Method for operating a fuel cell system

Abstract

A method for operating a fuel cell system (100) is proposed, wherein the fuel cell system (100) has a fuel cell unit (120) and an anode gas supply system (110) for operating the fuel cell unit (120) with anode gas, comprising: Determining a current foreign gas proportion of foreign gas in anode gas stored in an anode gas reservoir (112a, 112b) of the anode gas supply system (110), wherein the foreign gas impairs the operation of the fuel cell unit (120); Determining at least one operating parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit (120) with the anode gas having the current foreign gas content; and Operating the fuel cell unit (120) with the at least one specific operating parameter.

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system, wherein an anode gas has a foreign gas fractionPrior ArtPolymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems can convert hydrogen to electrical energy using air oxygen to generate waste heat and water. In this case, hydrogen molecules are consumed or removed on the anode side. By diffusion processes, nitrogen can pass from the air into the anode space.Disclosure of the InventionFuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, has an anode supplied with an anode gas, for example hydrogen, and a cathode which can be supplied with air. A polymer electrolyte membrane may be arranged between a cathode space and an anode space. A plurality of such individual fuel cells may be stacked to increase the generated electric voltage. Within this stack, called stack, supply channels can be arranged, which supply the individual fuel cells with hydrogen and air or transport the depleted moist air and the depleted anode exhaust gas. For separating liquid water from the gaseous part of the anode off-gas, special water separators can be used. In addition to the separation function, the separator can also be configured to store separated water. If the reservoir is full, the stored water can be discharged by opening a so-called drain valve.During operation of an air-driven PEM fuel cell, nitrogen can pass from the cathode side via the membrane to the anode side and be enriched due to a concentration gradient, wherein nitrogen for a fuel cell represents an inert gas which can reduce the cell voltage and thus the stack voltage, which in turn means efficiency losses. Such a foreign gas, such as in particular nitrogen, can damage a fuel cell which is operated with an excessively high nitrogen partial pressure, in particular due to hydrogen depletions which limit the service life. Therefore, a fuel cell may be configured to repeatedly discharge gas from the anode space by means of a so-called purge valve during operation in order to reduce the nitrogen content.An anode gas for operating a fuel cell does not contain 100% hydrogen (H2). Thus, according to a standard (SAE J2719), up to 300 ppm of nonhydrogen (H2) molecules, i.e. foreign gas, are permissible at refill stations or gas stations.During the production process of an anode gas supply system, which can have an anode gas tank, this can be flushed with nitrogen for production or process reasons. By means of hydrogen purging processes, the nitrogen can be sequentially substituted by hydrogen. The degree of purging nitrogen scales with the amount of hydrogen required for this purpose. For reasons of economy, an initial tank or an initial tank filling can have a greater degree of impurity, i.e. a greater proportion of extraneous gas, than will then be present after subsequent refuelings.In addition, during assembly or during repairs in service, foreign gas, in particular nitrogen, can be introduced into a fuel cell system. Removing the foreign gas from a fuel cell system would require costly purging processes, particularly with hydrogen in an anode gas supply system.According to aspects of the invention, a method for operating a fuel cell system, a data storage system for determining a proportion of foreign gas and a fuel cell system according to the features of the independent claims are proposed. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims and of the following description.According to one aspect, a method for operating a fuel cell system is proposed, wherein the fuel cell system has a fuel cell unit and an anode gas supply system for operating the fuel cell unit with anode gas. In one step of the method, a current foreign gas fraction of foreign gas in anode gas, which is stored in an or-gas storage of the anode gas supply system, is determined, wherein the foreign gas impairs the operation of the fuel cell unit. In a further step, at least one operating parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit with the anode gas which has the current foreign gas fraction is determined. In a further step, the fuel cell unit is operated with the at least one specific operating parameter.A fuel cell unit can have a fuel cell and / or a fuel cell stack and / or a plurality of fuel cell stacks, which in particular each have further units, and are configured to be operated with at least one further unit. An anode gas supply system may comprise an anode gas tank and / or further assemblies which assist and / or enable operation of a fuel cell unit. An anode gas is a gas supplied to a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack at an anode side of