Brick with crown-shaped cavity

Abstract

A brick (1, 18, 23) comprises two opposing joining surfaces (3) for lateral connection with another brick (1, 18, 23), and two opposing brick outer walls (2). The joining surfaces (3) and brick outer walls (2) define a brick interior (4). The brick further comprises a crown-shaped cavity (5) located within the brick interior (4).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a brick and a method for manufacturing a brick.

[0002] Bricks are known from the prior art. They are used to construct masonry, especially for buildings. The bricks are usually stacked on top of each other and joined together with mortar.

[0003] Masonry units can be solid or have cavities. It is known from EP2014843A2 and EP2236685B1 to produce masonry units with cavities, in which inserts of insulating material are placed to increase the thermal insulation of the masonry unit. These inserts are usually prefabricated from a material that is at least partially elastic, such as polyurethane foam or mineral wool, and are inserted into a cavity using frictional engagement.

[0004] Furthermore, pourable materials can be filled into the cavities and subsequently hardened, depending on the type of material. Mineral foams, in particular, offer good insulation values, and such materials are shown, for example, in EP0146529A2, DE202011107411U1, EP3156383B1, and DE102015013396A1. Due to ever-increasing demands on the thermal insulation of masonry, it is necessary to develop easily manufactured masonry units with high thermal insulation values. However, other properties of the masonry unit are also crucial for its use as a building material, such as sound insulation, stability, and load-bearing capacity. In addition, the manufacturing effort plays a decisive role.

[0005] Based on the known state of the art, the technical problem to be solved is to provide a masonry block that is easy to manufacture, has high load-bearing capacity and improved sound and heat insulation properties.

[0006] A first aspect of the invention relates to a brick comprising two opposing joining surfaces for lateral connection with another brick, and two opposing outer walls of the brick, wherein the joining surfaces and outer walls of the brick define an interior of the brick. The brick further comprises a crown-shaped cavity arranged within the interior of the brick.

[0007] The crown-shaped cavity can exhibit a crown-shaped cross-section, particularly when viewed from below. The air contained within the crown-shaped cavity reduces the heat flow through the brick and thus the masonry.

[0008] This improves thermal insulation. Furthermore, the crown-shaped cavity reduces the mass of the brick. This has a positive effect on the transport and handling of the brick during construction.

[0009] The masonry block can comprise lightweight concrete, particularly porous concrete. The masonry block can also include recyclable materials. For example, it can contain cement, water, and mineral materials such as pumice (especially natural pumice), expanded clay, expanded shale, and / or expanded glass. This allows for the production of a sustainable and environmentally friendly masonry block. Specifically, it can contain a maximum of 10 percent expanded clay, preferably between 2 and 10 percent, and preferably between 4 and 8 percent. The masonry block can meet the requirements of DIN EN 13055-1. The cement can meet the requirements of DIN EN 197-1.

[0010] Preferably, the brick comprises several, more preferably two, three or four, crown-shaped cavities. The more crown-shaped cavities are provided, the more the mass of the brick can be reduced and the thermal insulation further improved.

[0011] Viewed from below, a joint edge of the joint surface of the brick can extend in a y-direction. An outer edge of the brick's outer wall can extend in the x-direction. The two joint surfaces (or edges) and the two brick outer walls (or edges) can each be arranged at a right angle to each other, particularly nearly so, to form a rectangular brick. Raised and recessed areas on the joint surfaces can be provided to align the bricks. This allows the brick to be easily and precisely fitted to other bricks for constructing the masonry. The lateral connection of two bricks can be achieved simply by placing them side by side or additionally by means of mortar, particularly thin-bed mortar, or other bonding materials. The connection can be detachable. The thin-bed mortar preferably meets the requirements of DIN EN 998-2.

[0012] The joining surfaces or edges and the outer walls or edges of the stone can be of the same or different lengths. The length of the joining edge can be between 200 and 500 millimeters, particularly between 360 and 490 millimeters or 250 and 370 millimeters. The length of the outer edge of the stone, i.e., in the longitudinal direction of the stone, can be between 100 and 300 millimeters, particularly between 150 and 250 millimeters. The length of the outer edge of the stone can be between 20 and 60 percent, preferably between 30 and 50 percent, shorter than the length of the joining edge. The joining edges and the outer edges of the stone can define a top and a bottom surface of the brick. The brick can have a height, particularly from the top to the bottom surface, of between 200 and 300 millimeters, preferably between 220 and 280 millimeters, and more preferably between 240 and 260 millimeters.

