Device with a vibrating component and with a particle damper and particle damper

Abstract

Device (10) with (a) a vibrating component (20) and (b) a particle damper (30) comprising a base body (32) with a cavity (34) which is at least partially filled with particles (52), (c) wherein the particle damper (30) comprises an acoustic black hole element, ASL element, (40), (i) comprising at least one ASL section (42) in which the thickness of the ASL element (40) in a plane of vibration decreases substantially according to a power function or substantially according to an exponential function from an inlet end (44) of the ASL section (42) to a tapered end (46) of the ASL section (42) in a plane of vibration from an inlet end (44) of the ASL section (42) (ii) wherein the ASL section (42) interacts with the particles (52), (iii) wherein at least part of the ASL element (40) forms at least part of the boundary of the cavity (34) of the particle damper (30) and / or extends at least partially into the cavity (34) of the particle damper (30).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device comprising a vibrating component and a particle damper, as well as a particle damper itself. According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing such a device.

[0002] Particle damping is a passive damping mechanism in which a cavity is introduced into a vibrating structure. This cavity is filled with particles. As a result of the impact and friction processes caused by interactions between the particles and with the cavity walls, energy can be dissipated, thus reducing vibration amplitudes.

[0003] Acoustic black holes (ASLs) have been known for some time in the context of effective passive vibration damping technology. ASL structures are typically formed from a beam whose thickness tapers towards one end, creating an ASL section. The propagation velocities of bending waves encountering this ASL section decrease with decreasing beam thickness towards the tapered end, thus reducing reflections at the tapered end. The degree of reduction in reflections at the tapered end depends on the function chosen to describe the ASL section's profile. Common profile functions include linear functions, power functions, exponential functions, Gaussian functions, and combined power-cosine functions.While the propagation speed of the waves within the ASL section decreases towards the tapered end, the amplitude of the waves increases towards the tapered end.

[0004] To dampen these increased amplitudes in the ASL section, an elastic damping element is attached to the tapered surface of the ASL section, as described, for example, in the article "Realisation of acoustic black holes using multi-material additive manufacturing" by B. Austin and J. Cheer in "Frontiers in Physics", in order to dissipate the vibrational energy locally.

[0005] CN 1 15 823 164 A shows a broadband vibration damper with a combination of an ASL element with a rubber damping layer and a particle damper. The rubber damping layer is positioned between the ASL element and the particle damper.

[0006] CN 2 20 134 468 U shows a ship propulsion system with a ring-shaped elastic element. The elastic element has several ASLs in the shape of a circle. Damping particles are attached to each ASL in the recess via a viscous material.

[0007] DE 10 2018 123 089 A1 discloses a component in the form of a connecting rod with a basic structure in which several particle damper systems are arranged. The particle damper systems have a cavity into which a spring element with a weight projects.

[0008] The invention is based on the objective of providing a device with which vibration damping can be improved.

[0009] This problem is solved by a device comprising (a) a vibrating component and (b) a particle damper having a base body with a cavity that is at least partially filled with particles.

[0010] The device can be, in particular, a motor, a gearbox, a turbine, a generator, or a machine tool. The component can be, in particular, a gear, a shaft, a turbine shaft, a rotor, a milling cutter, a tool holder, an indexable insert holder, a turbine blade, or a compressor blade.

[0011] The particles are preferably substantially spherical. Preferably, the particles have an outer dimension of at least 1 µm, preferably at least 2 µm, and particularly at least 5 µm. Preferably, the particles have an outer dimension of at most 100 µm, preferably at most 50 µm, and particularly at most 20 µm.

[0012] Preferably the cavity is filled with particles to at least 50%, more preferably to at least 75%, particularly to at least 90%, and especially completely.

[0013] Preferably, the base body of the particle damper and the ASL element are formed in one piece. Particularly preferably, the component, the base body of the particle damper, and the ASL element are formed in one piece. In particular, the component and the entire particle damper can be formed in one piece. For example, the base body of the particle damper has an ASL element with a beam profile having a cross-section that decreases exponentially at least in certain sections.

