Fire protection material and fire protection molded part and process for their production

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire protection material (B) for filling cable troughs, closed cable routes, installation shafts and other hollow bodies and / or for forming a molded part, wherein the fire protection material (B) comprises a carrier material (T) and a coating material (S) that expands or foams upon exposure to heat. The carrier material (T) is a granulate consisting of grains that essentially have a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 and have a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fire protection molded part (FT) comprising the carrier material (T) and an adhesive that meets the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A1. Finally, the invention also relates to methods for producing the same and corresponding uses.

Description

Technical field and task of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire protection material for filling cable troughs, closed cable routes, installation shafts, and other hollow bodies and / or for forming a molded part. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fire protection molded part, methods for producing the same, and corresponding uses. Definitions

[0002] In the context of the present invention, a "fire protection material" is understood to mean a material that is suitable for protecting an object completely surrounded thereby, such as a cable, a line or a pipe, in such a way that after 90 or preferably 120 minutes of exposure to flame or heat (= thermal exposure) from the outside at a temperature of approximately 1,100 °C, the temperature of the object surrounded by the fire protection material rises to a maximum of 180 °C, preferably a maximum of 120 °C, preferably a maximum of 100 °C, in particular a maximum of 80 °C. The conditions of the DIN standards DIN 4102 Part 11 and / or DIN 4102 Part 21 and / or according to UL 1724 / ASTM and / or according to IEC 60331-21 can thus be met by the fire protection material according to the invention and by the fire protection molded part.

[0003] In the context of the present invention, “heat exposure” and “heat exposure” are understood to mean the exposure of a heat source (e.g. fire, flames, IR radiation) to an object (e.g. fire protection material according to the invention or fire protection molded part according to the invention) such that the surface temperature of the object rises to at least 800 °C, in particular at least 1,000 °C (when exposed to flames according to the temperature curve IEC, ETK (standard temperature-time curve, according to DIN 4102) or UL 1724 (Outline of Investigation for Fire Tests for Electrical Circuit Protective Systems).

[0004] According to the invention, the term “expansion” or “foaming” of the coating material upon exposure to heat means an increase in volume of at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 200%, compared to the initial state (coating material at room temperature and before exposure to heat).

[0005] In the context of the present invention, the term "free-flowing" refers to the ability of a bulk material consisting of a large number of individual grains to flow vertically under defined conditions. According to the invention, free-flowing is measured according to DIN EN ISO 6186 and is expressed as the flow time of the bulk material in seconds through a defined hopper and under other defined conditions.

[0006] The term "applied to the carrier material" means, within the meaning of the invention, applied or applied to a surface of the carrier material, namely to the entire externally accessible surface of the carrier material, directly to this surface (= applied directly to the surface of the carrier material) or to the entire externally accessible surface of another layer, which in turn covers the entire externally accessible surface of the carrier material (= applied indirectly to the surface of the carrier material). The same applies to the terms "applied to the hydrophobizing agent," "applied to the fire-protection molded part," or analogous formulations.

[0007] Analogously, "application ... to the carrier material" within the meaning of the invention means the application or application to a surface of the carrier material, namely to the entire externally accessible surface of the carrier material, directly to this surface (= directly to the surface of the carrier material) or to the entire externally accessible surface of another layer, which in turn covers the entire externally accessible surface of the carrier material (= indirectly to the surface of the carrier material). The same applies to the term "application ... to the hydrophobizing agent," "application ... to the fire-protection molded part," or analogous formulations.

[0008] For the purposes of the present invention, the layer thickness of a material coating is defined as the average layer thickness. This corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the layer thicknesses from a plurality of measurements (e.g., 10, 20, or 50) at different locations on the same layer.

[0009] In the context of the present invention, information on masses and mass ratios always refers to the dry mass(es) of the substance(s) concerned. State of the art

[0010] Conventional fire protection structures, such as sand-filled cable troughs, enclosed cable routes, installation shafts, and other hollow bodies, require improvement in terms of various requirements. For example, the sand, which is often used as a filler, solidifies over the course of several years, making it significantly more difficult to repair or replace the cables, lines, or pipes protected by it (especially mobile phone, telephone, data, power, telecommunications, high-voltage, low-voltage, high-frequency cables, fluid, split air conditioning, fiber optic cables (with multiple wires), and plastic pipes) located in the cable troughs or cable routes and surrounded by sand.Typically, when replacing a cable or line, the sand must first be completely removed, then the cable must be replaced or repaired, and then the cable trough containing the repaired or replaced cable or line must be refilled with sand. Due to the aging or weather-related solidification of the sand or other filler, the described repair or rehabilitation measure is complex and carries the risk of damage to the cable or line when removing the solidified sand or filler. Furthermore, the replaced, used sand must be disposed of or processed in a complex and costly manner.

