Purely optical NV center based current sensor with high isolation for automotive and other applications

Abstract

A current sensor for detecting an electrical current in a line (LTG) comprises means for optical excitation and fluorescence analysis of non-magnetic centers (NV) or paramagnetic centers (NV) in isotropic sensor elements (SE1, SE2). Pump radiation (LB) with a specific wavelength and intensity is used to generate fluorescent radiation (FL), the intensity and time delay of which are measured relative to the pump radiation. The current sensor generates a magnetic field through the current flow, which floods the non-magnetic centers (NV) with different magnetic flux densities (B1, B2). The current value (ILTG) is determined from the detected fluorescence intensities and delays. A computing module (CTR) enables the evaluation, storage, transmission, or output of the data.

Claims

[1] Current sensor with at least one electrical line (LTG), where the current sensor first means (PD, LWL21, LWL, DM, F1, TM, SE) - for irradiating first NV centers (NV1) and / or first paramagnetic centers (NV1) of a first isotropic sensor element (SE1) with first pump radiation (LB) having a first optical pump radiation wavelength (λ pmp1 ) and with a first pump radiation intensity (I pmp1 (t)) of the first pump radiation (LB1) and - for separating the first fluorescence radiation (FL1) of the first NV centers (NV1) and / or first paramagnetic centers (NV1) with a first fluorescence radiation wavelength (λ fl1 ) and - to detect the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (t)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1) of the first NV centers (NV1) and / or first paramagnetic centers (NV1) in the form of a first intensity value and / or - to detect the first delay (Δ fl1 (t)) of the first time course of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (t)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1) of the first NV centers (NV1) and / or first paramagnetic centers (NV1) compared to the first time profile of the first pump radiation intensity (I pmp1 (t)) of the first pump radiation (LB1) with a first optical pump radiation wavelength (λ pmp1 ) and with a first pump radiation intensity (I pmp1 (t)) of the first pump radiation (LB1) in the form of a first delay value and wherein the current sensor second means - for irradiating second NV centers (NV2) and / or second paramagnetic centers (NV2) of a second isotropic sensor element (SE2) with second pump radiation (LB2) and - for separating the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the second NV centers (NV2) and / or second paramagnetic centers (NV2) with a second fluorescence radiation wavelength (λ fl2 ) and - to detect the second fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl2 (t)) the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the second NV centers (NV2) and / or second paramagnetic centers (NV2) in the form of a second intensity value and / or - to record the second time delay (Δ fl2 (t)) of the second time course of the second fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl2 (t)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the second NV centers (NV2) and / or second paramagnetic centers (NV2) compared to the second time profile of the second pump radiation intensity (I pmp2 (t)) of the pump radiation (LB2) in the form of a second delay value and characterized by that the current sensor is arranged so that at least one current flow of at least one electric current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) generates at least one magnetic field at least in the vicinity of the at least one line (LTG), and that the current sensor is arranged such that the at least one magnetic field flows through the first NV centers (NV) and / or first paramagnetic centers (NV) with a first magnetic flux density B1, and that the current sensor is arranged such that the at least one magnetic field flows through the second NV centers (NV) and / or second paramagnetic centers (NV) with a second magnetic flux density B2, and that the current sensor is arranged such that the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density B1 is different from the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density B2, and that the current sensor has fourth means (CTR) to - from the recorded first intensity (I fl1 (t)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1) and / or - from the recorded first time delay (Δ fl1 (t)) of the first time course of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (t)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1) and - from the recorded second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (t)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) and / or - from the recorded second time delay (Δ fl2 (t)) of the second time course of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (t)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) - at least to the at least one current value of at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) and, if necessary, to keep it ready, store it and / or transmit it and / or output it. [2] Current sensor according to claim 1, wherein the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) comprises a plurality of randomly and preferably statistically equally distributed differently oriented first crystals with the one or more first paramagnetic centers (NV1) and / or the one or more first NV centers (NV1) and wherein the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) comprises a plurality of randomly and preferably statistically equally distributed differently oriented second crystals with the one or more second paramagnetic centers (NV2) and / or the one or more second NV centers (NV2) and wherein the current sensor is configured to irradiate the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) and the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) exclusively with electromagnetic radiation having one or more wavelengths of a first wavelength range and with optional electromagnetic radiation having one or more wavelengths of a second wavelength range, but at least microwave-free, - wherein the first wavelength range comprises wavelengths from 1nm to 1mm and - where the first pump radiation wavelength (λ pmp1 ) of the first pump radiation (LB1) lies in the first wavelength range and - where the second pump radiation wavelength (λ pmp2 ) of the second pump radiation (LB2) lies in the first wavelength range and - the second wavelength range comprises wavelengths from 30cm to infinity, i.e. a frequency range from 0Hz to 1GHz, and wherein the current sensor is configured to - that electromagnetic radiation of a third wavelength range from 30cm to 1mm, i.e. the microwave range, ▪ firstly, the first paramagnetic centers (NV1) and / or the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) cannot