Tunnel boring methods

Abstract

Tunnel boring method in which a tunnel (T1, T2, T3, T4) is driven forward with a drilling machine (10), wherein the drilling machine (10) carries out the excavation by means of a rotating cutting head (11) while a grab (12a) presses against a side wall (T1a, T2a), wherein the method comprises: a first excavation step to drive three or more initial tunnels (T1, T3) that are essentially parallel to each other; and a second excavation step to drive a second tunnel (T2, T4) which crosses the first tunnels (T1, T3), and the arrangement of a tunneling auxiliary device (20, 120, 220) equipped with a reaction force transducer (21, 121) which forms a substitute surface (21b) which becomes part of the side wall (T2a) of the second tunnel (T2, T4), on the side of the first tunnel (T1, T3) at the intersection of the first (T1, T3) and the second tunnel (T2, T4).

Description

BACKGROUND Technical area

[0001] The present invention relates to a tunnel boring method in which intersecting tunnels are driven. Description of the state of the art

[0002] In the past, tunnels were driven using a drilling machine which had a cutting head with a drill bit and grippers on the right and left sides of the rear of the machine at the front.

[0003] This drilling machine advances a tunnel by rotating the cutting head close to the wall, while the left and right grippers press against the left and right side walls of the tunnel.

[0004] JP H3-5600 A, for example, describes a method for constructing the branched and merged sections of a closed tunnel, wherein this method includes the step in which this drilling machine is used to excavate the tunnel branches.

[0005] US 5,634,692 A discloses a tunnel boring machine for excavating a main tunnel. Using this machine, side tunnels can be excavated from the main tunnel, extending perpendicular to it. For this purpose, the machine has a rotating housing by means of which a drilling device is turned in the direction of the side tunnel. OVERVIEW

[0006] However, the following problems have arisen in the above-described method for producing the branched and merged sections of a closed tunnel.

[0007] Specifically, in the method described in the preceding publication, the drilling machine must be repeatedly moved back and forth during the removal / breakout of the branched and merging sections. The time required for this is correspondingly high and leads to reduced efficiency in the construction.

[0008] The invention is based on the objective of specifying a tunnel boring method that enables the efficient excavation / breaking out of branched sections of a tunnel.

[0009] The tunnel boring method according to a first aspect of the present invention is a tunnel boring method in which a tunnel is driven with a drilling machine whose cutting head is advanced rotatingly while a grab presses against a side wall. The method comprises a first driving step and a second driving step. In the first driving step, three or more first tunnels are driven, running substantially parallel to one another. In the second driving step, a second tunnel is driven, intersecting the first tunnels, and a tunnel boring auxiliary device, equipped with a reaction force sensor that forms a substitute surface which becomes part of the side wall of the second tunnel, is arranged on the side of the first tunnel at the intersection of the first and second tunnels.

[0010] Here, second tunnels are driven, which intersect with the first tunnels, after the first three or more, essentially parallel tunnels have been driven.

[0011] Since the second tunnels, which intersect with the first tunnels, are driven after the excavation of the first three or more essentially parallel tunnels, the second tunnels can be driven as branches of the first tunnel using a substantially linear excavation method. Because almost the entire excavation is linear, this tunneling method is more efficient than the previously known method.

[0012] Furthermore, a tunneling auxiliary device is installed on one side of an existing first tunnel, which has a reaction force sensor that forms a substitute surface which becomes part of the side wall of the second tunnel in order to gently advance the intersection of the existing first tunnel and the newly bored second tunnel by using a drilling machine which is driven forward under tension of the left and right grab against the left and right side wall.

[0013] A point where there is no side wall in the second tunnel, which is the case at intersections with the first tunnel, can be blocked off by the substitute surface of the reaction force transducer. Accordingly, an intersection between the first and second tunnels can be excavated / driven using a known drilling machine that performs the excavation while absorbing a reaction force from the side walls.

[0014] The tunnel excavation method according to the second aspect of the present invention is the tunnel excavation method according to the first aspect, further comprising a movement step in which the tunnel excavation auxiliary device is moved to a further intersection of the first and the second tunnel after the intersection of the first and the second tunnel has been excavated in the second excavation step.

[0015] At numerous intersections between the first and second tunnels, the tunnel construction support device is moved to each of these intersections.

[0016] Consequently, the tunnel construction support device can, for example, be moved efficiently to the intersections between the first and second tunnels in a large number of ways, and the dismantling at the intersections can be carried out efficiently.

[0017] The tunnel boring method according to the third aspect of the present invention is the tunnel boring method according to the first or the second aspect of the invention, wherein in the first boring step a tunnel boring auxiliary device is arranged which has a reaction force sensor for use in curves, which forms a substitute surface that becomes part of the outer side wall of a curve section where the first tunnel makes a curve.

[0018] When a curved section of the first tunnel is being driven forward, the tunnel construction auxiliary device with a reaction force sensor to record the reaction force of the drilling machine is installed at a point outside the curve.

[0019] Consequently, the excavation can proceed even during the driving of a curved section of the first tunnel, while the drilling machine moves forward.

