Measuring system

Abstract

The measuring system comprises a sensor (10) for detecting at least one measured quantity of a fluid substance and (measuring system) electronics (20) electrically connected to the sensor (10), comprising a signal converter circuit, an evaluation circuit, and a power supply circuit. The signal converter circuit includes two signal amplifiers (OPV1, OPV2) for amplifying a measurement signal provided by the sensor.The signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate in at least two different (signal conversion) power-converting operating modes (AD-I; AD-II), namely in its operating mode (AD-I) to operate the signal amplifier (OPV1) with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is no more than a first amplifier power limit, and in its operating mode (AD-II) to operate the signal amplifier (OPV2) with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is more than a second amplifier power limit, which is greater than the first amplifier power limit.

Description

The invention relates to an (industrial) measuring system for measuring one or more measured quantities of a fluid medium guided in a (connected) pressure device. In industrial metrology, measuring systems (mains powered and / or battery operated) are used to record measured quantities, for example density, viscosity, mass flow and / or volume flow, of fluid substances, in particular (technical) gases, liquids or dispersions, which are guided or at least temporarily flowing in pressure equipment, for example as (pipe) lines or as (process) containers and / or which comply with Directive 2014 / 68 / EU. These systems typically consist of a (physical-to-electrical or electrical-to-physical-to-electrical) sensor and (measuring system) electronics electrically connected to the respective sensor. Examples of such systems include (vibronic) measuring systems designed as (Coriolis) mass flow meters and / or volume flow meters and / or density meters and / or viscosity meters. Examples of such measurement systems include, among others:described in US-B 67 99 476, US-B 72 00 503 and US-B 85 25 560 respectively. The sensor of each of the aforementioned devices is configured to be connected (fluidically) to the pressure vessel or inserted into its flow path, for example, by means of a (standard) flange connection. Furthermore, the sensor is configured to acquire at least one measured quantity (during operation of the measuring system) and convert it into one or more dependent electrical measurement signals. To process the at least one measurement signal, the (measuring system) electronics, which may also be implemented using one or more microprocessors, comprise a signal converter circuit that is electrically connected to the sensor, and an evaluation circuit that is electrically connected to the signal converter circuit.The signal converter circuit is specifically designed to receive at least one measurement signal and convert it into at least one digital signal, while the evaluation circuit is configured to receive and evaluate the at least one digital signal, namely to determine (digital) measured values ​​for at least one measured quantity using the at least one digital signal. To amplify the at least one measurement signal, the signal converter circuit typically includes at least one corresponding signal amplifier. To supply the signal converter circuit and evaluation circuit, as well as any other circuits of the (measuring system) electronics, with electrical energy or power, the (measuring system) electronics also include a power supply circuit (electrically connected to both the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit). This power supply circuit is designed to draw electrical power from at least one energy source – internal or external – such as a (measuring system external) power grid and / or a (measuring system internal) battery. This power supply is intended to cover at least part or all of the respective (power) requirements of the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit, which may be adjustable during operation. This is particularly important in the aforementioned case where the measuring system is used as a (Coriolis) mass current measuring device or...If the (Coriolis) mass flow / density measuring device is designed, a further circuit of the (measuring system) electronics, as shown in the diagram, may be a driver circuit electrically connected to the supply circuit, which is in particular designed to supply electrical (excitation) power (serving to effect a (physical) measurement effect in the measured material which is dependent on at least one measured quantity), for example with an adjustable electrical (excitation) current and / or an adjustable electrical (excitation) voltage, to the measuring sensor. As discussed in the aforementioned US-B 67 99 476, US-B 72 00 503 and US-B 85 25 560, the electrical (nominal) power supplied by the aforementioned energy source (or the total electrical power supplied by the power supply circuit), and thus the maximum electrical power convertible by the signal converter and evaluation circuits, can regularly be limited to a (nominal) power limit of less than 2000 mW in measuring systems of the type in question; this applies in particular even if the (measuring system) electronics, and thus the measuring system formed by it, are intrinsically safe by means of appropriate power-limiting measures (in accordance with the international standard IEC 60079-11:2023-01). Not least in the case that the measuring system is a (4-20 mA) two-wire measuring system or measuring device powered via a current loop, in which the (measuring system) electronics orSince the electrical (loop) current supplied to the measuring system thus formed also serves to output the respective current measured value, the (currently) available electrical power, namely the total electrical power that can be implemented by the (measuring system) electronics (currently), may occasionally be reduced to 100 mW or less. Such a limitation of the power budget is also taken into account in the design of the signal converter circuit; this is done in particular by ensuring that the inherent noise generated by the signal converter circuit itself, and not least by its respective signal amplifiers for the one or more measurement signals (independent of the measurement signal or even when the circuit input is not connected), is kept as low as possible within the specified measurement and power range. This is done, for example, to avoid excessive interference in the aforementioned digital signal (provided by the signal converter circuit) even at low available electrical power. Signal converter circuits of the type in question are typically designed to operate at this level across the entire (nominal) measurement range.any available electrical power, thus exhibiting a disturbance level of at most approximately 10 nV / √Hz to 15 nV / √Hz both at minimum measured values ​​and minimum electrical power as well as at maximum measured values ​​and maximum electrical power. However, further investigations have shown that such interference levels (in the order of about 10 to 15 nV / √Hz) can lead to increased, and possibly unacceptable, measurement errors for measured values ​​in the upper (nominal) measurement range; this is especially true if the measured quantity also exhibits strong fluctuations in this measurement range. Starting from the aforementioned prior art, one object of the invention is to improve measuring instruments of the aforementioned type in such a way that the (circuit) intrinsic noise generated in the signal converter circuit exhibits low noise levels of less than 10 nV / √Hz, at least at high measured values, in particular above 80% of a (nominal) full-scale value, and also sufficiently low noise levels of no more than 10 nV / √Hz at low available electrical power for the signal converter circuit of less than 100 mW or at low measured values. To solve this problem, the invention comprises a measuring system, for example, a mains-powered and / or battery-operated and / or intrinsically safe (vibronic) measuring system compliant with the international standard IEC 60079-11:2023-01 (Ex-i) and / or designed as a (Coriolis) mass flow meter and / or as a volume flow meter and / or as a density meter and / or as a viscosity meter, for measuring one or more measurands, for example, density, viscosity, mass flow and / or volume flow, of a fluid medium, for example, a gas, liquid or dispersion, guided in a (connected to it), for example, a (pipe) conduit or as a (process) vessel and / or compliant with Directive 2014 / 68 / EU, which measuring system comprises: • a, for example, a physical-to-electrical or electrical-to-physical-to-electrical,Measuring sensor; • and intrinsically safe (measuring system) electronics electrically connected to the measuring sensor, for example by means of one or more microprocessors and / or (compliant with the international standard IEC 60079-11:2023-01) comprising a signal converter circuit, an evaluation circuit, and a power supply circuit; • wherein the measuring sensor is configured to be (fluidically) connected to the pressure vessel or inserted into the pressure vessel's flow path, for example by means of a flange connection; • and wherein the measuring sensor is configured to detect at least one measured quantity and convert it into at least one dependent (first) electrical measurement signal; • wherein the power supply circuit is electrically connected to both the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit and is configured to be supplied by at least one energy source, for example an external energy source and / or an internal energy source.to draw electrical power and thereby at least partially, for example predominantly or completely, cover a respective (power) demand of the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit, which can be adjusted during operation, for example, in such a way that the electrical power (drawn from at least one energy source) and / or the total electrical (useful) power provided (by the supply circuit) is limited at least temporarily to less than 2000 mW (milliwatts); • wherein the signal converter circuit is coupled to the sensor via signal technology, for example, by being electrically connected to the sensor, and wherein the signal converter circuit is configured to receive the at least one (first) measurement signal and convert it into a (first) digital signal; • wherein the evaluation circuit is coupled to the signal converter circuit via signal technology,for example, is electrically connected, • and wherein the evaluation circuit is configured to receive and evaluate the (first) digital signal, namely to determine digital measured values ​​for at least one measured quantity using the at least one (first) digital signal; • wherein the signal converter circuit is configured to operate in a first operating mode (which can be activated during operation of the measuring system), in which the signal converter circuit converts electrical (signal conversion) power (provided by the power supply circuit) that does not exceed a predetermined first signal conversion power limit, for example, adjustable during operation of the measuring system and / or less than 100 mW and / or less than 25% of the total electrical (useful) power provided; • and wherein the signal converter circuit is configured to operate in a second operating mode (which can be activated during operation of the measuring system).in which the signal converter circuit converts electrical (signal conversion) power (provided by the power supply circuit) which is not less than a predetermined second signal conversion power limit, for example, adjustable during operation of the measuring system and / or exceeding 100 mW and / or exceeding 10% of the total electrical (useful) power provided; • wherein the signal converter circuit has first and second signal amplifiers for amplifying the (first) measurement signal, for example, each operable with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power