simplified perspective partial view of the winding auxiliary device according to FIG. 8 in the release position; FIG. 10 shows a simplified perspective partial view of the winding auxiliary device according to FIG. 8 in the removal position; FIG. 11 is a top view of a first slotted link and a second slotted link of a winding aid device; and FIG. 12 is a plan view of the guide of a winding aid device according to FIG. 11.In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the same or similar components.A winding aid device according to the invention is generally denoted by the reference sign 1. The winding auxiliary device 1 comprises a receptacle 2 for a stator or rotor with internal winding teeth 300 and a guide 5 fastened to the receptacle 2. the winding auxiliary device 1 further comprises a plurality of slides 51 which are mounted on the guide 5 such that they can be moved in the radial direction R. Preferably, the slides 51 are mounted on the guide 5 so as to be linearly movable in a respective radial direction R.The winding aid device 1 further comprises a plurality of winding hooks 3 held on the carriages 51. According to an embodiment not shown in more detail, the winding hooks 3 can be held rigidly on the carriage. In the embodiments described in detail below, the winding hooks 3 are mounted pivotably on their slides 51. Alternatively, it can be conceivable that the carriages can be pivoted together with their rigid winding hooks or that the carriages with winding hooks fastened thereto are held on the guide 5 so as to be movable not only in the radial direction R, as depicted, but for example for displacement between a winding position and a release position in the axial direction A.FIGS. 1A to 1C show the process of winding the winding teeth 300 of the rotor or stator of an electric machine in a winding machine 100 which has two winding auxiliary devices 1. The first winding aid device 1 is arranged on the right tooth flank 301 of the winding teeth 300 and the second winding aid device 1 is arranged on the left tooth flank 303 of the winding teeth 300. The winding teeth 300 are arranged for winding in a common receptacle 2 of the winding auxiliary devices 1. Each winding aid device 100 has a group of winding hooks 3 arranged in a ring shape. The group of winding hooks 3 of the first winding aid device 1 is oriented open to the right (in the figure: top) in the axial direction A. The second group of winding hooks 3 of the second winding aid device 1 is oriented open to the left (in the figure: bottom) in the axial direction A. The receptacle 2 is substantially hollow cylindrical. The receptacle 2 extends in the axial direction A between the first and the second group of winding hooks 3.For winding the winding teeth 300, a winding device realized as a needle winding device 200 in the embodiment depicted is provided. The needle winding device 200 is moved from the right tooth flank 301 (as shown in FIG. 1A ) to the left tooth flank 303 (as shown in FIG. 1C ) to occupy tooth gaps 302 between adjacent winding teeth 300 with the wire 101. FIG. 1A shows the needle winding device 200 in an upper end position, in which the wire 1 is inserted into a winding hook 3 of a first group of winding hooks on the right tooth flank 301. In this position, for stators or rotors with distributed winding, the so-called winding step is generated on the top side. Alternatively or additionally, a starting and / or an end wire length can be generated in this position (connecting wires of the stator or rotor). FIG. 1B shows the needle winding device in an intermediate position while the wire 101 is being pulled through a tooth gap 302 (grooved travel). FIG. 1C shows the needle winding device in a lower end position, in which the wire 1 is inserted into a winding hook 3 of a second group of winding hooks on the left tooth flank 303. In this position, for stators or rotors with distributed winding, the so-called winding step is generated on the underside.FIG. 3 shows a view of a wound rotor or stator having a multiplicity of winding teeth 300 (here: 24) and tooth gaps 302 arranged between winding teeth 300 adjacent in pairs, in which the wire 101 is accommodated. The wire 101 comprises three sections (more precisely: phases) U, V, W, which are arranged in a distributed winding in the rotor or stator. FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of such a distributed winding as can be produced particularly efficiently with the winding auxiliary devices 1 described here.In order to displace the needle winding device 200 between a tooth gap 302 and another tooth gap, a relative rotation of the needle winding device 200 with respect to the winding aid 1 can be carried out. For example, the winding assist device 1 is held rotationally rigid with respect to the central axis M and the needle winding device 200 is rotated about the central axis M. Preferably, the needle winding device 200 can be rotationally rigid and the winding auxiliary