[0020] The tunnel boring method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is a tunnel boring method in which a tunnel is driven with a drilling machine which carries out the excavation by means of a rotating cutting head while a grab is pressed against a side wall, wherein the method comprises a first driving step, a preparation step, a laying step and a second driving step.

[0021] The first tunneling phase involves excavating the first tunnel. The excavation of a second tunnel, which will intersect the first, is planned. The preparatory phase involves preparing a replacement surface that will become part of the side wall of the second tunnel at the planned intersection point. The installation phase involves relocating the replacement surface to the planned intersection point of the first tunnel to become part of the side wall of the second tunnel. The second tunneling phase involves excavating the second tunnel using the tunnel boring machine, pushing the excavator against the replacement surface, and excavating at the planned intersection point.

[0022] Since it is not necessary to construct a replacement area within the tunnel, a tunnel that intersects another tunnel can therefore be constructed more easily than before.

[0023] The tunnel boring method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the tunnel boring method according to the fifth aspect of the invention, wherein the first tunnel has at least three sections which are substantially parallel to each other.

[0024] There are numerous intersections between the first and second tunnels. Since the replacement surface in the present invention is movable, the construction efficiency can be increased compared to a conventional tunneling method, the greater the number of intersections to be created.

[0025] The tunnel boring method according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is the tunnel boring method according to the fifth aspect of the invention, wherein the substantially parallel sections of the first tunnel are connected by curved sections to form a continuous tunnel.

[0026] Since the first tunnel can be driven forward simply by moving the drilling machine forward, the efficiency of tunnel construction can be improved.

[0027] The tunnel boring method according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is the tunnel boring method according to the fourth aspect of the invention, wherein the second tunnel has at least three sections which are substantially parallel to each other.

[0028] Between the first and second tunnels lies a multitude of intersections. Since the replacement surface in the present invention is movable, the construction efficiency can be increased compared to a conventional tunneling method, the greater the number of intersections to be constructed.

[0029] The tunnel boring method according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is the tunnel boring method according to the seventh aspect of the invention, wherein the substantially parallel sections of the second tunnel are connected by curved sections to form a continuous tunnel.

[0030] Since the second tunnel can be driven forward simply by moving the drilling machine, and since the replacement area is moved less often when removing a large number of intersections, construction efficiency can be increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. Figure 1 is a side view of the configuration of a drilling machine used in a tunnel boring process, showing the features of the tunneling auxiliary device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing a state of tunnel excavation using the drilling machine in Fig. 1 and the tunnel construction auxiliary device according to this embodiment; Fig. Figure 3A shows a top view of the state in which the tunnel construction aid was installed in a tunnel; Fig. Figure 3B shows a cross-section of its rear end; Fig. 3C is a side view, Fig. 3D images showed a cross-section of their front side; Fig. 4A and Fig. Figures 4B each show, in a top view and an oblique view, a state in which the tunnel construction auxiliary device is in Fig. 2 is installed in a tunnel; Fig. Figure 5 shows a top view of the state in which the tunnel construction support device is located in Fig. 2 can move within the tunnel; Fig. Figure 5B shows a cross-section of its rear end; Fig. 5C is a side view, Fig. 5D shows a cross-section of its front side; Fig. 6A and Fig. Figure 6B shows, in both a top view and an oblique view, a state in which the tunnel construction auxiliary device is located. Fig. 2 can move within the tunnel; Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B shows the procedure for tunnel excavation using the tunnel excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8A and Fig. Figure 8B shows the procedure for tunnel excavation using the tunnel excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9A and Fig. 9B show the procedure for tunnel excavation using the tunnel excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 10A and Fig. Figure 10B shows the procedure for tunnel excavation using the tunnel excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. Figure 11 is a sectional view of the internal configuration of the tunnel construction auxiliary device according to a further embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 12A and Fig. Figure 12B schematically shows a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the reaction force sensor of the tunnel construction auxiliary device in Fig. 11; Fig. Figure 13 is a side view of the configuration of the tunnel construction auxiliary device according to a further embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. Figure 14 schematically shows the tunnel boring method according to a further embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EXECUTION FORMS

[0031] The tunnel construction auxiliary device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as well as the tunnel boring method in which the device is used, are described below with reference to the Fig. 1 to 10B described.

[0032] The drill 10 ( Fig. 1 etc.) in this embodiment is a TBM (tunnel boring machine), in particular a drilling machine known as a gripper TBM or hard rock TBM. How Fig. Figure 4 shows that the two tunnels (first and second tunnels T1 and T2), which are excavated / driven by the drilling machine 10, have a substantially circular cross-section. The cross-sectional shape of the tunnels according to the invention is not limited to a circular shape. It can also be elliptical, double-circular, hoof-shaped, and the like. Drill configuration 10

[0033] In this embodiment, the in Fig. 1. Drilling machine 10 shown for excavating / driving the first and second tunnels T1 and T2 (see Fig. 2 etc.). The drilling machine 10 described in this embodiment has a typical configuration, wherein the rock is removed by a rotating cutting head, which is supported at the rear by a gripper.

