Device, system and method for communicating pilot signals according to a diversity technique

Abstract

Device comprising: a processor with logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to: to map data to symbols of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) method in a multitude of space-time streams in accordance with a space-time block code (STBC) scheme; to map a multitude of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols in the multitude of space-time streams in accordance with the STBC scheme, wherein a first pilot sequence of the plurality of pilot sequences is mapped in accordance with the STBC scheme to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol with a first index in a first space-time stream and to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol with a second index in a second space-time stream, the second index following the first index, and wherein a second pilot sequence of the multitude of pilot sequences is mapped in accordance with the STBC scheme to a multitude of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol with the second index in the first space-time stream and to a multitude of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol with the first index in the second space-time stream; and to send an OFDM transmission over a wireless communication channel in a frequency band above 45 gigahertz (GHz), where the OFDM transmission is based on the multitude of space-time streams, the device is set up to perform the first and second pilot sequences based on (2p n -1) to generate, where n denotes an OFDM symbol index and p n denotes a value of a scrambler that corresponds to the OFDM symbol index n.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The embodiments described herein generally refer to the communication of pilot signals according to a diversity technique. BACKGROUND

[0002] A wireless communication network operating in a millimeter-wave (mmWave) band can provide high-speed data access for users of wireless communication equipment. In particular, the disclosure relates to devices for a wireless communication station (STA) and methods for wireless communication through a wireless communication station (STA).

[0003] US 2008 / 0253279 A1 concerns a pilot signal design for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with four transmitting antennas. Pilot, preamble, and midamble signals are described that are particularly suitable for OFDM systems with four transmitting antennas. The pilot signals are inserted sporadically for each of the four antennas, either uncoded, pairwise spacetime-coded, pairwise spacetime-frequency-coded, or spacetime-frequency-coded. A method for transmission over four transmitting antennas includes: generating a respective sequence of OFDM symbols for each antenna, each OFDM symbol having a plurality of subcarriers carrying data or pilots, and transmitting the sequence of OFDM symbols. where pilots for the four antennas are inserted together in blocks of two subcarriers by two OFDM symbols that are dispersed in time and frequency.

[0004] IEEE Standard 802.11ad-2012, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Troughput in the 60 GHz Band, concerns changes to the definition of the physical layer and the media access control layer of IEEE Standard 802.11 to enable operation in frequencies around 60 GHz and very high throughput. SUMMARY

[0005] It can be considered an object of the present invention to propose devices for a wireless communication station (STA) and methods for wireless communication through a wireless communication station (STA) that provide high-speed data access for users and employ a simple generation of pilot signals for communication according to a diversity technique.

[0006] The foregoing problem is solved according to the invention with the device according to independent claim 1 and the method according to independent claim 10. The dependent claims define further developments of the device and the method according to the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] For the sake of simplicity and clarity, elements shown in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements may be exaggerated relative to others for clarity. Furthermore, reference numbers may be repeated in the figures to denote corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are listed below. Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a system according to some exemplary embodiments. Fig. 2 Is a schematic representation of a space-time transmission diversity scheme that can be implemented according to some exemplary embodiments. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a mapping of symbols onto subcarriers according to some exemplary embodiments. Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a random number generator that can be implemented to generate a value to be applied to a pilot sequence according to some exemplary embodiments. Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a pilot imaging scheme according to some exemplary embodiments. Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart representation of a method for sending a transmission, comprising pilot signals according to a transmission diversity scheme according to some exemplary embodiments. Fig. Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart representation of a method for processing a receiving transmission, comprising pilot signals according to a transmit diversity scheme according to some exemplary embodiments. Fig. Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a manufactured product according to some exemplary embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The following detailed description sets out numerous specific details to provide a basic understanding of some embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that some embodiments can be implemented without these specific details. In other cases, already known methods, procedures, components, units, and / or circuits are not described in detail so as not to obscure the discussion.