[0011] Generic fire protection materials are known to the expert from the publications DE 20 2019 006 097 U1, DE 41 30 335 A1, DE 100 28 508 A1, DE 40 36 865 A1 and DE 10 2014 101 707 A1. Object of the invention

[0012] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved fire protection material, wherein the fire protection structure offers sufficient protection for a cable, line, or pipe surrounded by it and simultaneously facilitates access to the cable or line in the event of repair or replacement. The protection provided by the fire protection material according to the invention comprises, in particular, fire protection or protection against the effects of elevated temperatures or corresponding radiation from the outside, as well as heating from the inside.

[0013] It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved fire protection molded part which also has the qualities of a fire protection material as defined according to the invention and which is also designed to conform to the shape of the item to be protected.

[0014] Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide corresponding manufacturing methods and uses. Summary of the invention

[0015] The above-mentioned object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0016] Thus, according to the invention, a fire protection material according to claim 1 is proposed. The fire protection material is suitable for filling cable troughs, closed cable routes, installation shafts and other hollow bodies and / or for forming a molded part; wherein the fire protection material (B) has a carrier material (T); wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 , preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; wherein the fire protection material (B) further comprises a coating material (S); wherein the coating material (S) is applied to the carrier material (T); wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D);wherein the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%;wherein the respective mass fraction preferably relates to the mass of the diluent (V).

[0017] The fire protection material according to the invention is characterized by its good flowability due to the specific grain size selection of the carrier material granules, which significantly facilitates the filling and emptying of containers such as cable troughs or cable shafts. Flowability can be indicated, for example, by a flow time of 2 to 120 seconds measured according to DIN EN IS 6168. It has been found to be irrelevant if a small portion of the grains of the carrier material granules, i.e., less than 20% by mass, preferably less than 10% by mass, in particular less than 5% by mass, of the carrier material, has a grain size outside the claimed grain size range.Interestingly, the flowability of the fire protection material according to the invention is maintained for years even when used outdoors and exposed to corresponding weather conditions, and “caking” or clumping, as is typically observed with sand or other conventional bulk materials, is completely or almost completely absent with the fire protection material according to the invention.

[0018] In addition, the grain size selection supports the thermal insulation properties of the fire protection material. If the grains of the carrier material granulate are too small, for example, < 2 mm, this causes a blockage or at least insufficient heat dissipation from the goods to be protected (e.g., power cables, which heat up during operation) to the outside (excessive insulating effect of the fire protection material). Conversely, if the grains of the carrier material granulate are too large, for example, > 9 mm, there is a risk that the heat conduction through the fire protection material will be too great, and thus the fire protection effect of the fire protection material will be insufficient.

[0019] The fire protection material according to the invention meets the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A2 or even A1. When used as intended, the fire protection material according to the invention preferably has a layer or filling height of 6 to 20 cm, preferably 9 to 15 cm, in particular 10 to 14 cm.

[0020] Due to the low density of the carrier material, the fire protection material according to the invention achieves a large volume with a relatively small mass. Therefore, material consumption and transport costs, and thus overall costs, are minimized, since less material relative to its mass needs to be transported to the site of use and later for final disposal.

[0021] Due to the materials provided according to the invention, the carrier material according to the invention meets the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A2 or even A1.

[0022] By its very nature, the fire protection material according to the invention conforms to its shape, which other fire protection structures, for example, in the form of fire protection ducts, are not. As already explained, the fire protection material according to the invention is characterized by its low mass and ease of handling. Retrofitting to existing cable trays or closed cable ducts, especially as a replacement material, is also easily possible. Furthermore, the fire protection material according to the invention is cost-effective due to its comparatively simple structure.

[0023] The inventor has found the following materials suitable for the purposes of the present invention: perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, zeolite, foam glass, and shell limestone. Of these, perlite is particularly preferred because, in conjunction with the coating material, it particularly satisfies the above-discussed requirements for fire protection, flowability, and simplified handling, and is also very lightweight. Surprisingly, the materials proposed for the carrier material according to the invention retain their flowability over the long term, even in the event of temporary, weather-related external moisture exposure. Furthermore, rapid drying in air is ensured. In principle, all carrier materials according to the invention meet the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A1 (non-combustible).

