Motor vehicle and methods for operating a motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle (100) with at least one seat (102) in which a matrix (104) of pairs (106) of pressure sensors (108) and vibration modules (110) is embedded, comprising the steps: - Detecting a pressure distribution using the pressure sensors (108) of the matrix (104), wherein the pressure sensors (108) subjected to pressure are identified, - Detecting an activation signal to respond to at least one of the vibration modules (110), and - vibratory operation of those vibration modules (110) and / or output of a vibration pattern by means of those vibration modules (110) which form a pair (106) with the pressurized pressure sensors (108). The invention also relates to a motor vehicle (100) with a control unit (112) for carrying out the method.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a motor vehicle and a method for operating a motor vehicle with a seat in which at least one vibration module is embedded.

[0002] In the area of ​​vehicle seats, existing sensors are primarily used for occupant detection for safety functions, such as airbag activation or seatbelt reminders. These sensors are not widely used for user interaction. Vibration elements in vehicle seats are currently rarely used and are mostly limited to comfort applications such as massage functions, without being integrated into the interaction with other vehicle functions.

[0003] Current occupant detection systems are predominantly based on simple pressure sensors or capacitive sensors that detect the presence of an occupant, but do not provide precise data about the seating position or individual seating pattern. The integration of these systems with feedback or communication systems has not yet been implemented in a practical way.

[0004] The exclusive use of visual and acoustic feedback in the vehicle leads to several functional and safety-related limitations. Visual feedback, such as that provided via displays or head-up displays, requires the user to take their eyes off the road, which significantly increases the risk of distractions. This can impair driving safety.

[0005] Acoustic feedback is also limited, as it is less perceptible in noisy environments, such as at high speeds. This is further exacerbated when multiple audio signals are playing simultaneously in the vehicle, such as music, navigation instructions, or conversations. Furthermore, acoustic signals can be perceived by multiple occupants at the same time, meaning the feedback is not tailored to the individual interacting with the system. This can lead to potential confusion or unnecessary distraction for occupants who should not be involved in the interaction.

[0006] Another disadvantage lies in the lack of personalization of existing systems. Current technologies offer no way to adapt feedback to the individual preferences or specific requirements of the user. As a result, the interaction remains impersonal and less intuitive. Furthermore, a distinction between driver and front passenger is either not made or only partially made, meaning, for example, that inputs from the front passenger to voice control systems do not receive targeted feedback. This reduces the effectiveness of interaction within the vehicle's interior.

[0007] Furthermore, there is a lack of targeted integration of feedback systems into seat comfort. Seat-based technologies, such as massage or heating elements, are not linked to interaction systems at the time of priority of this application. This results in vibrations for feedback either being unavailable or existing vibration functions not being used to convey feedback clearly and understandably. This lack of integration limits the range of functions and comfort for the occupants.

[0008] Finally, the aspect of safety remains a weakness in the feedback systems known at the time of priority of this application. Targeted haptic feedback, focused on the driver and relieving the burden on visual and auditory perception, would be particularly advantageous in safety-critical situations, such as navigation instructions or warnings. The absence of such a function means that existing systems contribute less effectively to increasing driving safety.

[0009] WO 2024 / 235 644 A1 describes a vehicle haptic system integrated into a vehicle seat. The seat features multiple haptic actuators arranged along the central longitudinal axis (back / spine area) and laterally offset (kidney area) in the backrest. These actuators can independently generate different vibration signals to provide targeted haptic feedback or massage effects to various parts of the occupant's body. Pressure sensors detect the occupant's presence and position, ensuring the haptic system is only activated when the seat is occupied. The control system allows users to customize the haptic feedback. The system can operate independently for multiple seats and is designed to enhance comfort, entertainment, and the perception of audio signals (e.g., for the hearing impaired).

[0010] EP 4 360 946 A1 describes a system for informing vehicle occupants about impending changes in vehicle movement using haptic feedback. The system consists of several actuators (e.g., vibration motors or moving parts) in the vehicle seat, a driver assistance system unit, and a control unit. The control unit receives information about upcoming driving maneuvers (e.g., acceleration, braking, cornering) from the driver assistance system and then controls the actuators in the seat.