[0013] The brick can have a compressive strength between 1.5 and 8 Newtons per square millimeter (N / mm²). 2 ), especially between 2 and 8 N / mm 2 , between 4.5 and 8 N / mm 2 , or between 7 and 8 N / mm 2 , preferably between 2 and 4 N / mm 2 , preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 N / mm 2 , have.

[0014] The brick can have a bulk density between 350 and 80 kilograms per cubic meter (kg / m³). 3 ), preferably between 400 and 650 kg / m² 3 , have.

[0015] The brick, especially without an insulating material body as described below, can have a thermal conductivity between 0.1 and 0.5 watts per meter and Kelvin (W / (m K)), preferably between 0.12 and 0.3 W / (m K), preferably between 0.14 and 0.2 W / (m K).

[0016] Preferably, at least one further cavity, particularly a honeycomb-shaped one, is arranged inside the brick. This allows the brick's mass to be further reduced. Furthermore, the heat flow through the brick can be reduced, thus further improving thermal insulation. The additional cavity can have several, particularly between four and eight, cavity walls.

[0017] Preferably, the additional cavity is bounded by five or six cavity walls. The honeycomb-shaped cavity can be bounded by six cavity walls. This shape is particularly well suited to reducing natural vibrations in the honeycomb block and thus improving the strength and stiffness of the masonry unit. In the underside view, the additional cavity can therefore have a polygonal, preferably pentagonal or hexagonal, cross-section. The additional cavity can have the same or different edge lengths. If several additional cavities are present, they can have the same or different dimensions. In particular, identical dimensions can simplify the production of the masonry unit. Different dimensions allow for flexible adaptation of the additional cavities to the requirements of the masonry unit and optimal utilization of the available space inside the masonry unit.

[0018] Preferably, the crown-shaped cavity is essentially trapezoidal, particularly rectangular, and is bounded by crown-prong cavity walls. Two adjacent crown-prong cavity walls form a projection extending into the crown-shaped cavity and towards one of the outer walls of the brick. Such a geometry of the crown-shaped cavity can be particularly advantageous for the sound insulation of the brick, since the complex crown-shaped geometry, especially the projection, can dampen sound waves of different frequencies. Ideally, sound waves reflected from the crown-prong cavity walls can superimpose on other sound waves acting on the brick and generate negative interference, thereby further improving the sound insulation.Depending on the design of the crown-shaped cavity, especially the projection, sound waves of certain frequencies, e.g. those perceived as disturbing by humans, can be specifically influenced, in particular weakened.

[0019] The crown-shaped cavity and / or the additional cavity and / or an elongated cavity described below can extend completely through the brick, particularly along its height. Optionally, the crown-shaped cavity and / or the additional cavity and / or the elongated cavity can extend only a portion of the brick's height. Starting from the underside of the brick, the crown-shaped cavity and / or the additional cavity and / or the elongated cavity can extend into the brick, from the underside towards the top, between 40 and 98 percent, preferably between 50 and 90 percent, and preferably between 60 and 80 percent, of the brick's height.

[0020] The crown-shaped cavity can have several, preferably two, preferably three, preferably four, projections. The projections can be identical or different in design. For example, the projections can extend the same or different distances into the crown-shaped cavity. This allows for flexible adjustment of the sound insulation.

[0021] The crown-shaped cavity is particularly bounded by an odd number of corners, preferably 7 or 9 corners.

[0022] The crown-shaped cavity walls can be of equal or different lengths. The crown-shaped cavity can have at least five, preferably at least seven, preferably at least nine, crown-shaped cavity walls. A first crown-shaped cavity wall can be parallel to the outer wall of the stone. Two second crown-shaped cavity walls can adjoin the ends of the first crown-shaped cavity wall.

[0023] The angle between the first crown-prong cavity wall and the second crown-prong cavity wall, or, viewed from below, between a first crown-prong cavity edge and the second crown-prong cavity edges, can be between 120 and 70 degrees, particularly between 100 and 80 degrees, especially where the angle is measured in the region of the crown-shaped cavity. In particular, the first crown-prong cavity wall and the second crown-prong cavity wall can be perpendicular to each other.