the fuel cell to operate the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack. In particular, the anode gas of an anode gas supply system may have a foreign gas fraction which should be nominally sufficiently low for unaffected operation of a fuel cell stack and / or a fuel cell.The fuel cell system and / or the anode gas supply system can have at least one pressure and temperature sensor in order to control or regulate the fuel cell unit and / or the anode gas supply system, in particular for operation of the fuel cell system.In particular, the fuel cell system can comprise a low-temperature fuel cell unit with compressed gas reservoirs of the anode gas supply system.Advantageously, the method allows the fuel cell system to be operated in an optimized operating range by determining the proportion of foreign gas or the concentration of harmful gas in the anode gas of the anode gas supply system and operating the fuel cell unit with corresponding operating parameters which can be determined on the basis of the current proportion of foreign gas. In particular, the foreign gas fraction of the anode gas can be provided to a controller of the fuel cell system in order to operate the fuel cell system and / or the fuel cell unit in accordance with the current foreign gas fraction, and in particular to protect the fuel cell unit from damaging operation.In other words, the method for operating the fuel cell system can comprise a method for operating the fuel cell system in the case of anode gas (hydrogen) initially heavily laden with nitrogen (N2).A purge valve of a fuel cell system may be designed and / or optimized for operation with nominal nitrogen loading in the anode gas in order to be able to operate the fuel cell system in an optimized manner. As a result, the purge valve may be under-dimensioned in the case of an initial very high nitrogen concentration during an initial filling process, or an initial refueling, and / or further initial refilling processes (refueling processes) of a new hydrogen tank system. This means that even a 100 percent opening duration of the valve can no longer be sufficient to maintain the nitrogen concentration at a level necessary for the operation of the fuel cell unit. The consequence may be that the fuel cell system can only be operated with reduced power and / or a reduced fuel cell stack current.The anode gas supply system may be configured and configured to determine the current impurity gas content of impurity gas in the anode gas of the anode gas supply system. In particular, the anode gas supply system can be configured to provide the determined current foreign gas fraction of the fuel cell unit. The fuel cell unit can be configured to take over the current foreign gas fraction from the anode gas supply system in a particularly advantageous manner in order to control and / or regulate the fuel cell system and / or the fuel cell unit. In other words, the fuel cell unit and the anode gas supply system may be configured to communicate with each other with respect to the current impurity gas content of the anode gas in the anode gas supply system.According to one aspect, the fuel cell system and / or the fuel cell unit can at least partially compensate for effects on the fuel cell system or the fuel cell unit by means of a power reduction or an anode gas purge.Advantageously, the method for operating the fuel cell system can avoid complicated flushing of the anode gas supply system and / or of the anode gas store in order to reduce the proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas, with the result that, in particular, resources and / or the environment can be saved.In particular, after each refilling process (refueling) of the anode gas supply system and / or of the anode gas storage, the foreign gas fraction can be newly or currently determined based on an assumed or provided information about the foreign gas fraction in the refilling anode gas of a tank system and current pressure values into the storage of the anode gas supply system before and after the refilling process.This is explained in more detail below.The anode gas can in particular comprise hydrogen (H2). The foreign gas can in particular comprise nitrogen (N2). After a refilling process of the anode gas supply system, the current foreign gas concentration of the anode gas of the anode gas supply system can be provided to the fuel cell unit or a fuel cell stack, in order to determine operating parameters for the operation of the fuel cell unit.Advantageously, the proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas supply system can be reduced by each further refilling process with the method, so that, in particular with an increasing number of such refilling process attempts, a concentration of the foreign gas in the anode gas of the anode gas supply system can convert to a standard value.