[0034] The drilling machine 10 is used to extract hard rock or similar material during its advance in a tunnel. How Fig. Figure 1 shows that the drilling machine 10 has a cutting head 11, a gripper 12a and a pressure stamp 13.

[0035] How Fig. As shown in Figure 1, the cutting head 11 is located at the front end of the drilling machine 10 and, with the aid of a plurality of cutting discs 11a arranged on the front end face, removes bedrock by rotating around the central axis of the essentially circular tunnel. The cutting head 11 conveys bedrock, rubble, etc., which has been finely crushed by the cutting discs 11a, through an opening formed in the surface (not shown) into its interior.

[0036] How Fig. Figure 1 shows a gripper mounting element 12 arranged on the rear of the drilling machine 10, forming the rear body of the drilling machine 10. The grippers 12a are provided on both sides in the width direction of the gripper mounting element 12. Fig. Figure 2 shows that the grippers 12a press against the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2, which is being driven forward, thereby supporting the drilling machine 10 in the second tunnel T2.

[0037] How Fig. As shown in Figure 1, the pressure ram 13 is located in the center of the drilling machine 10 and forms the central body of the drilling machine 10. The pressure ram 13 extends or retracts between the cutting head 11 and the grippers 12a so that the drilling machine can be moved through the second tunnel in sections during the excavation.

[0038] How Fig. Figure 1 shows that a support element 14 is arranged between the cutting head 11 and the pressure punch 13 and, together with the cutting head 11, forms the front body of the drilling machine 10. The support element 14 supports the front body of the drilling machine 10 in the second tunnel T2.

[0039] Since the drilling machine 10 is configured as described above, the grippers 12a are pressed against the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2. This holds the drilling machine 10 in such a way that it does not move within the second tunnel T2. In this state, the pressure ram 13 is extended while the cutting head 11 rotates at the front, so that the cutting head 11 is precisely positioned and the drilling progresses through rock, etc. The finely crushed rock, etc., is conveyed to the rear by the drilling machine 10 on a conveyor belt (not shown) or the like. This allows the drilling machine 10 to penetrate deeper into the second tunnel T2 (see Fig. 2).

[0040] This means that, in the case of the drilling machine 10, the grippers 12a, which are arranged further towards the rear than the cutting head 11 carrying out the excavation, press against the wall T2a of the second tunnel during the drive, and this is a prerequisite for the drive into the second tunnel T2. Configuration of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20

[0041] How Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the tunneling support device 20 according to this embodiment is installed on the side of the existing first tunnel T1 at the intersection between the first tunnel T1 and the second tunnel T2 during the excavation of the second tunnel T2, which intersects the first tunnel T1. Two such tunneling support devices 20 are installed in the first tunnel T1, so that they flank the second tunnel T2 on both sides at the intersection of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2.

[0042] While the second tunnel T2 is being driven, the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 forms a substitute surface which becomes a replacement for the side wall T2a in the section where no side wall T2a is present and which is created during the driving of the second tunnel T2 at the intersection between the first tunnel T1 and the second tunnel T2.

[0043] More precisely, the tunnel construction aid comprises 20, as shown in Fig. 2 shown, a reaction force transducer 21 and first and second sub-elements 22 and 23. Reaction force transducer 21

[0044] The reaction force sensor 21 is located on the side of the existing first tunnel T1 to form a substitute surface in the section where there is no side wall of the second tunnel T2 and which is located at the intersection between the first and second tunnels T1 and T2. Fig. Figure 2 shows that the reaction force transducer 21 is arranged on the front of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 and has a support ram 21a, a reaction force absorption surface (replacement surface) 21b, running wheels (drive elements) 21c and a removal element 21d.

[0045] The support ram 21a is designed such that it can be moved back and forth with respect to the side wall Ta1 of the first tunnel T1 in order to position the reaction force absorption surface 21b as a substitute surface for the side wall T2a in the section of the second tunnel T2 where no side wall T2a is present, namely at the intersection of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2. Fig. 3D shows that two of these support stamps 21a are vertically aligned on the side surface of the reaction force transducer 21.

[0046] This means that when the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is installed at the intersection of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2, the support rams 21a move the reaction force absorption surface 21b into a specific projecting position, so that it becomes part of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2, which is driven by the drilling machine 10, as shown in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 4A etc. shown.

[0047] When the tunnel construction support device 20 moves through the first tunnel T1, as in the Fig. 5A, Fig. As shown in 6A etc., the support stubs 21a are brought into a specific retraction position so that the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 can be positioned at the intersection of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2.

[0048] The reaction force absorption surface 21b is arranged on the reaction force transducer 21 in such a way that it can be moved back and forth by the support rams 21a, and forms part of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2 under construction, after it has been moved into the specific projecting position.

[0049] Four of the wheels 21c are designed to rest on the floor surface of the first tunnel T1, as shown in Fig. 3A shows how the reaction force sensor 21 (the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20) can move through the tunnel.

[0050] The removal element 21d is formed by spraying concrete or the like onto the surface of the reaction force absorption surface 21b to the desired thickness. During the excavation of the second tunnel T2, the removal element 21d is partially cut away by the drilling machine 10, making it readily possible to form a replacement surface whose shape is essentially the same as that of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2.