[0024] The coating material used also exhibits high UV and weather resistance according to EOTA 024 X-Type. Thus, the fire protection material according to the invention absorbs virtually no water from the environment, even during extended outdoor use, and therefore remains light and free-flowing. The persistent free-flowing nature of the fire protection material according to the invention allows for easy installation by simply pouring or filling the fire protection material granules into the cable trough or cable route. Conversely, the fire protection material according to the invention can be easily removed from the container by simply vacuuming, even after years of use. A particular advantage of the fire protection material according to the invention is that the cables or lines embedded therein can be easily and safely pulled out of the fire protection material for replacement and repair, without the fire protection material itself having to be removed from the cable trough.In addition, when the cable or wire is reinserted into the cable trough filled with the fire protection material, the cable or wire sinks into the granulate within a short time under the influence of gravity, so that it is completely surrounded by the fire protection material and the fire protection effect is ensured with a sufficient fill or layer height of the fire protection material.

[0025] The high level of fire protection provided by the fire protection material according to the invention is achieved, on the one hand, by the defined, low thermal conductivity of the carrier material used for this purpose, both internally and externally, and, on the other hand, by the coating material used, which expands or foams when exposed to heat. Nevertheless, the proposed carrier material allows sufficient heat dissipation from the current-carrying cables or lines protected by it to the outside during normal operation.

[0026] The coating material expands or foams when exposed to heat, thus providing heat protection. As the coating material expands or foams when exposed to heat, the volume of the fire protection material granules increases, displacing oxygen-containing air between the fire protection material granules to the outside, effectively preventing the surrounding material (cables, wires, etc.) from igniting. This increase in volume also further enhances the insulating effect of the fire protection material, both internally and externally. The coating material meets at least the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material classes B1, A2, or even A1.

[0027] In a particularly preferred embodiment, neither the coating material according to the invention nor the fire protection material according to the invention contains a primer or a primer. Both additives can advantageously be omitted according to the invention, since the inventor has discovered that, despite the omission of a primer and a primer in the coating material as well as in the fire protection material according to the invention as a whole, the adhesion of the coating material to the carrier material is sufficient. Furthermore, omission of the primer and the primer reduces the fire load, which makes it easier to meet the requirements of building material class A2 or even A1. According to the invention, the term "primer" does not include the hydrophobizing agent as defined herein and as can be used in the fire protection material according to the invention.

[0028] In the fire protection material according to the invention, the coating material can be applied directly to the surface of the carrier material and completely cover it. This represents a simple structure that allows for cost-effective production. However, due to the high irregularity of the surface of the carrier material grains, the area-related consumption of the coating material may be comparatively high, and the coating material may penetrate into any pores present in the carrier material during coating. The coating material can preferably be applied to the carrier material using a rotary drum process. This process is easy to carry out and ensures a high degree of uniformity in the layer thickness of the coating material across the entire surface.

[0029] Overall, the fire protection material according to the invention achieves a high fire protection effect, with the surface temperature of a cable or line protected thereby remaining below 120°C, preferably below 100°C, after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04). A cable embedded in the fire protection material according to the invention (layer height of the fire protection material 9 to 15 cm, preferably 12 cm) was exposed to a flame in accordance with IEC 60331-11 for a period of 90 minutes or until a short circuit occurred. The flame temperature also complied with the aforementioned standard. The test was conducted in the box in accordance with IEC 61034-1. All other requirements of the above-mentioned standard were also met. The burner was switched off after 90 minutes at the latest. The fire protection material according to the invention preferably meets fire resistance requirements of at least 90 minutes.

[0030] The coating material of the fire protection material according to the invention has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm. The layer thickness of the coating material at any point may preferably deviate by a maximum of 20%, preferably by a maximum of 10%, in particular by a maximum of 5%, from the layer thickness specified as the average layer thickness of the coating material.

[0031] If the layer thickness of the initial coating material is too thin, adequate fire protection cannot be ensured. If the layer thickness is too thick, the fire protection effect cannot be further improved, and coating material is wasted, increasing material consumption and costs. A layer thickness of 70 to 90 µm, i.e., values ​​around 80 µm, is optimal for the coating material, as this allows for a high insulating effect with relatively little material usage.

[0032] The coating material gives the fire protection material according to the invention a smoother surface compared to the uncoated carrier material. This improves the flowability of the fire protection material and, at the same time, facilitates the installation and removal of the item to be protected in the fire protection material, i.e., the insertion and removal of the protected item.

[0033] If the coating material of the fire protection material according to the invention contains or consists of the one-component material as defined in claim 4, it is characterized by further improved expansion or foaming properties and thus by a further increased fire protection effect. The one-component material is preferably applied as a component of the coating material together with the coating material to the surface of the carrier material. This eliminates the need for a separate application step.

[0034] Another important advantage of the fire protection material according to the invention is that, according to the inventor's observations, this material is avoided by rodents. This is presumably because chewing the granules of the fire protection material according to the invention leads to pulverization of the carrier material in the fire protection material, which rodents generally find unpleasant, and therefore the fire protection material according to the invention does not represent an attractive food source for these animals.