of less than 200 mW; • and wherein the signal converter circuit is configured to operate the first signal amplifier in its first operating mode with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power not exceeding a first amplifier power limit, for example, less than 10 mW, which is lower than the first signal conversion power limit.for example, to operate the first signal amplifier and not to operate or switch off the second signal amplifier, and in their second operating mode to operate the second signal amplifier with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is greater than a second amplifier power limit, for example, not less than 10 mW, which is lower than the second signal conversion power limit, for example, to operate the second signal amplifier and not to operate or switch off the first signal amplifier; • wherein the second signal conversion power limit is greater than the first signal conversion power limit, for example, by not less than 100 mW and / or in a ratio of not less than 2:1, • and wherein the second amplifier power limit is greater than the first signal conversion power limit, for example, by not less than 100 mW and / or in a ratio of not less than 2:1,is greater than the first amplifier power limit. According to a first embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor is configured to detect the at least one measured quantity and convert it into at least one dependent second electrical measuring signal, and that the signal converter circuit is configured to receive the at least one second measuring signal and convert it into a second digital signal. According to a second embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the first signal amplifier (operated in the first operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power not exceeding the first amplifier power limit) has, for example, a minimal (input) voltage noise that, for example, within a frequency range between 10 Hz and 1 kHz, is no more than 15 nV / √Hz, for example, no more than 10 nV / √Hz and / or more than 7 nV / √Hz, and / or is lower than, for example, a minimal (input) voltage noise that the second signal amplifier would have or has if the second signal amplifier is operated in the first operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power not exceeding the first amplifier power limit. According to a third embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the second signal amplifier (operated in the second operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power above the second amplifier power limit) has a minimal (input) voltage noise which, for example within a frequency range between 10 Hz and 1 kHz, is no more than 6 nV / √Hz and / or is lower than a minimal (input) voltage noise that the first signal amplifier would have or has if the first signal amplifier is operated in the second operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power above the second amplifier power limit. According to a fourth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the second signal conversion power limit is more than 200% of the first signal conversion power limit. According to a fifth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the second amplifier power limit, for example more than 50% and / or more than 100 mW, is greater than the first signal conversion power limit. According to a sixth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the signal converter circuit is configured in which the second signal amplifier is switched off at least temporarily in the first operating mode, for example in such a way that the (first) measurement signal is not amplified by means of the second signal amplifier during the entire first operating mode. According to a seventh embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the signal converter circuit is configured in whose second operating mode the first signal amplifier is switched off at least temporarily, for example in such a way that the (first) measurement signal is not amplified by means of the first signal amplifier during the entire second operating mode. According to an eighth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the signal converter circuit is configured in whose second operating mode the first signal amplifier is operated at least temporarily, for example simultaneously with the second signal amplifier, with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is greater than a third amplifier power limit, for example not exceeding 10 mW, for example such that the (first) measurement signal is amplified at least temporarily during the second operating mode (forming a combination signal) by means of both the first signal amplifier and the second signal amplifier and / or that the third amplifier power limit is not less than the first amplifier power limit. According to a ninth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the supply circuit is configured to control the signal converter circuit, for example, in such a way that the supply circuit is configured to selectively activate one of the first and second operating modes of the signal converter circuit. According to a tenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the supply circuit is configured to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit. According to an eleventh embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the evaluation circuit is configured to control the signal converter circuit, for example to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit. According to a twelfth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the evaluation circuit is configured to control the supply circuit, for example, to selectively (de)activate one or more operating modes of the supply circuit. According to a thirteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the supply circuit is configured to receive and process digital (useful) data from the evaluation circuit, for example, containing measured values ​​representing at least one measured quantity and / or parameter values ​​controlling the supply circuit, for example, to selectively (de)activate one or more operating modes of the supply circuit based on the (useful) data and / or to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit based on the (useful) data. According to a fourteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the evaluation circuit is set up to determine (state) parameter values ​​for at least one (measured substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure device, for example a degree of turbulence and / or a degree of (in)homogeneity, based on the at least one (first) digital signal, for example for selectively (de)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit depending on the (measured substance) state variable or the (state) parameter values. According to a fifteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the supply circuit is arranged to be electrically connected to an (external measuring system) electrical energy source by means of a, for example, 2-wire connection cable. According to a sixteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the supply circuit has at least one (electrochemical) energy storage device for electrical energy, for example a supercapacitor and / or a (lithium-ion) accumulator and / or a (lithium-thionyl) battery, which serves as an energy source and is, for example, rechargeable. According to a seventeenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the signal converter circuit has at least one control input for selectively activating its first and / or second operating modes. According to an eighteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the signal converter circuit has at least one control input for selectively activating its first and / or second operating modes and that the evaluation circuit has at least one control output coupled to the at least one control input of the signal converter circuit, wherein the evaluation circuit is configured to transmit one or more parameter values ​​selectively (de-)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit to the signal converter circuit via said control output. According to a nineteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the signal converter circuit has at least one control input for selectively activating its first and / or second operating modes and that the supply circuit has at least one control output coupled to the at least one control input of the signal converter circuit, wherein the supply circuit is configured to transmit one or more parameter values ​​to the signal converter circuit via said control output, selectively (de)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit. According to a twentieth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the signal converter circuit has at least one control input for selectively activating its first and / or second operating modes, wherein the signal converter circuit is configured to operate selectively in one of its first and / or second operating modes depending on (user) data received via control input, in particular to switch automatically from the first operating mode to the second operating mode and / or to switch automatically from the second operating mode to the first operating mode. According to a twenty-first embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor has a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or comprising or forming at least one (tubular) vibration element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end. According to a twenty-second embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor has a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or comprising or forming at least one (tubular) vibrating element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, wherein the transducer arrangement (of the measuring sensor) is configured, for example by forming a flow channel involving its lumen and / or by means of a flange connection, to be (fluidically) connected to or inserted into a pressure vessel, for example designed as a (pipe) line or as a (process) vessel and / or compliant with Directive 2014 / 68 / EU, and (during operation of the measuring system) to at least temporarily contact the measured medium.to be led, for example, to be at least temporarily through which the measured substance flows, and during this time (to effect a measurement effect dependent on the at least one measured quantity) to interact with the measured substance or to cause at least one measurement effect dependent on the at least one measured quantity (in the measured substance). According to a twenty-third embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor has a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or comprising or formed with at least one (tubular) vibration element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, and that the at least one (first) measuring signal represents mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement, for example namely a velocity of vibrational movements of the transducer arrangement. According to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor has a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or comprising or forming at least one (tubular) vibration element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, and that the evaluation circuit is configured to determine (damping) parameter values ​​quantifying the damping of mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement on the basis of the at least one (first) digital signal, for example, using one or more damping (damping) parameter values ​​to determine (state) parameter values ​​for a (measuring) substance state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure device. According to a twenty-fifth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor has a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or comprising or formed by at least one (tubular) vibrating element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, wherein the transducer