[0051] It is therefore not necessary that the shape of the reaction force absorption surface 21b or the angle of the reaction absorption surface 21b exactly match the shape of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2. First sub-element 22

[0052] The first sub-element 22 is designed to support the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 in the first tunnel T1, and it is connected to the rear part of the reaction force transducer 21, as shown in Fig. 2 shown. Fig. Figure 3A shows that the first sub-element 22 has a support ram (support element) 22a, a support ram (support element) 22b and running wheels 22c. In this embodiment, the reaction force sensor 21 and the first sub-element 22 are connected, but the reaction force sensor 21 and the first sub-element 22 can also be brought into contact with each other during tunnel construction instead of being connected.

[0053] The support ram 22a is designed so that it can move back and forth with respect to the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1 in the first tunnel T1 in which tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is installed.

[0054] The support ram 22b is arranged on the side surface opposite the support ram 22a and, like the support ram 22a, can move back and forth with respect to the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1 in the first tunnel T1 in which the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is installed.

[0055] That is, as in the Fig. 2, Fig. As shown in Figure 3A, etc., when the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is fixed in the first tunnel T1, the support pins 22a and 22b move into the position projecting from one of the side surfaces, thereby enabling the other surface of the first divided element 22 to be pressed against the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1. This holds the first partial element 22 in an immobile state in the first tunnel T1.

[0056] How Fig. Figure 3A shows that four of the running wheels 22c are arranged in such a way that they can rest on the floor surface of the first tunnel T1, so that the first sub-element 22 (the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20) can travel through the tunnel. Second sub-element 23

[0057] The second sub-element 23 is similar to the first sub-element 22 insofar as it is intended to support the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 in the first tunnel T1, and is, as shown in Fig. 2 shown, connected to the rear part of the first sub-element 22. How Fig. Figure 3A shows that the second sub-element 23 has a support punch (support element) 23a, a support punch (support element) 23b, running wheels 23c and a connecting element 23d.

[0058] The support ram 23a is designed such that it can move back and forth relative to the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1, in which the tunnel construction support device 20 is installed. Fig. Figure 3B shows that two such support stamps 23a are vertically aligned on the side surface of the second sub-element 23.

[0059] The support pins 23b are arranged on the side surface opposite the support pins 23a and, like the support pins 23a, can move back and forth relative to the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1. As with the support pins 23a, two of the support pins 23b are vertically aligned on the side surface of the second sub-element 23 on the side opposite the support pins 23a, as shown in the Fig. 3B and Fig. 3C shown.

[0060] That is, as in the Fig. 2, Fig. As shown in Figure 3A, etc., when the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is fixed in the first tunnel T1, the support pins 23a and 23b move into the position projecting from one of the side surfaces, thereby pressing the other surface of the second sub-element 23 against the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1. Consequently, the second sub-element 23 is held in a stationary state in the first tunnel T1.

[0061] How Fig. Figure 3A shows that four of the running wheels 23c are arranged in such a way that they can rest on the floor surface of the first tunnel T1, so that the second sub-element 23 (the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20) can travel through the tunnel.

[0062] The connecting element 23d is provided on the rear end face of the second sub-element 23 and connects the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 to a towing vehicle (not shown). Fixed state of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20

[0063] As explained above, in this embodiment the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is arranged on the side of the first tunnel T1 in order to provide a substitute surface for the side wall of the second tunnel T2 during the excavation of the second tunnel T2, which intersects with the existing first tunnel T1.

[0064] When the second tunnel T2 is driven forward with the drilling machine 10, the excavation takes place while the grabs 12a are clamped against the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2, so that the replacement surface for the side wall T2a, which is installed by the tunneling auxiliary device 20, is subjected to high pressure from the grabs 12a. The tunneling auxiliary device 20 must therefore withstand the pressure of the grabs 12a in the existing first tunnel T1.

[0065] In view of this, the support pins 22b and 23b of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 in this embodiment spring forward from one of the side surfaces of the first and second partial elements 22 and 23 when pressure is exerted by the grippers 12a of the drilling machine 12, as shown in the Fig. 3A to 4B shown, so that the device does not move in the first tunnel T1.

[0066] In this embodiment, the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 are fixed to the tunnel side wall by extending a support ram in the lateral direction of the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23. However, it is also possible to extend both support rams in the lateral direction for this purpose.

[0067] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 4A, the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 consequently press against the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1. For this reason, the entire tunneling auxiliary device can be kept stationary, so that it does not move in the first tunnel T1 even when, during the excavation of the second tunnel T2, pressure is exerted on the reaction force absorption surface 21b of the reaction force transducer 21 by the grippers 12a of the drilling machine 10. Movable state of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20

[0068] During the dismantling work using the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 with a multitude of intersections of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2, for example, the support stubs 22b and 23b, which project from a side surface of the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23, are moved into their retracted position during the installation of the replacement surface for the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2 at the respective intersection, which is in the Fig. 5 and Fig. The procedure is shown in section 6.