[0024] At least two third crown-tooth cavity walls can be connected to the ends of the second crown-tooth cavity walls at an acute angle, in particular less than 80 degrees, preferably less than 70 degrees, and more preferably less than 60 degrees. If two third crown-tooth cavity walls are provided, they can form a projection. Optionally, several third crown-tooth cavity walls can be provided to form several projections. In particular, four, six, or eight third crown-tooth cavity walls can be provided, especially to form two, preferably three, or preferably four projections.

[0025] The third crown-tooth cavity walls can run diagonally relative to the first crown-tooth cavity wall and / or the second crown-tooth cavity walls, particularly in the direction of the first crown-tooth cavity wall or the outer stone wall. The third crown-tooth cavity walls, or, in the underside view, the third crown-tooth cavity edges, can run in a zigzag pattern.

[0026] The third crown tooth cavity walls or edges adjacent to each other in the area of ​​a projection can be arranged at an obtuse angle to each other between 260 and 190 degrees, in particular 250 to 210 degrees, preferably 250 to 260 degrees.

[0027] The third crown-tooth cavity walls or edges adjacent to each other between two projections can be arranged at an obtuse angle to each other between 100 and 170 degrees, in particular 105 to 150 degrees, preferably 110 to 130 degrees. Thus, the projection can be flexibly designed and adapted to the acoustic requirements.

[0028] The distance in the y-direction between the first crown-tooth cavity edge and the third crown-tooth cavity edges can therefore vary. Between a tip of the projection, i.e., an area where the third crown-tooth cavity edges extend furthest into the crown-shaped cavity, and the first crown-tooth cavity wall, the distance can be minimal.

[0029] The minimum distance can be between 20 and 70 millimeters, in particular between 30 and 60 millimeters, and in particular between 40 and 50 millimeters. A maximum distance between the first crown tooth cavity edge and one of the third crown tooth cavity edges can be between 50 and 150 millimeters, in particular between 70 and 120 millimeters, and in particular between 90 and 100 millimeters. The minimum distance can be between 20 and 80 percent, in particular between 30 and 70 percent, and in particular between 40 and 60 percent, smaller than a maximum distance.

[0030] The projection can reduce the volume of the crown-shaped cavity, especially the further the projection extends into the crown-shaped cavity. This can further reduce the mass of the brick.

[0031] The crown-shaped cavity can be located off-center in the honeycomb stone.

[0032] Preferably, the additional cavity is positioned centrally between the outer walls of the stone. This increases the load-bearing capacity of the brick. Furthermore, the available space inside the brick can be used particularly efficiently.

[0033] Preferably, the additional cavity is bounded by several cavity walls, with two adjacent cavity walls forming a cantilever extending away from the additional cavity and towards the crown-shaped cavity. This allows the volume of the additional cavity to be increased, particularly depending on the available space inside the brick, and the mass of the brick to be reduced.

[0034] Preferably, the cantilever is parallel to the projection. This allows for webs of uniform thickness to be formed between the wider cavity and the crown-shaped cavity. These webs can extend obliquely to the x and y directions, following the contours of the projection and the cantilever. Such webs can increase the load-bearing capacity of the masonry unit. Furthermore, this can have a positive impact on the manufacturing process. By avoiding varying material thicknesses, the production of the masonry unit, especially when manufactured by casting, can be simplified. Uniform drying of the cast masonry unit can be ensured, which is essential for its stability.

[0035] Preferably, the crown-shaped cavity is positioned between the larger cavity and one of the outer walls of the brick. This allows for optimal use of space within the brick. As described above, this also improves the load-bearing capacity of the brick.

[0036] Preferably, several, more preferably two, three or four, additional cavities are arranged between two crown-shaped cavities. The more additional cavities are provided, the more the mass of the brick can be reduced and the thermal insulation further improved.