[0014] Preferably, the base body of the particle damper and the vibration-sensitive component are formed in one piece. For example, the base body of the particle damper can be additively manufactured together with the component using a powder bed process.

[0015] According to the invention, (c) the particle damper comprises an acoustic black hole element (ASL element), (i) which has at least one acoustic black hole section (ASL section) in which the thickness of the ASL element decreases in a plane of vibration from an inlet end of the ASL section to a tapered end of the ASL section, (ii) wherein the ASL section is in operative contact with the particles. The surprising insight of this embodiment is that the combination of a particle damper with an acoustic black hole results in a mutually reinforcing effect, thus improving the vibration damping. Particularly in rotating applications, for example in a gear, the combination of particle damping with an acoustic black hole is advantageous because the particle dynamics decrease due to centrifugal force, and thus the damping effect of the particle damping diminishes.

[0016] In combination with an acoustic black hole, particle dynamics are of less importance because the vibrations of the ASL element, which interacts with the particles, primarily cause friction between the particles and the ASL element, thus dissipating energy. Furthermore, combining the acoustic black hole with a particle damper eliminates the need for an elastic damping element, which is typically attached to the tapered surface of ASL elements.

[0017] In contrast, this design allows for a longer service life, improved temperature insensitivity, and more broadband damping, i.e., damping over a broader frequency spectrum. This design can also be used in cases where active vibration reduction measures are not possible due to operating conditions.

[0018] The ASL segment interacts with the particles in such a way that the particles are excited by a vibration of the ASL segment. The particles then dissipate at least some of the vibrational energy of the ASL segment.

[0019] The fact that the thickness of the ASL element decreases in a plane of vibration from an entry end of the ASL section to a tapered end of the ASL section means, in particular, that if a wave with a frequency of 4 kHz enters the entry end of the ASL section, the wave reflected at the tapered end of the ASL section upon exiting the ASL section at the entry end has an amplitude reduced by at least 1.1 times, preferably at least 1.25 times, particularly preferably at least 2 times, and especially at least 5 times, for example at least 10 times, compared to the wave entering at the entry end. In this way, the vibration amplitudes in a non-ASL section of the device are reduced accordingly.

[0020] The term "capable of vibration" refers specifically to the ability of the component to perform self-excited, externally excited, or free vibrations. In particular, it is possible that the component possesses at least one degree of freedom.

[0021] According to the invention, the thickness of the ASL element in the plane of vibration decreases from the leading end of the ASL section to the tapered end of the ASL section essentially according to a power function or essentially according to an exponential function. The fact that the thickness of the ASL element in the plane of vibration decreases from the leading end to the tapered end essentially according to one of the aforementioned functions also includes, in particular, the possibility of approximating the course of the respective function, especially in a step-like manner, and / or providing at least a linear sub-section in the ASL section in which the thickness of the ASL element in the plane of vibration remains constant or decreases linearly.

[0022] Preferably, the ASL element has at least one non-ASL section in which the thickness of the ASL element in the plane of vibration is preferably constant. Preferably, the ASL element then consists of the at least one non-ASL section and at least one ASL section. Alternatively, instead of a constant thickness, the thickness of the ASL element can also be variable in the at least one non-ASL section. It is also possible to design the ASL element without a non-ASL section, so that the ASL element consists only of one or more ASL sections.

[0023] Preferably, the device consists of the component and the particle damper, or of the component and several particle dampers. In this case, the device has no further elements besides the component and the particle damper. In this case, the vibration damping is provided solely by the particle damper designed according to the invention. Alternatively, the device can have further elements that, for example, can be vibration-capable and / or vibration-damping.

[0024] According to the invention, at least a part of the at least one ASL element forms at least a part of the boundary of the cavity of the particle damper and / or projects at least partially into the cavity of the particle damper.

