Banknote

Abstract

A banknote 100 comprises a physical substrate 101, an electronic circuit 103 which is connected to the substrate 101, wherein the electronic circuit 103 stores a data record 105 and is configured to implement an electronic security feature.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a banknote.

[0002] Conventional banknotes typically feature physical security features such as holograms, which are used, for example, to visually verify a banknote's authenticity. These physical security features are usually created during the banknote production process, which, however, makes it more difficult to personalize banknotes.

[0003] It is therefore an object of the present invention to create an improved banknote.

[0004] This task is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous further development methods are the subject of the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0005] The invention is based on the finding that the above problem can be solved by a banknote with an electronic circuit, which can be implemented as an electronic chip. The electronic circuit implements an electronic security feature that can be unique to each banknote, so that the authenticity of the banknote can be verified electronically.

[0006] This also significantly expands the functionality of the banknote compared to conventional banknotes, which rely solely on physical security features or whose security functionalities are based on physical security features. The addition of an integrated circuit enables new approaches to the authentication, use, and security of the banknote and the value it represents. For example, digital information can be embedded in a banknote, enabling new uses or verification methods.

[0007] The stored data set also makes it possible to digitize the banknote or to process it exclusively electronically or digitally. This enables, for example, digital authentication, tracking, or personalization of the banknote.

[0008] According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a banknote with a physical substrate, an electronic circuit which is connected to the substrate, wherein the electronic circuit stores a data set and is configured to implement an electronic security feature.

[0009] The electronic circuit can be designed as an integrated circuit and may include a processor which may be specifically configured for cryptographic operations.

[0010] The data set can be a cryptographic data set, which is a cryptographic signature. Verification of the banknote's authenticity can therefore be achieved by checking the cryptographic signature embossed on the integrated circuit. Here, the principle of CSCA / Document Signer certificates in the PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) of official identity documents can be applied (CSCA: Country Signing Certificate Authority). Reference is made here to the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), which, for example, operates the National Root Certification Authority for the creation of root certificates with private keys.

[0011] A Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) allows a user to verify the authenticity of the applied cryptographic signature. In one implementation, the integrated circuit queries the digital signature, which is stored there with high security. This signature was generated during the banknote production process using the secret private key of the issuing authority (document signer). Using the corresponding Public Key Infrastructure and a public cryptographic key, the signature's validity can be verified, thus ensuring the authenticity of the integrated circuit and, consequently, the banknote.

[0012] Regardless of the availability or verifiability of physical security features, the authenticity of the banknote can be verified using both automated and manual methods. For example, the electronic circuit can be connected to the banknote via a non-destructively separable connection. Therefore, if the connection between the integrated circuit and the banknote is intact, the banknote can be assumed to be genuine, provided, for instance, that a valid digital signature is stored and verifiable by the electronic circuit.

[0013] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is implemented as a hardware security module or as a secure element to protect the data set, in particular to store the data set securely. For this purpose, the electronic circuit can implement features specified in the guidelines of the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), in particular BSI TR-03165, BSI TR-03181 CSP2, BSI-CC-PP-0104, BSI-CC-PP-0111, and BSI TR-03181 CSP2.

[0014] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is configured to implement a cryptographic security feature as the electronic security feature. The cryptographic security feature can be a cryptographic certificate, a cryptographic signature, or a cryptographic key. The cryptographic security feature is preferably stored in the integrated circuit during the banknote production process. This allows the authenticity of the banknote to be verified using cryptographic methods.

[0015] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is specifically configured to perform a cryptographic operation using the data set, in particular cryptographic authentication, cryptographic authorization, or cryptographic signing. For this purpose, the integrated circuit can be implemented as a cryptographic processor.

[0016] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is configured to grant access to the data set by a banknote reader only after successful cryptographic authentication of the banknote reader to the integrated circuit, in particular by a cryptographic challenge-response procedure. This cryptographically protects access to the data set.