[0035] An advantageous embodiment of the fire protection material according to the invention is one in which the surface of the carrier material is first coated with a hydrophobizing agent, thereby partially or even completely smoothing out the irregularity of the surface of the carrier material. The coating material is then applied to the layer of hydrophobizing agent, i.e. indirectly to the surface of the carrier material. In this embodiment, the need for or consumption of coating material is advantageously reduced, since the surface of the carrier material is smoothed due to the coating with the hydrophobizing agent, and no or less coating material penetrates into any internal pores of the carrier material that may be present. Furthermore, depending on the carrier material, the adhesion of the coating material to the carrier material can be improved by the described use of the hydrophobizing agent.

[0036] Hydrophobic agents based on alkoxysilane, alkoxysiloxane, alkylpolysiloxane, or alkali siliconate, especially polydimethylsiloxane, have proven particularly advantageous, and are known to those skilled in the art. The hydrophobic agent according to the invention, and in particular the aforementioned substances, meet the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A1. The inventor then discovered that the hydrophobic agent can preferably be applied to the substrate using a rotary drum process. This process is simple to perform and also ensures a highly uniform layer thickness across the entire surface of the hydrophobic agent.

[0037] In an advantageous embodiment of the fire protection material according to the invention, the hydrophobizing agent has a layer thickness of, for example, 15 to 60 µm, preferably 25 to 45 µm, in particular 30 to 40 µm. If the layer thickness is too thin, for example, < 15 µm, it has been found that the above-described effects of the hydrophobizing agent cannot be sufficiently ensured. On the other hand, if the layer thickness is too thick, for example, > 60 µm, too much hydrophobizing agent is consumed, increasing costs without any further improvement in the above-mentioned effect of the hydrophobizing agent.

[0038] According to the invention, a method for producing a fire protection material according to claim 7 is further proposed. Thus, a method for producing a fire protection material (B), preferably the fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 6, is proposed, at least with the steps: (a) providing a carrier material (T); wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 , preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; and wherein the carrier material (T) is preferably selected from the group consisting of perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, zeolite, foam glass, and shell limestone; (b) applying a coating material (S) to the carrier material (T); wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D);wherein the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the diluent (V); (c) drying the carrier material (T) coated with the coating material (S), thereby obtaining the fire protection material (B); wherein the drying is preferably carried out for 0.5 to 8 hours, in particular for 1 to 6 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80°C, in particular 60 to 70°C.

[0039] The properties and advantages discussed above in connection with the fire protection material according to the invention apply analogously to the method according to the invention and its advantageous embodiments according to the dependent claims.

[0040] In the process according to the invention, the coating material is applied in step (b) using conventional methods, for example, a rotary drum coating process. The rotary drum coating process is easy to implement and ensures a high degree of uniformity in the adhesive layer thickness across the entire surface of the carrier material.

[0041] Drying of the coated carrier material in step (c) preferably takes place under the temperature and time conditions specified above, which ensure gentle yet effective removal of volatile components to the required extent. Drying preferably takes place in air because this is the simplest and most cost-effective method. However, it can also take place in other media, such as an inert gas, as required. Drying the carrier material in step (c) prevents outgassing of solvents or other flammable components of the fire protection material during subsequent intended use of the fire protection material according to the invention, which would impair its fire protection effect.In addition, sufficient drying of the fire protection material under the conditions according to the invention supports the excellent flowability of the fire protection material and prevents the formation of lumps.

[0042] The application of the hydrophobizing agent in the particular embodiment according to claim 10 is carried out by means of conventional methods, for example by means of a rotary drum method.

[0043] In the case where a hydrophobizing agent is applied to the carrier material prior to the application of the coating material in step (b), the drying of the carrier material coated therewith in step (c) preferably takes place under the temperature and time conditions specified in claim 10, step (e), which enable gentle yet effective removal of volatile components to the required extent. Drying preferably takes place in air because this is the simplest and most cost-effective method.

[0044] The present invention further comprises a fire protection molding according to claim 12, the fire protection molding containing or consisting of: a carrier material (T); and an adhesive; wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 , preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; and the adhesive meets the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A1, preferably being a water glass-based adhesive; wherein the fire protection molded part further comprises a coating material (S); wherein the coating material (S) is applied to the fire protection molded part; wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D); where the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the diluent (V).

[0045] The advantages of the carrier material used in the fire protection material according to the invention discussed above apply analogously to the fire protection molded part according to the invention. The fire protection molded part according to the invention can have virtually any shape, in particular any three-dimensional body, for example, with a curved surface. Examples of the shape of the fire protection molded part according to the invention are: cuboids, embossed parts, flat parts, half-shells, half-spheres, etc.

