Nozzle for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials, method for applying a bead of material, and a bead of material

Abstract

Nozzle (1) for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials in a manual or automated joining process, in particular for applying material beads (13) with a predetermined cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, wherein the nozzle (1) has a tubular base body (2), the base body (2) having an axial extension and a radial boundary in the form of a wall (4), and at one end (3) of the tubular base body (2) in the wall (4) a slot-shaped cutout (5) is provided as a nozzle outlet (5) in the radial direction, the slot-shaped cutout (5) comprising boundary flanks (6), which are for applying the material beads (13) with a triangular cross-sectional shape,wherein the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material beads (13) extends from a tapered end as the bead head (16) to a widening end at the bead foot (14), wherein boundary flanks (6) of the nozzle outlet (5) have at least a partially convex funnel-shaped profile (7) which define, describe, influence, or support the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, such that the outer side surfaces (15) of the material beads (13) have at least a partially planar profile with respect to the height of the material beads (13).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a nozzle for applying pasty materials, in particular for applying pasty material beads, a method for applying a material bead and a material bead applied by means of the nozzle, for example not exclusively as an adhesive when bonding components or as a sealant for sealing, for example in or on motor vehicles.

[0002] Nozzles for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials are already known.

[0003] Thus, WO 2014 / 191369 A1 discloses a conical nozzle, wherein at one end of the nozzle there is a contour-forming triangular cutout in a wall for the material outlet, wherein the edges delimiting the triangular cutout are designed as straight legs of the triangle.

[0004] DE 10 2020 119 027 A1 discloses a nozzle, wherein at one end of the nozzle in a wall there is a contour-forming triangular cutout with straight boundary edges as legs of the triangle for the material outlet.

[0005] DE 42 03 505 A1 discloses a nozzle in which a contour-forming triangular cutout with straight boundary edges is provided at one end of the nozzle in a wall for the material outlet.

[0006] EP 1 728 840 A1 also discloses a conical nozzle, wherein a contour-forming triangular cutout for the material outlet is provided in a wall at one end of the nozzle. The edges bordering the triangular cutout are straight.

[0007] WO 02 / 32562 also discloses a nozzle in which a contour-forming triangular cutout with straight boundary edges as legs of the triangle for the material outlet is present at one end in a wall.

[0008] Furthermore, US 2006 / 283978 A1 discloses a nozzle with a widening nozzle opening contour that is convex in cross-section. However, the goal of using the nozzle is to apply a bead of irregular width in height, which does not cause any change in the width of the bead root when the component to be bonded, such as a pane, is positioned. The shape of the bead corresponds exactly to the shape of the nozzle.

[0009] US 2008 / 240842 A1 discloses a nozzle which has a front and a rear discharge opening in the application direction, wherein the discharge openings have the same cross-section on the one hand, but a different size on the other.

[0010] DE 10 2004 043 111 A1 discloses an adjustable nozzle for different opening geometries of the orifice for individual shaping of the bead directly by combining the opening geometries.

[0011] DE 2 220 813 A1 discloses a nozzle for filling a groove with a putty, wherein the nozzle has a convex smoothing surface which, due to its elevation above the already flat surface of the putty bevel, presses it in again, so that the putty bevel is provided with an indentation, which becomes flat again due to subsequent swelling of the putty.

[0012] The problem with these nozzles is that with increasing conveying speed and / or conveyance rate due to hydrodynamic effects, i.e. the effects of moving fluids as liquids of different viscosities, despite the triangular cutout forming the cross-section or contour, the material bead does not have a triangular cross-sectional shape or contour at the desired bead height, but rather a convex contour or a bulge on the side surfaces in cross-section and may also be wider. It has been shown that with increasing height of the material bead, the convex contour or bulge becomes more pronounced. This means that in order to achieve a sufficiently high material bead, the material bead is wider than the material bead actually required. This means that more material is applied, which is neither necessary nor desired for the intended purpose of the material bead.In addition, the increased consumption of materials represents an additional cost factor that should not be underestimated.

[0013] The object of the invention is to provide a nozzle, a method and a material bead with which a material bead with a triangular cross-sectional shape or contour can be applied reliably and in a material-saving manner at an increased conveying speed and / or conveying quantity, and the material bead has a reliable triangular cross-sectional shape, deviating from the nozzle outlet geometry.

