Lightweight wheel with good thermomechanical properties

Abstract

The present application discloses a lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties, wherein its spoke plate has a corrugated structure and the outer contour line and the inner contour line of the spoke plate each consist of several interconnected arc segments, wherein the arc segments forming the outer contour line comprise a first arc segment, a fourth arc segment, a sixth arc segment, an eighth arc segment and a tenth arc segment, wherein the arc segments forming the inner contour line comprise a second arc segment, a third arc segment, a fifth arc segment, a seventh arc segment, a ninth arc segment, an eleventh arc segment and a twelfth arc segment.The present application effectively achieves the goal of making the wheel lighter by adjusting different arc radii and circle center positions, and moderately reduces the radial strength of the spoke plate. During thermal deformation during braking, the spoke plate and rim deform more along the diameter direction, thereby reducing the tendency of the spoke plate and rim to deform along the axial direction. This improves the stress state of the wheel under the influence of braking heat and ensures that the wheel has good thermomechanical properties and good fatigue behavior.

Description

Technical field The present application belongs to the technical field of railway wheels and specifically relates to a lightweight railway wheel with good thermomechanical properties. Background technology Currently, lightweight construction is the development trend in the design of railway wheels both domestically and internationally, as it can effectively reduce unsprung mass and lower energy consumption. Furthermore, in railway wheels with profile brakes, the heat generated during braking increases or decreases the axial distance between the rim and the hub. This, in turn, increases or decreases the distance between the rims of two railway wheels on an axle, which can lead to derailment or increased flange wear. Additionally, during the braking deformation process, the compressive residual stress in the rim of the railway wheel gradually transforms into tensile residual stress. This tensile stress is detrimental to railway wheels and can easily lead to thermal cracks in the running surface, thus compromising the safe operation of railway trains. The spoke plate of a rail wheel is an important component. During operation, the spoke plate is subjected to alternating loads, and its strength is directly related to the safety of the rail train. Therefore, the spoke plate is a crucial element in the structural design and optimization of the wheel. The spoke plate structure should be lightweight while ensuring that the rail wheel exhibits good thermomechanical properties and fatigue resistance. Content of the invention In order to at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the aforementioned prior art, the present application presents a lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties, consisting of a hub, a spoke plate and a rim, wherein the spoke plate is formed in a wave shape, wherein the outer contour line and the inner contour line of the spoke plate each consist of several interconnected arc segments, wherein the arc segments forming the outer contour line of the spoke plate comprise a first arc segment, a fourth arc segment, a sixth arc segment, an eighth arc segment and a tenth arc segment, wherein the arc segments forming the inner contour line of the spoke plate comprise a second arc segment, a third arc segment, a fifth arc segment, a seventh arc segment, a ninth arc segment, an eleventh arc segment and a twelfth arc segment.wherein all arc segments are arranged as follows and adjacent arc segments are connected to each other, wherein the first arc segment is located in the middle position of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, wherein the radius of the first arc segment is 50 mm to 85 mm, and wherein the opening of the first arc segment faces the inside of the wheel; wherein the second arc segment is located in the middle of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the second arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, and wherein the radius of the second arc segment is 35 mm to 55 mm.wherein the opening of the second arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel; wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the third arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.35 to 0.45 times the wheel diameter, wherein the radius of the third arc segment is 60 mm to 100 mm, wherein the opening of the third arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel and wherein the third arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment; wherein the fourth arc segment and the fifth arc segment are located in a rim-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the fourth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fourth arc segment faces the outside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fourth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fourth arc segment is tangential to the outer edge line L2 of the two edge lines,which define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area; wherein the radius of the fifth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fifth arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fifth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fifth arc segment is tangential to the inner edge line L1 of the two edge lines that define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area, wherein the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area is 20 mm to 28 mm, wherein the distance D between the center line C with the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area and the inner rim surface is 60 mm to 80 mm; wherein the radius of the sixth arc segment is 30 mm to 80 mm, wherein the opening of the sixth arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel,and wherein the sixth arc segment is tangential to the first arc segment and the fourth arc segment; wherein the radius of the seventh arc segment is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, the opening of the seventh arc segment facing the inside of the wheel, and