[0046] The inventor of the present application has surprisingly discovered that the above-defined fire protection molded part exhibits a surprisingly high fire protection effect, as it at least meets the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A2. Furthermore, the fire protection molded part according to the invention is characterized by good mechanical properties, such as sufficient mechanical strength, lightness, high weather resistance, and a water-repellent structure. Furthermore, it can have a form-fitting shape, individually adapted to the object to be protected depending on the specific application.

[0047] The adhesive in the fire-resistant molded part can be, for example, a low-viscosity, non-flammable, water-based A1 one-component adhesive, for example, containing rock and basalt microfiber. An example of a suitable adhesive is LR Cerammatrix 01-50, distributed by CBG Composites GmbH, Wipperfürth, Germany. The adhesive in the fire-resistant molded part ensures the flowability of the mixture when poured into the mold and ensures the mechanical stability of the molded part according to the invention.

[0048] A mass ratio of carrier material to adhesive in the fire protection molding in the range of 40:60 to 90:10 has proven to be an ideal compromise between mechanical stability and optimal fire protection. If the fire protection molding contains too little adhesive, it is prone to breakage, has less mechanical strength, and the adhesive effect on the carrier material embedded in or coated with the adhesive may be insufficient. If too much adhesive is used, however, the manufacturing costs of the resulting fire protection molding increase unnecessarily, and the fire protection effect may be impaired.

[0049] In the fire protection molding according to the invention, a coating material that expands or foams when exposed to heat is applied to the fire protection molding. It is important that the coating material is applied to the entire externally accessible surface of the fire protection molding, i.e., that it covers the entire surface of the fire protection molding. This further increases the fire protection effect of the fire protection molding. Applied to the surface of the fire protection molding, the heat-active coating material can fully develop its effect. In contrast, the coating material would be inhibited in its development of its effect if the coating material were applied to the granules of the carrier material and the granules were subsequently bonded together using the adhesive.In this case, the adhesive would prevent or even completely prevent the coating material from expanding or foaming properly when exposed to heat, thereby impairing the fire protection effect.

[0050] When used as intended, the fire protection molded part according to the invention preferably has a layer thickness of 6 to 20 cm, preferably 9 to 15 cm, in particular 10 to 14 cm.

[0051] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the coating material according to the invention and the fire protection molded part according to the invention optionally coated therewith contain neither a primer nor a primer. Both additives can advantageously be omitted according to the invention, since the inventor has discovered that, despite the omission of a primer and a primer in the coating material as well as in the fire protection material according to the invention as a whole, the adhesion of the coating material to the fire protection molded part is sufficient. Furthermore, omission of the primer and the primer reduces the fire load, which makes it easier to meet the requirements of building material class A2 or even A1. According to the invention, the term "primer" does not include the hydrophobizing agent as defined herein and as can be used in the fire protection molded part according to the invention.

[0052] An advantageous embodiment of the fire-protection molded part according to the invention is one in which the surface of the carrier material is first coated with a hydrophobizing agent, thereby partially or even completely smoothing out the irregularity of the surface of the carrier material. The adhesive is then applied to the surface of the carrier material, more precisely to the layer of hydrophobizing agent. In this embodiment, the need for or consumption of adhesive is advantageously reduced because the surface of the carrier material is smoothed due to the coating with the hydrophobizing agent. Furthermore, depending on the carrier material, the adhesion of the adhesive to the carrier material can be improved by the described use of the hydrophobizing agent.The same specifications, for example with regard to the layer thickness of the hydrophobizing agent, and the same advantages as discussed above in connection with the application of the hydrophobizing agent to the carrier material in the fire protection material according to the invention also apply analogously to the fire protection molded part according to the invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the present invention discloses a method according to claim 14 for producing a fire protection molded part. The method for producing a fire protection molded part (FT), preferably the fire protection molded part (FT) according to claim 12 or 13, comprises at least the following steps: (aa) providing a carrier material (T); wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 , preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; and wherein the carrier material (T) is preferably selected from the group consisting of perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, zeolite, foam glass and shell limestone; (bb) Mixing the carrier material (T) with an adhesive which meets the requirements which meets DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A1, preferably a water glass-based adhesive; wherein the mixing takes place in a mass ratio of fire protection material (B) to adhesive (fire protection material (B): adhesive) of 40:60 to 90:10; (cc) introducing the mixture obtained in step (bb) into a mold (M); (dd) preferably applying pressure to the mixture in the mold (M); and (ee) allowing the resulting shaped mixture to dry or harden, whereby the fire protection molded part (FT) is formed; (ff) after step (ee), applying a coating material (S) to the fire protection molded part (FT); wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D); where the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the diluent (V); (gg) drying the fire protection molding (FT) coated with the coating material (S), whereby a coated fire protection molding (FT) is obtained; wherein the drying is preferably carried out for 0.5 to 8 hours, in particular for 1 to 6 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80 °C, in particular 60 to 70 °C.