[0011] WO 2021 / 026 513 A1 describes a system and method for controlling vibrotactile feedback (vibrations) in vehicle seats or other objects with embedded actuators. The system uses pressure sensors to determine whether an occupant is sitting in the seat. Vibrations are generated depending on the detected pressure; if no pressure is present, the actuators remain inactive. The system can be used for haptic warnings (e.g., lane departure warning, door open, etc.) or to enhance the audio experience.

[0012] Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a motor vehicle that take into account at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0013] This problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 1 and by a motor vehicle having the features of claim 10. Advantageous embodiments with expedient further developments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0014] The inventive method for operating a motor vehicle with at least one seat in which a matrix of pairs of pressure sensors and vibration modules is embedded comprises the following steps: - Detecting a pressure distribution using the matrix's pressure sensors, whereby the pressure sensors subjected to pressure are identified, - Detecting an activation signal to respond to at least one of the vibration modules, and - vibratory operation of those vibration modules and / or output of a vibration pattern by means of those vibration modules that form a pair with the pressurized pressure sensors.

[0015] This has the advantage of relieving the visual and auditory strain on the occupant in that seat. Haptic signals reach the tactile senses directly, allowing feedback to be perceived immediately without, for example, the driver having to take their eyes off the road. This significantly reduces distraction and improves concentration on the road.

[0016] The use of the matrix allows for haptic communication regardless of body size or seating position, which can be tailored to the user, particularly with regard to intensity and signal transmission location.

[0017] The process therefore preferably involves continuous print pattern recognition and continuous print pattern evaluation across the matrix.

[0018] It is advantageous to have multiple seats in which the matrix of pressure sensor and vibration module pairs is embedded. The system first detects whether the seat is occupied and then identifies the pressure sensors, and thus the pairs, that are under pressure. Only those actuators or vibration modules should then be activated, or be activatable, for which pressure has been determined via a pressure sensor reading.

[0019] In this context, it is advantageous for the pressure sensors and / or vibration modules of one seat to operate independently of those of a second seat. This allows for targeted differentiation between the driver's and front passenger's seats. This is also possible for the rear seats. This design enables precise and personalized feedback. By integrating an occupant detection system, feedback is sent specifically to the occupant who initiated the interaction. This prevents confusion for other occupants and facilitates clear communication between the vehicle and the respective user. Furthermore, the haptic signals can be individually customized, for example, in terms of intensity, pattern, and duration. This ensures intuitive and user-friendly operation tailored to the user's preferences.

[0020] Vibrations, due to their interaction with vehicle-road feedback, are relevant to driving safety and therefore not beneficial in every driving situation. It is thus advantageous if the frequency of the vibration from the vibration modules is predetermined depending on the driving situation. Alternatively or additionally, it is planned that the intensity of the vibration from the vibration modules is predetermined depending on the driving situation.

[0021] Furthermore, it is possible for the vibration modules to be operated depending on the vehicle speed, and / or depending on the steering angle, and / or depending on the lateral force of the vehicle. Lateral force is the force acting on the vehicle perpendicular to the direction of travel, particularly when cornering. It arises from lateral acceleration and is crucial for the vehicle's driving dynamics and stability in curves. Lateral force ensures that the vehicle follows the curve and is transmitted to the road surface by the tires. Steering angle refers to the angle by which the front wheels of a vehicle are turned from their straight-ahead position when the steering wheel is turned. It indicates how sharply the steering wheel is turned to navigate a curve or change direction.

[0022] Vibration modules can be operated, for example, based on the steering angle. The vehicle's control unit detects the current steering angle and derives a vibration pattern from it. If the steering angle exceeds a certain threshold or changes significantly, the control unit can selectively activate vibration modules in the seat. For instance, when turning sharply to the left, the vibration modules on the left side of the seat can be activated to alert the driver to the curve or prepare them for an upcoming change of direction. The intensity, timing, and direction of the vibrations can be controlled proportionally to the steering angle. Such haptic feedback helps the driver to mentally and physically prepare for the driving dynamics and increases safety and situational awareness.