wherein the seventh arc segment is tangential to the third arc segment and the fifth arc segment; wherein the eighth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, the radius of the eighth arc segment being 20 mm to 45 mm, the distance between the center of the circle of the eighth arc segment and the wheel centerline being 125 mm to 165 mm, and the opening of the eighth arc segment facing the outside of the wheel,wherein an end of the eighth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the eighth arc segment is tangential to an outer inclined plane of the hub; wherein the ninth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the ninth arc segment is 25 mm to 50 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the ninth arc segment and the wheel centerline is 130 mm to 200 mm, wherein the opening of the ninth arc segment faces the inside of the wheel, wherein an end of the ninth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the ninth arc segment is tangential to an inner inclined plane of the hub; wherein the radius of the tenth arc segment is 35 mm to 80 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the tenth arc segment and the wheel centerline is set to 0.16 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter,wherein the opening of the tenth arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the tenth arc segment is tangential to the eighth arc segment and the first arc segment; wherein the radius of the eleventh arc segment is 50 mm to 160 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the eleventh arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.14 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the eleventh arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the eleventh arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment; wherein the radius of the twelfth arc segment is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the twelfth arc segment points to the inside of the wheel, and wherein the twelfth arc segment is tangential to the ninth arc segment and the eleventh arc segment. Furthermore, as described above, the wheel diameter is between 760mm and 840mm. On the other hand, this application also provides another lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties, wherein the diameter of the rail wheel is ≤730 mm, the rail wheel consisting of a hub, a spoke plate and a rim, the spoke plate being formed in a wave shape, the outer contour line and the inner contour line of the spoke plate each consisting of several interconnected arc segments, the arc segments forming the outer contour line of the spoke plate comprising a first arc segment, a fourth arc segment, a sixth arc segment, an eighth arc segment and a tenth arc segment, the arc segments forming the inner contour line of the spoke plate comprising a second arc segment, a third arc segment, a fifth arc segment, a seventh arc segment, a ninth arc segment and an eleventh arc segment.wherein all arc segments are arranged as follows and adjacent arc segments are connected to each other, wherein the first arc segment is located in the middle position of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, wherein the radius of the first arc segment is 50 mm to 85 mm, and wherein the opening of the first arc segment faces the inside of the wheel; wherein the second arc segment is located in the middle of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the second arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, and wherein the radius of the second arc segment is 35 mm to 55 mm.wherein the opening of the second arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel; wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the third arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.35 to 0.45 times the wheel diameter, wherein the radius of the third arc segment is 60 mm to 100 mm, wherein the opening of the third arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel and wherein the third arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment; wherein the fourth arc segment and the fifth arc segment are located in a rim-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the fourth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fourth arc segment faces the outside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fourth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fourth arc segment is tangential to the outer edge line L2 of the two edge lines,which define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area; wherein the radius of the fifth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fifth arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fifth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fifth arc segment is tangential to the inner edge line L1 of the two edge lines that define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area, wherein the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area is 20 mm to 28 mm, wherein the distance D between the center line C with the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area and the inner rim surface is 60 mm to 80 mm; wherein the radius of the sixth arc segment is 30 mm to 80 mm, wherein the opening of the sixth arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel,and wherein the sixth arc segment is tangential to the first arc segment and the fourth arc segment; wherein the radius of the seventh arc segment is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, the opening of the seventh arc segment facing the inside of the wheel, and wherein the seventh arc segment is tangential to the third arc segment and the fifth arc segment; wherein the eighth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, the radius of the eighth arc segment being 20 mm to 45 mm, the distance between the center of the circle of the eighth arc segment and the wheel centerline being 125 mm to 165 mm, and the opening of the eighth arc segment facing the outside of the wheel,wherein an end of the eighth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the eighth arc segment is tangential to an outer inclined plane of the hub; wherein the ninth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the ninth arc segment is 25 mm to 50 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the