arrangement has a vibrating element, for example comprising or formed by at least one (measuring) tube, which vibrating element is arranged to be contacted by the measuring medium, for example namely by means of a (measuring) tube.through which a current flows, and during which it is subjected to vibration, for example, by performing at least partial (forced) mechanical oscillations with at least one (corresponding to an instantaneous resonant frequency of the sensor and / or not less than 50 Hz (Hertz) and / or not more than 2 kHz) operating frequency. Further developing this embodiment of the invention, it is also provided that the at least one (first) measuring signal represents mechanical oscillations of the vibrating element, for example, a velocity of oscillatory movements of the vibrating element. According to a twenty-sixth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor comprises a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or forming at least one (tubular) vibration element, with a lumen extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, and an exciter arrangement, formed for example by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration exciter, coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics, wherein the transducer arrangement comprises a vibration element, for example at least one (measuring) tube, which vibration element is arranged to be contacted by the measured medium, for example by means of a (measuring) tube.through which a current flows, and during which it is allowed to vibrate, for example, by performing at least partial (forced) mechanical vibrations with at least one (corresponding to an instantaneous resonance frequency of the sensor and / or not less than 50 Hz (Hertz) and / or not more than 2 kHz) useful frequency.In this further development of the invention, it is further provided that the excitation arrangement is configured to convert supplied electrical (excitation) power into (actively) exciting mechanical (measuring) power that serves to effect a measurement effect dependent on at least one measured quantity (of the transducer arrangement), for example, non-electrical and / or forced mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement, and / or that the excitation arrangement has at least one vibration exciter, for example, electrodynamic or piezoelectric, which vibration exciter is configured to convert supplied electrical (excitation) power into forced mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement, for example, a vibration element of the transducer arrangement around a static rest position. According to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor comprises a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or forming at least one (tubular) vibration element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, and an exciter arrangement, for example formed by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration exciter, coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics, wherein the transducer arrangement comprises a vibration element, for example at least one (measuring) tube, which vibration element is arranged to be contacted by the measured medium, for example by flowing around or through it, and to be vibrated during this time.for example, namely, at least partially (forced) mechanical vibrations with at least one (corresponding to an instantaneous resonance frequency of the sensor and / or not less than 50 Hz (Hertz) and / or not more than 2 kHz) useful frequency, and wherein the evaluation circuit is set up to determine quantifying (dispersion) parameter values ​​using the at least one (first) digital signal as a measure of dispersion of a (mechanical) resonance frequency of the transducer arrangement.For example, to determine (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying the dispersion measure of at least one resonance frequency for a (measuring substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel, and / or to determine (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying a dispersion measure of a vibration amplitude of vibrational movements of the transducer arrangement using at least one (first) digital signal, for example, to determine (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying the dispersion measure of at least one vibration amplitude for a (measuring substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel, and / or to determine (damping) parameter values ​​quantifying a damping of mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement using at least one (first) digital signal.for example, to determine (state) parameter values ​​for a (measured) state variable characterizing the medium carried in the pressure vessel, using one or more damping-quantifying (damping) parameter values. According to a twenty-eighth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor has a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or comprising or formed with at least one (tubular) vibration element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, and an exciter arrangement, for example formed by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration exciter, which is coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics. According to a twenty-ninth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring system electronics have a driver circuit electrically connected to the supply circuit, which is configured to supply electrical (excitation) power (serving to effect a (physical) measurement effect in the measured material which depends on at least one measured quantity), for example with an adjustable electrical (excitation) current and / or an adjustable electrical (excitation) voltage, to the measuring sensor. According to a thirtieth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring sensor has, for example, a tubular and / or at least one (tubular) vibration element.a (flow) transducer arrangement formed by this, with a lumen extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, and an excitation arrangement formed, for example by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration exciter, which is coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics, that the measuring system electronics have a driver circuit electrically connected to the supply circuit, which is configured to supply electrical (excitation) power, for example with an adjustable electrical (excitation) current and / or an adjustable electrical (excitation) voltage, to the sensor (serving to effect a (physical) measurement effect in the measured material that is dependent on the at least one measured quantity).Further developing this embodiment of the invention, the driver circuit is configured to energize the excitation arrangement, namely to feed an electrical driver signal into the excitation arrangement, for example, having a predefinable and / or an instantaneous (mechanical) resonance frequency of the transducer arrangement or of the sensor formed therewith, corresponding to a signal frequency and / or a predefinable signal amplitude, such that the transducer arrangement causes at least one (physical) measuring effect in the measured material that depends on at least one measured quantity, for example, detectable by a sensor arrangement of the transducer, for example, at least partially forced mechanical vibrations with at least one, for example, an instantaneous resonance frequency of the transducer arrangement or of the sensor formed therewith.the measuring sensor formed thereby performs at a frequency corresponding to and / or not less than 50 Hz (Hertz) and / or not more than 2 kHz, and the first measurement signal is at least partially dependent on the measurement effect.Advantageously, the evaluation circuit can also be configured to determine damping parameter values ​​quantifying the damping of mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement based on the driver signal, for example, based on the driver signal (e1) and the at least one (first) digital signal, for example, using one or more damping parameter values ​​quantifying the damping, state parameter values ​​for a state variable characterizing the measured substance, and / or based on the driver signal, for example, based on the driver signal and the at least one (first) digital signal, state parameter values ​​for at least one state variable characterizing the measured substance, for example, a degree of turbulence and / or a degree of (in)homogeneity. According to a thirty-first embodiment of the invention, the measuring transducer further comprises a (flow) transducer arrangement, for example tubular and / or comprising or formed by at least one (tubular) vibration element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end, and a sensor arrangement, for example formed by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration sensor, which is coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics. Further developing this embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the sensor arrangement is configured to detect a measuring effect (of the measured substance or medium) that depends on the at least one measured quantity.the transducer arrangement), for example, to detect (mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement dependent on at least one measured quantity) and to convert them into a (first) measurement signal representing a measurement effect, for example, a velocity of vibrational movements of the transducer arrangement, and / or that the sensor arrangement has at least one (electrodynamic, opto-electronic or piezo-electric) vibration sensor, which vibration sensor is configured to detect (forced) mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement, for example, of a (tubular) vibration element of the transducer arrangement around a static rest position, and to convert them into the at least one (first) measurement signal, for example, to provide an electrical (alternating) voltage suitable as a measurement signal.For example, the aforementioned vibration sensor can be configured to detect mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement, for example, of a vibration element of the sensor arrangement around a static rest position, and to convert the (first) measurement signal in such a way that the measurement signal represents mechanical vibrations of the sensor arrangement, for example, a velocity of vibrational movements of a vibration element of the sensor arrangement. According to a thirty-second embodiment of the invention, the power supply circuit is further configured to operate, at least temporarily, in a (first) operating mode in which the power supplied by the energy source is limited to a nominal power limit, for example, not exceeding 2000 mW (milliwatts), and / or in which the total (useful) power supplied by the power supply circuit to the signal converter and evaluation circuits is limited to a useful power limit, for example, less than 2000 mW. Further developing this embodiment of the invention, the signal converter circuit is also configured to operate in its first operating mode while the power supply circuit operates in its first operating mode, and / or to operate in its second operating mode while the power supply circuit operates in its first operating mode. According to a thirty-third embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the power supply circuit is configured to operate, at least temporarily, in a (first) operating mode in which the power (supplied by the energy source) is limited to a nominal power limit, for example, not exceeding 2000 mW (milliwatts), and / or in which the total (useful) power provided by the power supply circuit for the signal converter and evaluation circuits is limited to a useful power limit, for example, less than 2000 mW, and that the power supply circuit is configured to operate, at least temporarily, in a second operating mode in which the electrical power (supplied by the energy source) is higher than the nominal power limit, for example, at least temporarily exceeding 