[0037] Preferably, a web is formed between the crown-shaped cavity, the further cavity, the joining surfaces, and / or the outer walls of the brick, in particular wherein the web has a width of at least 25 millimeters, preferably 30 millimeters, and / or at most 40 millimeters, preferably at most 35 millimeters. These webs can increase the load-bearing capacity of the brick. The webs can be of the same or different widths. The width of the webs can depend on the size of the brick and / or the size of the crown-shaped cavity and / or the further cavity. The width of the webs can be flexibly adapted to the brick, e.g., the available space inside the brick. In particular, webs of the same thickness can simplify the manufacturing process of the brick.

[0038] Preferably, the first volume of the crown-shaped cavity is at most twice the size of the second volume of the further cavity. This ensures the load-bearing capacity of the masonry unit. The first volume can be, in particular, between 10 and 90 percent, preferably between 20 and 70 percent, and preferably between 30 and 50 percent, larger than the second volume. The total volume of all cavities, relative to the volume of the masonry unit 1, can be between 20 and 50 percent, preferably between 30 and 40 percent.

[0039] The brick can further have at least one elongated, in particular substantially rectangular, cavity located inside the brick, especially between the crown-shaped cavity and one of the brick's outer walls. This allows the brick's mass to be further reduced and its thermal insulation improved. The brick can have several, preferably two, three, or four, elongated cavities.

[0040] The elongated cavity can extend parallel to one of the outer walls of the brick. The elongated cavity can extend parallel to one of the joining surfaces, i.e., in the y-direction. The length of the elongated cavity, particularly in the x-direction, can depend on the length of the brick's outer edge. The length of the elongated cavity can be between 70 and 200 millimeters, particularly between 100 and 150 millimeters. The length of the elongated cavity can be between 10 and 50 percent, preferably between 20 and 40 percent, shorter than the length of the brick's outer edge. The width of the elongated cavity, particularly in the y-direction, can be between 4 and 20 millimeters, particularly between 6 and 10 millimeters. The length of the elongated cavity can depend on the crown-shaped cavity, particularly the length of the first crown-prong cavity wall.Preferably, the elongated cavity is the same length as the first crown tooth cavity wall.

[0041] A web can be formed between the crown-shaped cavity, the elongated cavity, the joining surfaces, and / or the outer walls of the stone, in particular wherein the web has a width of at least 25 millimeters, preferably 30 millimeters, and / or at most 40 millimeters, preferably at most 35 millimeters. These webs can increase the load-bearing capacity of the masonry unit. The webs can be of the same or different widths. In particular, webs of the same thickness can simplify the manufacturing process of the masonry unit.

[0042] Preferably, the crown-shaped cavity and / or the further cavity is filled with at least one insulating material body, in particular wherein the insulating material body comprises a foam-like insulating material. This allows the thermal and acoustic properties of the masonry unit and thus of the masonry to be improved. For example, mineral foams, as described in the prior art cited above, such as glass or mineral wool, rigid polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, phenolic resin foam, or urea foam, can be used. Foam-like insulating material is lightweight and exhibits particularly good thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Optionally, the elongated cavity can be filled with at least one insulating material body, in particular wherein the insulating material body comprises a foam-like insulating material.

[0043] The insulation material body can have a bulk density between 35 and 80 kg / m³. 3 , preferably between 40 and 55 kg / m³ 3, preferably between 45 and 50 kg / m² 3 , have.

[0044] The insulating material body can have a thermal conductivity between 0.025 and 0.06 W / (m K), preferably between 0.03 and 0.055 W / (m K), and preferably between 0.03 and 0.05 W / (m K). The thermal conductivity of the insulating material body can be between 5 and 60 percent, preferably between 10 and 40 percent, preferably between 15 and 30 percent, and preferably between 20 and 30 percent, of the thermal conductivity of the masonry unit without the insulating material body.

[0045] The foam-like insulating material can be poured into the crown-shaped, wider, and / or elongated cavities in a pourable, particularly liquid or semi-liquid, state. This allows for particularly complete filling of the cavities, which is especially advantageous for the crown-shaped cavity. The pourable insulating material eliminates the need for time-consuming pre-cutting and subsequent insertion of the insulating material. The insulating material can then dry and harden. In its dry state, the insulating material can be elastic. Alternatively or additionally, pourable granules, particularly mineral granules, can be used as insulating material within the masonry unit. The granules can be made at least partially from mineral fibers such as glass or rock wool, or from perlite.Additionally, a binder, such as water glass, can be added to stabilize the granules. Filling cavities in bricks with pourable materials is particularly easy and quick, and with a suitable nozzle arrangement on a filling system, many cavities can be filled simultaneously.