be irradiated and ▪ Secondly, the second paramagnetic centers (NV2) and / or the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) cannot be irradiated and / or - that electromagnetic radiation of the third wavelength range from 30cm to 1mm - firstly, the first paramagnetic centers (NV1) and / or the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) are not affected and - secondly, the second paramagnetic centers (NV2) and / or the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) are not affected. [3] Current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) comprises a plurality of randomly and preferably statistically equally distributed differently oriented first crystals with the one or more first paramagnetic centers (NV1) and / or the one or more first NV centers (NV1) and wherein the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) comprises a plurality of randomly and preferably statistically equally distributed differently oriented second crystals with the one or more second paramagnetic centers (NV2) and / or the one or more second NV centers (NV2) and wherein the current sensor is configured to irradiate the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) and the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) with electromagnetic radiation having one or more wavelengths of a first wavelength range and with optional electromagnetic radiation having one or more wavelengths of a second wavelength range, but at least microwave-free, and - wherein the first wavelength range comprises wavelengths from 1nm to 1mm and - where the first pump radiation wavelength (λ pmp1 ) of the first pump radiation (LB1) lies in the first wavelength range and - where the second pump radiation wavelength (λ pmp2 ) of the second pump radiation (LB2) lies in the first wavelength range and - the second wavelength range comprises wavelengths from 30cm to infinity, i.e. a frequency range from 0Hz to 1GHz, and wherein the sensor system is configured to irradiate the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) with first electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength range with a first wavelength range intensity relative to the irradiation energy and wherein the sensor system is configured to irradiate the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) with second first electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength range with a second first wavelength range intensity relative to the irradiation energy and wherein the sensor system is configured to irradiate the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) with first second electromagnetic radiation of the second wavelength range with a first second wavelength range intensity relative to the irradiation energy and wherein the sensor system is configured to irradiate the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) with second electromagnetic radiation of the second wavelength range with a second wavelength range intensity relative to the irradiation energy and such that the total irradiation intensity is the sum of the amounts of the first wavelength range intensity plus the first second wavelength range intensity plus the second first wavelength range intensity plus the second second wavelength range intensity and wherein the current sensor is configured to - that the third irradiation intensity of the electromagnetic radiation of a third wavelength range from 30 cm to 1 mm, i.e. the microwave range, based on the irradiation energy which irradiates the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) and the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) in total, is less than 10% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 5% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 2% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 1% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.5% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.2% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.1% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.05% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.02% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.01% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0,005% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.002% of the total irradiation intensity and / or less than 0.001% of the total irradiation intensity. [4] Current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first position of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) relative to the line of the line (LTG) differs from the second position of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) relative to the at least one line (LTG) in such a way that, at a current value of the at least one electrical current (I LTG ) in the at least one line (LTG) the first amount of the first magnetic flux density (B1) is different from the amount of the second magnetic flux density (B2) and therefore the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1|)) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) from the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2|)) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2). [5] Current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shape of at least the at least one line (LTG) is designed such that, at a current value of the at least one electrical current (I LTG ) in the at least one line (LTG) the first amount of the first magnetic flux density (B1) depends on the amount of the second magnetic flux density (B2) and therefore the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) from the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2|)) of the second sensor element (SE2). [6] Current sensor according to claim 5, wherein as a shape of the at least one electrical line (LTG) the at least one electrical line (LTG) has at least one first meander loop (MSL1) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) and wherein, as a shape of the at least one electrical line (LTG), the at least one electrical line (LTG) has at least one second meander loop (MSL2) of the at least one electrical line (LTG), which is different from the first meander loop (MSL1), and wherein the first meander loop (MSL1) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) has a first line section (LTGa1) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) and a first second line section (LTGb1) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) which is different from the first line section (LTGa1), and wherein the second meander loop (MSL2) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) has a second first line section (LTGa2) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) and a second second line section (LTGb2) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) which is different from the second first line section (LTGa2), and wherein the first