[0014] In a first aspect, the invention provides a nozzle for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials in a manual or automated joining process, in particular for applying material beads with a predetermined, for example, triangular, cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied. The nozzle comprises a tubular base body having an axial extension and a radial boundary in the form of a wall. Tubular refers to any cross-section and shape of the base body, which, together with the radial boundary in the form of a wall, forms a fluid-permeable cavity.At one axial end of the tubular base body, there is a slot-shaped cutout in the wall with a tapered end that widens axially towards the end of the tubular base body, or a slot-shaped recess that widens axially towards the end of the tubular base body, serving as a nozzle outlet or as a material outlet in a radial direction corresponding to the nozzle outlet or material outlet. The slot-shaped cutout comprises boundary flanks. For the application of material beads with a triangular cross-sectional shape, the boundary flanks of the nozzle outlet or material outlet have a convex, funnel-shaped profile, at least in sections, which defines or describes or influences or supports the triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied.To apply material beads with a triangular cross-sectional shape, the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material beads extends from a tapered end at the bead head to a widening end at the bead root. The outer side surfaces of the material beads have a flat profile, at least in sections, with respect to the height of the material beads. This allows the material beads to be applied which, advantageously compared to the prior art, do not have a cross-sectional shape following the boundary flanks of a nozzle outlet with the at least partially convex funnel-shaped profile, but rather a deviating triangular cross-sectional shape. The material bead also does not have a bulged or bulbous cross-sectional shape, so that the outer side surfaces are not curved, arched or bulged, at least in sections, with respect to their height. This not only ensures dimensional stability but also results in significant material savings.

[0015] In the following, the widening slit-shaped cutout or the widening slit-shaped recess are to be understood as synonymous, even though only one of the variants is used.

[0016] In a large number of tests with different cross-sections of the slot-shaped cutout as a nozzle outlet, it has been shown that with a convex or parabolic course of the boundary flanks of the slot-shaped cutout, a reliably triangular cross-sectional shape or contour and, in addition, a material-saving application of the pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material can be achieved.

[0017] Accordingly or naturally, the convex funnel-shaped or parabolic shape of the boundary flanks of the widening slot-shaped cutout extends in a circumferential direction and / or axial direction depending on the inclination of the boundary flanks.

[0018] Despite the resulting constriction of the widening slot-shaped cutout, the convex, funnel-shaped or parabolic contour of the boundary flanks, utilizing hydrodynamic effects, achieves a reliably triangular cross-sectional shape or contour as well as the required material bead height. This also allows for material savings of up to 24% compared to conventional profile nozzles with a triangular cutout, with otherwise comparable process parameters.

[0019] The nozzle can be used advantageously for the application of triangular geometries, regardless of viscosity, provided the respective material can be applied with a stable shape. Furthermore, the nozzle can be used independently of parameters such as volume, temperature, and application speed. The nozzle can also be used independently of components.

[0020] The dimensions of the nozzle outlet can be freely selected within the spatial limits of the respective tubular base body, which, together with the radial boundary in the form of a wall, forms a fluid-permeable cavity. Within these limits, the dimensions of the nozzle can be adapted to the dimensions of the required triangular bead or triangular material bead. The shape of the nozzle outlet can be determined independently of the external dimensions and / or an external shape of the tubular base body.

[0021] The nozzle and thus the application of these triangular beads can also be used and implemented in manual operation.

[0022] A second aspect of the invention provides a method for applying a bead of a pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material with a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, wherein the pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material is fed to a nozzle, wherein the nozzle according to the invention is used for applying the material bead with the triangular cross-sectional shape, in which the boundary flanks, which define or describe or influence or support the triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, have a convex, funnel-shaped profile at least in sections. After the material to be applied emerges from the nozzle outlet, the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead is formed.The triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead extends from a tapered end acting as the bead head to a widening end acting as the bead root. On the outer side surfaces of the material bead, a profile is at least partially flat in relation to the height of the material bead. The material bead that can be applied using the method does not have a cross-sectional shape following the boundary flanks of a nozzle outlet with the at least partially convex funnel-shaped profile, but rather a deviating triangular cross-sectional shape. Likewise, the material bead is not bulged or bulbous, so that the outer side surfaces are at least partially not curved or arched or bulged in relation to their height.