[0025] Preferably, at least one ASL section forms part of the cavity boundary and / or projects at least partially, but preferably completely, into the cavity. This achieves a space-saving design and further improves the synergy between the particle damper and the acoustic black hole.

[0026] Preferably, the thickness of the ASL element in the plane of vibration at the tapered end is at most 5 cm, preferably at most 2 mm, more preferably at most 1 mm, more preferably at most 0.5 mm, more preferably at most 0.2 mm, and in particular at most 0.05 mm.

[0027] A further development of the invention is characterized in that (a) at least one ASL section is circular, segment-shaped, ring-shaped, or segment-shaped in a plane transverse to the plane of vibration, and (b) in this plane, the inlet end of this ASL section is arranged radially outside and the tapered end of this ASL section is arranged radially inside. A cross-sectional tapering formed by this ASL section is then, for example, basin-shaped or a basin-shaped structure whose center is excluded by a recess, for example, in the form of a bore. The tapered end can, for example, be located at the center of the basin-shaped ASL section in the plane transverse to the plane of vibration. The inlet end and the tapered end can be circular or segment-shaped in the plane transverse to the plane of vibration.The tapered end can also be point-like in the plane perpendicular to the plane of vibration, especially if it is located at the center of the ASL section.

[0028] Preferably, in at least one ASL section, the thickness of the ASL element decreases in a first plane of vibration and in a second plane of vibration arranged at an angle, particularly perpendicular, to the first plane of vibration, from an inlet end of the ASL section to a tapered end of the ASL section. The angle is preferably at least 30°, more preferably at least 60°, and more preferably at least 75°. In this embodiment, the ASL section can, for example, form a basin-shaped structure or a structure that tapers to a point towards a center point, similar to the tip of a pencil.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, the ASL element comprises at least one tapered ASL section in which the thickness of the ASL element decreases in a plane of vibration from an inlet end of the tapered ASL section to a tapered end of the tapered ASL section along a first direction, and at least one thickening ASL section in which the thickness of the ASL element decreases in the plane of vibration from an inlet end of the thickening ASL section to a tapered end of the thickening ASL section along a second direction opposite to the first direction. Thus, when viewed along the first direction, the thickness of the ASL element in the plane of vibration decreases in the tapered ASL section, while it increases in the thickening ASL section when viewed along the first direction.This design further improves the damping behavior of the particle damper, as vibrations can be damped in the plane of vibration regardless of their direction of propagation. Preferably, the tapered end of a tapered ASL section coincides with the tapered end of a corresponding thickened ASL section. The advantage of this is that a particularly effective and space-saving ASL arrangement can be achieved.

[0030] Preferably, the tapered end of at least one ASL section is arranged at an edge of the ASL element. This has the advantage of making the particle damper particularly easy to manufacture. Preferably, the tapered end is arranged on a transverse side of the ASL element, wherein the transverse side is particularly shorter than a longitudinal side of the ASL element.

[0031] A further development of the invention provides that the component and the particle damper are connected to each other by frictional, positive, and / or material bonding. In particular, in this embodiment, the component and the particle damper are formed as two separate pieces. The connection between the component and the particle damper can be achieved, for example, by an interference fit, by bonding, by welding, or by brazing. It is also possible to attach the particle damper to the component using clamping elements, especially screws. Furthermore, it is possible to attach the particle damper to the component using a tongue-and-groove joint or a dovetail joint. The advantage of this is that a separately designed particle damper can also be subsequently arranged on or in a component without requiring any further design modifications, thus enabling cost-effective and time-efficient vibration damping.This is particularly helpful if tests reveal that the component alone does not have sufficient damping characteristics and / or excessively large vibration amplitudes, especially within the device.

[0032] Preferably, the device has several particle dampers. The particle damper(s) can, for example, be specifically integrated into or arranged on the component in areas of vibration maxima.

[0033] Preferably, the component and the particle silencer are made of different materials and / or are manufactured separately. Alternatively, the component and the particle silencer are made of the same material or materials.