ninth arc segment and the wheel centerline is 130 mm to 200 mm, wherein the opening of the ninth arc segment faces the inside of the wheel, wherein an end of the ninth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the ninth arc segment is tangential to an inner inclined plane of the hub; wherein the radius of the tenth arc segment is 35 mm to 80 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the tenth arc segment and the wheel centerline is set to 0.16 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter,wherein the opening of the tenth arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the tenth arc segment is tangential to the eighth arc segment and the first arc segment; wherein the radius of the eleventh arc segment is 50 mm to 160 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the eleventh arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.14 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the eleventh arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the eleventh arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment and the ninth arc segment. In summary, compared to existing technology, the lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties of the present application has the following advantages and positive effects: 1. The spokes of the rail wheel of the present application have a corrugated structure consisting of several arcs, whereby the purpose of lightweight construction of the wheel is effectively achieved by setting different arc radii and circle center positions; 2.A finite element analysis according to standard EN13979-1 was carried out on the rail wheel of the present application, and its fatigue strength fully complies with the standard requirements. The designed corrugated spoke plate structure moderately reduces the radial stiffness of the spoke plate, allowing the wheel greater radial elasticity. During thermal deformation during braking, the spoke plate and rim deform more along the diameter direction, reducing the tendency of the spoke plate and rim to deform along the axial direction. This improves the stress state of the wheel under the influence of braking heat and ensures that the wheel exhibits good thermomechanical properties and good fatigue behavior. Description of the characters To clarify the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art, the drawings necessary for the descriptions in embodiments or in the prior art are briefly described below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description represent only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be derived from these drawings without creative effort by the person skilled in the art. Figure 1 is a schematic structural representation of a lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties according to embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic structural representation of a lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties according to embodiment 2 of the present application. Detailed description To clarify the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below in detail and in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments that a person skilled in the art in this field could derive from the embodiments in the present invention without any creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1 The lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties of the present application is a rail wheel with a corrugated spoke plate, suitable for use in rail transport. As shown in Fig. 1, the lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties in embodiment 1 of the present application consists of a hub 20, a spoke plate 30 and a rim 40, wherein in the figure the left side is the outside of the wheel and the right side is the inside of the wheel, that is to say: the side on which the inner hub surface 20A, the inner inclined plane 20C of the hub 20 and the inner rim surface 40A of the rim 40 are located is the inside of the wheel, wherein the side on which the outer hub surface 20B, the outer inclined plane 20D of the hub 20 and the outer rim surface 40B of the rim 40 are located is the outside of the wheel. In the lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties in embodiment 1 of the present application, the spoke plate 2 has a corrugated structure, and the outer contour line and the inner contour line of the spoke plate 2 each consist of several interconnected arc segments, wherein the arc segments forming the outer contour line of the spoke plate 2 comprise a first arc segment 1, a fourth arc segment 4, a sixth arc segment 6, an eighth arc segment 8, and a tenth arc segment 10, wherein the arc segments forming the inner contour line of the spoke plate 2 comprise a second arc segment 2, a third arc segment 3, a fifth arc segment 5, a seventh arc segment 7, a ninth arc segment 9, an eleventh arc segment 11, and a twelfth arc segment 12, wherein all arc segments are arranged as follows, and adjacent arc segments are interconnected.wherein the spoke plate 2 is formed, wherein the first arc segment 1 is located in the center of the spoke plate 2, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment 1 and the wheel centerline 50 is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter, and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface 40A is 50 mm to 80 mm, wherein the radius of the first arc segment 1 is 50 mm to 85 mm, the opening of the first arc segment 1 facing the inside of the wheel; wherein the second arc segment 2 is located in the center of the spoke plate 2, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the second arc segment 2 and the wheel centerline 50 is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter, and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface 40A is 50 mm to 80 mm, wherein the The radius of the second arc segment 2 is 35mm to 55mm.wherein the opening of the second arc segment 2 points towards the inside of the wheel; wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the third arc segment 3 and the wheel centerline 50 is 0.35 to 0.45 times the wheel diameter, wherein the radius of the third arc segment 3 is 60 mm to 100 mm, wherein the opening of the third arc segment 3 points towards the outside of the wheel and wherein the third arc