[0023] With regard to the triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, the process creates a material bead that differs from the nozzle outlet, which advantageously has a defined triangular shape and is also dimensionally stable and can therefore be applied with considerable material savings.

[0024] A third aspect of the invention relates to the material bead of a pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material that can be applied, with a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, wherein the material bead is applied by means of a nozzle, in which the boundary flanks of a nozzle outlet that define or describe or influence or support the triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied for applying the material bead with the triangular cross-sectional shape have an at least partially convex funnel-shaped course, and the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead extends from a tapered end as a bead head to a widening end as a bead foot, and the side outer surfaces of the material bead have an at least partially flat course with respect to the height of the material bead.Thus, unlike what is known in the prior art, the material bead does not have a cross-sectional shape that follows the boundary flanks of a nozzle outlet with a funnel-shaped, at least partially convex profile, but rather a different triangular cross-sectional shape. However, the material bead also does not have a bulging or bulbous cross-sectional shape, so that the outer side surfaces are not curved or arched in terms of height, at least in some sections.

[0025] Advantageously, with regard to the triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, a material bead is created which deviates from the nozzle outlet, has a defined triangular shape and is also dimensionally stable and thus can be applied or applied in a particularly material-saving manner.

[0026] Advantageous embodiments of the nozzle are shown in the subclaims.

[0027] Advantageously, the boundary flanks have a notch so that the shaping of the material bead root can be adjusted or promoted.

[0028] By tapering the boundary flanks at the tapered end of the slot-shaped cutout, the shape and progression of the tapered end of the material bead can be improved.

[0029] By having the boundary flanks at the tapered end and / or at the wide end of the slot-shaped cutout run parallel in the axial direction of the base body, special shapes of the material bead can be realized and / or the shape and course of the tapered end and / or at the bead base of the material bead can be improved.

[0030] Advantageously, the boundary flanks at the tapered end of the slot-shaped cutout run to a rounded or curved or angled contour that delimits the tapered end of the slot-shaped cutout in the axial direction of the base body, thereby improving the shape and profile of the tapered end of the material bead.

[0031] By providing a further cutout as a second cutout in the slot-shaped cutout as the first slot-shaped cutout or recess in the radially opposite wall, the pressure conditions in the nozzle are improved in favor of a trouble-free and error-free application of the material bead.

[0032] By making the boundary flanks of the respective slot-shaped cutout mirror-symmetrical with respect to an axis running in the axial direction of the base body, the shape and course of the material bead is improved.

[0033] The nozzle according to the invention or the nozzle according to the invention can advantageously be used in the method according to the invention for applying a material bead and / or for the material bead according to the invention in triangular form such that the nozzle outlet and the material bead have a width-to-height ratio of the material bead of 1:1 to 1:5, preferably 1:1 to 1:2.5 or 1:2.5 to 1:3.5 or 1:3.5 to 1:5, more preferably 1:1.5 to 1.2 or 1:2.7 to 1:3.3 or 1:4 to 1:4.5 and / or is applied in the said width-to-height ratios. However, depending on the requirements, width-to-height ratios in the intermediate, not specifically stated ranges are also provided for and included, for example 1:1.1 to 1:1.4, 1:1.21 to 1:1.26, 1:3.4 to 1:3.9 and 1:1.46 to 1:1.49.Depending on the requirements of the material bead and the gap to be bridged or the tolerance to be compensated, all width-to-height ratio variants mentioned or not mentioned offer the respective advantage of being able to reliably apply a material bead in a triangular shape.

[0034] By applying the material bead with a tapered or rounded or curved or angled bead head and / or with a step or a parallel area at the bead root or by having a tapered or rounded or curved or angled bead head and / or a step or a parallel area at the bead root, special shapes of the material bead can be realized and / or the shape and course at the bead head and / or bead root of the material bead can be adapted to an individual shape or material spread.