[0023] It is advantageous if the vibration modules are operated based on data from a navigation system. In this way, the system or method contributes to increasing overall vehicle functionality. Networking with other systems in the vehicle—such as the navigation system, safety features, or infotainment system—creates comprehensive integration for haptic feedback. For example, navigation instructions can be provided via vibrations in the driver's seat, while the front passenger remains undisturbed. This increases comfort and efficiency in vehicle use.

[0024] It is advantageous to store multiple different vibration patterns in non-volatile memory, and to have one of these patterns output by the vibration modules depending on the type of activation signal. The ability to use different vibration patterns and frequencies increases the versatility of the system and the procedure. Different types of feedback—such as navigation instructions, warnings, or confirmations—can be communicated by outputting varying vibrations. This allows for differentiation of feedback without the need for additional visual or audible signals. In safety-critical situations, haptic warnings can be specifically amplified to immediately capture the driver's attention.

[0025] For increased safety, it is advantageous to restrict the selection of available vibration patterns depending on the driving situation and / or the user. In critical situations, for example, haptic feedback can be limited to safety-critical signals. A user-specific selection of vibration patterns is also possible, as certain vibration frequencies or patterns may be painful for individuals with kidney or back problems, which should be avoided.

[0026] The advantages, advantageous configurations and effects explained in connection with the method according to the invention apply in the same way to the motor vehicle according to the invention.

[0027] This assembly consists of at least one seat in which a matrix of pairs of pressure sensors and vibration modules is embedded. It includes a control unit configured to execute the procedure as previously described in its various forms.

[0028] The vibration modules are based, for example, on piezoelectric actuators, as these enable compact designs, high response speeds, and precise control. The vibration modules are integrated into the seat structure and located at strategically relevant positions, such as in the seat cushion (e.g., below the thigh) and / or in the backrest (e.g., in the lumbar region). This arrangement allows for differentiated feedback that is both localized and pleasantly perceptible. Each vibration module preferably has several independent actuators that can cover different frequency ranges, from subtle low frequencies (around 20 Hertz) for gentle feedback to higher frequencies (around 250 Hertz) for more intense haptic feedback.The at least one actuator of the vibration module is embedded in a sound-insulating housing to prevent the transmission of disruptive noise into the interior. Preferably, a thermal protection mechanism is provided to prevent the vibration modules from overheating, even during extended use. The vibration modules and sensors are thus preferably protected against vehicle vibrations and extreme temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C. An automatic fault diagnosis system detects defects in real time and reports them to the control unit and / or a higher-level vehicle control unit.

[0029] Occupant detection is preferably achieved through a combination of capacitive sensors and matrix pressure sensors. For example, the capacitive sensors are integrated into the seat surface and measure changes in the electric field to detect the presence and position of an occupant. Additionally, the matrix pressure sensors, which are located particularly under the seat and / or backrest upholstery, capture detailed pressure patterns. These provide information about the occupant's precise sitting position and posture.

[0030] To differentiate between the driver, front passenger, and other occupants, captured pressure patterns can be compared with a stored model. This primarily utilizes machine learning algorithms that can recognize and evaluate individual seating habits and weight differences. Continuous calibration automatically accounts for changes such as wearing thick clothing or altering posture.

[0031] The control unit for carrying out the method is preferably a microcontroller providing high computing power. In particular, the control unit combines sensor data with the requirements of haptic feedback. It is possible for the control unit to receive input from voice control systems and be configured to translate this input—preferably with AI support—into specific vibration patterns. The control unit runs a real-time operating system (RTOS) that ensures low latency. Input from sensors or the activation signal is processed within milliseconds, resulting in vibration that is almost synchronous with user interaction. An integrated software library can include predefined vibration patterns that correspond to the respective types of interaction.For example, a short double vibration is used for positive confirmation, while a longer pulsating vibration signals an error.

[0032] The control unit is preferably integrated into a central vehicle control system via a bus system, in particular via the CAN bus or Ethernet-based networks (e.g., Automotive Ethernet). This enables seamless integration with other functions such as the navigation system, safety warnings, or media control.