[0069] As in Fig. As shown in 5C etc., the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 has the running wheels 21c, 22c and 23c on the undersides of the reaction force sensor 21 and the first and second sub-element 22 and 23.

[0070] Consequently, the connecting element 23d of the second sub-element 23 can be connected to a towing vehicle (not shown), allowing the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 to be easily pulled by the towing vehicle and moved to another location in the first and second tunnels T1 and T2.

[0071] In this embodiment, the device is moved through the tunnel by the rolling of the wheels 21c, 22c and 23c on their undersides. Alternatively, however, gliders can be provided on the underside of the device, allowing it to be moved by sliding.

[0072] Furthermore, curved sections etc. must be traversed in order to bring the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 to the next intersection of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2 without problems.

[0073] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5C, the reaction force transducer 21 and the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 can be divided and moved separately in this embodiment. Since the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 uses a design in which the device is divided into a plurality of blocks (the reaction force transducer 21 and the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23), an effect can be achieved that facilitates the negotiation of curves, etc. Effect of the tunnel construction aid device 20

[0074] (1) As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, during the excavation of tunnel T2, which intersects the existing first tunnel T1, the tunneling auxiliary device 20 of this embodiment is installed on the side of the first tunnel T1 using the drilling device 10 to carry out the excavation while the grabs 12a are braced against the side wall T2a. The tunneling auxiliary device 20 comprises the reaction force transducer 21, which has a reaction force absorption surface 21b that serves as a substitute surface at the intersection between the first and second tunnels T1 and T2, where there is no side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2, and the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23, each with support pins 22a and 22b and support pins 23a and 23b for supporting the reaction force transducer 21 in such a way that it does not move through tunnel T1.

[0075] The reaction force absorption surface 21b, which serves as a replacement surface for the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2, can therefore be installed at the intersection between the first and second tunnels T1 and T2. The excavation work using the drilling machine 10 at the intersection of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2 can thus be carried out more gently than before. The time required for tunneling is therefore shorter, even when a first and second tunnel T1 and T2, which intersect, are being driven.

[0076] (2) In the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 in this embodiment, all running wheels 21c, 22c and 23c are provided on the reaction force transducer 21 and on the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 that form the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20. Accordingly, the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 can be towed by a towing vehicle (not shown) and thus moved freely through the first and second tunnels T1 and T2.

[0077] (3) As explained above, in this embodiment the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is configured such that the reaction force sensor 21 and the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 are divided into three parts.

[0078] This division can be used to maneuver the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 through curves in the tunnel that includes the first and second tunnels T1 and T2.

[0079] Since the device can be longer and still maneuver around curves, the surface pressure of the support elements on the tunnel side walls can be reduced. Furthermore, since the reaction force sensor 21 and the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 are divisible, tunnels with different crossing angles can be driven simply by changing the reaction force sensor 21.

[0080] (4) The tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 in this embodiment comprises the removal element 21d, which is formed by spraying concrete or the like at least to a certain thickness onto the area of ​​the reaction force transducer 21 which faces the second tunnel T2.

[0081] When the second tunnel T2 is advanced using the drilling machine 10, a portion of the reaction force absorption surface 21b is cut out by the cutting head 11 at the distal end of the drilling machine 10 in a shape that essentially corresponds to the shape of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2. Therefore, during the subsequent advancement of the drilling machine 10, the grippers 12a can be brought into contact with the reaction force absorption surface 21b in a state identical to that of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2. Consequently, there is no need to consider the precise adjustment of the angle of the reaction force absorption surface 21b or its adaptation to the shape of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2. Tunnel boring methods

[0082] The tunnel boring method according to this embodiment is now referred to in relation to the Fig. Sections 7A to 10B are explained.

[0083] The procedure for tunnel excavation using the drilling machine 10 and the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is as follows.

[0084] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 7A, in step S1 a first drive line L1 is determined in order to create three essentially parallel first tunnels T1 from the existing two tunnels T0.

[0085] Then, as in Fig. As shown in step S2 in 7B, the drilling machine 10 follows a trailer 15 to the rear, and the drilling machine 10 is moved by a towing vehicle to a position where an existing tunnel T0 branches off into a first tunnel T1.

[0086] At this point, a reaction force sensor 30 is installed for use at a corner in the section where the existing tunnel T0 branches off into the first tunnel T1. Consequently, the drilling machine 10 can continue to advance the first tunnel T1 even at angled sections branching off from the first tunnel T1, while the grabs 12a remain in contact with the reaction force sensor 30.

[0087] Here, the reaction force absorption surface of the reaction force transducer 30 for use at a corner has the same shape as the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1. Optionally, the removal element 21d can be provided on the surface, as with the reaction force absorption surface 21b of the tunneling auxiliary device 20 described above, and the removal element can be given a shape that is better adapted to the grippers 12a while the drilling machine 10 is being advanced.

[0088] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 8A, the drilling machine 10 is then moved along the first drive line L1 in step S3, while it excavates solid rock, etc. This enables the formation of the first tunnel T1 at the desired location. The trailer 15 can be moved together with the drilling machine 10.