[0046] A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a brick, comprising the following process steps: filling a brick slurry into a mold for forming a brick with two opposing joining surfaces for lateral connection with another brick, and two opposing brick outer walls, wherein the joining surfaces and brick outer walls define a brick interior, wherein during forming a crown-shaped cavity is introduced into the brick interior, wherein two adjacent crown-prong cavity walls form a projection that extends into the crown-shaped cavity and in the direction of one of the brick outer walls.

[0047] This allows for particularly simple and rapid production of the brick. Such a method is especially suitable for mass production using automated machinery. The brick slurry can consist of cement, water, and mineral materials. It can also contain additives such as binders, accelerators, retarders, plasticizers, and / or stabilizers. The mold can have cavities into which no slurry is poured to form a brick with crown-shaped hollows. The slurry can be pressed into the mold and compacted. During filling, the mold can be vibrated to improve the distribution of the slurry within the mold. The brick can be dried using heat.Optionally, the brick can be air-cured, eliminating the need for heat energy during drying and making the manufacturing process particularly environmentally friendly. The dried brick can then be finished, for example, by grinding. This ensures a uniform surface quality and allows for easy installation.

[0048] Optionally, raised and recessed areas can be incorporated into the joint surfaces to align the bricks. This can be done, for example, using a mold during the forming process.

[0049] Preferably, at least one further cavity, in particular a honeycomb-shaped one, is introduced into the interior of the brick, especially centrally between the outer walls of the brick, wherein the further cavity is bounded by several cavity walls, and wherein two adjacent cavity walls form a projection that extends away from the further cavity and in the direction of the crown-shaped cavity. The further cavity can be introduced similarly to the crown-shaped cavity by means of a mold during the forming of the brick.

[0050] Preferably, the crown-shaped cavity is positioned between the larger cavity and one of the outer walls of the brick. This allows for optimal use of space within the brick. As described above, this also improves the load-bearing capacity of the brick.

[0051] Preferably, the cantilever is parallel to the projection. As described above, this can have a positive effect on the load-bearing capacity of the brick. Furthermore, avoiding unequal material thicknesses can simplify the production of the brick.

[0052] At least one elongated cavity can be introduced into the interior of the brick, particularly between the crown-shaped cavity and one of the brick's outer walls. The elongated cavity can extend parallel to one of the brick's outer walls and / or the crown-shaped cavity. The elongated cavity can be created, for example, using a mold during the brick's forming process.

[0053] Preferably, the crown-shaped cavity and / or the further cavity is filled with an insulating material, in particular wherein the insulating material comprises a foam-like insulating material. The insulating material can help to reduce the heat flow through the brick, and thus the masonry. This can improve the thermal insulation. Optionally, the elongated cavity can be filled with an insulating material.

[0054] The insulation material can be injected into the dried brick. This can be done using an injection device. The flowable insulation material can then harden in the cavity, remaining elastic even after hardening. Once hardened, the brick can be turned upside down, with the insulation material remaining in the crown-shaped cavity and / or the rest of the cavity. The filled bricks can then be transported to a construction site and used there.

[0055] Preferably, the amount of foam-like insulating material dispensed when filling the cavity(ies) is controlled by the dwell time of the masonry unit under a filling system, whereby the foam-like insulating material flows continuously from the filling system. This prevents the formation of hardening material in the filling system, even with rapidly curing foams.

[0056] In the case of mineral foams, as described in the cited prior art, interrupting the material flow in the feed line would change the technical properties of the foam.

[0057] In another advantageous variant, the foam-like insulating material is at least partially in a liquid state during filling and transitions to a foam-like state after or during the filling process. This allows for rapid filling of the masonry cavities because the higher material density enables the insulating material to be transported more quickly through the supply lines. Inside the masonry unit, the insulating material can continue to expand and harden. During this process, the density of the foam can decrease by, for example, half.

[0058] Optionally, a prefabricated insulating insert, in particular an elastically deformable insulating insert, can be inserted into the crown-shaped, wider, and / or elongated cavity. This allows the insulating insert to be integrated into the brickwork before transport and construction of the masonry; that is, the brickwork with the insulating insert can be transported to the construction site.