[0034] Preferably, the component has a receiving area with an inner dimension, and the particle damper has a joining area with a corresponding outer dimension. For example, the receiving area can be designed as a bore or pocket. Preferably, the inner dimension is smaller than the outer dimension, so that an interference fit can be formed between the component and the particle damper. Preferably, the receiving area is located in a region of one or more vibration maxima of the component.

[0035] Preferably, the component and / or the particle damper is additively manufactured using a powder bed process. Particularly preferably, the component and the particle damper are manufactured using the same powder bed process. Selective laser melting (SLM), selective laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM) can be used as the powder bed process. The non-laser-melted manufacturing material in the cavity of the particle damper then represents, in particular, the particles of the particle damper. Alternatively or additionally, the cavity of the particle damper can be subsequently filled with particles. Preferably, the base body of the particle damper then has an access opening for filling the cavity with particles.

[0036] Preferably, the component and / or the base body of the particle damper and / or the ASL element are made of a metal, in particular the same metal. Preferably, the component and the particle damper are made of a metal, in particular the same metal.

[0037] According to a second aspect, the invention solves the problem by means of a particle damper with (a) a base body with a cavity that is at least partially filled with particles, and (b) an acoustic black hole element (ASL element), (i) which has at least one ASL section in which the thickness of the ASL element decreases in a plane of vibration from an inlet end of the ASL section to a tapered end of the ASL section.

[0038] Advantageous further developments of the particle damper can be found in particular in the above descriptions of the device according to the invention.

[0039] According to a third aspect, the invention solves the problem by a method for manufacturing a device with a vibrating component and a particle damper, the latter having a base body with a cavity that is at least partially filled with particles, comprising the steps of: (a) providing the component, (b) additively manufacturing the particle damper using a powder bed process, and (c) force-fit, form-fit, and / or material-fit joining of the particle damper to the component. The connection between the component and the particle damper can be achieved, for example, by an interference fit, by gluing, by soldering, by welding, by a tongue-and-groove joint, by a dovetail joint, and / or by a clamping element, in particular a screw. Suitable powder bed processes include, in particular, selective laser melting (SLM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and electron beam melting (EBM).

[0040] Preferably, the provision of the component comprises the additive manufacturing of the component using a powder bed process. Preferably, the component and the particle damper are manufactured using the same powder bed process.

[0041] Preferably, the particle silencer and / or the component are made of at least one metal. Suitable metals include, in particular, aluminum, steel (especially stainless steel or tool steels), titanium, nickel-based superalloys, and copper. Preferably, the particle silencer and the component are made of the same metal or metals.

[0042] Preferably, when connecting the particle damper to the component, a joining area of ​​the particle damper, which has an inner dimension, is inserted into a receiving area of ​​the component, which has an outer dimension corresponding to the inner dimension of the joining area. For example, the receiving area can be designed as a bore with an inner diameter or a pocket with at least one inner dimension. The joining area can be designed, for example, as a cylinder or cylindrical projection, or as a cuboid with outer dimensions corresponding to a pocket of the component. Preferably, the inner dimension is smaller than the outer dimension, so that an interference fit can be formed between the component and the particle damper. Preferably, the receiving area is located in a region of one or more vibration maxima of the component.

[0043] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a section of a device according to the invention in a first embodiment, Fig. 2 a sectional view through the device according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3a a schematic representation of an ASL element with an ASL section, Fig. 3b a cross-sectional view through the ASL element according to Fig. 3a in a plane of vibration, Fig. 4a a schematic representation of an ASL element with a tapered ASL section and a thickening ASL section, Fig. 4b a cross-sectional view through the ASL element according to Fig. 4a in a plane of vibration, Fig. 5 a schematic representation of an ASL element with an ASL section that is circular in a plane perpendicular to the plane of vibration, Fig. 6 a schematic representation of a particle damper according to a first embodiment, Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a particle damper according to a second embodiment, Fig. 8 a schematic representation of a device according to the invention in a second embodiment, Fig. 9 a schematic representation of a particle damper according to a third embodiment, Fig. 10 a schematic representation of a device according to the invention in a third embodiment and Fig. 11 a schematic representation of a device according to the invention in a fourth embodiment.

