Methods for regulating and / or controlling lightweight packaging and / or municipal waste processing plants

Abstract

Method for regulating and / or controlling lightweight packaging and / or municipal solid waste processing plants by changing a material flow, wherein the processing plant is first fed with material to be processed using a mobile technology, wherein the material is subsequently broken up and / or shredded by means of a shredder to form a uniform material flow on a conveying technology, wherein the material is then fed to at least one sorting stage using a conveying technology, wherein the following is used as a measurement variable of the method: - a fill level of a hopper of the shredder and / or - the volume flow rate of the material flow, wherein the measured quantity is measured contactlessly using sensor technology, wherein the following is used as the control and / or regulated variable of the process: - the shredding behavior of the shredder via its load capacity, and / or - the feeding of the processing plant with the mobile technology, and / or - Changes to plant operating parameters, where a feeding signal for the supply of the system is communicated to a loading personnel by means of a warning message.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of methods for regulating and / or controlling lightweight packaging and / or household waste processing plants.

[0002] Methods of this type are already known in the prior art.

[0003] The technical objective of the invention is to improve the state of the art and to propose alternatives.

[0004] The technical problem is solved by an object with the technical features according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims, the description, and the figure.

[0005] All features described in connection with individual embodiments of the invention can be provided in different combinations in the object according to the invention in order to simultaneously realize their advantageous effects.

[0006] The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the patent claims and is not limited by the features explained in the description or illustrated in the figures.

[0007] According to one aspect, the technical problem of the invention is solved by a method for regulating and / or controlling lightweight packaging and / or municipal solid waste processing plants by changing a material flow, wherein the processing plant is first fed with material to be processed by means of a mobile technology, wherein the material is then broken up and / or shredded by means of a shredder to form a uniform material flow on a conveyor technology, wherein the material is then fed to at least one sorting stage by means of a conveyor technology, wherein the following is used as a measuring variable of the method: - a fill level of a hopper of the shredder and / or - the volume flow rate of the material flow, wherein the measured quantity is measured contactlessly using a sensor technology, wherein the following is used as the control and / or regulated variable of the process: - the shredding behavior of the shredder via its load capacity, and / or - the feeding of the processing plant with the mobile technology, and / or - Changes to plant operating parameters, where a feeding signal for the supply of the system is communicated to a loading personnel by means of a warning message.

[0008] For the purposes of the invention, the material to be processed can be understood to be, for example, lightweight packaging waste and / or household waste.

[0009] A mobile technology within the meaning of the invention can, for example, be a wheel loader, with which, in particular, the material to be processed is fed to a shredder at the respective times of application.

[0010] For the purposes of the invention, a shredder can be understood as, for example, a counter-comb shredder, bag opener, metering roller, or similar device.

[0011] For the purposes of the invention, a sorting stage can be understood, for example, as a drum sieve.

[0012] The fill level of a hopper is detected, for example, by means of a height sensor, and the volume flow of the material flow is detected, for example, by means of methods for optical distance and / or velocity measurement, such as LIDAR.

[0013] A change in the plant operating parameters can be understood, for example, as a change in the conveying speed, as a change in the empty speed of the shredder hopper, or as a change in the rotational speed of the shredder shaft.

[0014] This allows for the creation of optimal conditions for subsequent process steps, such as classification or sorting, by ensuring a continuous material flow and preventing overfilling or underfilling of the following process stages. Discontinuous sections of the material preparation, such as feeding the system, can thus be optimally linked with continuous sections, such as material shredding.

[0015] In a technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the following is used as a further measurement parameter. - the rotational speed of a shredder shaft and / or - setting a reversing interval for the shredder and / or - a setting in synchronous or asynchronous mode of the shredder and / or - Area flow of the material flow.

[0016] The emptying time of the shredder can, for example, be advantageously calculated based on the measured variable of the rotational speed of the shredder shaft.

[0017] For example, it may be provided that the rotational speed of a shredder shaft is used in one case only as a control variable and not as a measured variable, or in another case only as a measured variable and not as a control variable.

[0018] For example, it may be provided that the rotational speed is measured and, based on this, for example together with the filling level and / or a setting of the reversing interval and / or the synchronous mode and / or the asynchronous mode and / or the volume flow after the shredder, a cleaning time function is determined.