[0059] The characteristics or explanations described by one of the aspects (brick or process) can be individually or in combination transferred to and combined with the other aspects.

[0060] The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments. The following are shown: Fig. 1: a bottom view of a first embodiment of a brick with two crown-shaped cavities and two honeycomb-shaped cavities, Fig. 2: A cross-sectional view of the brick from the side Fig. 3: A cross-sectional view of the brick from the front Fig. 4: a bottom view of a second embodiment of a brick with two crown-shaped cavities, two honeycomb-shaped cavities and two elongated cavities, and Fig. 5: a bottom view of a third embodiment of a brick with two crown-shaped cavities and four pentagonal cavities.

[0061] Corresponding components are each provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

[0062] Fig. Figure 1 shows a bottom view of a first embodiment of a brick 1, which has an interior 4 enclosed by two outer brick walls 2 and two joining surfaces 3. The brick comprises porous lightweight concrete. The lightweight concrete includes natural pumice and 8 percent expanded clay. This allows for the provision of a sustainable and environmentally friendly brick.

[0063] The two joining surfaces 3 and the two stone outer walls 2 are each arranged at right angles to each other to form a rectangular brick 1. The joining surfaces, or in the underside view their joining edges 3, extend in a horizontal y-direction. The stone outer walls, or their stone outer edges 2, extend in a horizontal x-direction. In this example, the joining surfaces 3 are 425 millimeters long and the stone outer walls 2 are 247 millimeters long. The brick has a depth of 249 millimeters (not shown). To align several bricks 1 with each other, alternating raised areas 8 and recessed areas 9 are provided on the joining surfaces 3. The bricks 1 can then either be placed directly next to each other or additionally joined together using mortar or other bonding materials.

[0064] Within the interior of the brick 4 are two crown-shaped cavities 5 and two honeycomb-shaped cavities 6. The crown-shaped cavities 5 each have a first volume 21 that is 30 percent larger than the second volume 22 of the honeycomb-shaped cavities 6. The total volume of all cavities, relative to the volume of the brick 1, is approximately 30 percent.

[0065] An insulating material body 7 is inserted into each of the upper crown-shaped cavity 5 and the right honeycomb-shaped cavity 6. For clarity, the Fig. 1. Insulating material bodies 7 are not shown in all crown-shaped cavities 5 and honeycomb-shaped cavities 6. However, it is advantageous that insulating material bodies 7 are inserted in all cavities 5, 6.

[0066] The insulating material bodies 7 comprise foam-like insulating material, in particular polyurethane foam, which is filled into the crown-shaped cavities 5 and honeycomb-shaped cavities 6 in a pourable, especially semi-liquid, state. During filling, the insulating material conforms to the contour of the crown-shaped cavities 5 and honeycomb-shaped cavities 6, forming an insulating material body 7 corresponding to the respective contour. The insulating material bodies 7 improve the thermal and acoustic properties of the masonry unit 1 and thus of the masonry (not shown) constructed from these masonry units 1. At the same time, the insulating material bodies 7 are very lightweight and therefore do not adversely affect the mass of the masonry unit 1.

[0067] The crown-shaped cavities 5, the honeycomb-shaped cavities 6 and the insulating material bodies 7 extend from the underside 10 239 millimeters shown here to a top surface 20 of the brick 1 (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) They therefore do not extend over the entire height of the wall stone 1.

[0068] The two crown-shaped cavities 5 are identical in shape and each is arranged off-center in the honeycomb stone 1. Each of the crown-shaped cavities 5 has seven crown-prong cavity walls 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, or, viewed in cross-section, crown-prong cavity edges. The crown-shaped cavity 5 is essentially rectangular. The first crown-prong cavity edge 51 is longer than the other crown-prong cavity edges 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 and is also parallel to the lower outer wall of the stone 2.

[0069] Two second crown-tooth cavity edges 52, 53 adjoin the ends of the first crown-tooth cavity edge 51 at a right angle 101. Two third crown-tooth cavity edges 54, 55 adjoin the two second crown-tooth cavity edges 52, 53 at an acute angle 102.