[0044] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 10 according to the invention in a first embodiment, comprising a vibrating component 20 in the form of a beam and a particle damper 30 with a base body 32, which in the example shown is formed integrally with the component 20. The component 20 can, for example, also be a gear, a shaft, a turbine shaft, a rotor, a milling cutter, a tool holder, an indexable insert holder, a turbine blade, or a compressor blade. The device 10 can, for example, also be a motor, a gearbox, a turbine, a generator, or a machine tool.

[0045] The base body 32 has a cavity 34, which is at least partially filled with particles (not shown). An ASL element 40 with an ASL section 42 and a non-ASL section 43 is arranged in the cavity 34. In the ASL section 42, the thickness of the ASL element 40 decreases in a plane of vibration from an inlet end 44 of the ASL section 42 to a tapered end 46 of the ASL section 42. The ASL section 42 is operatively connected to the particles, so that the particles are excited by a vibration of the ASL section 42. In this way, the particles dissipate at least some of the vibrational energy of the ASL section 42.

[0046] Fig. Figure 2 shows a sectional view through the device 10. Fig. 1 in the plane of vibration. In the example shown, component 20, the base body 32 of the particle damper 30, and the ASL element 40 are formed as a single piece. It is also possible to form the ASL element 40 and the base body of the particle damper separately. In particular, it is conceivable that the ASL element 40 does not project completely, but only partially, for example, only with the ASL section 42, into the cavity 34 and / or forms part of the boundary of the cavity 34. The cavity 34 of the particle damper 30 is at least partially filled with particles 52. In the plane of vibration shown, the thickness of the ASL element 40 decreases in the ASL section 42 from the inlet end 44 to the tapered end 46.

[0047] In the illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the ASL element 40 in the plane of vibration decreases from the inlet end 44 to the tapered end 46 essentially according to an exponential function. However, it is also conceivable to provide an ASL section 42 in which the thickness of the ASL element 40 decreases essentially according to a linear function or essentially according to a power function from the inlet end 44 to the tapered end 46. It is also possible to approximate the course of a power function or an exponential function, in particular to approximate it in a step-like manner, and / or to provide at least a linear sub-section in the ASL section 42 in which the thickness of the ASL element 40 in the plane of vibration remains constant or decreases linearly.

[0048] Fig. Figure 3a shows a schematic representation of an ASL element 40 with a non-ASL section 43 and an ASL section 42 with an inlet end 44 and a tapered end 46. The tapered end 46 of the ASL section 42 is located at an edge of the ASL element 40.

[0049] Fig. Figure 3b shows a cross-sectional view through the ASL element 40 according to Fig. 3a in a plane of vibration. The thickness of the ASL element 40 in the plane of vibration is constant in non-ASL section 43 (h). ein In the ASL section 42, the thickness of the ASL element in the plane of vibration decreases from the inlet end 44 to the tapered end 46, with the thickness of the ASL element 40 in the plane of vibration at the inlet end 44 being denoted as h ein and at the tapered end 46 as h verj is characterized. The thickness in the ASL section can, for example, follow the shape of the following function: h(x)=αxn+hverj, α=hein−hverjlASL, where lASL the length of the ASL section 42, h ein the thickness of the ASL element 40 in the plane of vibration at the inlet end 44, h verj The thickness of the ASL element 40 in the plane of vibration at the tapered end 46 is given by and n is the exponent of the power function. Similarly, it is also possible that the thickness of the ASL element in the ASL section 42 essentially follows the shape of an exponential or a linear function.