[0089] Once the excavation is completed down to the existing tunnel T0, which was created at a remote location, and the first tunnel T1 runs through tunnel T0, the drilling machine 10 will be deployed in step S4, which is described in Fig. 8B shows the towing vehicle being moved into the Fig. Return to the starting position shown in 7B.

[0090] How Fig. Figure 8A shows that the reaction force sensor 30 is positioned for use at a corner, just as in step S2, in the area where the first tunnel T1 reaches the tunnel T0.

[0091] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 9A, the drilling machine 10 is moved again along the first drive line L1 in step S5 (first drive step) to drive a new first tunnel T1, which is essentially parallel to the first tunnel T1.

[0092] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 9B, in step S6 (first drive step) the aforementioned steps S3 to S5 are repeated to drive three first tunnels T1, which run essentially parallel to each other. A second drive line L2 is then established to form a multitude of second tunnels T2 that intersect these first tunnels T1. The locations where the first tunnels T1 intersect the second drive line L2, i.e., the locations where the first tunnels T1 and the second tunnels T2 cross, are referred to as planned intersection sections.

[0093] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 10A, the drilling machine 10 is moved along the first drive line L2 in the subsequent step S7 (second drive step) while excavating solid rock, etc. This allows the second tunnel T2, which intersects the first existing tunnel T1, to be formed at the desired location.

[0094] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 10A, at this point two of the aforementioned tunneling support devices 20, which were prepared in advance, are moved through the first tunnel T1 and relocated to another position. They are installed on the side of the first tunnel T1 in the area where the existing first tunnel T1 and the second drive line L2 intersect, flanking the aforementioned intersection. The aforementioned reaction force transducers 30 for corner use are also installed in each of the areas where the first tunnel T1 branches off from the second tunnel T2 and where the tunnels merge.

[0095] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 10B, in the subsequent step S8, the drilling machine 10 moves along the second drive line L2, which passes through the intersection of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2, and drills to the mouth in the first tunnel T1.

[0096] After the drilling machine 10 has passed the intersection where the tunneling auxiliary device 20 is installed, the tunneling auxiliary device 20 is towed by a towing vehicle or the like and moved to the intersection between the first and second tunnels T1 and T2, which is passed by the drilling machine 10 (movement step).

[0097] The drilling machine 10, which was moved to the first tunnel T1, is moved via a tunnel loop (not shown), and the aforementioned steps are repeated to successively bore a multitude of parallel second tunnels. Effect of this tunnel boring method

[0098] (1) As in the Fig. As shown in Figures 7A to 10B, the tunneling method of this embodiment comprises a step to drive three tunnels T1 which run substantially parallel to each other (first drive step) and a step to drive second tunnels T2 which cross the first tunnels T1 (second drive step), for which the drilling machine 10 is used, which carries out the excavation in a state in which the grabs 12 are braced against the tunnel side walls.

[0099] When driving a tunnel that contains sections where a large number of tunnels branch off and merge, the drilling machine 10 only needs to be moved in an essentially straight line, so that the tunneling takes less time than before.

[0100] (2) In the tunnel excavation method of this embodiment, the tunnel excavation auxiliary device 20, which contains the reaction force receiver 21, which forms a substitute surface for the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2, is arranged in the area where the first and the second tunnel T1 and T2 intersect during the excavation step of the second tunnel T2, which crosses the first tunnel T1.

[0101] The reaction force absorption surface 21b, which becomes the substitute surface, can therefore be located in the area of ​​the second tunnel T2 where no side wall T2a is present, which is the case at the intersection of the first tunnel T1 and the second tunnel T2. This allows the work involved in driving a tunnel with a large number of tunnel intersections to be carried out more efficiently and in a shorter time than before.

[0102] (3) In the tunnel boring method in this embodiment, when driving a tunnel in which a plurality of intersections between the first and the second tunnels T1 and T2 are formed, the tunnel boring auxiliary device 20 is moved to the intersection passed by the drilling machine 10 as soon as the drilling machine 10 passes an intersection at which the tunnel boring auxiliary device 20 is installed.

[0103] Therefore, even with a large number of existing intersections of the first and second tunnels T1 and T2, the excavation by the drilling machine 10 can still be carried out without problems, making it possible to carry out the tunnel construction work in a shorter time than before.

[0104] (4) In the tunnel excavation method of this embodiment, the reaction force sensor 30 is provided for use in corners at the points where sections branch off from tunnel T0 and enter tunnel T1, or at points where sections branch off from the first tunnel T1 and enter the second tunnel T2.

[0105] The drilling machine 10 can therefore even move through sections of the tunnels where they branch off and merge. Tunnel construction work can thus be carried out in a shorter time than before. Other embodiments

[0106] One embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to or restricted by the above embodiment, but allows for various modifications within its scope.

[0107] (A) In the preceding embodiment, an example was described in which the removal element 21d, made of concrete or the like, is provided on the reaction force absorption surface 21b of the reaction force transducer 21 of the tunneling auxiliary device 20, and the drilling machine 10 cuts this removal element 21d during the excavation in the tunnel T2. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

[0108] For example, in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the tunnel construction auxiliary device 120 can have a reaction force transducer 121 which is equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism 122 which adjusts the angle of the reaction receiving surface which is formed in such a way that it is adapted to the shape of the side wall of the tunnel T2 being driven.