2000 mW.and / or in which the total electrical (useful) power supplied (by the power supply circuit) to the signal converter and evaluation circuits is higher than the useful power limit, for example, at least temporarily exceeding 2000 mW. Further developing this embodiment of the invention, the signal converter circuit is also configured to operate in its first operating mode while the power supply circuit operates in its second operating mode, and / or to operate in its second operating mode while the power supply circuit operates in its second operating mode. According to a thirty-fourth embodiment of the invention, the measuring system electronics further comprise an interface circuit, for example a two-wire interface circuit, for example for receiving electrical (mains) power (externally supplied to the measuring system) and / or for receiving control data for the measuring system (externally generated by the measuring system and / or containing commands for the measuring system electronics) and / or for transmitting measurement data (containing measured values ​​representing at least one measured quantity). Further developing this embodiment, it is also provided that the supply circuit and / or evaluation circuit is configured to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit and / or the driver circuit based on control data received via the interface circuit (externally generated by the measuring system and / or containing commands for the measuring system electronics).Alternatively or additionally, the measuring system electronics can also be configured to be integrated into a current loop involving (measuring system external and / or remote) evaluation and supply electronics by means of the (two-wire) interface circuit. According to a thirty-fifth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring system electronics also have an interface circuit, for example a two-wire interface circuit, for example for obtaining (measuring system externally provided) electrical (mains) power and / or for receiving (measuring system externally generated and / or containing commands for the measuring system electronics) control data for the measuring system and / or for sending (measurement values ​​representing at least one measured quantity) measurement data and that the measuring system electronics are configured to be integrated, by means of the (two-wire) interface circuit, into a current loop involving (measuring system external and / or remote) evaluation and supply electronics.Further developing this design, it is also provided that the supply circuit is electrically connected to the (two-wire) interface circuit and configured to draw electrical (mains) power from the current loop via the (two-wire) interface circuit, for example, to draw electrical (mains) power exclusively from the current loop, and / or it is provided that the measuring system electronics transmit measurement data generated by the evaluation circuit, for example, mass flow measurement values ​​representing a mass flow rate of the measured substance, density measurement values ​​representing a density of the measured substance, or viscosity measurement values ​​representing a viscosity of the measured substance, to the evaluation and supply electronics, for example, by modulating a (loop) current flowing in the (two-wire) interface circuit.Alternatively or additionally, the evaluation circuit can be signal-coupled to the (two-wire) interface circuit and also be configured to adjust the current of a (loop) current flowing in the (two-wire) interface circuit, for example within a current range between 4 mA and 20 mA, for example by load modulation and / or depending on digital (user) data transmitted by the evaluation circuit, and / or the evaluation and supply electronics can provide the (measuring system external) electrical energy source or supply the electrical (mains) power required by the measuring system electronics. The invention and advantageous embodiments thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figure of the drawing. Further advantageous embodiments or developments, in particular combinations of aspects of the invention initially described only individually, will also become apparent from the figures of the drawing and / or from the claims themselves. In detail: Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a measuring system according to the invention. Figure 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a measuring system for measuring one or more measurands x, for example, density, viscosity, mass flow rate, and / or volumetric flow rate, of a fluid medium, such as a gas, liquid, or dispersion, flowing in a pressure vessel (connected to the measuring system), in particular a (pipe) line or process vessel, and / or a pressure vessel compliant with Directive 2014 / 68 / EU. The measuring system can, for example, be a (vibronic) measuring system designed as a (Coriolis) mass flow meter, a volumetric flow meter, a density meter, and / or a viscosity meter. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring system can also be, for example, a mains-powered and / or battery-operated and / or intrinsically safe measuring system compliant with the international standard IEC 60079-11:2023-01 (Ex-i). The measuring system comprises a sensor 10, for example a (passive) physical-to-electrical or (active) electrical-to-physical-to-electrical, and intrinsically safe (measuring system) electronics electrically connected to the sensor 10, in particular by means of one or more microprocessors and / or (compliant with the international standard IEC 60079-11:2023-01). The sensor 10 is specifically designed to be connected (fluidically) to the pressure vessel or inserted into the pressure vessel's flow path, for example by means of a flange connection, and furthermore to acquire at least one measured quantity and convert it into at least one dependent (first) electrical measurement signal s1. In a further embodiment, the sensor 10 is also configured to detect at least one measured quantity and convert it into at least one dependent second electrical measurement signal s2. As is quite common with such measuring devices, the (measuring system) electronics can be housed in a corresponding (electronics) housing 200 (of the measuring system) and / or the sensor 10 can be housed in a (sensor) housing 100 (of the measuring device), which, for example, can also be (removably) attached to the aforementioned electronics housing. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the sensor comprises a (flow) transducer arrangement 11, for example tubular and / or formed by means of at least one (tubular) vibrating element, with a lumen enclosed by a wall, for example made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end. Advantageously, the transducer arrangement (of the sensor) can be configured, in particular by forming a flow channel involving its lumen and / or by means of a flange connection, to be (fluidically) connected to or inserted into the aforementioned pressure device. Furthermore, the (flow) transducer arrangement 11 can be provided and configured to at least temporarily contact or guide the measured medium (during operation of the measuring system), in particular...namely, to be at least temporarily permeated by the measured substance, and during this time (to effect a measurement effect dependent on the at least one measured quantity) to interact with the measured substance or to effect at least one measurement effect (in the measured substance) that is dependent on the at least one measured quantity. To detect the aforementioned measurement effect, the measuring sensor 10, according to a further embodiment of the invention, has a sensor arrangement that is coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics 20, which is in particular configured to detect at least one measurement effect (of the measured substance or the transducer arrangement) that is dependent on the at least one measured quantity and to convert it into the at least one measurement signal s1, such that the measurement signal s1 represents the same measurement effect.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the transducer arrangement comprises a vibrating element 111, formed, for example, by means of at least one (measuring) tube, which is configured to be contacted by the measured medium, in particular by flowing around or through it, and to vibrate during this process; this is done in such a way that the (measuring medium-contacting) vibrating element 111 performs at least partial (forced and / or dependent on the at least one measured quantity) mechanical vibrations with at least one (corresponding to an instantaneous resonant frequency fR of the transducer arrangement or of the sensor 10 formed therewith and / or not less than 50 Hz (Hertz) and / or not more than 2 kHz) operating frequency. Accordingly, the at least one measuring signal s1 can, for example, also be mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement, in particular a (correlated with measuring effects orThe sensor arrangement for detecting the mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement (dependent on the at least one measured quantity) comprises, according to a further embodiment of the invention, at least one (electrodynamic, optoelectronic, or piezoelectric) vibration sensor 51, which is configured to detect (forced) mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement, in particular of the aforementioned vibration element, and to convert them into the at least one measurement signal s1, for example, by providing an electrical (alternating) voltage suitable as measurement signal s1, such that the measurement signal s1 represents a velocity of vibrations of the vibration element.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring sensor 10 has an excitation arrangement, formed for example by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration exciter 41, which is coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics 20, and which is set up in the special excitation arrangement to convert the electrical (excitation) power supplied to the transducer arrangement into mechanical (measuring) power that is useful for producing a measurement effect dependent on the at least one measured quantity (of the transducer arrangement), in particular non-electrical and / or forced mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement.Not least in the aforementioned case, where the measuring system is a vibronic measuring system, for example designed as a (Coriolis) mass flow meter and / or as a volume flow meter and / or as a density meter and / or as a viscosity meter, the excitation arrangement can have at least one, for example electrodynamic or piezoelectric, vibration exciter 41, which is configured to convert electrical (excitation) power fed into the excitation arrangement into forced mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement, in particular of the aforementioned (tubular) vibration element of the transducer arrangement, in order to (actively) excite mechanical power from a static rest position. To process the measurement signal s1, the (measuring system) electronics comprise a signal converter circuit coupled to the sensor, in particular electrically connected to the sensor, and an evaluation circuit coupled to the signal converter circuit, in particular electrically connected. The signal converter circuit is configured to receive the at least one measurement signal s1 and convert it into a (first) digital signal d1, while the evaluation circuit is configured to receive and evaluate the digital signal d1, namely to determine digital measured values ​​for at least one measured quantity using the at least one digital signal d1.In the aforementioned case where the sensor 10 is configured to also provide the measurement signal s2, the signal converter circuit can further be configured to also receive the measurement signal s2 and convert it into a second digital signal d2, for example, to determine digital measured values ​​for at least one measured quantity also based on the digital signal d2. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation circuit DSV is further configured to determine (state) parameter values ​​for at least one (measured) state quantity characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure device, for example, a degree of turbulence and / or a degree of (in)homogeneity (GVF), based on the at least one digital signal d1. To amplify the measurement signal s1, the signal converter circuit according to the invention comprises a first signal amplifier OPV1, which can be operated in particular with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power of less than 200 mW, and a second signal amplifier OPV2, which can be operated in particular with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power of less than 200 mW. In the aforementioned case where the at least one measurement signal s1 represents mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement, the evaluation circuit DSV can advantageously be further configured to determine, using the at least one digital signal d1, (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying a dispersion measure of a (mechanical) resonance frequency of the transducer arrangement and / or a dispersion measure of a vibration amplitude of vibrational movements of the transducer arrangement, for example, to determine, using one or more (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying the dispersion measure of the at least one resonance frequency or using one or more (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying the dispersion measure of the at least one vibration amplitude, one or more (state) parameter values ​​for at least one (measuring substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel.Alternatively or additionally, the evaluation circuit DSV can also be configured to determine (damping) parameter values ​​quantifying the damping of mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement on the basis of at least one digital signal d1, for example, to determine (state) parameter values ​​for a (measuring) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure device using one or more damping quantifying (damping) parameter values. To supply the signal converter circuit and evaluation circuit, as well as any other circuits of the (measuring system) electronics, with electrical energy, or to provide the electrical power required for the operation of the signal converter circuit and evaluation circuit, the (measuring system) electronics also has a supply circuit that is electrically connected to both the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit. The power supply circuit is specifically designed to draw electrical power from at least one energy source, for example, an external energy source of the measuring system and / or an energy source of the measuring system itself, and thus to cover at least partially, and in particular predominantly or completely, the respective (power) demand of the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit, which can be adapted, for example, during operation (of the measuring system); this is also done in such a way that the electrical power (drawn from at least one energy source) and / or the total electrical (useful) power provided (by the power supply circuit) is limited, at least temporarily, to less than 2000 mW (milliwatts). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring system electronics 20 also comprises a driver circuit electrically connected to the supply circuit, which is configured to supply electrical (excitation) power, in particular with an adjustable electrical (excitation) current and / or an adjustable electrical (excitation) voltage, to the measuring device, for example, namely the aforementioned at least one vibration exciter or the excitation arrangement formed therewith. The driver circuit can, for example, be configured to energize the aforementioned excitation arrangement, namely a predefinable and / or instantaneous (mechanical) resonant frequency fR of the transducer arrangement or the excitation arrangement formed therewith.The electrical driver signal e1, corresponding to the signal frequency and / or a predefined signal amplitude of the sensor 10 thus formed, is fed into the excitation arrangement such that the transducer arrangement (coupled with the excitation arrangement) produces the aforementioned (physical) measurement effect in the measured substance. Advantageously, the evaluation circuit DSV can also be configured to determine, based on the driver signal e1, for example, based on the driver signal e1 and the at least one digital signal d1, (damping) parameter values ​​and / or (state) parameter values ​​for at least one (measured substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance, for example, the aforementioned degree of turbulence and / or the aforementioned degree of (in)homogeneity (GVF). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the supply circuit is in particular configured to be electrically connected to an (external measuring system) electrical energy source by means of a, for example, 2-wire, connecting cable and / or by means of an interface circuit 2L (of the electronics), and / or the supply circuit has at least one (electrochemical) energy storage device for electrical energy, for example a supercapacitor and / or a (lithium-ion) accumulator and / or a (lithium-thionyl) battery, which serves as an energy source and is, for example, also rechargeable. Accordingly, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the (measuring system) electronics have an interface circuit 2L, which is specifically designed and configured to draw (externally supplied) electrical (mains) power and / or to receive (externally generated by the measuring system and / or commands for the measuring system electronics) control data for the measuring system and / or to output (measurement values ​​representing at least one measured quantity). Advantageously, the interface circuit can also be designed, for example, as a two-wire interface circuit, such that (externally supplied by the measuring system) electrical (mains) power can be drawn via it, as well as measurement data (containing measurement values ​​representing at least one measured quantity).Accordingly, the power supply circuit can also be electrically connected to the aforementioned interface circuit, which is designed as a two-wire interface circuit, and configured to draw electrical (mains) power from the current loop via the (two-wire) interface circuit 2L; for example, this can also be done in such a way that the measuring system electronics 20 or the power supply circuit draws electrical (mains) power exclusively from the current loop. Alternatively or additionally, the evaluation circuit DSV can also be signal-coupled to the aforementioned two-wire interface circuit 2L and furthermore configured to adjust the current of a (loop) current (iLOOP) flowing in the (two-wire) interface circuit 2L, in particular within a current range between 4 mA and 20 mA, for example, by load modulation and / or depending on the values ​​to be transmitted by the evaluation circuit DSV.transmitted digital (usage) data. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring system is a (4-20 mA) two-wire measuring system powered via a current loop, in which an electrical (loop) current powering the (measuring system) electronics or the measuring system formed therewith also serves to output the respective (current) measured value for the at least one measured quantity. Advantageously, the measuring system electronics 20 can also be configured to be integrated, by means of the aforementioned (two-wire) interface circuit, into a (4-20 mA) current loop involving evaluation and power supply electronics (external to and / or remote from the measuring system). This evaluation and power supply electronics can, for example, also be configured to supply the electrical (mains) power required by the measuring system electronics or to provide the aforementioned (measuring system external) electrical energy source.Alternatively or additionally, the evaluation and supply electronics can also be a component of an electronic data processing system (superordinate to the measurement system), for example formed by means of a programmable logic controller (PLC) and / or a process control system and / or an edge (computing) device. Furthermore, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring system electronics 20 is also configured to transmit measurement data generated by the evaluation circuit DSV, for example mass flow measurement values ​​representing a mass flow rate (of the medium carried in the pressure device), density measurement values ​​representing a density (of the medium carried in the pressure device), or viscosity measurement values ​​representing a viscosity (of the medium carried in the pressure device), to the evaluation and supply electronics, for example by (load) modulation of the loop current flowing in the (two-wire) interface circuit 2L. In the measuring system according to the invention, the supply circuit is specifically configured to operate, at least temporarily, in a (first) operating mode NRG-I (low power), in which the power (supplied by the energy source) is limited to a nominal power limit, for example not exceeding 2000 mW (milliwatts), and / or in which the (useful) power provided (by the supply circuit) for the signal converter and evaluation circuits is limited to a useful power limit, for example less than 2000 mW.Furthermore, the signal converter circuit AD is configured to operate in a first operating mode AD-I (low power), which can be activated during operation of the measuring system. In this mode, the signal converter circuit converts electrical (signal conversion) power (provided by the supply circuit) that does not exceed a predetermined first signal conversion power limit, which can be set, for example, during operation of the measuring system and / or is less than 100 mW and / or is less than 25% of the total electrical (useful) power provided.Furthermore, the signal converter circuit AD is configured to operate in a second operating mode AD-II (high power), which can be activated during operation of the measuring system. In this mode, the signal converter circuit converts electrical (signal conversion) power (provided by the power supply circuit) that is at least as high as a predetermined second signal conversion power limit. This limit can be, for example, adjusted during operation of the measuring system and / or exceeds 100 mW and / or is more than 10% of the total electrical (useful) power provided. For this purpose, the signal converter circuit is specifically configured to operate the signal amplifier OPV1 in its AD-I operating mode with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is not higher than, in particular,a first amplifier power limit of less than 10 mW, which is lower than the aforementioned first signal conversion power limit, and in its operating mode AD-II to operate the signal amplifier OPV2 with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is greater than a second amplifier power limit, in particular not less than 10 mW, which is lower than the second signal conversion power limit; advantageously also in such a way that the signal converter circuit in its operating mode AD-I (during operation of the signal amplifier OPV1) does not operate or switches off the signal amplifier OPV2 at least temporarily and / or in such a way that the signal converter circuit in its operating mode AD-2 (during operation of the signal amplifier OPV2) does not operate or switches off the signal amplifier OPV1 at least temporarily, in particular predominantly or permanently.