[0017] In one embodiment, the data set is cryptographically encrypted with a first cryptographic data key, in particular a private cryptographic data key, and the data set can be cryptographically decrypted using a second cryptographic data key that is associated with the first cryptographic data key. The data set can be encrypted by a banknote manufacturer with the private cryptographic data key during the provisioning of the electronic circuit, the private cryptographic data key not being stored in the integrated circuit but remaining with the manufacturer. The encrypted data set can, for example, be a digital signature or a digital certificate.The data set can in turn include another private data key, which can be used for cryptographic procedures such as authentication or authorization when decrypting the encrypted data set.

[0018] In one embodiment, the data set comprises cryptographic data, for example, a cryptographic certificate, a cryptographic signature, or a cryptographic key, in particular a private cryptographic key. The cryptographic data can be generated during the banknote production process by manufacturer provisioning and stored in the integrated circuit.

[0019] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is configured to receive initial digital data, for example from a banknote reader, to cryptographically manipulate the initial digital data using the data set, in particular by cryptographically encrypting or cryptographically signing it with a cryptographic key that may be contained in the data set, in order to obtain second digital data, and to output the second digital data. This allows the integrated circuit to be used for cryptographic operations such as authentication or authorization.

[0020] This allows, in particular, the authorization of a transaction via a digital signature through a signature request sent to the integrated circuit in the form of the initial digital data. This authorization is only successful, for example, if the signature is made with the correct cryptographic key, which is located exclusively on the banknote's integrated circuit and can be a secret private cryptographic key.

[0021] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is configured to authorize a cryptographic transaction of a cryptographic token, in particular a digital payment token, by means of the data set, in particular by means of a private cryptographic key contained in the data set.

[0022] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit implements a cryptographic hardware wallet, in particular a cold wallet, for digital tokens, which may, for example, represent a digital currency.

[0023] In one embodiment, the data set includes a cryptographic token, in particular a non-fungible token, that digitally represents the banknote. This allows the banknote to be processed both as a conventional means of payment and as a digital currency. The resulting dual nature of the banknote enables its diverse applications.

[0024] In one embodiment, the integrated circuit with the data set is the carrier of a digital currency, for example a central bank digital currency (CBDC).

[0025] In one embodiment, the data set includes a communication address of an external communication server, wherein the electronic circuit is configured to establish a communication connection to the external communication server via the communication network if such a network is present. The communication connection can be established, for example, via a banknote reader to which the banknote can be fed.

[0026] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is configured to receive a control signal from an external communication server via a communication network and to switch to an operating state according to the received control signal, in particular to deactivate the circuit. This allows the banknote to be invalidated, for example, in case of theft. Deactivation can be achieved, for example, by permanently severing a security thread in the electronic circuit. For this purpose, the electronic circuit can directly connect the electronic thread to a voltage source, such as a charged capacitor in the electronic circuit, and thus melt it.

[0027] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is configured to receive a control signal from an external communication server via a communication network. This control signal can instruct the integrated circuit to perform a cryptographic operation, in particular cryptographic encryption, cryptographic signing, or cryptographic decryption. The integrated circuit is configured to respond to the receipt of the control signal and execute the cryptographic operation. Thus, the integrated circuit can be used as a component of a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).

[0028] In one embodiment, the integrated circuit or data set stores a digital identity identifier, in particular an information number, which represents an identity of the banknote.

[0029] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit implements a wireless communication interface, in particular an NFC communication interface, for communication with the integrated circuit. The NFC communication interface may include an NFC antenna.

[0030] The integrated NFC antenna allows contactless communication between the integrated circuit and an external, NFC-enabled device such as a banknote reader.

[0031] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit is inseparably bonded to the substrate, thus forming a mechanical security feature. The integrated circuit cannot be detached from the substrate without damage, allowing any mechanical tampering with the banknote to be detected.

[0032] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit comprises an optically readable pattern, in particular one readable by UV light, which forms an optical security feature. This allows the authenticity of the banknote or the integrated circuit to be optically verified.