[0035] Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail below. They show: Fig. 1a a nozzle in front view, Fig. 1b the nozzle according to Fig. 1a with triangular material bead at the nozzle outlet, Fig. 2 a nozzle in bottom view and Fig. 3 to 5 show different versions of a nozzle in different views.

[0036] The Fig. Figure 1a shows a nozzle 1 according to the invention for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials in a manual or automated joining process, in particular for applying material beads (not shown) with a predetermined cross-sectional shape, in particular a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied. The nozzle 1 has a tubular, in this specific example, hollow-cylindrical base body 2 with an axial extension and a radial boundary in the form of a wall 4. At one end 3 of the tubular base body 2, a slot-shaped cutout 5 or a slot-shaped recess 5 widening axially toward the end 3 of the tubular base body 2 is present in the wall 4 as a nozzle outlet 5 or material outlet in the radial direction. The axial end 3 of the base body 2 is not closed. The slot-shaped cutout 5 or the slot-shaped recess 5 comprises boundary flanks 6.The boundary flanks 6, which, by utilizing hydrodynamic effects, define or describe or influence or support a triangular cross-sectional shape for applying the material beads 13 with a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, have a convex funnel-shaped profile 7 as a triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape. Accordingly, the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material beads 13 that can be applied thereby extends from a tapered end as the bead head 16 to a widening end at the bead root 14. The outer side surfaces 15 of the applied material beads 13 have a planar profile, at least in sections, with respect to the height of the material beads 13.The convex, funnel-shaped profile 7 of the boundary flanks 6 extends in the circumferential direction and also in the axial direction due to the tubular base body 2 and the widening of the slot-shaped cutout 5 or the slot-shaped recess 5 in the wall 4. The boundary flanks 6 converge at the tapered end 9 of the slot-shaped cutout 5 or the slot-shaped recess 5 to a concavely curved or arcuate contour 11 that delimits the tapered end 9 of the slot-shaped cutout 5. The boundary flanks 6 of the respective slot-shaped cutout 5 are mirror-symmetrical with respect to an axis running in the axial direction of the base body 2.

[0037] In addition to a hollow cylindrical base body as a tubular base body, other shapes or cross-sections can also be considered, which form a fluid-permeable cavity with the radial limitation in the form of a wall.

[0038] The Fig. 1b shows the nozzle 1 according to the Fig. 1a during the application of a material bead 13 with a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied. Utilizing hydrodynamic effects, the material to be applied quilts along the convex boundary flanks 6 of the slot-shaped cutout 5 and reliably forms the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied. The bead head 16 or bead crest is rounded. The outer side surfaces 15 of the material bead 13 have a flat profile, relative to the height of the material bead 13, up to the bead root 14.

[0039] The Fig. 2 shows the nozzle 1 according to the invention for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials according to the Fig. 1a from below. In the tubular, in this specific example hollow-cylindrical base body 2 with an axial extension and a radial boundary in the form of a wall 4, a slot-shaped cutout 5 is present in the wall 4, widening axially towards the end 3 of the tubular base body 2 as a nozzle outlet 5 or material outlet in the radial direction, wherein the axial end 3 of the base body 2 is not closed. The slot-shaped cutout 5 in the wall 4 comprises mirror-symmetrical boundary flanks 6 with a convex, funnel-shaped profile 7. Accordingly, the convex, funnel-shaped profile 7 of the boundary flanks 6 extends in the tubular base body 2 and, due to the widening of the slot-shaped cutout 5 in the wall 4, in the circumferential direction and also in the axial direction.The boundary flanks 6 run at the tapered end 9 of the slot-shaped cutout 5 to a concavely curved or arcuate contour 11 which delimits the tapered end 9 of the slot-shaped cutout 5.

[0040] The Fig. 3 to 5 each show different embodiments of the nozzle 1 according to the invention in different views for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials in a manual or automated joining process, in particular for applying material beads 13 with a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, each with different slot-shaped cutouts 5 as nozzle outlet 5 or material outlet.

[0041] In the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is complementary and different from the nozzle according to the Fig. 1a to 2, a notch 8 is present at the slot-shaped cutout 5. In the area of ​​the notch 8, the slot-shaped cutout 5 has a parallel profile at the wide end 10. This results in a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead of the material to be applied, the bead base 14 of which has parallel outer contours.