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the signal converter circuit is configured in whose operating mode AD-I the signal amplifier OV2 is switched off at least temporarily, for example, predominantly or permanently, in particular such that the measurement signal s1 is not amplified by the signal amplifier OV2 during the entire operating mode AD-I, and / or in whose operating mode AD-II the signal amplifier OV1 is switched off at least temporarily, in particular such that the measurement signal s1 is not amplified by the signal amplifier OV1 during the entire operating mode AD-II. Alternatively or additionally, the signal converter circuit AD can advantageously also be configured in whose operating mode AD-II the signal amplifier OV1 is operated at least temporarily, for example, simultaneously with the signal amplifier OV2, with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is greater than, in particular,A third amplifier power limit not exceeding 10 mW; this can also be achieved, for example, by ensuring that the measurement signal s1 is amplified at least temporarily during AD-II operating mode (forming a combined signal) by both signal amplifiers OV1 and OV2, and / or that the third amplifier power limit is not lower than the first amplifier power limit. The signal converter circuit AD can, for example, be configured to operate in its AD-I operating mode while the power supply circuit operates in its NRG-I operating mode. Alternatively or additionally, the signal converter circuit AD can, for example, also be configured to operate in its AD-II operating mode while the power supply circuit operates in its NRG-I operating mode.Particularly in the aforementioned case where the measuring system is designed as a (4-20 mA) two-wire measuring system, the power supply circuit can advantageously be further configured to operate, at least temporarily, in a second operating mode NRG-II - high power, in which the electrical power (supplied by the power source) is higher than the aforementioned nominal power limit, in particular exceeding 2000 mW at least temporarily, and / or in which the total electrical (useful) power provided (by the power supply circuit) to the signal converter and evaluation circuits is higher than the aforementioned useful power limit, in particular exceeding 2000 mW at least temporarily. Furthermore, the signal converter circuit AD can be configured to operate in its operating mode AD-I while the power supply circuit operates in its second operating mode NRG-II.Alternatively or additionally, the signal converter circuit AD can also be set up to operate in its operating mode AD-II while the supply circuit operates in its operating mode NRG-II. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the second signal conversion power limit is greater than the first signal conversion power limit, in particular by at least 100 mW and / or in a ratio of at least 2:1, and that the second amplifier power limit is greater than the first amplifier power limit, in particular by at least 100 mW and / or in a ratio of at least 2:1. Advantageously, the second signal conversion power limit can also be more than 200% of the first signal conversion power limit and / or the second amplifier power limit can be chosen to be greater than the first signal conversion power limit, in particular by more than 50% and / or by more than 100 mW.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the signal amplifier OPV1 (operated in the first operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power not exceeding the first amplifier power limit) exhibits, in particular, minimal (input) voltage noise, which, especially within a frequency range between 10 Hz and 1 kHz, is no more than 15 nV / √Hz, in particular no more than 10 nV / √Hz and / or is lower than, in particular, minimal (input) voltage noise that the signal amplifier OPV2 would exhibit, or exhibits, if the signal amplifier OPV2 is operated in the AD-I operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power not exceeding the first amplifier power limit. Accordingly, the operational amplifier OPA2387 from Texas Instruments Inc. can, for example, be used as the signal amplifier OPV1.Alternatively or additionally, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the signal amplifier OPV2 (operated in the second operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power output above the second amplifier power limit) exhibits a minimal (input) voltage noise that, in particular within a frequency range between 10 Hz and 1 kHz, does not exceed 6 nV / √Hz and / or is lower than the minimal (input) voltage noise that the signal amplifier OPV1 would exhibit, or exhibits, if the signal amplifier OPV1 were operated in operating mode AD-II of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power output above the second amplifier power limit. The signal amplifier OPV2, in turn, can be, for example, a precision amplifier LMP7732 from Texas Instruments Inc. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the supply circuit NRG and / or the evaluation circuit DSV are each configured to control the signal converter circuit AD, or the signal converter circuit AD is configured to be controlled by the supply circuit NRG and / or the evaluation circuit DSV; this is done in particular by the supply circuit NRG and / or the evaluation circuit DSV being configured to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD. Alternatively or additionally, the evaluation circuit DSV can advantageously also be configured to control the supply circuit, in particular...namely to selectively (de)activate one or more operating modes of the supply circuit, and / or the supply circuit may be configured to receive and process digital (user) data from the evaluation circuit DSV, for example, containing measured values ​​representing at least one measured quantity and / or parameter values ​​controlling the supply circuit, in particular, based on the (user) data, to selectively (de)activate one or more of its operating modes (automatically) and / or based on the (user) data, to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD.In the aforementioned case where the evaluation circuit DSV is configured to determine (state) parameter values ​​for at least one (measured substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel, based on the at least one digital signal d1, the evaluation circuit DSV can advantageously further be configured to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD depending on the (measured substance) state variable or the determined (state) parameter values, for example, such that the evaluation circuit DSV activates the operating mode AD-I of the signal converter circuit or deactivates the operating mode AD-II of the signal converter circuit when the degree of turbulence and / or inhomogeneity is increased, i.e., above a predetermined threshold value.In the event that the supply circuit is coupled to the aforementioned (external) evaluation and supply electronics via a two-wire interface circuit 2L, the supply circuit can advantageously also be configured to receive control data (containing externally generated measurement system data and / or commands for the measurement system electronics) via interface circuit 2L and to selectively (de-)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD based on the same control data (received via interface circuit 2L).Alternatively or additionally, the evaluation circuit can also be set up to selectively (de-)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD, for example also based on control and / or measurement data received via interface circuit (2L) (measuring system externally generated and / or containing commands for the measuring system electronics). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the signal converter circuit AD has at least one control input for selectively activating its first and / or second operating modes. In the case that the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD can be (de)activated by means of the evaluation circuit DSV, the evaluation circuit DSV can accordingly have at least one control output that is signal-technically coupled to the at least one control input of the signal converter circuit AD and can also be configured to transmit one or more parameter values ​​to the signal converter circuit AD via this control output, selectively (de)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD.In the other case, where the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD can be (de-)activated by means of the supply circuit NRG, the supply circuit can have at least one control output coupled to the at least one control input of the signal converter circuit AD and be configured accordingly to transmit one or more parameter values ​​to the signal converter circuit AD via that control output, selectively (de-)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit AD.Alternatively or additionally, the AD signal converter circuit can also be advantageously configured to operate selectively in one of its first and / or second operating modes depending on (useful) data received via control input, for example, to automatically switch from the first operating mode to the second operating mode and / or automatically switch from the second operating mode to the first operating mode. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature US-B 67 99 476 [0002, 0005]US-B 72 00 503 [0002, 0005]US-B 85 25 560 [0002, 0005]

Claims

Measuring system, in particular mains-powered and / or battery-operated and / or intrinsically safe and / or designed as a (Coriolis) mass flow meter and / or as a volume flow meter and / or as a density meter and / or as a viscosity meter (vibronic) measuring system, for measuring one or more measured quantities (x), in particular a density, a viscosity, a mass flow and / or a volume flow, of a fluid medium, in particular a gas, a liquid or a dispersion, in particular a gas, a liquid or a dispersion, which measuring system comprises: - a, in particular a physical-to-electrical or electrical-to-physical-to-electrical sensor (10);- as well as an electrically connected sensor (10), in particular.intrinsically safe (measuring system) electronics (20) formed by means of one or more microprocessors and / or (compliant with the international standard IEC 60079-11:2023-01) comprising a signal converter circuit, an evaluation circuit, and a power supply circuit; wherein the sensor (10) is configured to be connected (fluidically) to the pressure vessel or inserted into the pressure vessel's path, in particular by means of a flange connection; and wherein the sensor (10) is configured to detect at least one measured quantity and convert it into at least one dependent (first) electrical measurement signal (s1); wherein the power supply circuit is electrically connected to both the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit and is configured to draw electrical power from at least one energy source, in particular an external energy source and / or an internal energy source, and thus to provide a respective, in particular,to cover, at least partially, in particular predominantly or completely, the adaptable (power) demand of the signal converter circuit and the evaluation circuit during operation, in particular in such a way that the electrical power (drawn from at least one energy source) and / or the total electrical (useful) power provided (by the supply circuit) is limited, at least temporarily, to less than 2000 mW (milliwatts); - wherein the signal converter circuit is coupled to the sensor via signal technology, in particular, is electrically connected to the sensor; - and wherein the signal converter circuit is configured to receive the at least one (first) measurement signal (s1) and convert it into a (first) digital signal (d1); - wherein the evaluation circuit is coupled to the signal converter circuit via signal technology, in particularnamely is electrically connected,- and wherein the evaluation circuit is configured to receive and evaluate the (first) digital signal (d1), namely to determine digital measured values ​​for at least one measured quantity using the at least one (first) digital signal (d1);- wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate in a first operating mode (AD-I --> low power) (which can be