[0033] In one embodiment, the banknote comprises a substrate layer, in particular a cotton layer, which covers the substrate containing the electronic circuit. The substrate layer may have a further security feature, for example a printed one, a face value indication, or a hologram.

[0034] In one embodiment, the substrate is made of plastic, in particular of a polymer.

[0035] In one embodiment, the data set is permanently, and in particular indelibly, stored in the electronic circuit. For this purpose, the electronic circuit can implement a data storage device, in particular a cryptographically secured data storage device.

[0036] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a banknote reader for communication with an electronic circuit of a banknote, wherein the electronic circuit stores a data record and implements an electronic security feature, wherein the banknote reader comprises a communication interface which is configured to establish a communication link to the electronic circuit of the banknote in order to detect the electronic security feature.

[0037] The banknote reader can be a stationary banknote reader or a mobile banknote reader.

[0038] The banknote reader can be set up as a data processing system and may, for example, have a processor and another communication interface for communication via a communication network, such as the Internet.

[0039] In one embodiment, the banknote reader is an ATM (Automated Teller Machine).

[0040] A banknote can be activated or deactivated when dispensed from an ATM. The ATM electronically verifies the banknote's authenticity and identity for this purpose. During a withdrawal or deposit via the ATM, the banknote can be activated or deactivated in a database. This allows cash holdings in ATMs or in the "cash in transit" cycle to be temporarily invalidated. This renders cash holdings in bank vaults, ATMs, or cash-in-transit systems worthless. This can lead to savings in security costs for cash transport, storage, and ATMs. Even conventional banknotes with an integrated circuit can thus be checked at any time to ensure they are legally circulating.

[0041] In one embodiment, the banknote reader is configured to verify the authenticity of the banknote based on the electronic security feature implemented by the integrated circuit. For this purpose, the banknote reader can perform a cryptographic operation, for example, a challenge-response procedure.

[0042] In one embodiment, the communication interface is configured to receive the data set from the integrated circuit of the banknote, wherein the data set comprises cryptographic data, in particular a cryptographic signature or a cryptographically encrypted file or a cryptographic certificate, and wherein the banknote reader is configured to verify the authenticity of the banknote on the basis of the read data set.

[0043] In one embodiment, the banknote reader is configured to control the integrated circuit in order to have the integrated circuit perform a cryptographic operation, in particular a cryptographic encryption or a cryptographic signing or a cryptographic decryption, in order to verify the authenticity of the banknote or to authorize a transaction.

[0044] In one embodiment, the banknote reader is configured to cryptographically authenticate itself to the integrated circuit, in particular to execute a cryptographic authentication procedure such as a cryptographic challenge-response procedure, for example to access the data set.

[0045] In one embodiment, the communication interface is configured to receive or read the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the banknote reader is configured to capture an identity, in particular an information number, of the banknote based on the received data set, and wherein the banknote reader is configured to send a status signal with the captured identity to a remote communication server via a communication network in order to activate or deactivate the banknote on the remote communication server. In this way, the banknote can be invalidated or removed from circulation.

[0046] In one embodiment, the communication interface is configured to receive or read the data set from the banknote's electronic circuit, wherein the banknote reader is configured to determine the identity of the banknote based on the received data set, and wherein the banknote reader is configured to send a control signal to the banknote to deactivate the electronic circuit if the banknote's identity indicates a banknote to be deactivated. In this way, the banknote itself can be deactivated and thereby rendered worthless, for example, in the event of theft.

[0047] In one embodiment, the communication interface is configured to receive or read the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the banknote reader is configured to determine the identity of the banknote based on the read data set, and wherein the banknote reader is configured to send a location indication, which specifies a geographical position of the banknote, and / or a time indication, which specifies the time of the banknote's detection by the banknote reader, together with the detected identity of the banknote, to a remote communication server via a communication network. In this way, banknote holdings within a geographical area can be monitored.