devices 1 can be rotatably movable relative to the central axis M and connected to a winding spindle for actuation.During the winding of the winding teeth 300, the winding hooks 3 are arranged in a winding position in the radial region spanned by the receptacle 2. In FIGS. 1A to 1C, 5A to 5D and 8, the winding hooks 3 are arranged in the winding position. The winding teeth 300 can be fixed in the receptacle 2 in the axial direction A by means of the winding hooks 3 and / or the slides 51.FIGS. 4A and 4B show a side view of the wrapping machine 100 and a top view of the wrapping machine 100, respectively. In FIGS. 4A and 4B, winding device is not depicted for the sake of simplifying the illustration.FIGS. 5A to 5D show different views of the winding machine 100 in the winding position. FIGS. 7A to 7D show the winding machine 100 in a removal position. The winding machines 100 depicted in FIGS. 5A, 6A or 7A are designed without a spacer piece. Optionally, different spacers for different stator or rotors of different width in the axial direction can be provided between the winding auxiliary devices 1 lying opposite one another in the axial direction A.In the removal position, the winding teeth 300 are released from the winding auxiliary devices 1 in the axial direction A, such that the stator or rotor, including the winding teeth 300 wound with the wire 101, can be removed from the receptacle 2 in the axial direction A. In the removal position, the winding hooks 3 are arranged offset outwards in the radial direction R. In the removal position, the winding hooks 3 are located radially outside the radial region spanned by the receptacle 2. In order to displace the winding hooks 3 from the winding position into the removal position, they are displaced outwards in the radial direction R together with the carriages 51 on which they are held.In the preferred embodiment depicted in the figures (for example FIG. 4B ), the guide 5 has radial grooves 53, in each of which a slide 51 is guided. The radial grooves 53 extend radially outwards in a spoke-like manner starting from the central axis M. The radial grooves 53 are straight in the illustrated preferred embodiment. For displacing the hooks 3 between the winding position and the removal position, the hooks 3 are mounted on the slide 51 in the radial grooves 53 so as to be radially movable. Since the hooks 3 are held on the guide 5 so as to be movable between the winding position and the removal position, the winding hooks need not be individually removed, unlike in the past, in order to be able to remove the stator or rotor from the winding machine 100 following winding.The radial region in which the winding takes place corresponds approximately to the winding radius w. In the winding position, the carriage 51 which carries a winding hook 3 can preferably be arranged at a first radial distance r 1 with respect to the central axis M. In the removal position, the carriage 51 is arranged at a second radial distance r 2 with respect to the central axis M, which is greater than the first radial distance r 1.FIGS. 6A to 6F show different views of the winding machine 100 in a release position. In the release position, the winding hook 3 is displaced relative to the wire 101 in such a way that it is displaceable in the radial direction R relative to the wire 101 without collisions. Starting from the release position, the winding hook 3 can be displaced out of the radial region of the receptacle 2 into the removal position. Starting from the release position of the winding aid device 1, the winding hook 3 carried by the carriage 51 can be displaced unimpeded by the wire 101 by displacement of the carriage 51 in the radial groove 53 out of the radial region of the receptacle 2 or into the latter.As can be seen in FIG. 5B, the winding hook 3 can have a stepped profile on the inside, such that the opening 30 narrows in the radial direction and in the axial direction A away from the receptacle 2. The winding hook 3 can be shaped in particular in such a way that the opening tapers in a stepped manner in the axial direction away from the receptacle 2. In this way, a particularly tight winding of the wire 101 can be achieved close to the tooth flanks 301, 302. In the winding position, the maximum outer radius of the opening can be defined corresponding to the base of the tooth gap 302. It is optionally possible to guide the winding hooks in such a way that the hook contour for the insertion of the winding of the last phase is displaced further to the center of the stator or rotor and / or that the slots of the already wound partial coils of phases U and V are covered.If necessary, the winding of an internally grooved winding carrier with further wires into still free grooves and / or winding hooks can be carried out, in particular after the intended winding step, wherein, during the winding with the last wire or wire bundle, the winding hooks can be arranged on the end sides in such a way that