activated during operation of the measuring system), in which the signal converter circuit converts electrical (signal conversion) power (provided by the supply circuit) which does not exceed a predetermined, in particular,a first signal conversion power limit that is adjustable during operation of the measuring system and / or is less than 100 mW and / or less than 25% of the total electrical (useful) power supplied; and wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate in a second operating mode (AD-II -> high power), which can be activated during operation of the measuring system, in which the signal converter circuit converts electrical (signal conversion) power supplied by the power supply circuit that is not less than a predetermined second signal conversion power limit, in particular adjustable during operation of the measuring system and / or more than 100 mW and / or more than 10% of the total electrical (useful) power supplied; and wherein the signal converter circuit is used to amplify the (first) measurement signal (s1), in particulareach comprising a first and second signal amplifier (OPV1, OPV2) that can be operated with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power of less than 200 mW, and wherein the signal converter circuit is configured, in its first operating mode (AD-I) to operate the first signal amplifier (OPV1) with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power not exceeding a first amplifier power limit, in particular less than 10 mW, which is lower than the first signal conversion power limit, in particular to operate the first signal amplifier (OPV1) and not to operate or to switch off the second signal amplifier (OPV2), and in its second operating mode (AD-II) to operate the second signal amplifier (OPV2) with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power exceeding a second amplifier power limit, in particular not less than 10 mW, which is lower than the second signal conversion power limit. especiallynamely to operate the second signal amplifier (OPV2) and not to operate or to switch off the first signal amplifier (OPV1); - wherein the second signal conversion power limit is greater than the first signal conversion power limit by not less than 100 mW and / or in a ratio of not less than 2:1, - and wherein the second amplifier power limit is greater than the first amplifier power limit by not less than 100 mW and / or in a ratio of not less than 2:

1. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor (10) is configured to detect the at least one measured quantity and convert it into at least one dependent second electrical measurement signal (s2); and wherein the signal converter circuit is configured to receive the at least one second measurement signal (s2) and convert it into a second digital signal (d2). Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first signal amplifier (OPV1) (operated in the first operating mode of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power not exceeding the first amplifier power limit) has, in particular, a minimal (input) voltage noise which, in particular, within a frequency range between 10 Hz and 1 kHz, is not more than 15 nV / √Hz, in particular not more than 10 nV / √Hz and / or is lower than, in particular, a minimal (input) voltage noise which the second signal amplifier (OPV2) would have or has if said signal amplifier (OPV2) is operated in the first operating mode (AD-I -> low power) of the signal converter circuit or with an electrical power not exceeding the first amplifier power limit; and / or- wherein the (in the second operating mode of the signal converter circuit orThe second signal amplifier (OPV2), operated with an electrical power exceeding the second amplifier power limit, exhibits a minimal (input) voltage noise that, in particular within a frequency range between 10 Hz and 1 kHz, is no more than 6 nV / √Hz and / or is lower than, in particular, a minimal (input) voltage noise that the first signal amplifier (OPV1) would exhibit, or exhibits if the aforementioned signal amplifier (OPV1) is operated in the second operating mode (AD-II -> high power) of the signal converter circuit, or with an electrical power exceeding the second amplifier power limit. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second signal conversion power limit is more than 200% of the first signal conversion power limit; and / or wherein the second amplifier power limit, in particular more than 50% and / or more than 100 mW, is greater than the first signal conversion power limit. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal converter circuit is configured in its first operating mode to at least temporarily switch off the second signal amplifier, in particular such that the (first) measurement signal is not amplified by the second signal amplifier during the entire first operating mode; and / or wherein the signal converter circuit is configured in its second operating mode to at least temporarily switch off the first signal amplifier, in particular such that the (first) measurement signal is not amplified by the first signal amplifier during the entire second operating mode; and / or wherein the signal converter circuit is configured in its second operating mode to operate the first signal amplifier at least temporarily, in particular simultaneously with the second signal amplifier, with an electrical (amplifier) ​​power that is greater than a third amplifier power limit, in particular not exceeding 10 mW.such that the (first) measurement signal is amplified at least temporarily during the second operating mode (forming a combination signal) by means of both the first signal amplifier and the second signal amplifier and / or that the third amplifier power limit is not less than the first amplifier power limit. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supply circuit (NRG) is configured to control the signal converter circuit (AD), in particular such that the supply circuit (NRG) is configured to selectively activate one of the first and second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD). Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) has at least one control input for selectively activating its first and / or second operating modes. Measuring system according to claim 7, wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) has at least one control output that is signal-technically coupled to the at least one control input of the signal converter circuit (AD), and wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to transmit one or more parameter values ​​to the signal converter circuit (AD) via said control output, selectively (de)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD); and / or, wherein the supply circuit has at least one control output that is signal-technically coupled to the at least one control input of the signal converter circuit (AD), and wherein the supply circuit is configured to transmit one or more parameter values ​​to the signal converter circuit (AD) via said control output, selectively (de)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD);and / or- wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate selectively in one of its first and / or second operating modes depending on (user) data received via control input, in particular to switch automatically from the first operating mode to the second operating mode and / or to switch automatically from the second operating mode to the first operating mode.; Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the power supply circuit (NRG) is configured to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD); and / or wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to control the signal converter circuit (AD), in particular to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD); and / or wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to control the power supply circuit, in particular to selectively (de)activate one or more operating modes of the power supply circuit; and / or wherein the power supply circuit is configured to receive and process digital (useful) data from the evaluation circuit (DSV), in particular containing measured values ​​representing at least one measured quantity and / or parameter values ​​controlling the power supply circuit.namely, to selectively (de)activate one or more operating modes of the supply circuit based on the (user) data and / or to selectively (de)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD) based on the (user) data; and / or, wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to determine (state) parameter values ​​for at least one (measured substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel, in particular a degree of turbulence and / or a degree of (in)homogeneity (GVF), based on the at least one (first) digital signal (d1), in particular for selectively (de)activating the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD) depending on the (measured substance) state variable or the (state) parameter values. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein measuring system electronics (20) comprises a driver circuit electrically connected to the supply circuit, which is configured to supply electrical (excitation) power, in particular with an adjustable electrical (excitation) current and / or an adjustable electrical (excitation) voltage, to the measuring sensor (serving to effect a (physical) measurement effect in the measured substance dependent on the at least one measured quantity). Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring sensor has a (flow) transducer arrangement (11) comprising, in particular, a tubular and / or at least one (tubular) vibration element or formed therewith, a lumen enclosed by a wall, in particular made of metal, extending from a first (transducer arrangement) end to a second (transducer arrangement) end. Measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the transducer arrangement (of the sensor) is configured, in particular by forming a flow channel involving its lumen and / or by means of a flange connection, (fluidically) to or inserted into a pressure vessel, in particular designed as a (pipe) line or as a (process) vessel and / or compliant with Directive 2014 / 68 / EU, and (during operation of the measuring system) to at least temporarily contact or guide the measured substance, in particular to be at least temporarily permeated by the measured substance, and during this time to interact with the measured substance or to effect at least one measured effect (in the measured substance) that is dependent on the at least one measured quantity; and / or wherein the at least one (first) measuring signal (s1) is mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement, in particularnamely a velocity of oscillatory movements of the transducer arrangement; and / or- wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to determine (damping) parameter values ​​quantifying the damping of mechanical oscillations of the transducer arrangement on the basis of the at least one (first) digital signal (d1), in particular, namely, to determine (state) parameter values ​​for a (measuring) substance state variable characterizing the measuring substance carried in the pressure vessel using one or more damping (damping) parameter values; and / or- wherein the transducer arrangement has a vibration element (111) comprising or formed by at least one (measuring) tube, which vibration element (111) is configured to be contacted by the measuring substance, in particular, by flowing around or through it, and to be vibrated during this time, in particular,namely, performs at least partial (forced) mechanical vibrations with at least one (corresponding to an instantaneous resonance frequency fR of the sensor (10) and / or not less than 50 Hz (Hertz) and / or not more than 2 kHz) useful frequency. Measuring system according to the previous claim, wherein the at least one (first) measuring signal (s1) represents mechanical vibrations of the vibration element (111), in particular a velocity of