[0048] In one embodiment, the communication interface is configured to receive or read the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the data set comprises a cryptographic token, in particular a non-fungible token, representing the banknote, and wherein the banknote reader is configured to handle the banknote based on the cryptographic token. The banknote can thereby be digitally processed as a digital currency.

[0049] In one embodiment, the communication interface is configured to receive the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the data set includes a communication address of an external communication server, and wherein the banknote reader is configured to establish a communication connection to the communication server via a communication network.

[0050] In one embodiment, the banknote reader is configured to retrieve an information data set from the communication server via the communication network, in particular to display graphical information from the data set on a screen of the banknote reader. This allows further information relating to the banknote to be displayed visually.

[0051] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit of the banknote implements a cryptographic hardware wallet, in particular a cold wallet, with a cryptographic key contained in the data set, wherein the banknote reader is configured to establish a communication link to the electronic circuit in order to authorize a cryptographic transaction of a cryptographic token by the electronic circuit based on the cryptographic key. The electronic circuit can be instructed by the banknote reader to execute a cryptographic operation.

[0052] In one embodiment, the communication interface is an NFC communication interface.

[0053] In one embodiment, a communication interface is provided to activate the electronic circuit by supplying energy.

[0054] In one embodiment, the banknote, in particular the electronic circuit, comprises an optically readable security feature, wherein the banknote reader is configured to optically detect the optical security feature and to verify the authenticity of the banknote or the authenticity of the electronic circuit, based on the detected security feature.

[0055] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for operating the banknote reader according to the second aspect for communication with an electronic circuit of a banknote, wherein the electronic circuit stores a data set and implements an electronic security feature, wherein the banknote reader comprises a communication interface, comprising: establishing a communication connection to the electronic circuit of the banknote in order to detect the electronic security feature.

[0056] In one embodiment, the method includes verifying the authenticity of the banknote based on the electronic security feature implemented by the integrated circuit.

[0057] Further embodiments of the method arise directly from the function of the banknote reader.

[0058] According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a computer program for carrying out the method according to the third aspect when the computer program is executed on the banknote reader according to the first aspect.

[0059] According to a fifth aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a banknote, comprising: providing a banknote which has a substrate and an integrated circuit; and transferring a data set to the electronic circuit in order to configure the electronic circuit as an electronic security feature. The method can be carried out by a banknote manufacturer. This electronically configures or provisions the banknote.

[0060] In one embodiment, the method comprises encrypting a file with a private cryptographic key to obtain an encrypted file representing the data set; and transferring the encrypted file to the integrated circuit without the private cryptographic key, so that only the encrypted file is stored in the electronic circuit. The private cryptographic key can be a manufacturer's cryptographic key, which is not stored in the integrated circuit but remains with the manufacturer. This cryptographically provisions the banknote. The encrypted file can represent a digital signature.

[0061] In one embodiment, the file to be encrypted includes another cryptographic key, which is encrypted with the manufacturer's private cryptographic key. This allows the integrated circuit to be provisioned for cryptographic operations.

[0062] Further examples of implementation are explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a banknote according to one embodiment; Fig. 2. a schematic representation of a banknote according to one embodiment; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a banknote reading device according to one embodiment; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a banknote reader with a communication network according to one embodiment; Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a method for operating a banknote reading device according to one embodiment; and Fig. 6. A schematic representation of a method for producing the banknote according to one embodiment.

[0063] Fig. Figure 1 shows a banknote 100, with a physical substrate 101, an electronic circuit 103 which is connected to the substrate 101, wherein the electronic circuit 103 stores a data record 105 and is configured to implement an electronic security feature 107.

[0064] In one embodiment, the electronic circuit 103 comprises a communication interface 109, in particular an NFC communication interface (NFC: near-field communication interface), which is used for communication between the integrated circuit 103 and a device connected to the integrated circuit. Fig. 3 banknote reading device not shown.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the electronic circuit includes an optical security feature 111, which is, for example, printed on and can be made visible by means of UV light.