[0042] Furthermore, Fig. 4 in addition to and deviating from the nozzle according to the Fig. 1a to 2 that the convex funnel-shaped course 8 of the boundary flanks 6 tapers to a point at the tapered end 9 of the slot-shaped cutout 5.

[0043] In Fig. 5 is complementary and different from the nozzle according to the Fig.1a to 2 show that in the wall 4 radially opposite the slot-shaped cutout 5, a further cutout 12 is provided as a second cutout 12. Furthermore, the convex, funnel-shaped boundary flanks 6 taper to a point at the tapered end 9 of the slot-shaped cutout 5.

[0044] The nozzle according to the invention for a triangular material bead can be used, for example, for a width-to-height ratio of the material bead of 1:2.7 to 1:3 or 1:3.5.

[0045] The method according to the invention for applying a material bead 13 of a pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material with a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied provides that the pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material is first fed to a nozzle 1. According to the above-described nozzle according to the invention for applying the material bead 13 with the triangular cross-sectional shape, the nozzle 1 has boundary flanks 6 of a nozzle outlet 5 with an at least partially convex funnel-shaped profile 7, which defines or describes or influences or supports the triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied.

[0046] After the material to be applied emerges from the nozzle outlet 5, the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead 13 is formed. The triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead 13 extends from a tapered end as the bead head 16 to a widening end as the bead foot 14, so that on the outer side surfaces 15 of the material bead 13, a planar course is established at least in sections with respect to the height of the material bead 13.

[0047] For example, the material bead 13 is applied with a width-to-height ratio of the material bead 13 of 1:1 to 1:2.5 or 1:2.5 to 1:3.5 or 1:3.5 to 1:5, or from 1:1.5 to 1.2 or 1:2.7 to 1:3.3 or 1:4 to 1:4.5.

[0048] Depending on the requirements, the material bead 13 is applied with a tapered or rounded or curved or angled bead head 16 and / or with a step or a parallel area on the bead root 14.

[0049] The material bead 13 according to the invention of a pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material that can be applied and has a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied is applied by means of a nozzle 1 which, for applying the material beads 13 with the triangular cross-sectional shape, has boundary flanks 6 of a nozzle outlet 5 that define or describe or influence or support the triangular or triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, an at least partially convex funnel-shaped profile 7. The triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead 13 extends from a tapered end as the bead head 16 to a widened end as the bead root 14. The outer side surfaces 15 of the material bead 13 therefore have an at least partially flat profile with respect to the height of the material bead 13.The material bead 13 has a width-to-height ratio of 1:1 to 1:5, preferably 1:1 to 1:2.5 or 1:2.5 to 1:3.5 or 1:3.5 to 1:5, more preferably 1:1.5 to 1:2 or 1:2.7 to 1:3.3 or 1:4 to 1:4.5. Furthermore, it is provided that, depending on requirements or advantageous design, the material bead 13 has a tapered or rounded or curved or angled bead head 16 and / or a shoulder or a parallel region on the bead root 14. Summary of reference symbols 1 nozzle 2 basic bodies 3 axial end of the tubular base body 4 wall 5 slot-shaped cutout, first slot-shaped cutout, nozzle outlet 6 Boundary edge 7 convex funnel-shaped course 8 Notch 9 tapered end of the slit-shaped cutout 10 wide end of the slit-shaped cutout 11 limiting contour at the tapered end of the slit-shaped cutout 12 further section, second section13 - material caterpillar 14 Caterpillar foot 15 Side outer surface 16 Caterpillar head QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2014 / 191369 A1

[0003] DE 10 2020 119 027 A1

[0004] DE 42 03 505 A1

[0005] EP 1 728 840 A1

[0006] WO 02 / 32562

[0007] US 2006 / 283978 A1

[0008] US 2008 / 240842 A1

[0009] DE 10 2004 043 111 A1

[0010] DE 2 220 813 A1

[0011]