vibration movements of the vibration element (111). Measuring system according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the sensor (10) has an excitation arrangement formed in particular by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration exciter (41), which is coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics (20). Measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the excitation arrangement is configured to convert supplied electrical (excitation) power into mechanical (measuring) power that is useful for producing a measurement effect dependent on the at least one measured quantity (of the transducer arrangement), in particular non-electrical and / or forced mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement; and / or wherein the excitation arrangement comprises at least one, in particular electrodynamic or piezoelectric, vibration exciter (41), which vibration exciter (41) is configured to convert supplied electrical (excitation) power into forced mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement, in particular non-electrical and / or forced mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement.namely, to convert a vibration element of the transducer arrangement around a static rest position, (actively) exciting mechanical power; and / or, wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to determine (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying a dispersion measure of a (mechanical) resonance frequency of the transducer arrangement using the at least one (first) digital signal (d1), in particular, namely, to determine (state) parameter values ​​for a (measuring substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel using one or more (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying the dispersion measure of the at least one resonance frequency; and / or, wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to determine (dispersion) parameter values ​​quantifying a dispersion measure of a vibration amplitude of vibrational movements of the transducer arrangement using the at least one (first) digital signal (d1), in particular,namely, to determine (state) parameter values ​​for a (measured substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel using one or more (dispersion) parameter values ​​that quantify the dispersion measure of the at least one vibration amplitude; and / or, wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to determine (damping) parameter values ​​that quantify the damping of mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement on the basis of the at least one (first) digital signal (d1), in particular, to determine (state) parameter values ​​for a (measured substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance carried in the pressure vessel using one or more (damping) parameter values ​​that quantify the damping. Measuring system according to one of claims 14 to 15, wherein the driver circuit is configured to energize the excitation arrangement, namely to feed an electrical driver signal (e1) into the excitation arrangement, in particular having a predefinable and / or an instantaneous (mechanical) resonance frequency fR of the transducer arrangement or of the sensor (10) formed therewith, corresponding to a signal frequency and / or a predefinable signal amplitude, such that the transducer arrangement causes at least one (physical) measuring effect in the measured material which depends on the at least one measured quantity, in particular detectable by a sensor arrangement of the transducer, in particular at least partially forced mechanical vibrations with at least one, in particular an instantaneous, resonance frequency fR of the transducer arrangement or of the sensor (10) formed therewith.the measuring sensor (10) formed thereby and / or a useful frequency of not less than 50 Hz (Hertz) and / or not more than 2 kHz, and the first measuring signal (s1) is at least partially dependent on the measuring effect. Measuring system according to the previous claim, wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is configured to determine damping parameter values ​​quantifying the damping of mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement based on the driver signal (e1), in particular based on the driver signal (e1) and the at least one (first) digital signal (d1), in particular to determine (damping) parameter values ​​for a (measuring) state variable characterizing the measured substance using one or more damping parameter values ​​quantifying the damping; and / or- wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is set up, based on the driver signal (e1), in particular based on the driver signal (e1) and the at least one (first) digital signal (d1), to determine (state) parameter values ​​for at least one (measured substance) state variable characterizing the measured substance, in particular a degree of turbulence and / or a degree of (in)homogeneity (GVF). Measuring system according to one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the measuring sensor (10) has a sensor arrangement formed in particular by means of at least one (electrodynamic or piezoelectric) vibration sensor (51), which is coupled to the transducer arrangement and electrically connected to the measuring system electronics (20). Measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the sensor arrangement is configured to detect a measuring effect (of the measured material or the transducer arrangement) dependent on the at least one measured quantity, in particular (measured quantity-dependent) mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement, and to convert it into a (first) measuring signal (s1) representing the same measuring effect, in particular a velocity of vibrational movements of the transducer arrangement; and / or wherein the sensor arrangement comprises at least one (electrodynamic, optoelectronic or piezoelectric) vibration sensor (51), which vibration sensor is configured to detect (forced) mechanical (useful) vibrations of the transducer arrangement, in particular a (tubular) vibrating element of the transducer arrangement around a static rest position, and to convert them into the at least one (first) measuring signal (s1), in particularnamely to provide an electrical (alternating) voltage that can serve as a measurement signal (s1). Measuring system according to one of claims 18 to 19, wherein the sensor arrangement comprises at least one, in particular electrodynamic or piezoelectric or optoelectric, vibration sensor (51); and wherein the vibration sensor (51) is configured to detect mechanical vibrations of the transducer arrangement, in particular of a vibration element of the sensor arrangement around a static rest position, and to convert the (first) measurement signal (s1) such that the measurement signal (s1) represents mechanical vibrations of the sensor arrangement, in particular a velocity of vibrational movements of a vibration element (111) of the sensor arrangement. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supply circuit is configured to operate at least temporarily in a (first) operating mode (NRGI - low power) in which a power (drawn from the energy source) is limited to a nominal power limit, in particular not exceeding 2000 mW (milliwatts), and / or in which a (useful) power (provided by the supply circuit) for the signal converter and evaluation circuits is limited to a useful power limit, in particular less than 2000 mW. Measuring system according to claim 21, wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate in its first operating mode (AD-I) while the supply circuit operates in its first operating mode (NRG-I); and / or, wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate in its second operating mode (AD-II) while the supply circuit operates in its first operating mode (NRG-I). Measuring system according to one of claims 21 to 22, wherein the supply circuit is configured to operate at least temporarily in a second operating mode (NRG-II - high power) in which the electrical power (supplied by the energy source) is higher than the nominal power limit, in particular exceeding 2000 mW at least temporarily, and / or in which the total electrical (useful) power provided (by the supply circuit) for the signal converter and evaluation circuits is higher than the useful power limit, in particular exceeding 2000 mW at least temporarily. Measuring system according to claim 23, wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate in its first operating mode (AD-I) while the supply circuit operates in its second operating mode (NRG-II); and / or, wherein the signal converter circuit (AD) is configured to operate in its second operating mode (AD-II) while the supply circuit operates in its second operating mode (NRG-II). Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supply circuit is configured to be electrically connected to an (external) electrical energy source by means of a, in particular, 2-core connecting cable; and / or wherein the supply circuit comprises at least one (electrochemical) energy storage device for electrical energy, in particular a supercapacitor and / or a (lithium-ion) accumulator and / or a (lithium-thionyl) battery, which serves as an energy source and is in particular rechargeable. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring system electronics (20) further comprises an interface circuit (2L), in particular a two-wire interface circuit, in particular for obtaining (measuring system externally provided) electrical (mains) power and / or for receiving (measuring system externally generated and / or containing commands for the measuring system electronics) control data for the measuring system and / or for sending (measurement values ​​containing the at least one measured quantity) measurement data. Measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the supply circuit and / or evaluation circuit is set up to selectively (de-)activate the first and / or second operating modes of the signal converter circuit (AD) and / or the driver circuit based on control data received via interface circuit (2L) (measuring system externally generated and / or containing commands for the measuring system electronics). Measuring system according to one of claims 26 to 27, wherein the measuring system electronics (20) is configured to be integrated into a current loop involving an evaluation and supply electronics (external to the measuring system and / or remote from the measuring system) by means of the (two-wire) interface circuit. Measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the supply circuit is electrically connected to the (two-wire) interface circuit and configured to draw electrical (mains) power from the current loop via the (two-wire) interface circuit (2L), in particular to draw electrical (mains) power exclusively from the current loop; and / or wherein the evaluation circuit (DSV) is signal-technically coupled to the (two-wire) interface circuit and configured to adjust the current of a (loop) current (iLOOP) flowing in the (two-wire) interface circuit (2L), in particular within a current range between 4 mA and 20 mA, in particular by load modulation and / or depending on digital (user) data transmitted by the evaluation circuit (DSV); and / or wherein the evaluation and supply electronics provide the (measuring system external) electrical energy source orthe electrical (mains) power required by the measuring system electronics; and / or, wherein the measuring system electronics (20) transmits measurement data generated by the evaluation circuit (DSV), in particular mass flow measurement values ​​representing a mass flow rate of the measured substance, density measurement values ​​representing a density of the measured substance, or viscosity measurement values ​​representing a viscosity of the measured substance, to the evaluation and supply electronics, in particular by modulating a (loop) current flowing in the (two-wire) interface circuit.

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