[0054] The advantages discussed in connection with the fire protection molded part according to the invention and its components apply analogously to the process according to the invention for its production.

[0055] Mixing in step (bb) is carried out using conventional methods or devices, preferably also using a rotary drum method, with the aim of achieving a homogeneous distribution of the carrier material granules in the adhesive or a uniform coating of the carrier material granules with the adhesive. A completely homogeneous distribution of the carrier material in the adhesive is desirable, but not absolutely necessary according to the invention.

[0056] The optional application of pressure in step (dd) can be carried out, for example, by pressing or compacting according to conventional methods.

[0057] The drying or curing of the molded mixture in step (ee) preferably takes place under the following temperature and time conditions: 2 to 36 hours, preferably 8 to 12 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80 °C, preferably 60 to 70 °C. These conditions enable gentle yet effective removal of volatile components from the fire-protection molding to the required extent. Drying preferably takes place in air because this is the simplest and most cost-effective method.

[0058] The drying of the fire protection molding according to the invention in step (ee) causes outgassing of solvent or other combustible components of the fire protection molding during subsequent intended use of the fire protection material according to the invention, which would mean a deterioration of the fire protection effect.

[0059] Finally, the use of a carrier material (T) for producing a fire protection material (B), preferably a free-flowing fire protection material (B), or a fire protection molded part (FT) is disclosed; wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 , preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; and wherein the carrier material (T) is preferably selected from the group consisting of perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, zeolite, foam glass and shell limestone.

[0060] The advantages discussed in connection with the fire protection material according to the invention and its components, in particular the flowability of the fire protection material produced therewith, apply analogously to the use of the carrier material described above.

[0061] According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if, in the fire protection material according to the invention, the carrier material is substantially completely or entirely covered with the coating material, which means that the externally accessible surface of the carrier material is substantially completely or entirely covered with the coating material (= degree of coverage (= proportion of the surface covered or coated with the coating material to the total externally accessible surface of the carrier material) with the coating material > 95% or preferably > 99% or in particular 100%). Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if, in the process according to the invention, the fire protection material is completely or entirely covered with the coating material. The same applies to the application of the hydrophobizing agent to the carrier material.Here, too, the carrier material is or will be substantially completely covered or fully covered with the hydrophobizing agent. The same applies to the application of the coating material to the carrier material coated with the hydrophobizing agent. Here, too, the carrier material coated with the hydrophobizing agent is or will be substantially completely covered or fully covered with the coating material.

[0062] Examples of a fire protection material according to the invention are described below: Example 1: Fire protection material without hydrophobic agent

[0063] A portion of 600 g of perlite grains (available as “Bachl DS Perlite Insulation Fill” or “Bachl ES Perlite Screed Fill” from Karl Bachl Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH & Co. KG, Röhrnbach / Germany; sieved to a grain size of 3 to 5 mm) as a carrier material with a volume of 8 liters was placed in a rotating drum of a rotary drum device (available as “Rotamat R80” Walther Trowal GmbH & Co. KG, Haan / Germany; drum inclination 35 °), and a coating material (450 g; composition as described below) was allowed to flow into the carrier material at 100 rpm drum rotation over a period of several minutes and then rotated for a further 10 minutes at room temperature, from which the fire protection material according to the invention according to Example 1 was obtained.

[0064] In Example 1, the coating material is a mixture consisting of a hardener (250 g) and a thinner (200 g) with the following composition: Hardener: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), 62.4% by mass; Hydrocarbons, C9, Aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), 33% by mass; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), 0.4%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), 0.2% by mass; and n-butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), 4% by mass; where the respective mass fraction refers to the mass of the hardener; and Thinners: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), 38% by mass; butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), 23% by mass; ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), 16% by mass; and n-butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), 23% by mass; where the respective mass fraction refers to the mass of the thinner. Example 2: Fire protection material with hydrophobic agent

[0065] A portion of 600 g of perlite grains (available as “Bachl DS Perlite Insulation Fill” or “Bachl ES Perlite Screed Fill” from Karl Bachl Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH & Co. KG, Röhrnbach / Germany; sieved to a grain size of 3 to 5 mm) as a carrier material with a volume of 8 liters was placed in a rotating drum of a rotary drum device (available as “Rotamat R80” Walther Trowal GmbH & Co. KG, Haan / Germany; drum inclination 35 °), and 150 g of a hydrophobizing agent (water-dispersed fluoropolymer; available as “Sikagard®-790 All-in-One Protect” from Sika Deutschland GmbH, Stuttgart / Germany) were allowed to flow into the carrier material at 100 rpm for several minutes and then rotated for a further 10 minutes at room temperature. The carrier material coated with the hydrophobic agent was then left to rest for 15 minutes to allow the hydrophobic agent to continue to act.Then, the coating material (450 g; composition identical to Example 1) was placed into the rotating drum of the rotary drum device and coated at 100 rpm for 10 min at room temperature, from which the inventive fire protection material according to Example 2 was obtained. Example 3: Fire protection molding and manufacturing process