segment 3 is tangential to the second arc segment 2; wherein the fourth arc segment 4 and the fifth arc segment 5 are located in a rim-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate 2, wherein the radius of the fourth arc segment 4 is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fourth arc segment 4 faces the outside of the wheel, wherein an end of the fourth arc segment 4 facing the rim is connected to the rim 40, and wherein the fourth arc segment 4 is tangential to the outer edge line L2 of the two edge lines runs,defining the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area; wherein the radius of the fifth arc segment 5 is 20 mm to 35 mm, the opening of the fifth arc segment 5 facing the inside of the wheel, one end of the fifth arc segment 5 facing the rim being connected to the rim 40, and the fifth arc segment 5 being tangential to the inner edge line L1 of the two edge lines defining the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area, the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area being 20 mm to 28 mm, the distance D between the center line C of the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area (i.e., the center line of the inner edge line L1 and the outer edge line L2,(which define the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area) and the inner rim surface 40A is 60 mm to 80 mm; wherein the radius of the sixth arc segment 6 is 30 mm to 80 mm, the opening of the sixth arc segment 6 facing the outside of the wheel, and wherein the sixth arc segment 6 is tangential to the first arc segment 1 and the fourth arc segment 4; wherein the radius of the seventh arc segment 7 is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, the opening of the seventh arc segment 7 facing the inside of the wheel, and wherein the seventh arc segment 7 is tangential to the third arc segment 3 and the fifth arc segment 5; wherein the eighth arc segment 8 is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate 2, the radius of the eighth arc segment 8 being 20 mm to 45mm, with the distance between the circle center of the eighth arc segment 8 and the wheel centerline 50 being 125mm to 165mm,wherein the opening of the eighth arc segment 8 points to the outside of the wheel, wherein an end of the eighth arc segment 8 facing the hub is connected to the hub 20, and wherein the eighth arc segment 8 is tangential to an outer inclined plane 20D of the hub 20; wherein the ninth arc segment 9 is located in a hub-spoke transition region of the spoke plate 2, wherein the radius of the ninth arc segment 9 is 25 mm to 50 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the ninth arc segment 9 and the wheel centerline 50 is 130 mm to 200 mm, wherein the opening of the ninth arc segment 9 points to the inside of the wheel, wherein an end of the ninth arc segment 9 facing the hub is connected to the hub 20, and wherein the ninth arc segment 9 is tangential to an inner inclined plane 20C of the hub 20; wherein the radius of the tenth arc segment 10 35mm to 80mm,wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the tenth arc segment 10 and the wheel centerline 50 is set to 0.16 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the tenth arc segment 10 faces the outside of the wheel and wherein the tenth arc segment 10 is tangential to the eighth arc segment 8 and the first arc segment 1; wherein the radius of the eleventh arc segment 11 is 50 mm to 160 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the eleventh arc segment 11 and the wheel centerline 50 is 0.14 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the eleventh arc segment 11 faces the outside of the wheel and wherein the eleventh arc segment 11 is tangential to the second arc segment 2; wherein the radius of the twelfth arc segment 12 is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the twelfth arc segment 12 points towards the inside of the wheel,and the twelfth arc segment 12, the ninth arc segment 9 and the eleventh arc segment 11 are tangent to. Furthermore, the wheel diameter of the lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties in embodiment 1 of the present application is Φ 760mm to Φ 840mm. Example 2 In a further embodiment of the present application, the diameter of the lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties in embodiment 2 is less than or equal to 730 mm, wherein, for example, the wheel diameter is Φ 680 mm to Φ 730 mm, wherein embodiment 2 is essentially the same as embodiment 1 mentioned above, with the only difference being: as shown in Fig. 2, the twelfth arc segment 12 in embodiment 1 is not provided in embodiment 2, and wherein in embodiment 2 an end of the ninth arc segment 9 facing the hub is connected to the hub 20 and is tangent to the inner inclined plane 20C of the hub 20, wherein an end of the ninth arc segment 9 facing away from the hub is tangent to the eleventh arc segment 11; in other words, the eleventh arc segment 11 is directly tangent to the ninth arc segment 9. In summary, compared to existing technology, the lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties of the present application has the following advantages and positive effects: 1. The spokes of the rail wheel of the present application have a corrugated structure consisting of several arcs, whereby the purpose of lightweight construction of the wheel is effectively achieved by setting different arc radii and circle center positions; 2.A finite element analysis according to standard EN13979-1 was carried out on the rail wheel of the present application, and its fatigue strength fully complies with the standard requirements. The designed corrugated spoke plate structure moderately reduces the radial stiffness of the spoke plate, allowing the wheel greater radial elasticity. During thermal deformation during braking, the spoke plate and rim deform more along the diameter direction, reducing the tendency of the spoke plate and rim to deform along the axial direction. This improves the stress state of the wheel under the influence of braking heat and ensures that the wheel exhibits good thermomechanical properties and good fatigue behavior. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the term "connection" or its synonyms in this application are to be understood in the broadest sense. For example, the term "connection" may refer to a fixed or detachable connection; it may refer to a mechanical or electrical connection; it may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection via an interposed medium. The average person skilled in the art in this field will be able to understand the specific meanings of the foregoing terms in this application according to specific situations. It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or sequence between such entities or operations.Furthermore, the terms "comprise," "include," or other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion of the following: thus, a process, method, article, or device containing a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent in such process, method, article, or device. Additionally, the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom" in this article refer to the placement state depicted in the accompanying drawings. Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments serve only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the respective embodiments above, those skilled in the art should understand that they may still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments or make equivalent substitutions in some technical features; however, these modifications or substitutions do not result in the essence of the corresponding technical solutions differing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

Lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties, comprising a hub, a spoke plate and a rim, wherein the spoke plate is formed in a wave shape, characterized in that the outer contour line and the inner contour line of the spoke plate each consist of several interconnected arc segments, wherein the arc segments forming the outer contour line of the spoke plate comprise a first arc segment, a fourth arc segment, a sixth arc segment, an eighth arc segment and a tenth arc segment, wherein the arc segments forming the inner contour line of the spoke plate comprise a second arc segment, a third arc segment, a fifth arc segment, a seventh arc segment, a ninth arc segment, an eleventh arc segment and a twelfth arc segment, wherein all arc segments are arranged as follows and adjacent arc segments are connected to each other.wherein the first arc segment is located in the central position of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter, and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, wherein the radius of the first arc segment is 50 mm to 85 mm, and wherein the opening of the first arc segment faces the inside of the wheel; wherein the second arc segment is located in the center of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the second arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter, and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, and wherein the radius of the second arc segment is 35 mm to 55 mm.wherein the opening of the second arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel; wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the third arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.35 to 0.45 times the wheel diameter, wherein the radius of the third arc segment is 60 mm to 100 mm, wherein the opening of the third arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel and wherein the third arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment; wherein the fourth arc segment and the fifth arc segment are located in a rim-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the fourth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fourth arc segment faces the outside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fourth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fourth arc segment is tangential to the outer edge line L2 of the two edge lines,which define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area; wherein the radius of the fifth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fifth arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fifth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fifth arc segment is tangential to the inner edge line L1 of the two edge lines that define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area, wherein the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area is 20 mm to 28 mm, wherein the distance D between the center line C with the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area and the inner rim surface is 60 mm to 80 mm; wherein the radius of the sixth arc segment is 30 mm to 80 mm, wherein the opening of the sixth arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel,and wherein the sixth arc segment is tangential to the first arc segment and the fourth arc segment; wherein the radius of the seventh arc segment is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, the opening of the seventh arc segment facing the inside of the wheel, and wherein the seventh arc segment is tangential to the third arc segment and the fifth arc segment; wherein the eighth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, the radius of the eighth arc segment being 20 mm to 45 mm, the distance between the center of the circle of the eighth arc segment and the wheel centerline being 125 mm to 165 mm, and the opening of the eighth arc segment facing the outside of the wheel,wherein an end of the eighth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the eighth arc segment is tangential to an outer inclined plane of the hub; wherein the ninth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the ninth arc segment is 25 mm to 50 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the ninth arc segment and the wheel centerline is 130 mm to 200 mm, wherein the opening of the ninth arc segment faces the inside of the wheel, wherein an end of the ninth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the ninth arc segment is tangential to an inner inclined plane of the hub; wherein the radius of the tenth arc segment is 35 mm to 80 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the tenth arc segment and the wheel centerline is set to 0.16 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter,wherein the opening of the tenth arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the tenth arc segment is tangential