[0050] Fig. Figure 4a shows a schematic representation of an ASL element 40 with two ASL sections 42. The left ASL section 42 is a tapered ASL section 48, while the right ASL section 42 is a thickening ASL section 50.

[0051] Fig. Figure 4b shows a cross-sectional view through the ASL element 40 according to Fig. 4a in a plane of vibration. In the tapered ASL section 48, the thickness of the ASL element 40 decreases in the depicted plane of vibration from the inlet end 44 of the tapered ASL section 48 to the tapered end 46 of the tapered ASL section along a first direction R1. In the thickening ASL section 50, the thickness of the ASL element decreases in the depicted plane of vibration from the inlet end of the thickening ASL section 50 to the tapered end 46 of the thickening ASL section along a second direction R2, which is opposite to the first direction R1.

[0052] When considering the ASL sections 48 and 50, the thickness of the ASL element 40 in the plane of vibration is consequently reduced in the tapered ASL section 48 and increased again in the thickening ASL section 50. In the illustrated embodiment, the tapered end 46 of the tapered ASL section 48 coincides with the tapered end 46 of the thickening ASL section 50. The thickening ASL section 50 therefore connects directly to the tapered ASL section 48. To the right of the thickening ASL section 50 and to the left of the tapered ASL section 48, the thickness of the ASL element 40 remains constant in the non-ASL sections 43 shown in the illustrated example.

[0053] Fig. Figure 5 shows an ASL element 40 with an ASL section 42 that is circular in a plane transverse to the plane of vibration, viewed from a top view in the example shown. The inlet end 44 of the ASL section 42 is located radially outside, while the tapered end 46 of the ASL section 42 is located radially inside. In this way, the ASL section 42 forms a basin-shaped structure. It is also possible to design the ASL section 42 as a circular segment, annular segment, or segmented ring in a plane transverse to the plane of vibration. For example, the ASL section 42 can form a basin-shaped structure with a central recess, for example, in the form of a bore. In the example shown, the thickness of the ASL element 40 in the non-ASL section 43, which here represents the remaining part of the ASL element 40 beyond the ASL section 42, remains constant.

[0054] Fig. Figure 6 shows a particle damper 30 according to a first embodiment. The particle damper 30 has a base body 32 with a cavity 34, which is at least partially filled with particles (not shown). The particle damper 30 has an ASL element 40, which has an ASL section 42 and a non-ASL section 43. The ASL element 40 is arranged in the cavity 34. The particle damper 30 has a joining area 36 in the form of a cylinder, which has an outer dimension. In the example shown, the outer dimension is the outer diameter of the cylinder formed by the ASL element. The outer dimension corresponds to an inner dimension of a receiving area of ​​the component 20, so that the joining area 36 of the particle damper 30 can be inserted into the receiving area of ​​the component 20.The receiving area of ​​component 20 can, for example, be designed as a bore or as a pocket that has the internal dimension, for example the inner diameter of the bore.

[0055] Fig. Figure 7 shows a particle damper 30 according to a second embodiment. The particle damper 30 has a base body 32 with a cavity 34, which is at least partially filled with particles (not shown). An ASL element is arranged in the cavity 34, comprising a tapered ASL section 48 and a thickening ASL section 50, which are arranged centrally, and two non-ASL sections 43, which are arranged externally. The particle damper 30 is cuboid in shape and has a joining area 36 in the form of the side walls. The joining area can be inserted into a receiving area of ​​the component 20, which is designed correspondingly to the joining area.

[0056] Fig. Figure 8 shows a device 10 according to a second embodiment of the invention. The device 10 has a vibrating component 20 in the form of a beam projecting from a wall. The component 20 has two receiving areas 22 in the form of pockets, into each of which a particle damper 30 with a joining area 36 is inserted. The receiving areas 22 each have an inner dimension that corresponds to an outer dimension of the joining area 36 of the associated particle damper 30. The inner dimension can be smaller than the outer dimension, so that an interference fit is formed between the joining area 36 of the particle damper and the receiving area 22 of the component 20. The receiving areas 22 can, for example, be arranged in the region of vibration maxima of the component 20 to enable local vibration damping.