line section (LTGa1) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) and the first second line section (LTGb1) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) are electrically connected in series and wherein the second first line section (LTGa2) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) and the second second line section (LTGb2) of the at least one electrical line (LTG) are electrically connected in series and wherein the first line section (LTGa1) of the first meander loop (MSL1) is guided at least in sections substantially parallel to the first second line section (LTGb1) of this first meander loop (MSL1) at a first meander loop distance (b1) and wherein the second first line section (LTGa2) of the second meander loop (MSL2) is guided at least in sections substantially parallel to the second second line section (LTGb2) of this second meander loop (MSL2) at a second meander loop distance (b2) and wherein the first meander loop distance (b1) is different from the second meander loop distance (b2) and wherein the first sensor element (SE1) with the first NV centers (NV1) and / or first paramagnetic centers (NV1) is placed between the first line section (LTGa1) of the first meander loop (MSL1) and the first second line section (LTGb1) of this first meander loop (MSL1) in or on the thus formed first slot (SL1) of this first meander loop (MSL1), and wherein the second sensor element (SE2) with the second NV centers (NV2) and / or second paramagnetic centers (NV2) is placed between the second first line section (LTGa2) of the second meander loop (MSL2) and the second second line section (LTGb2) of this second meander loop (MSL2) in or on the thus formed second slot (SL2) of this second meander loop (MSL2). [7] Current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the current sensor comprises at least one magnetic circuit (MK) and wherein at least one electric current flow of at least one line current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) at least one magnetic excitation (H LTG ) at least into the at least one magnetic circuit (MK) and wherein the shape and / or the composition thereof and / or the material parameters thereof of the device parts of the at least one magnetic circuit (MK) are designed such that the first amount of the first magnetic flux density B1 is different from the amount of the second magnetic flux density B2. [8] Current sensor according to claim 7, wherein the at least one magnetic circuit has one or more respective air gaps (ag1, ag2) and wherein the first sensor element (SE1) and the second sensor element (SE2) are located in one of the plurality of respective air gaps (ag1, ag2). [9] Current sensor according to one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the at least one magnetic circuit has a first air gap (ag1) and wherein the first sensor element (SE1) is located in the first air gap (ag1) and wherein the at least one magnetic circuit has a second air gap (ag2) and wherein the second sensor element (SE2) is located in the second air gap (ag2) and wherein the first air gap (ag1) is different from the second air gap (ag2) and wherein the at least one electrical current flow of the at least one line current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) causes the first magnetic flux density (B1) in the first air gap (ag1), which flows through the first sensor element (SE1) and wherein at least the at least one electrical current flow of the at least one line current (I LTG) at least in the at least one line (LTG) causes the second magnetic flux density (B2) in the second air gap (ag2), which flows through the second sensor element (SE2). [10] Current sensor according to claim 9, wherein the first air gap (ag1) is a first sub-device of a first magnetic partial circuit, which itself is a magnetic circuit (MK) (partial circuit) and is itself a first magnetic partial circuit of the at least one magnetic circuit (MK), and wherein the second air gap (ag2) is a second sub-device of a second magnetic partial circuit, which itself is again a magnetic circuit (MK) (partial circuit) and is itself a second magnetic partial circuit of the at least one magnetic circuit (MK), and wherein the first sensor element (SE1) is positioned relative to at least one line (LTG) in the first air gap (ag1) associated with this first sensor element (SE1) in such a way that at least one line current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) at least one magnetic field with a first flux density (B1) in the first air gap (ag1) is generated, which, with sufficient current intensity of the at least one line current (I LTG ) influences the first optical fluorescence radiation (FL1) of the one or more first NV centers (NV1) and / or the one or more first paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the first sensor element (SE1) in a specific manner relative to this first sensor element (SE1) and wherein the second sensor element (SE2) is positioned relative to at least one line (LTG) in the first air gap (ag1) associated with this second sensor element (SE2) in such a way that at least one line current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) at least one magnetic field with a second flux density (B2) is generated in the second air gap (ag2), which, with sufficient current intensity of the at least one line current (I LTG ) the second optical fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the one or more second NV centers (NV2) and / or the one or more second paramagnetic centers (NV2) of the second sensor element (SE2) is influenced in a specific manner with respect to this second sensor element (SE2), which is different from the respective specific ways of influencing the first sensor element (SE1). [11] Current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the current sensor comprises a computer system (RSYS) with a computer core (µC) and wherein the computer core (µC) is configured to implement a computer and / or machine-implemented method for mapping one or more measured value vectors to at least one measured value of at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least the at least one line (LTG), and where these measured value vectors serve as input values ​​of the computer and / or machine-implemented method and where a measured value vector - in a first possible case ▪ at least one first intensity measurement value (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first fluorescence intensities (I fl1 (|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ at least one second intensity measurement value (I fl2 (|B|)) of the second fluorescence intensities (I fl2((|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and / or - in a second possible case ▪ at least one first intensity measurement value (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first fluorescence intensities (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ each comprises at least one first deceleration measurement value and / or - in a third possible case ▪ at least one first deceleration measurement value and ▪ each comprises at least one second deceleration measurement value and / or - in a fourth possible case ▪ at least one first intensity measurement value (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first fluorescence intensities (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ at least one second intensity measurement value (I fl2 (|B|)) of the second fluorescence intensities (I fl2 (|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ each comprises at least one first deceleration measurement value and / or - in a fifth possible case ▪ at least one first intensity measurement value (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first fluorescence intensities (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ at least one second intensity measurement value (I fl2 (|B|)) of the second fluorescence intensities (I fl2 ((|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ each comprises at least one second deceleration measurement value and / or - in a sixth possible case ▪ at least one first intensity measurement value (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first fluorescence intensities (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ at least one first deceleration measurement value and ▪ each comprises at least one second deceleration measurement value and / or - in a seventh possible case ▪ at least one second intensity measurement value (I fl2 (|B|)) of the second fluorescence intensities (I fl2 (|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ at least one first deceleration measurement value and ▪ each comprises at least one second deceleration measurement value and / or - in an eighth possible case ▪ at least one first intensity measurement value (I fl1 ((|B|)) of the first fluorescence intensities (I fl1 (|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ at least one second intensity measurement value (I fl2 (|B|)) of the second fluorescence intensities (I fl2 (|B|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) and ▪ at least one first deceleration measurement value and ▪ each comprises at least one second deceleration measurement value and / or wherein a measured value vector particularly preferably comprises in each case exactly one first intensity measured value and in each case exactly one second intensity measured value and in each case exactly one first delay measured value and in each case exactly one second delay measured value per line (LTG). [12] Current sensor according to claim 11, wherein the computer system (RSYS) comprises one or more memories (MEM) with a program code stored there at least temporarily and wherein the computer core (µC) is configured to read and execute said program code when it executes said computer- and / or machine-implemented method for mapping one or more measured value vectors to at least one measured value of at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least one line (LTG) and wherein the computer and / or machine-implemented method for mapping one or more measured value vectors to at least one measured value of the at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) comprises a computer and / or machine-implemented method of artificial intelligence, wherein one or more output values ​​of the computer- and / or machine-implemented method for mapping at least one or more measured value vectors to at least one measured value of at least one electrical current (I LTG ) which in the at least one line (LTG) at least one or more measured values ​​of at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least in at least one line (LTG). [13] Current sensor according to claim 12, wherein the computer and / or machine-implemented method for mapping one or more measured value vectors to a measured value of at least the at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) comprises a computer and / or machine-implemented neural network model, the input values ​​of which at least partially correspond to the one or more measured value vectors and the one or more output values ​​of which at least partially correspond to at least one or more measured values ​​of at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least in at least one line (LTG). [14] Current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 13, where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (ILTG ) compared to a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) comprises a first fluorescence intensity range (FIB11) in which each first fluorescence intensity value of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) two first values ​​of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus at least two first values ​​of at least one electric current (I LTG ) are assigned at least in the at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG)) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) compared to a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B1|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) comprises a first second fluorescence intensity range (FIB21), in which each first fluorescence intensity value of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) exactly a first value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus exactly one respective first value of at least the respective at least one electric current (I LTG ) is assigned at least in the respective at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2(|B2|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) compared to a maximum second fluorescence intensity (I flmax2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) comprises a second first fluorescence intensity range (FIB12), in which each second fluorescence intensity value of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) two values ​​of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus two respective second values ​​of at least the respective at least one electric current (I LTG ) are assigned at least in the respective at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG)|) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|) depending on the line current (I LTG ) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) compared to a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) comprises a second second fluorescence intensity range (FIB22) in which each second fluorescence intensity value of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the second sensor element (SE2) exactly a second value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus exactly a respective second value of at least the respective at least one electric current (I LTG ) is assigned at least in the respective