the grooves are concealed after the winding with the last wire or wire bundle. In this way, differences in the electrical resistances of individual phases can be reduced, which benefits the performance of the stator or rotor.In the preferred embodiment of a winding machine 100 shown in the figures, the winding hooks 3 are mounted on the carriages 51 in a pivotable manner. The winding hooks 3 are mounted on the carriages 51 in a pivotable manner between the winding position and the release position. In the winding position shown in FIG. 5B, the winding hook 3 is oriented in the axial direction A and the opening 30 of the winding hook 3 is likewise oriented in the axial direction A. In the release position shown in FIG. 6B, the opening 30 is open both in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R. The winding hook 3 is oriented inward in the radial direction in the release position according to FIG. 6B. With respect to the axial direction A, the winding hook 3 is arranged in the release position completely between the wire 101 and the receptacle 2 with the stator or rotor arranged therein with internal winding teeth 300. In the axial direction A, the winding hook 3 is arranged below the wire 3 in the release position in such a way that the winding hook 3 is freely movable in the radial direction relative to the wire 101 arranged adjacent to the winding hook 3 in the axial direction A.For the pivotable mounting of the winding hook 3 on the slide 51, a sliding guide 35 can be provided. In the embodiment shown, the carriage 51 has two arcuate, coaxial guide openings 36 in which guide members 34 rigidly connected to the winding hook 3 are movably arranged. The guide members 34 may be slidably or rollingly disposed in a respective guide opening 36. In the circumferential direction with respect to the central axis M, the guide members 34 can be mounted without play in a respective guide opening 36. By using a guide opening 36 and guide members 34 guided therein for pivotably mounting the winding hooks 3 on the carriage 51, the winding hook 3 is rotatable relative to the carriage 51 about a virtual pivot point in the region of the opening 30 which can be covered with the wire.For displacing a hook 3 between the winding position or release position located on the inside in the radial direction R and the removal position located on the outside in the radial direction R, the hook 3 is held on a slide 51. The carriage 51 is movable in the guide 5. As depicted in the figures, the carriage 5 can have, for example, a T-groove or link guide or a dovetail guide, which is mounted in a radial groove 53 in a linearly movable manner. The radial groove can extend linearly in the radial direction R starting from the center line M. In the axial direction A and in the circumferential direction with respect to the axial direction A, the slide 51 is preferably rigidly held in the guide 5.The carriage 51 is equipped with a first driver 71 which is guided in a first slotted link 7 of the guide 5. The winding hook 3 is connected to an operating lever 33. The actuating lever 33 is connected on the one hand to the winding hook 3 and on the other hand to an actuating slide 31. The actuating slide 31 is equipped with a second driver 81, which is guided in a second slotted link 8 of the guide 5. The actuating slide 31 is guided in a radial groove 53. For pivoting the winding hook 3 into the release position, the actuating lever 33 can be moved radially inward by the actuating lever 31 according to a push-to-open kinematic mechanism.The slotted links 7, 8 are depicted in detail in FIGS. 11 and 12. In FIG. 12, the radial grooves 53 in the guide 5 above the slide blocks 7 and 8 are also shown. The slides 51 and actuating slides 31 assigned to the same winding hook 3 are guided in the same radial groove 53 so as to be linearly movable in the radial direction R in the preferred embodiment, which is illustrated in the figures. The first slotted link 7 is surrounded over its full circumference in the radial direction R by the second slotted link 8. The slide blocks 7, 8 have groove-like guides for the drivers 71 and 81, respectively. The driver guides of the slotted guides 7 are arcuate and extend both in the radial direction R and in the circumferential direction, so that each driver guide has a radially inner foot end and a radially outer head end, which are arranged offset relative to one another both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 11, the driver guide grooves expand in a curved manner in the clockwise direction.FIG. 12 shows the annular slotted guides 7, 8 surrounded by one another and the radial grooves 53 arranged above them in the guide 5. The first, inner link 7 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the central axis M to a slide register 70. The second, outer link 8 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the central axis M to an actuating register 80.When the first slotted link 7 is rotated