[0033] The system can utilize a wireless communication protocol, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), or a wired protocol, such as a LIN bus, to ensure that the control unit can directly control the vibration modules. Each seat module preferably has a unique identifier (ID) so that the control unit can ensure that only the correct seat receives feedback, i.e., the output of the vibration pattern. To prevent interference between seats, frequencies and signal strengths are preferably adjusted dynamically.

[0034] Furthermore, a collaborative feedback procedure is preferably implemented, in which the system regularly checks whether feedback has been addressed correctly. To do this, it specifically measures whether the occupant reacts to the feedback (e.g., by changing their seating position or by providing acoustic confirmation).

[0035] The control unit is particularly capable of storing personalized profiles for each user. These profiles are either set manually via the infotainment system or automatically recognized by the system analyzing individual pressure patterns of seating behavior. For example, feedback for a front passenger is reduced if the system detects that person is resting, in order to increase comfort.

[0036] Furthermore, adaptivity can be achieved through algorithms based on machine learning. These AI-supported algorithms continuously analyze user interactions and adjust the intensity, duration, and / or frequency of vibrations to the user's preferences.

[0037] To minimize driver distraction, the intensity of the vibrations is monitored. In critical situations, such as at high speeds or when cornering, haptic feedback is limited to safety-critical signals.

[0038] The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as those subsequently mentioned in the figure description and / or shown in the figures alone, can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, embodiments that are not explicitly shown or explained in the figures, but which can be derived and generated from the explained embodiments by separate combinations of features, are also to be considered as encompassed and disclosed by the invention.

[0039] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the following description of preferred embodiments, and the drawings. These show: Fig. 1 an illustration of an interior of a motor vehicle according to the invention, and Fig. 2 a model for haptic feedback via the vibration modules in the seat of the motor vehicle Fig. 1.

[0040] The in Fig. A motor vehicle 100, shown only schematically, comprises in its interior a first seat 102, the driver's seat, and a second seat 102, the passenger seat. Additional rear seats are present, which are not shown in detail. A matrix 104 consisting of pairs 106 of pressure sensors 108 and vibration modules 110 is embedded in each of the driver's seat and / or the passenger seat and / or the rear seats. For occupant detection, each of the pressure sensors 108 is also assigned a capacitive sensor, resulting in a sensor array of capacitive sensors analogous to the matrix 104. The pressure sensors 108 and the vibration modules 110 of a first seat 102 can be operated independently of the pressure sensors 108 and the vibration modules 110 of a second seat 102.This allows for targeted control, so that one, several or all of the occupants can be specifically provided with haptic feedback via the vibration modules 110.

[0041] For this purpose, the vehicle 100 includes a control unit 112, which is configured to carry out a procedure with the following steps: - Detecting a pressure distribution using the pressure sensors 108 of the matrix 104, wherein the pressure sensors 108 subjected to pressure are identified, - Detecting an activation signal to respond to the vibration modules 110, and - vibratory operation of those vibration modules 110 and / or output of a vibration pattern by means of those vibration modules 110 which form a pair 106 with the pressurized pressure sensors 108.

[0042] In this way, a vibration or vibration pattern for haptic feedback can be specifically triggered where an occupant is located or sitting. For this purpose, a number of different vibration patterns are stored in a non-volatile memory of the control unit 112, whereby, depending on the type of activation signal, one of the vibration patterns is output by the vibration modules 110 at the relevant seat 102.

[0043] Because vibrations are relevant to driving safety due to their superposition with vehicle-road feedback and are therefore not useful in every driving situation, the selection of output vibration patterns is restricted depending on the driving situation and / or user.

[0044] Since several of the seats 102 are present, in which the matrix 104 of pairs 106 of pressure sensors 108 and vibration modules 110 are embedded, it is first detected whether the seat 102 is occupied, and then those pressure sensors 108 and thus pairs are identified which are pressurized.