at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a first region (BB11) of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) where the value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K1*B1(ln(−Δlfl1(|B1(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax1(|B1(ILTG)|)))(with K1 as the first calibration constant) continuously from 0A to a first reversal point (I LTG1u ) at a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) in the first fluorescence intensity range (FIB11) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG)|)) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a second first region (BB12) of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) in which the value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K2*B2(ln(−Δlfl2(|B2(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax2(|B2(ILTG)|)))(with K2 as the second calibration constant) continuously from 0A to a second reversal point (I LTG2u ) at a maximum second fluorescence intensity (I flmax2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) in the second first fluorescence intensity range (FIB12) increases and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG)|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a first second region (BB21) of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) where the value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K1*B1(ln(−Δlfl1(|B1(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax1(|B1(ILTG)|)))(with K1 as the first calibration constant) continuously from the first reversal point (I LTG1u ) at the maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) up to a first transition current value (I LTG1ü ) in the first fluorescence intensity range (FIB11) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(ILTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a second second region (BB22) of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) in which the value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K2*B2(ln(−Δlfl2(|B2(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax2(|B2(ILTG)|)))(with K2 as the second calibration constant) continuously from the second reversal point (I LTG2u ) at the maximum second fluorescence intensity (I flmax2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) up to a second transition current value (I LTG2ü ) in the second first fluorescence intensity range (FIB12) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG)) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a first third region (BB31) of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) where the value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K1*B1(ln(−Δlfl1(|B1(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax1(|B1(ILTG)|)))(with K1 as the first calibration constant) continuously from the value of the first transition current value (I LTG1ü ) up to the maximum detectable first current value (I LTG1max ), corresponding to a maximum detectable first magnetic flux density (B 1max (I LTG )) in the first second fluorescence intensity range (FIB21) is essentially linear, and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG)|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a second third region (BB32) of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) in which the value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K2*B2(ln(−Δlfl2(|B2(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax2(|B2(ILTG)|)))(with K2 as the second calibration constant) continuously from the value of the second transition current value (I LTG2ü ) up to the maximum detectable second current value (I LTG2max ), corresponding to a second maximum detectable magnetic flux density (B 2max (I LTG )) in the second second fluorescence intensity range (FIB22) essentially linearly, and characterized by that the current sensor is arranged so that the first transition current value (I LTG1ü ) for the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) is located within the first second area (BB21) of the second sensor element (SE2) (formula BB11 + BB12 ≤ BB21). [15] Current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 14, where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) compared to a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) comprises a first fluorescence intensity range (FIB11) in which each first fluorescence intensity value of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(ILTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) two first values ​​of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus two respective first values ​​of at least the at least one electric current (I LTG ) are assigned at least in the respective at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) compared to a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B1|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) comprises a first second fluorescence intensity range (FIB21), in which each first fluorescence intensity value of the first fluorescence intensity (Ifl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) exactly a first value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus exactly one respective first value of at least the respective at least one electric current (I LTG ) is assigned at least in the respective at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) compared to a maximum second fluorescence intensity (I flmax2 (|B2(I LTG)|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) comprises a second first fluorescence intensity range (FIB12), in which each second fluorescence intensity value of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) two values ​​of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus two second values ​​of at least the respective at least one electric current (I LTG ) are assigned at least in the respective at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|) depending on the line current (I LTG ) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG)) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) compared to a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) comprises a second second fluorescence intensity range (FIB22) in which each second fluorescence intensity value of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG )) of the second sensor element (SE2) exactly a second value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus exactly a respective second value of at least the respective at least one electric current (I LTG ) is assigned at least in the respective at least one line (LTG) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG)|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG )) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a first region (BB11) of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) where the value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K1*B1(ln(−Δlfl1(|B1(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax1(|B1(ILTG)|)))(with