[0066] Manufacturing process for the fire protection molded part according to the invention: The fire protection material according to Example 1 is mixed with an A1 one-component adhesive (available as "LR Cerammatrix 01-50" from CBG Composites GmbH, Wipperfürth / Germany) (mass ratio of carrier material to adhesive 85:15) and homogenized. The mixture, which has a creamy consistency, is poured into a mold (half-shell; half iron pipe DN 110) to a length of 400 to 1200 mm, depending on the requirements, up to approximately 20 mm below the upper edge. To prevent the mixture from adhering to the mold wall, the inner surface of the mold is lined with a conventional release liner of building material class A2 before filling with the mixture. The embossing die can also be covered with such a liner to prevent the adhesive from adhering to the embossing die or to the half-shell.The mixture is then lightly pressed using a semicircular die (DN 50) until it reaches the top of the mold. Excess raw material is removed with a trowel. The resulting molded part is then removed from the mold and allowed to air dry for 10 hours at 65°C. Finally, the molded part is coated on all sides with the coating material described in Example 1, producing the fire protection molded part according to the invention.

Claims

[1] Fire protection material (B) for filling cable troughs, closed cable routes, installation shafts and other hollow bodies and / or for forming a shaped part; wherein the fire protection material (B) has a carrier material (T); wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 , preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; wherein the fire protection material (B) further comprises a coating material (S); wherein the coating material (S) is applied to the carrier material (T); wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D); wherein the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the diluent (V). [2] Fire protection material (B) according to claim 1, wherein the carrier material (T) is selected from the group consisting of perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, zeolite, foam glass and shell lime. [3] Fire protection material (B) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fire protection material (B) is free-flowing; and / or has a flow time of 2 to 120 seconds, preferably 5 to 90 seconds, in particular 40 to 70 seconds, measured according to DIN EN ISO 6186. [4] Fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coating material (S) contains a one-component material (1K); wherein the one-component material (1K) preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%); Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the one-component material (1K). [5] Fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fire protection material (B) further comprises a hydrophobizing agent (H); wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is applied to the carrier material (T), and the coating material (S) is applied to the hydrophobizing agent (H), or the hydrophobizing agent (H) is formed as a layer between the carrier material (T) and the coating material (S); wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is preferably a hydrophobizing agent based on alkoxysilane, alkoxysiloxane, alkylpolysiloxane or alkali metal siliconate, in particular polydimethylsiloxane; and wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) has preferably been applied to the carrier material (T) by means of a rotary drum process. [6] Fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) has a layer thickness of 15 to 60 µm, preferably 25 to 45 µm, in particular 30 to 40 µm. [7] Method for producing a fire protection material (B), preferably the fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 6, at least with the steps: (a) providing a carrier material (T); wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; and wherein the carrier material (T) is preferably selected from the group consisting of perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, zeolite, foam glass and shell limestone; (b) applying a coating material (S) to the carrier material (T); wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D); wherein the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the diluent (V); (c) drying the carrier material (T) coated with the coating material (S), thereby obtaining the fire protection material (B); wherein the drying is preferably carried out for 0.5 to 8 hours, in particular for 1 to 6 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80°C, in particular 60 to 70°C. [8] Method according to claim 7, wherein the fire protection material (B) is free-flowing; and / or has a flow time of 2 to 120 seconds, preferably 5 to 90 seconds, in particular 40 to 70 seconds, measured according to DIN EN ISO 6186. [9] Method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a one-component material (1K); wherein the one-component material (1K) preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the one-component material (1K). [10] A method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising the steps of: (d) before step (b), applying a hydrophobizing agent (H) to the carrier material (T), preferably directly to the carrier material (T), wherein the application is preferably carried out by means of a rotary drum process; wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is preferably a hydrophobizing agent based on alkoxysilane, alkoxysiloxane, alkylpolysiloxane or alkali metal siliconate, in particular polydimethylsiloxane; wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is preferably applied to the carrier material (T) in a layer thickness of 15 to 60 µm, preferably 25 to 45 µm, in particular 30 to 40 µm; and (e) after step (d) and before step (b), drying the support material (T) coated with the hydrophobizing agent (H); wherein the drying is preferably carried out for 0.25 to 4 hours, in