[0045] The frequency of vibration of the vibration modules 110 is predetermined depending on the driving situation. The intensity of the vibration of the vibration modules 110 is also predetermined depending on the driving situation. The vibration modules 110 can be operated depending on the vehicle speed 100. Furthermore, the vibration modules 110 can be operated depending on the steering angle. The vibration modules 110 can also be operated depending on the lateral force of the vehicle 100. Additionally, the vibration modules 110 can be operated depending on data from a navigation system.

[0046] In Fig.Figure 2 illustrates a vehicle feedback system that reflects the aforementioned procedure. An occupant detection system 114 performs detection using pressure sensors 108 (S100 = "Occupant detection"). The control unit 112 analyzes the sensor data (S200 = "Sensor data analysis") and selects a vibration pattern stored in memory based on this analyzed sensor data in order to provide this selected vibration pattern to the vibration modules 110 (S300 = "Send vibration pattern"). The vibration modules 110, or their associated pressure sensors 108, optionally provide feedback to the control unit 112 (S400 = "Feedback"). Depending on the analyzed sensor data, control commands can also be transmitted to a communication system 116 of the vehicle 100 (S500 = "Forward control commands").Furthermore, synchronization of the modules, in particular the modules of the communication system 116 and the vibration modules 110, can take place (S600 = "Module synchronization"). Depending on the analyzed sensor data, at least one signal can also be transmitted to a vehicle control system 118 (S700 = "Signal to vehicle control"). Optionally, the vehicle control system 118 provides corresponding feedback to the control unit 112 (S800 = "Feedback to control").

[0047] The technical system described in the motor vehicle 100 according to the invention and the method according to the invention offer a highly precise, safe and intuitive way to integrate haptic feedback into the vehicle interior, ensuring a clear distinction between the occupants.

[0048] Thanks to its modular design, it can be easily adapted to different vehicle types and vehicle configurations. REFERENCE MARK LIST: 100 motor vehicles 102 seats 104 Matrix 106 pairs 108 Pressure sensor 110 Vibration module 112 Control unit 114 Occupant detection system 116 Communication system 118 Vehicle control system QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2024 / 235 644 A1

[0009] EP 4 360 946 A1

[0010] WO 2021 / 026 513 A1

[0011]

Claims

[1] Method for operating a motor vehicle (100) with at least one seat (102) in which a matrix (104) of pairs (106) of pressure sensors (108) and vibration modules (110) is embedded, comprising the steps: - Detecting a pressure distribution using the pressure sensors (108) of the matrix (104), wherein the pressure sensors (108) subjected to pressure are identified, - Detecting an activation signal to respond to at least one of the vibration modules (110), and - vibratory operation of those vibration modules (110) and / or output of a vibration pattern by means of those vibration modules (110) which form a pair (106) with the pressurized pressure sensors (108). [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by, that several seats (102) are present in which the matrix (104) of pairs (106) of pressure sensors (108) and vibration modules (110) are embedded, whereby it is first detected whether the seat (102) is occupied, and subsequently those pressure sensors (108) and thus pairs (106) are identified which are subjected to pressure. [3] Method according to claim 2, characterized by , that the pressure sensors (108) of a first of the seats (102) are operated independently of the pressure sensors (108) of a second of the seats (102). [4] Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the frequency of the vibration of the vibration modules (110) is predetermined depending on the driving situation. [5] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the intensity of the vibration of the vibration modules (110) is predetermined depending on the driving situation. [6] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by, that the vibration modules (110) are operated depending on a driving speed, and / or that the vibration modules (110) are operated depending on a steering angle, and / or that the vibration modules (110) are operated depending on a lateral force of the vehicle (100). [7] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by , that the vibration modules (110) are operated depending on data from a navigation system. [8] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by , that a plurality of different vibration patterns are stored in a non-volatile memory, and that depending on a type of activation signal, one of the vibration patterns is output by the vibration modules (110). [9] Method according to claim 8, characterized by , that the selection of output vibration patterns is limited depending on the driving situation and / or user. [10] Motor vehicle (100) with at least one seat (102) in which a matrix (104) of pairs (106) of pressure sensors (108) and vibration modules (110) is embedded, and with a control unit (112) configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images