[0019] For example, a wheel loader operator might notice that the specified requirements cannot be met and communicate this as a signal to the system executing the process, causing the material currently in the shredder hopper to be processed at a lower speed. This could, for example, be for a certain period of time or until the wheel loader operator sends another signal to the system.

[0020] Furthermore, in a technically advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that the warning message is issued as an optical and / or acoustic and / or haptic warning message, wherein in particular the warning message is issued by means of visual marking of bunker segments and / or by means of a light signaling system and especially on a mobile device.

[0021] For the purposes of the invention, a mobile device can be understood to be, for example, a tablet, a pager, a smartwatch and / or a smartphone.

[0022] Advantageously, this allows operating personnel, such as a wheel loader driver, to be informed about operating conditions quickly and using existing resources, which can further improve the execution of the procedure.

[0023] Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that, as a further control and / or regulated variable, the determination of an emptying time function of the shredder is carried out by means of an emptying speed function of the shredder, in particular for each speed setting and / or reversing setting of the shredder, wherein the emptying time function and / or the emptying speed function are in particular adapted adaptively.

[0024] For example, it may be provided that there is a different emptying speed and emptying time function for the synchronous and asynchronous modes of the shredder, which can have an additional advantageous effect on the process.

[0025] Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that a time delay between the feeding signal and the actual feeding is used as an additional measured variable.

[0026] Such a time delay, for example in the sense of a time lag or a delay, can additionally improve the execution of the procedure, as it can create greater flexibility in particular.

[0027] Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that a buffer property of subsequent processing units is used as an additional measured variable.

[0028] For example, it may be advantageously designed that the process only generates a uniform material flow to the extent that downstream units, such as drum screens and / or ballistic separators and / or similar equipment, can still homogenize the flow. The buffer capacity or homogenization potential of the downstream units can either be determined in advance through experiments and, for example, assumed to be constant, or continuously validated, for example, by near-infrared sensor data and / or volumetric flow sensor data.

[0029] Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that the method is validated by means of an analysis of subsequent process steps.

[0030] For example, additional near-infrared sensor data and / or volume flow sensor data can be used to advantageously detect whether any fluctuations in the process continue.

[0031] Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that a refill time of the shredder is calculated depending on reversing intervals.

[0032] This can advantageously increase the interval between input times, for example in the sense of feeding material to be processed into a shredder using a wheel loader.

[0033] According to a further aspect, the technical problem of the invention is solved by means of a processing plant comprising a mobile technology for feeding the plant, a shredder, the shredder comprising at least one hopper, a conveying technology, a sorting stage, at least one sensor, in particular a height sensor for detecting the fill level of the hopper, control and / or regulating electronics, a bunker segment, an optical display device for outputting a feeding signal, wherein the plant is configured to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims.

[0034] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and are described in more detail below.

[0035] It shows: Fig. 1. A schematic representation of the procedure.

[0036] Fig.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a method 1 for regulating and / or controlling lightweight packaging and / or municipal solid waste processing plants by changing a material flow, wherein the processing plant is first fed with material to be processed by means of a mobile technology 2, wherein the material is subsequently broken up and / or shredded by means of a shredder to form a uniform material flow on a conveying technology 3, wherein the material is then fed to at least one sorting stage by means of a conveying technology 4, wherein the following is used as a measurement variable of the method: - a fill level of a hopper of the shredder and / or - the volume flow rate of the material flow, wherein the measured quantity is measured contactlessly using sensor technology, wherein the following is used as the control and / or regulated variable of the process: - the shredding behavior of the shredder via its load capacity, and / or - the feeding of the processing plant with the mobile technology, and / or - Changes to plant operating parameters, where a feed signal for feeding the system is communicated to a loading personnel by means of a warning message 5.

[0037] Advantageously, by utilizing the best possible combination of measurement, control, and / or regulation variables for the specific case, a solution can be proposed that optimally coordinates the discontinuous components of the process, the feeding of the system, and the continuous components. This creates favorable conditions for subsequent process steps by ensuring a continuous material flow. Reference symbol list: 1 Procedure 2. Feeding the processing plant 3 Formation of the material flow 4. Material feed to sorting stage 5 Output feed signal

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