particular for 0.5 to 2 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80°C, in particular 60 to 70°C. [11] Fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 6 and / or produced by the method according to one of claims 7 to 10. [12] Fire protection moulding (FT), containing or consisting of: a carrier material (T); and an adhesive; wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3 , preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; and the adhesive meets the requirements of DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A1, preferably a water glass-based adhesive; wherein the fire protection molded part (FT) further comprises a coating material (S); wherein the coating material (S) is applied to the fire protection molded part (FT); wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D); where the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the diluent (V). [13] Fire protection molding (FT) according to claim 12, wherein a mass ratio of the carrier material (T) to the adhesive in the fire protection molding (FT) (carrier material (T):adhesive) is 40:60 to 90:10; and / or wherein the adhesive has been applied to the fire protection material (B) by means of a rotary drum process. [14] Method for producing a fire protection molded part (FT), preferably the fire protection molded part (FT) claim 12 or 13, at least with the steps: (aa) Providing a carrier material (T); wherein the carrier material (T) is a granulate of grains, wherein at least 80 mass percent, preferably at least 90 mass percent, in particular at least 95 mass percent, of the carrier material (T) are grains with a grain size of > 2 mm to < 9 mm, preferably > 3 mm to < 6 mm, measured according to DIN 66165-1:2022-06 and DIN 66165-2:2016-08; wherein the carrier material (T) has a density of 0.02 to < 1.00 g / cm 3, preferably > 0.04 to < 0.80 g / cm 3 , in particular > 0.05 to < 0.40 g / cm 3 , has; wherein the carrier material (T) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to < 0.150 W / mK, preferably > 0.015 to < 0.100 W / mK, preferably > 0.020 to < 0.080 W / mK, in particular > 0.030 to < 0.070 W / mK; and wherein the carrier material (T) is preferably selected from the group consisting of perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, zeolite, foam glass and shell limestone; (bb) Mixing the carrier material (T) with an adhesive which meets the requirements which meets DIN 4102-1:1998-05 for building material class A1, preferably a water glass-based adhesive; wherein the mixing takes place in a mass ratio of fire protection material (B) to adhesive (fire protection material (B): adhesive) of 40:60 to 90:10; (cc) introducing the mixture obtained in step (bb) into a mold (M); (dd) preferably applying pressure to the mixture in the mold (M); and (ee) drying or curing the resulting molded mixture, thereby forming the fire protection molding (FT); wherein the drying or curing is preferably carried out for 2 to 36 hours, in particular for 8 to 12 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80 °C, in particular 60 to 70 °C; (ff) after step (ee), applying a coating material (S) to the fire protection molding (FT); wherein the coating material (S) has a layer thickness of 40 to 150 µm, preferably 60 to 100 µm, in particular 70 to 90 µm; wherein the coating material (S) expands or foams when exposed to heat; wherein the coating material (S) contains or consists of a hardener (D) and a thinner (V); where the hardener (D) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the hardener (D); wherein the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the diluent (V); (gg) Drying the coated with the coating material (S) Fire protection molding (FT), whereby a coated fire protection molding (FT) is obtained; wherein the drying is preferably carried out for 0.5 to 8 hours, in particular for 1 to 6 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80 °C, in particular 60 to 70 °C. [15] The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps of: (mm) before step (bb), applying a hydrophobizing agent (H) to the carrier material (T), preferably directly to the carrier material (T), wherein the application is preferably carried out by means of a rotary drum process; wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is preferably a hydrophobizing agent based on alkoxysilane, alkoxysiloxane, alkylpolysiloxane or alkali siliconate, in particular polydimethylsiloxane; wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is preferably applied to the carrier material (T) in a layer thickness of 15 to 60 µm, preferably 25 to 45 µm, in particular 30 to 40 µm; and (nn) after step (mm) and before step (bb), drying the carrier material (T) coated with the hydrophobizing agent (H); wherein the drying is preferably carried out for 0.25 to 4 hours, in particular for 0.5 to 2 hours, at a temperature of 40 to 80 °C, in particular 60 to 70 °C. [16] Method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the coating material (S) contains a one-component material (1K); wherein the one-component material (1K) preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the one-component material (1K). [17] Fire protection molded part (FT) according to claim 12 or 13 and / or produced by the method according to one of claims 14 to 16. [18] Fire protection molding (FT) according to one of claims 12, 13 or 17, wherein the fire protection molding (FT) further comprises a hydrophobizing agent (H); wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is applied to the carrier material (T), preferably directly to the carrier material (T); wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) is preferably a hydrophobizing agent based on alkoxysilane, alkoxysiloxane, alkylpolysiloxane or alkali metal siliconate, in particular polydimethylsiloxane; and wherein the hydrophobizing agent (H) has preferably been applied to the carrier material (T) by means of a rotary drum process.