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the determined current foreign gas fraction is assigned to a foreign gas fraction class corresponding to the foreign gas fraction. In this case, the, in particular current, foreign gas fraction class can be provided to the fuel cell unit for determining the at least one operating parameter.In other words, flags can be defined which are assigned to the respective foreign gas fraction class in order to provide the respectively current flag for the operation of the fuel cell unit. In particular, the respectively current flag can be provided to the fuel cell unit or a fuel cell stack in order to determine at least one operating market parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit or the fuel cell stack.That is to say that the fuel cell unit of the fuel cell system can be provided with a flag by the anode gas supply system (or tank system) in order in particular to determine an operating parameter for the fuel cell unit.An operation of the fuel cell unit or of the fuel cell stack may require an increasing purging of an anode space and / or of an anode circuit of the fuel cell unit or of the fuel cell stack with increasing electrical operating power and / or with increasing proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas. A purge valve for purging an anode space and / or an anode circuit of the fuel cell unit or of the fuel cell stack can be designed or optimized for operation with a specified or nominal proportion of extraneous gas in the anode gas, in order to be able to operate the fuel cell system in an optimized manner.It can follow from this that the purge valve, in the case of an initially very high proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas (nitrogen concentration in the anode gas), is under-dimensioned during the initial refueling or the first refueling processes of a new or newly set anode gas supply system (H2tank system).This can mean that even a 100% opening or opening duration of the valve is no longer sufficient to keep a concentration of the foreign gas (nitrogen) at a level necessary for the operation of the fuel cells.A limit (Purge_max threshold) for a current external gas fraction may then be reached, depending on a design of the respective purge valve and of the fuel cell system, beyond which the fuel cell system should be operated with reduced power in order to protect the fuel cell system.This limit (Purge_max threshold) is dependent on a design of the fuel cell system and can be determined in advance. That is to say, it can be determined which maximum foreign gas fraction (nitrogen concentration) can initially be present at a maximum in the anode gas supply system (tank) and, in particular, with which power (derating power) the fuel cell system can be loaded without damage given a foreign gas fraction.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the fuel cell unit is operated nominally, in particular according to a specification of the fuel cell system for nominal anode gas, if the proportion of foreign gas of the anode gas from the anode gas supply system is less than a nominal foreign gas value; and the fuel cell unit is operated up to a maximum nominal power and with a maximum anode gas purge current if the proportion of foreign gas is greater than the nominal foreign gas value and less than a maximum foreign gas purge value; and wherein the fuel cell unit is operated with a first reduced electric power when the foreign gas fraction is greater than the foreign gas purge max value and less than a first foreign gas derating value.Here, the maximum nominal power may be a maximum power for the operation of the fuel cell unit specified according to a nominal operation.Further foreign gas derating values can be provided, so that, with a decreasing foreign gas content (or N2concentration) in the anode gas supply system, a derating of a load of the fuel cell system can be reduced in stages.The fuel cell system can advantageously also be operated at higher foreign gas fractions in the anode gas, but with reduced power (reduced stack current).A nominal operation may be an operation of the fuel cell unit that corresponds to a specification of the fuel cell unit when the fuel cell unit is operated with a specified anode gas in which a foreign gas fraction is below a specified limit, which is in particular the foreign gas nominal value.The anode gas purge stream may be an anode gas stream flowing through a controllable purge valve of a fuel cell unit and / or a fuel cell stack that may be released into a surrounding environment of the fuel cell system to operate the fuel cell unit and / or the fuel cell stack.Such a purge valve can, for a given proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas, cause a derating threshold value for an electrical load of the fuel cell system, which is either characterized by a complete (100%) opening of the purge valve; or is characterized by an almost complete opening of the purge valve if a distinction between a complete opening and the almost complete opening is necessary for the operation of the fuel cell system. Such a distinction may assist in operating a fuel cell system.A current proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas can be transferred from the anode gas supply system to the fuel cell unit by means of the following threshold values: nominal foreign gas value; purge max value of foreign gas; first foreign gas derating value; in particular corresponding to a flag, in order to determine the at least one operating parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the determination of the current foreign gas fraction and / or the assignment of the current foreign gas fraction to the foreign gas fraction class in the anode gas supply system is carried out by means of an anode gas controller of the anode gas supply system; and in particular the determination of the at least one operating parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit is carried out by means of a fuel cell controller of the fuel cell unit.