[0109] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the tunnel construction auxiliary device 120 comprises, in particular, the reaction force sensor 121, which has the angle adjustment mechanism 122, a first sensor 123 and a second sensor 124. As in embodiment 1, the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 are connected to each other on the side of the reaction force sensor 121 opposite the tunneling side.

[0110] How Fig. Figure 11 shows that the angle adjustment mechanism 122 has a support ram 122a, a rotating shaft 122a, a rotating shaft 122b and a rotating shaft 122c.

[0111] The support ram 122a extends and retracts to adjust the angle of the reaction force absorption surfaces 123a and 124a, which serve as replacement surfaces for the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2.

[0112] The rotary shafts 122b and 122c are provided at the two ends of the support ram 122a, and when the support ram 122a is extended or retracted, the first and second sensors 123 and 124 are rotated to adjust the angle of the reaction force absorption surfaces 123a and 124a, which serve as substitute surfaces for the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2.

[0113] The first sensor 123 has the force-bearing surface (replacement surface) 123a and a support ram 123b.

[0114] The reaction force absorption surface 123a forms part of the replacement surface for the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2.

[0115] The support ram 123b is designed to move back and forth with respect to the side wall T1a of the first tunnel T1 in order to position the reaction force absorption surface 123a as a substitute surface for the side wall T2a in the area where there is no side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2, which is the case at the intersection between the first tunnel T1 and the second tunnel T2.

[0116] When the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 is moved through the tunnel, the reaction force absorption surface 123a can be brought into its retracted position by retracting the support ram 123b.

[0117] The second sensor 124 has a reaction force absorption surface (replacement surface) 124a and a rotating shaft 124b.

[0118] The reaction force absorption surface 124a together with the reaction force absorption surface 123a of the first sensor 123 forms the substitute surface for the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2.

[0119] The rotating shaft 124b serves as the center of rotation around which the reaction force absorption surface 124a is rotated when the support plunger 122a of the angle adjustment mechanism 122 is extended and retracted.

[0120] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 12a, in the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20, the support stump 122a of the angle adjustment mechanism 122 can be withdrawn from its original position due to the construction described above, in order to adjust the angle of the reaction force absorption surfaces 123a and 124a of the first and second reaction absorption surfaces 123 and 124 to a position that is recessed with respect to the reference plane.

[0121] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 12B, the support plunger 122a of the angle adjustment mechanism 122 can be extended from its original position to adjust the angle of the reaction receiving surfaces 123a and 124a of the first and second reaction receiving surfaces 123 and 124 to a position that is projecting with respect to the reference plane.

[0122] Even if no removal element formed by spraying concrete or the like onto the surface of the reaction force absorption surfaces 123a and 124a is provided, the angle of the reaction force absorption surfaces 123a and 124a can still be adjusted appropriately so that it is adapted to the shape of the side wall T2a of the second tunnel T2.

[0123] (B) In the preceding embodiment, an example was given in which the connecting element 23d is provided on the second sub-element 23 of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 and the connecting element 23d is connected to a towing vehicle that enables movement of the tunnel construction auxiliary device 20 through the tunnel. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0124] For example, in Fig. As shown in Figure 13, a self-propelled tunneling support device 220 can comprise a drive machine 121 which is installed in the reaction force transducer 21, so that a rotational force is exerted on the running wheels 21c.

[0125] Since the tunnel construction aid 220 can move freely, construction work for a tunnel containing sections where a large number of tunnels intersect can be carried out in a shorter time than before.

[0126] The installation location of the drive machine 221 is not limited to the reaction force transducer 21 and can instead be provided in the first and second sub-element 22 and 23.

[0127] The drive source for the rotary drive of the wheels is not limited to a drive machine and can instead be a battery-powered motor, etc.

[0128] (C) In the foregoing embodiment, an example of a tunneling method was given in which a second tunnel T2, which intersects the three first tunnels T1, is driven. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0129] For example, the number of existing first tunnels T1, which were driven before drilling the second tunnels T2, may be four or more.

[0130] As explained above, the first and second tunnels T1 and T2, which contain intersecting sections, can again be driven efficiently and in a shorter time than before.

[0131] (D) In ​​the preceding embodiment, an example was given in which the tunneling auxiliary device 20 has a design in which the reaction force sensor 21 and the first and second sub-elements 22 and 23 are divided into three parts. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0132] For example, the tunnel construction aid 20 can be configured as a single unit.

[0133] If the split construction is used, it can be divided into two, four or more parts.