about the central axis M relative to the radial grooves 32, a radial movement is imposed on the first driver 71, which extends into the first slotted link 7 by the carriage 51 mounted in the radial groove 53. The first driver 71 rigidly fastened to the carriage 51 has the effect that the carriage 51 also assumes a radial position predefined by the first slotted link 7.When the second link 8 is rotated about the central axis M relative to the radial grooves 32, a radial movement is imparted to the second driver 81, which extends into the second link 8 from the actuating slide 31 mounted in the radial groove 53. The second driver 81 rigidly fastened to the actuating slide 31 has the effect that the actuating slide 31 assumes a radial position predetermined by the second link 8.By moving both the first and the second slotted link 7, 8, the carriage 51 and the actuating carriage 31 can be moved together, for example in order to displace the winding hook 3 from the release position into the removal position. The slide members 7, 8 can be displaced jointly in the depicted preferred embodiment by the registers 70, 80 being rotated about the central axis from the position depicted in FIGS. 6C and 6D and FIG. 9 into the position depicted in FIGS. 7C and 7D and FIG. 10. By displacing both the slide 51 and the actuating slide 31 in the radial direction R, the position of the actuating lever 33 remains unchanged and thus also the orientation of the winding hook 3. For the movement from the removal position into the release position, the slide 51 and the actuating slide 51 are moved inward in the radial direction R.In order to change the orientation of the winding hook 3, for example in order to pivot the winding hook 3 from the winding position to the release position, the slide 51 can be held radially stationary while the actuating slide 31 is moved in the radial direction R. By changing the radial position of the actuating slide 31 relative to the radial position of the slide 51, the deflection of the actuating lever 33 changes, so that the actuating lever 33 pivots the winding hook 3. The actuating lever 33 can be displaced by keeping the slide 51 radially stationary, while the actuating slide 31 is urged outward in the radial direction R by the second link 8. When the second link 8 is rotated about the central axis M in the circumferential direction relative to the first link 7, the second driver 81 fastened to the actuating slide 31 is displaced in the radial direction R. A rotation of the second link 8 relative to the first link 7 can take place by rotating the actuating register 80 relative to the slide register 70 about the central axis M. For example, the registers 70, 80 are spread apart further in the winding position according to FIGS. 5D and 8 than in the release position according to FIGS. 6D and 9.On the machine side, in particular stationary on a frame of the winding machine 100 (not shown in detail), a locking element can be provided for actuating one or both actuating registers 70 / 80. A locking element can be displaceable between an active position for actuating an actuating register 70 and / or 80 and a passive position in which the actuating register or registers 70 and / or 80 remains unaffected by the locking element. For example, the locking element can be displaceable in the axial direction A and / or radial direction R between the active and the passive position. In the active position, the locking element can be brought into contact engagement with an actuating register 70 / 80, in particular the winding auxiliary device 1, in order to displace the actuating register 70 / 80 about the central axis relative to the corresponding slotted link 7 / 8. In this way, the winding hooks can be moved into the winding position, the removal position and / or the release position with the aid of a rotational movement of the winding auxiliary device 1.The features disclosed in the above description, the claims and the drawing can be important for the realization of the various embodiments both individually and in any combination.List of reference characters1 Winding aid device 2 Receptacle 3 Winding hook 5 Guide 7 First slotted guide 8 Second slotted guide 30 Opening 31 Actuating slide 33 Actuating lever 34 Guide member 35 Sliding guide 36 Guide opening 51 Slide 53 Radial groove 70 Slide register 71 First driver 80 Actuating register 81 Second driver 100 Winding machine 101 Wire 200 Needle winding device 300 Winding teeth / winding teeth 301 Right tooth flank 302 Tooth gap 303 Left tooth flank r 1 First radial distance r 2 Second radial distance w Winding radius A Axial direction M Central axis R Radial directionReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedWO 20118 069 298 A1

[0003] DE 10 2011 008 662 A1

[0004]

Claims