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the at least one operating parameter comprises a maximum operating power of the fuel cell stack and / or a minimum anode gas purge current corresponding to the current impurity gas fraction.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the current proportion of foreign gas is determined on the basis of a partial pressure of the foreign gas and a partial pressure of the anode gas, in particular in the anode gas store.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the current proportion of extraneous gas is determined by means of an extraneous gas sensor which is functionally coupled to the anode gas of the anode gas supply system.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the storage for the anode gas is a gas tank and / or a gas container.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the fuel cell system and / or the anode gas supply system have a data storage system, and the method has the additional method steps:In a step, an initial value for the foreign gas fraction in the anode gas supply system, in particular in the anode gas storage device, is determined and / or provided. In a further step, an initial total pressure in the anode gas supply system is determined. In a further step, the initial value for the foreign gas fraction and the initial total pressure is stored by means of the data storage system.The following steps can then be carried out for each refilling process of the anode gas supply system, in particular by means of the anode gas reservoir:determining a respective pre-tank gas pressure in the anode gas reservoir immediately prior to each refueling operation; andstoring the respective pre-tank gas pressure by means of the data storage system; and determining a respective post-tank gas pressure in the anode gas storage device directly after each tank operation; and storing the respective post-tank gas pressure by means of the data storage system; and determining the proportion of the foreign gas based on the following values: the stored initial value for the proportion of the foreign gas, the stored initial total pressure; and both the stored pre-tank gas pressure and the stored post-tank gas pressure of each performed refilling operation of the anode gas supply system; and a respective proportion of the respectively replenished anode gas.In addition, the foreign gas fraction can be based on a volume and / or a temperature of the anode gas supply system and / or a volume and / or a temperature of the anode gas store.The volume of the anode gas supply system can thereby comprise volumes of high-pressure lines and / or containers and / or of medium-pressure lines.The determined impurity gas fraction may be used to determine operating parameters for operation of a fuel cell unit.According to one aspect, the determination of the foreign gas fraction can be carried out after the fuel cell system is put into operation and / or after the fuel cell system is repaired, wherein the determination of the foreign gas fraction is determined on the basis of volumes of the fuel cell system affected by the put into operation and / or the repair.According to one aspect, it is proposed that the anode gas comprises hydrogen and the foreign gas comprises nitrogen.A data storage system for determining a proportion of foreign gas in an anode gas supply system for operating a fuel cell system having a first interface is proposed, having:a first interface for providing an initial value for the foreign gas fraction in the anode gas supply system and / or for providing a pre-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system and / or for providing a post-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system;a second interface for providing a certain current impurity gas fraction in the anode gas supply system;a storage unit for storing provided and / or determined values and / or provided and / or determined pressures;a computing unit, the computing unit being signally coupled to the first interface and the second interfaces and the memory unit; andwherein the computing unit is configured to perform the following steps:storing an initial value for the impurity gas content of the anode gas in the anode gas supply system;storing an initial total pressure of the anode gas supply system, in particular the anode gas storage; andfor each after filling process of the anode gas supply system with anode gas by means of an anode gas store:storing a respective pre-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system immediately prior to each refill operation;storing a respective post-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system immediately after each refill operation; anddetermining the proportion of the foreign gas based on the stored initial value for the proportion of the foreign gas, the stored initial total pressure; and both the stored pre-tank gas pressure and the stored post-tank gas pressure of each refilling operation performed; and a respective proportion of the respective replenished anode gas.In addition, the foreign gas fraction can be based on a volume and / or a temperature of the anode gas supply system and / or a volume and / or