[0066] Fig. Figure 2 shows banknote 100 in an embodiment with a substrate layer 113, in particular a cotton layer, which covers the substrate 101 with the electronic circuit 103. The substrate layer may include further features such as optical security features, which may be printed on it.

[0067] In one embodiment, the banknote 100 can be used as an information carrier, as an access element, or as an NFT.

[0068] In one embodiment, the banknote 101 can be issued as a so-called commemorative banknote, for example, to mark national events. This specially created commemorative note still functions as legal tender with a printed book value. The integrated circuit 103 in the banknote 100 allows access to information related to the event, for example, in the digital realm. Starting with simple access to web links, it also allows for specific customization of the document.

[0069] In one embodiment, the integrated circuit 103 on the banknote 100 can make individual information available. This enables, for example, the exclusive provision of content to a user of the banknote 101, or even the use of the banknote as a hardware wallet for a so-called NFT, with which the banknote can have a unique, digital counterpart.

[0070] Fig. Figure 3 shows a banknote reader 200 for communication with an electronic circuit of a banknote, for example the one in Fig. 1 banknote shown in one embodiment. The banknote reader 200 comprises a communication interface 201, for example an NFC communication interface, which is configured to establish a communication link to the electronic circuit 103 of the Fig. to build up the electronic security feature 107 shown in banknote 1.

[0071] The banknote reader 200 can be a cash dispenser.

[0072] Fig. Figure 4 shows the banknote reader 200 in one embodiment. The banknote reader 200 includes a further communication interface 301, which is configured to communicate with a remote communication server 303 via a communication network 305. The communication interface 301 can be an internet-enabled communication interface, for example, a LAN communication interface.

[0073] In one embodiment, communication interface 201 is configured to provide an identity, in particular an information number, from which in Fig. The integrated circuit 103 shown in Figure 1 receives the banknote 100. The banknote reader 200 can then send a status signal with the captured identity to the remote communication server 303 via the communication network 305 in order to activate or deactivate the banknote 100 in the remote communication server 303. The communication server 303 can then deactivate the banknote 100 in a database.

[0074] In one embodiment, communication interface 201 is configured to provide an identity, in particular an information number, from which in Fig. The banknote reader 200 is configured to receive a location data, which indicates a geographical position of the banknote, and / or a time data, which indicates the time of the banknote being detected by the banknote reader, together with the detected identity of the banknote, to be sent to the remote communication server via the communication network 305.

[0075] This allows for the efficient tracking of individual banknotes in circulation. The widespread distribution of banknotes represents a significant logistical challenge for central banks, particularly due to stringent security requirements and the associated enormous costs for transport and distribution infrastructure. Therefore, it is a high priority for central banks to align this banknote distribution as closely as possible with specific regional needs. The use of the integrated circuit 103 within the banknote enables its tracking during transactions, such as at points of sale. This allows central banks to identify specific geographic regions with particular demands for certain denominations or values, thereby enabling them to manage the cash supply effectively and optimize it with regard to the associated costs and effort.

[0076] The unique identification of the integrated circuit 103 allows the banknote 100 to be unambiguously identified even without complex and error-prone optical reading processes. The frequency and, if applicable, the spatial movement of the banknote 100, for example, during exchange at the point of sale, can provide information about which types of banknotes are used more or less frequently in circulation in certain regions. For this purpose, banknote acceptance points can be equipped with banknote readers 200. Upon handover, the banknote 100 can be read by the banknote reader 200, and the identity, time, and location can be transmitted to a background system, such as the communication server 303.

[0077] In one embodiment, the communication interface 201 is configured to receive the data record from the electronic circuit 103 of the banknote 100, wherein the data record includes a communication address of the external communication server 303, and wherein the banknote reader 200 is configured to establish a communication connection to the communication server 303 via the communication network 305 in order, for example, to retrieve information concerning the banknote 100 from the communication server 303.