K1 as the first calibration constant) continuously from 0A to a first reversal point (I LTG1u ) at a maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (| B1(I LTG )|)) in the first fluorescence intensity range (FIB11) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG)) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a second first region (BB12) of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) in which the value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K2*B2(ln(−Δlfl2(|B2(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax2(|B2(ILTG)|)))(with K2 as the second calibration constant) continuously from 0A to a second reversal point (I LTG2u ) at a maximum second fluorescence intensity (I flmax2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) in the second first fluorescence intensity range (FIB12) increases and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG)) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a first second region (BB21) of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) where the value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K1*B1(ln(−Δlfl1(|B1(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax1(|B1(ILTG)|)))(with K1 as the first calibration constant) continuously from the first reversal point (I LTG1u ) at the maximum first fluorescence intensity (I flmax1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) up to a first transition current value (I LTG1ü ) in the first fluorescence intensity range (FIB11) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2(I LTG)) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a second second region (BB22) of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) in which the value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K2*B2(ln(−Δlfl2(|B2(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax2(|B2(ILTG)|)))(with K2 as the second calibration constant) continuously from the second reversal point (I LTG2u ) at the maximum second fluorescence intensity (I flmax2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) up to a second transition current value (I LTG2ü ) in the second first fluorescence intensity range (FIB12) and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first fluorescence radiation (FL1(I LTG)) of the isotropic first sensor element (SE1) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a first third region (BB31) of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) where the value of the magnitude of the first magnetic flux density (B1(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K1*B1(ln(−Δlfl1(|B1(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax1(|B1(ILTG)|)))(with K1 as the first calibration constant) continuously from the value of the first transition current value (I LTG1ü ) up to the maximum detectable first current value (I LTG1max ), corresponding to a maximum detectable first magnetic flux density (B 1max (I LTG )) in the first second fluorescence intensity range (FIB21) is essentially linear, and where the attenuation curve (ΔI fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG)|)) of the second fluorescence radiation (FL2) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2) as a function of the line current (I LTG ) a second third region (BB32) of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) in which the value of the magnitude of the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) and thus the proportional line current (I LTG ) as a function ILTG=K2*B2(ln(−Δlfl2(|B2(ILTG)|)+ΔIflmax2(|B2(ILTG)|)))(with K2 as the second calibration constant) continuously from the value of the second transition current value (I LTG2ü ) up to the maximum detectable second current value (I LTG2max ), corresponding to a second maximum detectable magnetic flux density (B 2max (I LTG )) in the second second fluorescence intensity range (FIB22) essentially linearly, and wherein the current sensor is configured to - at least the at least one current intensity of the at least one electric current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) by means of the first fluorescence intensity (I fl 1(|B1(I LTG )|)) of the first sensor element (SE1) when the first fluorescence intensity (I fl 1(|B1(I LTG )|)) is located in the first fluorescence intensity range (FIB11) of the first isotropic sensor element (SE1), and, - when the first fluorescence intensity (I fl 1(|B1(I LTG )|)) is located in the first second fluorescence intensity range (FIB21) of the first isotropic sensor element (SE1), at least the current intensity of the at least one electric current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) by means of the second fluorescence intensity (I fl2 (|B2(I LTG)|)) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2), wherein the sensor system is designed such that under this condition the second magnetic flux density (B2(I LTG )) is located in the second first area (BB12) of the isotropic second sensor element (SE2). [16] Electronic fuse with a current sensor according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the electronic fuse comprises a control device (CTR) with a computer system (RSYS) with a computer core (µC) and where the computer core (µC) depends - of one or more determined values ​​of at least one electrical current (I LTG ) at least in the at least one line (LTG) and / or - of one or more determined or estimated values ​​of the at least one electrical power (P) transported in at least one line (LTG) LTG ) and / or - of one or more values ​​of one or more intensities (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|), I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) one of the several fluorescent radiations (FL1, FL2) of one or more sensor elements of the sensor elements (SE1, SE2) and / or - of one or more values ​​of one or more phase delays (Δ fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|), (Δ fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|),) of the respective temporal course of one or more intensities (I fl1 (|B1(I LTG )|), I fl2 (|B2(I LTG )|)) one of the several fluorescence radiations (FL1, FL2) of one or more sensor elements of the sensor elements (SE1, SE2) against the respective temporal course of the intensity (I pmp (t)) of the pump radiation (LB) and / or - of one or more values ​​derived from these, in particular by logarithmization, squaring and / or temporal integration and / or multiplication by constants and / or other filtering closes and / or opens at least one switch (T2) which is inserted into the at least one line (LTG). [17] Electronic fuse according to claim 16, wherein the electronic fuse is designed to actuate the switch (T2) by means of optical control radiation (SB) as an optical switching signal.

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