a temperature of the anode gas store.The volume of the anode gas supply system can thereby comprise volumes of high-pressure lines and / or containers and / or of medium-pressure lines.The determined impurity gas fraction may be used to determine operating parameters for operation of a fuel cell unit.A fuel cell system is proposed having a fuel cell unit; and an anode gas supply system for operating the fuel cell unit; and a data storage system; and a system control unit, wherein the system control unit is signal-coupled to the fuel cell unit and / or the anode gas supply system and / or the data storage system; and wherein the fuel cell system is configured and configured to carry out one of the methods described above by means of the system control unit.In particular, the fuel cell system may have a purge device for purging the anode gas in an anode gas space of the fuel cell unit.The system controller may include the fuel cell controller and / or the anode gas controller.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic FIGS. 1 and 2. The following show: FIG. 1 shows a sketch of a fuel cell system; and FIG. 2 outlines a flow chart of a method for operating a fuel cell system.FIG. 1 schematically outlines a fuel cell system 100 having a fuel cell unit 120 and an anode gas supply system 110.The fuel cell unit 120 includes a first fuel cell stack 122 aand a second fuel cell stack 122 b. An input connection 121 of the fuel cell unit 120 is fluidly coupled to an anode gas distributor 126 of the fuel cell unit 120 in order to provide anode gas to the respective fuel cell stack 122 a, 122 bof the fuel cell unit 120 via a respective serially fluidly coupled anode gas conditioner 124 a, 124 band a respective serially fluidly coupled controllable valve 123 a, 123 b. In this case, in the respective anode gas path of the first fuel cell stack 122 aor of the second fuel cell stack 122 bof the fuel cell unit 120, a pressure and a temperature of the anode gas at an input connection of the respective fuel cell stack 122 a, 122 bmay be determined by means of a respective sensor. The respective fuel cell stack 122 a, 122 bmay be configured with a purge device 127 a, 127 bto release anode gas of the respective fuel cell stack 122 a, 122 b, in particular for purging the anode gas of an anode space and / or of an anode gas circuit of the respective fuel cell stack, such that anode gas can flow in from an anode gas storage device 122 a, 122 b, in particular at a constant anode gas pressure.The fuel cell unit 120 may include a fuel cell control unit 128 for controlling the fuel cell unit 120, wherein the fuel cell control unit 128 may be coupled to aggregates of the fuel cell unit 120. The first fuel cell stack 122 aand the second fuel cell stack 122 bof the fuel cell unit 120 can be configured by means of a cooling system 130 to remove heat from the respective fuel cell stack 122 a, 122 b.The anode gas supply system 110 may include a first anode gas storage 112 aand a second anode gas storage 112 b, each of which is fluidly coupled to the input port 121 of the fuel cell unit 120 via a shut-off valve 113 a, 113 band a pressure regulator 116. The respective anode gas reservoirs 122 a, 122 bmay be configured to determine a temperature and a pressure of the anode gas in the respective reservoir by means of a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. In this case, pressure relief valves 110 a, 110 bmay be fluidically coupled to an output connection of the respective anode gas store. To an input port of the pressure regulator 116, a controllable valve 117 for releasing anode gas may be fluidly coupled. And to an output port of the pressure regulator 116, a controllable valve 118 for releasing anode gas may be fluidly coupled. The anode gas supply system 110 may be configured to control the anode gas supply system 110 by means of an anode gas controller 118, wherein the anode gas controller 118 may be coupled to aggregates of the anode gas supply system 110. The anode gas controller 118 may additionally or alternatively include the data storage system. The anode gas supply system 110 can be configured to be filled or respectively fuelled with anode gas from an anode gas station (filling station), in particular by means of the anode gas reservoirs 112 a, 112 b, by means of a filling connection 115 at a filling coupling point 114.FIG. 2 outlines a flow diagram of a method for operating a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system having a fuel cell unit 120 and an anode gas supply system 110 for operating the fuel cell unit 120 with anode gas.In a step S 1 of the method, a current foreign gas fraction of foreign gas in anode gas, which is stored in an or-gas storage 112 a, 112 bof the anode gas supply system 110, is determined, wherein the foreign gas can impair the operation of the fuel cell unit 120 if, in particular, a nominal power generated by the fuel cell system or the fuel cell unit 120 is to be provided.In a further step S 2, at least one operating parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit 120 with the anode gas which has the current foreign gas fraction is determined.In a further step S 3, the fuel cell unit 120 is operated with the at least one specific operating parameter and the anode gas provided by the anode gas supply system 110 with the specific current foreign gas fraction.