Claims

[1] Nozzle (1) for applying pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable materials in a manual or automated joining process, in particular for applying material beads (13) with a predetermined cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, wherein the nozzle (1) has a tubular base body (2), wherein the base body (2) has an axial extension and a radial boundary in the form of a wall (4) and at one end (3) of the tubular base body (2) in the wall (4) there is a slot-shaped cutout (5) widening with a tapered end (9) axially towards the end (3) of the tubular base body (2) as a nozzle outlet (5) in the radial direction, wherein the slot-shaped cutout (5) comprises boundary flanks (6), characterized byin that, for applying the material beads (13) with a triangular cross-sectional shape, the boundary flanks (6) of the nozzle outlet (5) have an at least partially convex funnel-shaped profile (7) which defines or describes or influences or supports the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, wherein the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material beads (13) extends from a tapered end as the bead head (16) to a widening end at the bead foot (14), so that the outer side surfaces (15) of the material beads (13) have an at least partially flat profile with respect to the height of the material beads (13). [2] Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized by that the limiting flanks (6) have a notch (8). [3] Nozzle according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by that the limiting flanks (6) taper to a point at the tapered end (9) of the slot-shaped cutout (5). [4] Nozzle according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by that the boundary flanks (6) at the tapered end (9) and / or at the wide end (10) of the slot-shaped cutout (5) have a parallel course in the axial direction of the base body (2). [5] Nozzle according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by that the boundary flanks (6) at the tapered end (9) of the slot-shaped cutout (5) run towards a rounded or curved or angled contour (11) which delimits the tapered end (9) of the slot-shaped cutout (5) in the axial direction of the base body (2). [6] Nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in the wall (4) radially opposite the slot-shaped cutout (5) as the first slot-shaped cutout (5) there is a further cutout (12) as the second cutout (12). [7] Nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the boundary flanks (6) of the respective slot-shaped cutout (5) are mirror-symmetrical with respect to an axis running in the axial direction of the base body (2). [8] Method for applying a material bead (13) of a pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material with a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, wherein the pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material is fed to a nozzle (1), wherein the nozzle (1) according to claims 1 to 7 is used for applying the material bead (13) with the triangular cross-sectional shape, in which boundary flanks (6) of a nozzle outlet (5) have an at least partially convex funnel-shaped profile (7), which defines or describes or influences or supports the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, and after the material to be applied emerges from the nozzle outlet (5), the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead (13) is formed,wherein the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead (13) extends from a tapered end as a bead head (16) to a widening end as a bead foot (14) and an at least partially flat course is established on the outer side surfaces (15) of the material bead (13) with respect to the height of the material bead (13). [9] Method according to claim 8, characterized by that the material bead (13) is applied with a width-to-height ratio of the material bead (13) of 1:1 to 1:5, preferably 1:1 to 1:2.5 or 1:2.5 to 1:3.5 or 1:3.5 to 1:5, more preferably 1:1.5 to 1.2 or 1:2.7 to 1:3.3 or 1:4 to 1:4.

5. [10] Method according to one of the preceding claims 8 and 9, characterized by that the material bead (13) is applied with a tapered or rounded or curved or angled bead head (16) and / or with a shoulder or a parallel area on the bead foot (14). [11] Material bead (13) of a pasty or viscous, dimensionally stable material which can be applied and has a triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, wherein the material bead (13) is applied by means of a nozzle (1) according to claims 1 to 7, which, for applying the material beads (13) with the triangular cross-sectional shape, has boundary flanks (6) of a nozzle outlet (5) which define or describe or influence or support the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material to be applied, an at least partially convex funnel-shaped profile (7), and the triangular cross-sectional shape of the material bead (13) extends from a tapered end as a bead head (16) to a widening end as a bead foot (14), and the side outer surfaces (15) of the material bead (13) have an at least partially flat profile with respect to the height of the material bead (13). [12] Material bead (13) according to claim 11, characterized by that the material bead (13) has a width-to-height ratio of 1:1 to 1:5, preferably 1:1 to 1:2.5 or 1:2.5 to 1:3.5 or 1:3.5 to 1:5, more preferably 1:1.5 to 1.2 or 1:2.7 to 1:3.3 or 1:4 to 1:4.

5. [13] Material bead (13) according to one of the preceding claims 11 and 12, characterized by that the material bead (13) has a tapered or rounded or curved or angled bead head (16) and / or a shoulder or a parallel area on the bead foot (14).

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