[0078] In one embodiment, the integrated circuit 103 of the banknote 100 can be identified by the banknote reader 200, for example when the banknote is dispensed by the banknote reader 200, via the communication interface 200, for example an integrated NFC communication interface, using an information number which can be read as a data record from the integrated circuit 103.

[0079] The information number can be transmitted to the external communication server 303, which provides a sample background system and contains information on the status of each individual banknote in circulation. For example, banknote 100 can be activated or deactivated in this way by changing its status in the background system. The communication server can then record whether the banknote has been issued and is in active circulation, or is currently in the custody of a bank or other entity, i.e., withdrawn. This status change allows banks, law enforcement agencies, retailers (e.g., at the point of sale), and, if necessary, private individuals or other third parties to verify for each banknote whether it is currently officially in circulation or has been illegally introduced into circulation, in which case it could be declared worthless.

[0080] Fig. Figure 5 schematically shows a method 400 for operating the banknote reader 200 for communication with the in Fig. The electronic circuit 103 of the banknote 100 is shown in Figure 1. The procedure 400 comprises establishing 401 a communication link to the electronic circuit 103 of the banknote 100 in order to detect the electronic security feature 107.

[0081] In one embodiment, the method 400 comprises verifying 403 the authenticity of the banknote 100 on the basis of the electronic security feature 107 implemented by the integrated circuit 103.

[0082] In one embodiment, the banknote 100 can be used as a digital currency. For this purpose, the integrated circuit 103, which can be implemented as a secure element, can be equipped with a secret, private key during the production of the banknote 100. In the background system, implemented, for example, by the communication server 303, a corresponding public address can be created. Amounts can then be stored on this address. In one embodiment, transactions are authorized via a digital signature by means of a signature request sent to the integrated circuit 103. This authorization is only successful if the signature is made with the correct, secret, private key, which is located exclusively on the integrated circuit 103 of the corresponding banknote.This ensures that only the holder of the physical banknote can authorize 100 transactions, for example, for the respective assigned public address.

[0083] Fig. Figure 6 schematically shows a process 500 for producing the in Fig. 1 depicted banknote 100, which can be carried out during the production of the banknote.

[0084] The procedure includes providing 501 the banknote 100 and transferring 503 the data record 105 to the electronic circuit 103 in order to set up the electronic circuit 103 as an electronic security feature.

[0085] Procedure 500 is preferably carried out by a manufacturer of the banknote 100. This ensures that, for example, a private cryptographic key assigned to the banknote 100, used to perform a cryptographic operation, is not stored in the electronic circuit 103, but remains with the banknote manufacturer. This prevents the banknote 100 from being corrupted.

[0086] Method 500 therefore comprises, in one embodiment, encrypting 505 a file with a private cryptographic key to obtain an encrypted file representing the data set. The file to be encrypted can, for example, be a hash value or another private cryptographic key.

[0087] The procedure further includes transferring the encrypted file 503 to the integrated circuit 103, so that only the encrypted file is stored in the electronic circuit 103.

[0088] In one embodiment, the integrated circuit 103 is implemented as a highly secure secure element. Thus, the banknote 100 can be used to securely store a private cryptographic key for the secure authorization (cryptographic signature) of transactions within the integrated circuit 103. Storing the key in the secure integrated circuit 103 of the banknote 100 enables the physical presence of the banknote 100 to authorize a transaction in a digital currency, such as a cryptocurrency or CBDC.

[0089] During the banknote production process, the integrated circuit 103 is programmed with specific information and thus provisioned. This information can include functions ranging from specifying communication network addresses to generating passkeys that can be used to authenticate the integrated circuit 103, for example, using a challenge-response procedure. This allows specific information to be made available to the banknote holder in a background system, such as the communication server 303. In one embodiment, digital proof of ownership, for example via an NFT, can also be provided. REFERENCE MARK LIST 100 banknote 101 Substrat 103 Electronic circuit 105 record 107 electronic security feature 109 Communication interface 111 optical security feature 113 Substrate layer 200 banknote readers 201 Communication interface 301 Communication interface 303 Communication Server 305 Communication network 400 methods for operating the banknote reader 401 Establishing a communication link 403 Checking the authenticity of the banknote 500 methods for producing a banknote 501 Providing the banknote 503 Transferring a data record 505 Encrypting a file