[0070] The third crown-tooth cavity edges 54, 55, 56, 57 run in a zigzag line in the x-direction, and are therefore inclined with respect to the first crown-tooth cavity edge 51 and the second crown-tooth cavity edges 52, 53. At the apex 12 of the projection 11, two third crown-tooth cavity edges 54, 55; 56, 57 meet at an obtuse angle 103. Thus, they form two projections 11 that extend towards the outer stone wall 2. The projections 11 are identical and their apexes 12 extend the same distance into the crown-shaped cavity 5 towards the first crown-tooth cavity edge 51. Between the projections 12, the third crown-tooth cavity edges 55, 56 meet at an obtuse angle 104.

[0071] A distance 13 in the y-direction between the first crown-tooth cavity edge 51 and the third crown-tooth cavity edges 54, 55, 56, 57 varies depending on where in the x-direction the distance 13 is measured. The distance 13 is minimal between the tip 12 of the projection 11 and the first crown-tooth cavity wall 51. The minimum distance 15 is 40 millimeters. The distance 13 is maximal between an intersection 16 of the two inner third crown-tooth cavity edges 55, 56 and the first crown-tooth cavity edge 51. The maximum distance 14 is 70 millimeters.

[0072] The crown-shaped cavity 5 contributes to particularly efficient sound insulation. Furthermore, the complex crown-shaped geometry, especially the projection 11, allows for the targeted attenuation of sound waves of specific frequencies.

[0073] The two honeycomb-shaped cavities 6 are identical and each is positioned centrally between the joining surfaces 3 and the crown-shaped cavities 5. Each of the honeycomb-shaped cavities 6 has six cavity walls 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, or, viewed in cross-section, cavity edges. In this example, the first cavity edges 61, 62, 64, 65 are of equal length, while the second cavity edges 63, 66 are longer. Each pair of adjacent first cavity edges 61, 62 and 64, 65 forms a projection 67 that extends away from the next honeycomb-shaped cavity 6 and towards one of the crown-shaped cavities 5. The projection 67, i.e. the first cavity edges 61, 62 or 64, 65, is parallel to each of the projections 11, i.e. two adjacent third crown-tooth cavity edges 54, 55.In the present example, the cavity edge 64 is parallel to the third crown-prong cavity edge 55, and the cavity edge 65 is parallel to the third crown-prong cavity edge 54. The crown-shaped cavities 5 and the further honeycomb-shaped cavities 6 are arranged within the masonry block 4 such that webs 17 with a thickness of 35 millimeters exist between the crown-shaped cavities 5, the further cavities 6, the joining surfaces 3, in particular their recesses 9, and the outer walls 2 of the block. The load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the masonry block 1 are significantly improved by the webs 17, especially by their partially inclined orientation towards the outer wall 2 and the joining surface 3, i.e., in the x and y directions.

[0074] Furthermore, this facilitates the production of the brick 1, particularly when it is manufactured by a casting process, as the filling of a mold (not shown) for shaping the brick 1 can be uniform. Additionally, the brick 1 dries and hardens more uniformly with a consistent web thickness, which is essential for the stability of the brick 1.

[0075] Fig. Figure 4 shows a bottom view of a second embodiment of a brick 18 with two crown-shaped cavities 5, two honeycomb-shaped cavities 6, and two elongated cavities 19. The two crown-shaped cavities 5 and the two honeycomb-shaped cavities 6 are configured identically to those shown in Figure 4. Fig. 1 first embodiment shown. The two elongated cavities 19 are each rectangular and arranged between the crown-shaped cavity 5 and the outer wall 2 of the stone. The elongated cavity extends in the x-direction parallel to the outer wall 2 of the stone and the first crown-prong cavity wall 51. Between the crown-shaped cavities 5 and the elongated cavities 19, between the elongated cavities 19 and the outer walls 2 of the stone, and between the elongated cavities 19 and the joining surfaces 3, there are webs 17 of equal thickness as shown in the Fig. 1 shown.

[0076] Fig. Figure 5 shows a bottom view of a third embodiment of a brick 23 with two crown-shaped cavities 5 and four pentagonal cavities 24. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 2014843A2

[0003] EP 2236685B1

[0003] EP 0146529A2

[0004] DE 202011107411U1

[0004] EP 3156383B1

[0004] DE 102015013396A1

[0004]

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