to the eighth arc segment and the first arc segment; wherein the radius of the eleventh arc segment is 50 mm to 160 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the eleventh arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.14 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the eleventh arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the eleventh arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment; wherein the radius of the twelfth arc segment is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the twelfth arc segment points to the inside of the wheel, and wherein the twelfth arc segment is tangential to the ninth arc segment and the eleventh arc segment. Lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheel diameter is 760mm to 840mm. Lightweight rail wheel with good thermomechanical properties, wherein the diameter of the rail wheel is ≤730 mm, the rail wheel consisting of a hub, a spoke plate and a rim, the spoke plate being formed in a wave shape, characterized in that the outer contour line and the inner contour line of the spoke plate each consist of several interconnected arc segments, the arc segments forming the outer contour line of the spoke plate comprising a first arc segment, a fourth arc segment, a sixth arc segment, an eighth arc segment and a tenth arc segment, the arc segments forming the inner contour line of the spoke plate comprising a second arc segment, a third arc segment, a fifth arc segment, a seventh arc segment, a ninth arc segment and an eleventh arc segment.wherein all arc segments are arranged as follows and adjacent arc segments are connected to each other, wherein the first arc segment is located in the middle position of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, wherein the radius of the first arc segment is 50 mm to 85 mm, and wherein the opening of the first arc segment faces the inside of the wheel; wherein the second arc segment is located in the middle of the spoke plate, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the second arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.26 to 0.33 times the wheel diameter and the distance between the center of the circle of the first arc segment and the inner rim surface is 50 mm to 80 mm, and wherein the radius of the second arc segment is 35 mm to 55 mm.wherein the opening of the second arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel; wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the third arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.35 to 0.45 times the wheel diameter, wherein the radius of the third arc segment is 60 mm to 100 mm, wherein the opening of the third arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel and wherein the third arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment; wherein the fourth arc segment and the fifth arc segment are located in a rim-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the fourth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fourth arc segment faces the outside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fourth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fourth arc segment is tangential to the outer edge line L2 of the two edge lines,which define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area; wherein the radius of the fifth arc segment is 20 mm to 35 mm, wherein the opening of the fifth arc segment points towards the inside of the wheel, wherein one end of the fifth arc segment facing the rim is connected to the rim, and wherein the fifth arc segment is tangential to the inner edge line L1 of the two edge lines that define the maximum spoke plate thickness W of the rim-spoke transition area, wherein the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area is 20 mm to 28 mm, wherein the distance D between the center line C with the maximum spoke plate thickness W in the rim-spoke transition area and the inner rim surface is 60 mm to 80 mm; wherein the radius of the sixth arc segment is 30 mm to 80 mm, wherein the opening of the sixth arc segment points towards the outside of the wheel,and wherein the sixth arc segment is tangential to the first arc segment and the fourth arc segment; wherein the radius of the seventh arc segment is 0.6 to 1.3 times the wheel diameter, the opening of the seventh arc segment facing the inside of the wheel, and wherein the seventh arc segment is tangential to the third arc segment and the fifth arc segment; wherein the eighth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, the radius of the eighth arc segment being 20 mm to 45 mm, the distance between the center of the circle of the eighth arc segment and the wheel centerline being 125 mm to 165 mm, and the opening of the eighth arc segment facing the outside of the wheel,wherein an end of the eighth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the eighth arc segment is tangential to an outer inclined plane of the hub; wherein the ninth arc segment is located in a hub-spoke transition area of ​​the spoke plate, wherein the radius of the ninth arc segment is 25 mm to 50 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the ninth arc segment and the wheel centerline is 130 mm to 200 mm, wherein the opening of the ninth arc segment faces the inside of the wheel, wherein an end of the ninth arc segment facing the hub is connected to the hub and wherein the ninth arc segment is tangential to an inner inclined plane of the hub; wherein the radius of the tenth arc segment is 35 mm to 80 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the tenth arc segment and the wheel centerline is set to 0.16 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter,wherein the opening of the tenth arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the tenth arc segment is tangential to the eighth arc segment and the first arc segment; wherein the radius of the eleventh arc segment is 50 mm to 160 mm, wherein the distance between the center of the circle of the eleventh arc segment and the wheel centerline is 0.14 to 0.25 times the wheel diameter, wherein the opening of the eleventh arc segment points to the outside of the wheel and wherein the eleventh arc segment is tangential to the second arc segment and the ninth arc segment.

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