Claims

[1] Banknote (100), with: a physical substrate (101); an electronic circuit (103) which is connected to the substrate (101), wherein the electronic circuit (103) stores a data set (105) and is configured to implement an electronic security feature (107). [2] Banknote (100) according to claim 1, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is implemented as a hardware security module or as a secure element to secure the data set (105), in particular to securely store the data set (105). [3] Banknote (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is configured to implement a cryptographic security feature as the electronic security feature (107). [4] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is specifically configured for performing a cryptographic operation using the data set (105), in particular cryptographic authentication, cryptographic authorization or cryptographic signing. [5] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is configured to grant access to the data set (105) by a banknote reader only upon successful cryptographic authentication of the banknote reader, in particular by a cryptographic challenge-response procedure. [6] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the data set (105) is cryptographically encrypted with a first cryptographic data key, in particular a private cryptographic data key, and wherein the data set (105) is cryptographically decryptable using a second cryptographic data key which is associated with the first cryptographic data key. [7] Banknote (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the data set (105) comprises a cryptographic certificate, a cryptographic signature or a cryptographic key, in particular a private cryptographic key. [8] Banknote (100) according to claim 7, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is configured to receive first digital data, to cryptographically manipulate the first digital data using the data set (105), in particular to cryptographically encrypt or cryptographically sign it with the cryptographic key in order to obtain second digital data, and to output the second digital data. [9] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is configured to authorise a cryptographic transaction of a cryptographic token, in particular a digital payment token, by means of the data set (105), in particular by means of a private cryptographic key contained in the data set (105). [10] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) implements a cryptographic hardware wallet, in particular a cold wallet, for cryptographic tokens. [11] Banknote (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the data set (105) comprises a cryptographic token, in particular a non-fungible token, which digitally represents the banknote (100). [12] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the data set (105) comprises a communication address of an external communication server, and wherein the electronic circuit (103) is configured to establish a communication connection to the external communication server when a communication network is present. [13] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is configured to receive a control signal from an external communication server via a communication network to control the electronic circuit, and to transition to an operating state according to the received control signal, in particular to perform a deactivation, or to perform a cryptographic operation, in particular a cryptographic encryption or a cryptographic signing or a cryptographic decryption, wherein the integrated circuit (103) is configured to respond to the reception of the control signal to perform the cryptographic operation. [14] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the integrated circuit (103) or the data record (105) stores a digital identity identifier, in particular an information number, which represents an identity of the banknote (100). [15] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) implements a wireless communication interface (109), in particular an NFC communication interface, for communication with the integrated circuit. [16] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) is inseparably connected to the substrate (101) and thereby forms a mechanical security feature. [17] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic circuit (103) has an optically readable pattern, in particular by exposure to UV light, which forms an optical security feature (111). [18] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a substrate layer (113), in particular a cotton layer, which covers the substrate (101) with the electronic circuit (103). [19] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate (101) is made of plastic, in particular of a polymer. [20] Banknote (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the data record (105) is permanently, in particular indelibly, stored in the electronic circuit (103). [21] Banknote reader (200) for communication with an electronic circuit of a banknote, wherein the electronic circuit stores a data set and implements an electronic security feature, wherein the banknote reader (200) comprises a communication interface (201) configured to establish a communication link to the electronic circuit of the banknote in order to capture the electronic security feature. [22] Banknote reader (200) according to claim 21, wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to verify the authenticity of the banknote on the basis of the electronic security feature implemented by the integrated circuit. [23] Banknote reader (200) according to claim 22, wherein the communication interface (201) is configured to receive the data set from the integrated circuit of the banknote, wherein the data set comprises cryptographic data, in particular a cryptographic signature or a cryptographically encrypted file or a cryptographic certificate, and wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to verify the authenticity of the banknote on the basis of the read data set, in particular by means of a cryptographic method. [24] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to