[0057] Fig. Figure 9 shows a particle damper 30 according to a third embodiment. In the example shown, the particle damper 30 is cuboid in shape and has a base body 32 with a cavity 34 which is at least partially filled with particles.

[0058] Fig. Figure 10 shows a device 10 according to a third embodiment of the invention. The device 10 comprises a vibrating component 20 in the form of a beam, which in the example shown projects from a wall. The particle damper 30 is attached to the component 20 according to Fig. 9 arranged. For example, the particle damper 30 can be welded, glued or soldered to the component 20.

[0059] Fig.Figure 11 shows a device 10 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. The device 10 has a vibrating component 20 in the form of a beam projecting from a wall. Near the end of the component 20 that is inclined away from the wall, the component 20 has a particle damper 30. The particle damper 30 has a base body 32 with a cavity 34 that is at least partially filled with particles. In the example shown, the base body 32 and the component 20 are formed in one piece. The base body 32 of the particle damper and the component 20, in particular the entire device 10, are additively manufactured, for example, using a powder bed process. For example, the particle damper 30 and the component 20 are manufactured from a metal using selective laser melting (SLM). Reference symbol list 10 Device 20 components 22 Recording area 30 particulate dampers 32 basic shapes 34 Cavity 36 Joining area 40 ASL element 42 ASL section 43 Non-ASL section 44 End of inlet 46 rejuvenated end 48 rejuvenating ASL section 50 thickening ASL section 52 particles

Claims

Device (10) comprising (a) a vibrating component (20) and (b) a particle damper (30) comprising a base body (32) with a cavity (34) which is at least partially filled with particles (52), (c) wherein the particle damper (30) comprises an acoustic black hole element, ASL element, (40), (i) comprising at least one ASL section (42) in which the thickness of the ASL element (40) decreases in a plane of vibration from an inlet end (44) of the ASL section (42) to a tapered end (46) of the ASL section (42) substantially according to a power function or substantially according to an exponential function, (ii) wherein the ASL section (42) is in operative contact with the particles (52), (iii) wherein at least a part of the ASL element (40) forms the boundary of the cavity (34) of the particle damper (30) and / or protrudes at least partially into the cavity (34) of the particle damper (30). Device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) at least one ASL section (42) is circular, circular segment-shaped, ring-shaped or ring-segment-shaped in a plane transverse to the plane of vibration and (b) that in this plane the inlet end (44) of this ASL section (42) is arranged radially outside and the tapered end (46) of this ASL section (42) is arranged radially inside. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by (a) at least one tapered ASL section (48) in which the thickness of the ASL element (40) decreases in a plane of vibration from an inlet end (44) of the tapered ASL section (48) to a tapered end (46) of the tapered ASL section (48) along a first direction, and (b) at least one thickening ASL section (50) in which the thickness of the ASL element (40) decreases in the plane of vibration from an inlet end (44) of the thickening ASL section (50) to a tapered end (46) of the thickening ASL section (50) along a second direction opposite to the first direction. Device (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the tapered end (46) of a tapered ASL section (48) coincides with the tapered end (46) of an associated thickening ASL section (50). Particle damper (30) comprising (a) a base body (32) with a cavity (34) which is at least partially filled with particles (52), and (b) an acoustic black hole element, ASL element, (40)(i) which has at least one ASL section (42) in which the thickness of the ASL element (40) decreases in a plane of vibration from an inlet end (44) of the ASL section (42) to a tapered end (46) of the ASL section (42) substantially according to a power function or substantially according to an exponential function,(ii) wherein the ASL section (42) is in operative contact with the particles (52),(iii) wherein at least a part of the ASL element (40) forms at least a part of the boundary of the cavity (34) of the particle damper (30) and / or is at least partially embedded in the cavity (34) of the particle damper (30) protrudes into it.

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