Winding auxiliary device (1) for winding the winding teeth (300) of a rotor or stator of an electric machine, comprising - a receptacle (2) for a stator or rotor with inner winding teeth (300), - a guide (5) which is fastened to the receptacle (2), - a plurality of slides (51) which are mounted on the guide (5) in a radially movable manner, - a plurality of winding hooks (3) which are held on the slide (51), wherein the winding hooks (3) are movable with the slides (51) between a radially inner winding position and a radially outer removal position.Winding aid device (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the guide (5) comprises radial grooves (53) in which the slides (51) are guided.Winding aid device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the slides (51) have first drivers (71) which are accommodated in a first slotted link (7), wherein the first drivers (71) and the first slotted link (7) are matched to one another in such a way that a rotational movement of the first slotted link (7) exerts a radial movement on the first drivers (71), with the result that the slides (51) assume a predetermined radial position as a function of a relative position of the guide (5) with respect to the first slotted link (7).Winding aid device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the winding hooks (3) are mounted on the carriage (51) such that they can be moved, in particular pivoted, between the winding position and a release position, wherein in particular in the release position the winding hooks (3) and / or openings (30) of the winding hooks (3) are aligned inward in the radial direction.Winding aid device (1) according to Claim 4, further comprising at least one actuating device which is designed and configured to move the winding hooks (3) between the winding position and the release position.Winding aid device (1) according to claim 5, wherein the actuating device has actuating slides (31) which are coupled to the winding hooks (3) and are mounted movably on the guide (5).Winding aid device (1) according to Claim 6, wherein the actuating slides (31) have second drivers (81) which are accommodated in a second slotted link (8), wherein the second drivers (81) and the second slotted link (8) are matched to one another in such a way that a rotational movement of the second slotted link (8) exerts a radial movement on the second drivers (81), with the result that the actuating slides (31) assume a predetermined radial position as a function of a relative position of the guide (5) to the second slotted link (8).Winding aid device (1) according to Claim 7, wherein the first slotted link (7) and the second slotted link (8) are arranged offset radially with respect to one another, in particular in the same plane.Winding aid device (1) according to Claim 7 or 8, wherein the winding hooks (3) are movable between the winding position and a release position by a rotational relative movement of the first link (7) with respect to the second link (8), in which the openings (30) of the winding hooks (3) are aligned inward in the radial direction.Winding aid device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the winding hooks (3) are movable between the release position and the removal position by a common movement of the guide (5), in particular by means of the first slotted link (7), and of the actuating device, in particular by means of the second slotted link (8).Winding machine (100) for winding the winding teeth (300) of a rotor or stator of an electric machine, having at least one winding auxiliary device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims and at least one winding device, preferably a needle winding device (200), which is movable through the receptacle (2) in order to guide a wire (101) around the winding hooks (3) in order to wind the winding teeth (300) of a rotor or stator of an electric machine.Method for winding winding winding teeth (300) of a rotor or stator of an electric machine, having the following steps: - providing a receptacle (2) for a stator or rotor having inner winding teeth (300), - inserting the stator or rotor having the winding teeth (300) into the receptacle (2), - providing winding hooks (3) which are mounted movably on the receptacle (2) by means of a guide (5), wherein a first group of winding hooks (3) is provided at a first axial end of the receptacle (2) in a radially inner winding position, and a second group of winding hooks (3) is provided at a second axial end of the receptacle (2) in a radially inner winding position, - providing a winding device; guiding a wire (101) around the first and the second group of winding hooks (3) in order to wind the winding teeth (300) of the rotor or stator held in the receptacle (2); moving the first and the second group of winding hooks (3) by means of the guide (5) into a radially outer removal position on the receptacle (2); and removing the wound stator or rotor with inner winding teeth (300) from the receptacle (2).Method according to claim 12, wherein the winding hooks (3) are moved from the winding position into a release position before they are moved into the removal position.

Images