control the integrated circuit in order to have the integrated circuit perform a cryptographic operation, in particular a cryptographic encryption or a cryptographic signing or a cryptographic decryption, in order to verify the authenticity of the banknote. [25] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to cryptographically authenticate itself to the integrated circuit, in particular to perform a cryptographic authentication procedure such as a cryptographic challenge-response procedure. [26] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the communication interface (201) is configured to receive the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to capture an identity, in particular an information number, of the banknote on the basis of the received data set, and wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to send a status signal with the captured identity to a remote communication server (303) via a communication network (305) in order to activate or deactivate the banknote in the remote communication server (303). [27] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the communication interface (201) is configured to receive the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the banknote reader is configured to determine an identity of the banknote on the basis of the received data set, and wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to send a control signal to the banknote to deactivate the electronic circuit if the identity of the banknote indicates a banknote to be deactivated. [28] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the communication interface (201) is configured to receive the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to determine an identity of the banknote on the basis of the read data set, and wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to send a location indication, which specifies a geographical position of the banknote, and / or a time indication, which specifies a time of detection of the banknote by the banknote reader, together with the detected identity of the banknote to a remote communication server (303) via a communication network (305). [29] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 28, wherein the communication interface (201) is configured to receive the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the data set comprises a cryptographic token, in particular a non-fungible token, representing the banknote, and wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to handle the banknote on the basis of the cryptographic token. [30] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 29, wherein the communication interface (201) is configured to receive the data set from the electronic circuit of the banknote, wherein the data set includes a communication address of an external communication server (303), and wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to establish a communication connection to the external communication server (303) via a communication network (305). [31] Banknote reader (200) according to claim 30, wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to retrieve an information data set from the communication server (303) via the communication network (305), in particular to display graphical information of the information data set on a screen of the banknote reader. [32] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 31, wherein the electronic circuit of the banknote implements a cryptographic hardware wallet, in particular a cold wallet, with a cryptographic key contained in the data set, wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to establish a communication link to the electronic circuit in order to authorise a cryptographic transaction of a cryptographic token by the electronic circuit on the basis of the cryptographic key. [33] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 32, wherein the communication interface (201) is an NFC communication interface. [34] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 33, wherein the communication interface (201) is configured to activate the electronic circuit. [35] Banknote reader (200) according to one of claims 21 to 34, wherein the banknote, in particular the electronic circuit, has an optically readable security feature, and wherein the banknote reader (200) is configured to optically detect the optical security feature and to verify the authenticity of the banknote, in particular the authenticity of the electronic circuit, on the basis of the detected security feature. [36] Method (400) for operating the banknote reader according to any one of claims 21 to 35 for communication with an electronic circuit of a banknote, wherein the electronic circuit stores a data set and implements an electronic security feature, wherein the banknote reader comprises a communication interface, with: Establish (401) a communication link to the electronic circuit of the banknote to capture the electronic security feature. [37] Method (400) for operating the banknote reading device according to claim 36, comprising: Verifying (403) the authenticity of the banknote based on the electronic security feature implemented by the integrated circuit. [38] Computer program for carrying out the method of claim 36 or 37, when the computer program is executed on the banknote reader according to one of claims 21 to 35. [39] Method (500) for producing a banknote, comprising: Providing (501) the banknote according to any one of claims 1 to 21, which comprises a substrate and an integrated circuit; and Transferring (503) a data set to the electronic circuit to set up the electronic circuit as an electronic security feature; the process is carried out by a banknote manufacturer. [40] Method (500) according to claim 39, comprising: Encrypting (505) a file with a private cryptographic key to obtain an encrypted file representing the data set; and Transfer (503) the encrypted file to the integrated circuit without the private cryptographic key, so that only the encrypted file is stored in the electronic circuit.

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