Claims

A method of operating a fuel cell system (100), the fuel cell system (100) comprising a fuel cell unit (120) and an anode gas supply system (110) for operating the fuel cell unit (120) with anode gas, comprising: determining a current impurity gas fraction of impurity gas in anode gas stored in an impurity gas storage (112a, 112b) of the anode gas supply system (110), the impurity gas interfering with the operation of the fuel cell unit (120); determining at least one operating parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit (120) with the anode gas comprising the current impurity gas fraction; and operating the fuel cell unit (120) with the at least one determined operating parameter.Method according to Claim 1, wherein the determined current impurity gas fraction is assigned to an impurity gas fraction class corresponding to the impurity gas fraction; and in particular the impurity gas fraction class is provided to the fuel cell unit (120) for determining the at least one operating parameterMethod according to claim 2, wherein the determination of the current foreign gas fraction and / or the assignment of the current foreign gas fraction to the foreign gas fraction class in the anode gas supply system is carried out by means of an anode gas controller (118) of the anode gas supply system (110); and in particular the determination of the at least one operating parameter for the operation of the fuel cell unit (120) is carried out by means of a fuel cell controller (128) of the fuel cell unit (120).Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one operating parameter comprises a maximum operating power of the fuel cell stack (120) and / or a minimum anode gas purge flow corresponding to the current foreign gas fraction.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the current proportion of foreign gas is determined on the basis of a partial pressure of the foreign gas and a partial pressure of the anode gas.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the current proportion of foreign gas is determined by means of a foreign gas sensor which is functionally coupled to the anode gas of the anode gas supply system (110).Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the storage for the anode gas (112a, 112b) is a gas tank and / or a gas container.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fuel cell system (100) has a data storage system (118); and the method has the additional method steps: providing and / or determining an initial value for the foreign gas fraction in the anode gas supply system (110); determining an initial total pressure in the anode gas supply system (110); storing the initial value for the foreign gas fraction and the initial total pressure by means of the data storage system; and for each refilling operation of the anode gas supply system: determining a respective pre-tank gas pressure in the anode gas storage (112a, 112b) directly before each filling operation; storing the respective pre-tank gas pressure by means of the data storage system; determining a respective post-tank gas pressure in the anode gas storage (112a, 112b) immediately after each refueling operation; storing the respective post-tank gas pressure using the data storage system; and determining the impurity gas fraction based on: the stored initial value for the impurity gas fraction, the stored initial total pressure; and both the stored pre-tank gas pressure and the stored post-tank gas pressure of each performed post-filling operation of the anode gas supply system (110); and a respective impurity gas fraction of the respectively replenished anode gas.Data storage system (118) for determining a proportion of foreign gas in an anode gas supply system (110) for operation of a fuel cell system (100), comprising: a first interface for providing an initial value for the proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas supply system (110) and / or for providing a pre-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system (110) and / or for providing a post-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system (110); a second interface for providing a determined current proportion of foreign gas in the anode gas supply system (110); a storage unit for storing provided and / or determined values and / or provided and / or determined pressures; a computing unit, wherein the computing unit is signally coupled to the first interface and the second interfaces and the storage unit; and wherein the computing unit is configured to perform the steps of: storing an initial value for the impurity gas content of the anode gas in the anode gas supply system (110); storing an initial total pressure of the anode gas supply system (110); and for each after filling the anode gas supply system (110) with anode gas by means of an anode gas storage (112a, 112b): storing a respective pre-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system (110) immediately before each filling operation; storing a respective post-tank gas pressure in the anode gas supply system (110) immediately after each refilling operation; and determining the foreign gas fraction based on the stored initial value for the foreign gas fraction, the stored initial total pressure; and both the stored pre-tank gas pressure and the stored post-tank gas pressure of each refilling operation performed; and a respective foreign gas fraction of the respectively replenished anode gas.A fuel cell system (100) comprising: a fuel cell unit (120); an anode gas supply system (110) for operating the fuel cell unit (120); a data storage system (118); and a system control unit (118, 128); wherein the system control unit is signal-coupled to the fuel cell unit (120) and / or the anode gas supply system (110) and / or the data storage system (118); and wherein the fuel cell system (120) is configured and configured to perform one of methods 1 to 8 by means of the system control unit (118, 128).

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