[0134] (E) In the foregoing embodiment, after the excavation of a first tunnel T1, the drilling machine 10 is moved back through this first tunnel T1 and then excavates a second tunnel T2 parallel to the first tunnel T1. After the excavation of a second tunnel T2, the drilling machine 10 moves through a tunnel loop that connects to the first tunnel T1, which intersects the second tunnel T2, whereupon the drilling machine excavates a second tunnel T2 parallel to the second tunnel T2. In other words, an example has been given in which the drilling machine 10 points in the same direction during the excavation of the first tunnel T1 and the second tunnel T2. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

[0135] For example, in Fig.As shown in Figure 14, a second tunnel T4, which intersects a first tunnel T3, can be formed from sections T4a, T4b, and T4c, and from the curved sections T4d and T4c that connect to these straight sections. The drilling machine 10 can continue to move forward at a constant speed to advance the second tunnel T4. When driving adjacent, parallel sections (such as T4a and T4b), the drilling machine 10 advances in opposite directions. The same configuration is also possible for the first tunnel T3.

[0136] In this embodiment, the drilling machine 10 is not moved back or relocated, so that the work can be carried out efficiently. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0137] The tunnel boring method according to the invention has the effect of enabling efficient boring in converging sections of a tunnel, particularly at intersections, and for this reason can be widely applied to boring methods for tunnels that contain intersections. REFERENCE MARK LIST 10 Drill 11 Cutting head 11a Cutting disc 12 Gripper mounting element 12a Gripper 13 printing stamps 14 Support element 15 trailers 20 tunnel construction aid devices 21 reaction force transducers 21a Support stamp 21b Reaction force absorption area (replacement area) 21c wheel (riding element) 21d Abrasion element 22 first sub-element 22a Support stamp (support element) 22b Support stamp (support element) 22c wheel 23 second sub-element 23a Support stamp (support element) 23b Support stamp (support element) 23c wheel 23d connecting element 30 reaction force transducers for use in corners 120 tunnel construction aids 121 reaction force transducers 122 Angle adjustment mechanism 122a Support stamp 122b Rotary shaft 122c rotary shaft 123 first receiver 123a Reaction force absorption area (replacement area) 123b Support stamp 124 second receiver 124a Reaction force absorption area (replacement area) 124b Rotary shaft 220 Tunnel construction aid device 221 Drive machine L1 first drive line L2 second drive line T0 Tunnel T1, T3 first tunnel T1a side wall T2, T4 second tunnel T2a side wall T4a, T4b, T4c parallel section T4d, T4e curved section

Claims

[1] Tunnel boring method in which a tunnel (T1, T2, T3, T4) is driven forward with a drilling machine (10), wherein the drilling machine (10) carries out the excavation by means of a rotating cutting head (11) while a grab (12a) presses against a side wall (T1a, T2a), the method comprising: a first excavation step to drive three or more initial tunnels (T1, T3) that are essentially parallel to each other; and a second excavation step to drive a second tunnel (T2, T4) which crosses the first tunnels (T1, T3), and the arrangement of a tunneling auxiliary device (20, 120, 220) equipped with a reaction force transducer (21, 121) which forms a substitute surface (21b) which becomes part of the side wall (T2a) of the second tunnel (T2, T4), on the side of the first tunnel (T1, T3) at the intersection of the first (T1, T3) and the second tunnel (T2, T4). [2] Tunnel excavation method according to claim 1, further comprising a movement step for moving the tunnel excavation auxiliary device (20, 120, 220) to a further intersection of the first (T1, T3) and the second tunnel (T2, T4) after the excavation of an intersection of the first (T1, T3) and the second tunnel (T2, T4) in the second excavation step. [3] Tunnel boring method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the first boring step a tunnel boring auxiliary device (20, 120, 220) is arranged which includes a reaction force sensor (30) for use in corners, which forms a substitute surface which becomes part of the outside wall of a curved section in which the first tunnel (T1, T3) makes a curve. [4] Tunnel boring method in which a tunnel (T1, T2, T3, T4) is driven forward with a drilling machine (10), wherein the drilling machine (10) carries out the excavation by means of a rotating cutting head (11) while a grab (12a) is pressed against a side wall (T1a, T2a), the method comprising: a first excavation step in which a first tunnel (T1, T3) is driven; a preparatory step in which a replacement area (21b) is prepared which will become part of the side wall (T2a) of the second tunnel (T2, T4) at the planned intersection section between the first (T1, T3) and the second tunnel (T2, T4); a relocation step to move the replacement surface (21b) to the planned intersection section of the first tunnel (T1, T3) and use the replacement surface (21b) as part of the side wall (T2a) of the second tunnel (T2, T4); and a second advance step to advance the second tunnel (T2, T4) by using the drilling machine (10) and pushing the grab (12a) against the replacement surface (21b) and excavation at the planned intersection section. [5] Tunnel boring method according to claim 4, wherein the first tunnel (T1, T3) has at least three sections which are substantially parallel to each other. [6] Tunnel boring method according to claim 5, wherein the substantially parallel sections are connected by curved sections, whereby the first tunnel (T1, T3) becomes a continuous tunnel. [7] Tunnel boring method according to claim 4, wherein the second tunnel (T2, T4) comprises at least three sections (T4a, T4b, T4c) which are substantially parallel to each other. [8] Tunnel boring method according to claim 7, wherein the substantially parallel sections (T4a, T4b, T4c) are connected by curved sections (T4d, T4e), whereby the second tunnel (T2, T4) becomes a continuous tunnel.

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