[0009] Discussions presented here, which use terms such as "processing", "calculating", "calculating", "determining", "producing", "analyzing", "verifying", or the like, may refer to one or more operations and / or processes of a computer, computing platform, computing system and / or other electronic computing device that manipulate and / or convert data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities in the registers and / or memories of the computer into other data represented in a similar manner as physical quantities in the registers and / or memories of the computer or other information storage media, which can store instructions to carry out operations and / or processes.

[0010] The terms "plural" and "a plural" used here include, for example, "several" or "two or more". For example, "a plural of points" includes two or more points.

[0011] References to "an embodiment," "a form of embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," "various embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiments so described may have a particular feature, structure, or property, but not every embodiment has that particular feature, structure, or property. Repeated use of the phrase "in an embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.

[0012] The use of the order adjectives “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., used here to describe a common object, unless otherwise stated, merely indicates that a reference is made to different individual cases of similar objects and is not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, neither temporally, nor spatially, in order or in any other way.

[0013] Some embodiments can be used in connection with various devices and systems, for example, user equipment (UE), mobile equipment (MD), wireless station (STA), personal computer (PC), desktop computer, mobile computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer, server computer, handheld computer, sensor device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, wearable device, handheld device, personal digital assistant (PDA) device, onboard device, external device, hybrid device, vehicle device, non-vehicle device, mobile or portable device, consumer device, non-mobile or non-portable device, wireless communication station, wireless communication device, wireless access point (AP).a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A / V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless radio network, a wireless video network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal network (WPAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

[0014] Some embodiments can be used in conjunction with facilities and / or networks operating according to existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, March 29, 2012; IEEE 802.11ac-2013 ("IEEE P802.11ac-2013, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications - Amendment 4: Enhancements for Very High Throughput for Operation in Bands below 6 GHz", December 2013); IEEE 802.11ad ("IEEE P802.11ad-2012, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications - Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60GHz Band“, 28. Dezember, 2012); IEEE-802.11REVmc („IEEE 802.11-REVmc™ / D3.0, June 2014 draft standard for Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification“); IEEE802.11-ay (P802.11ay Standard for Information Technology--Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications-Amendment: Enhanced Throughput for Operation in License-Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz) and / or future versions and / or derivatives thereof, facilities and / or networks operated in accordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Specifications (comprising WiFi P2P Technical Specification, Version 1.5, August 4, 2015) and / or future versions and / or derivatives thereof, facilities and / or networks operated in accordance with existing Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WGA) Specifications (comprising Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc. WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1 April 2011, Final Specification) and / or future versions and / or derivatives thereof, facilities and / or networks operated in accordance with existing cellular specifications and / or protocols, e.g., “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP), “3GPP Long Term Evolution” (LTE) and / or future versions and / or derivatives thereof, units and / or facilities that are part of the aforementioned networks, and the like.

[0015] Some embodiments can be used in connection with one-way and / or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device integrating a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device integrating a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device integrating an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or MIMO device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or SIMO device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or MISO device, a device having one or more internal antennas and / or external antennas,Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) equipment or systems, more standard radio equipment or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g. a smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device or the like.

[0016] Some embodiments can be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and / or systems, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDMA), multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), spatial division multiple access (SDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), enhanced GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, WiMAX, ZigBee™, UltraDie Broadband (UWB), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, "Fifth Generation" (5G) or "Sixth Generation" (6G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTEDie-Advanced, "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution" (EDGE) or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other facilities, systems and / or networks.

[0017] The term "wireless device" as used herein includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like. In some exemplary embodiments, a wireless device may be or include a peripheral device integrated with a computer or a peripheral device connected to a computer. In some exemplary embodiments, the term "wireless device" may optionally include a wireless service.

[0018] The term "communicating" as used here in relation to a communication signal includes the sending of the communication signal and / or the receiving of the communication signal. For example, a communication unit capable of communicating a communication signal may include a transmitter to send the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and / or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit. The verb form "communicate" can be used to refer to either the act of sending or the act of receiving. In an example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the act of sending the signal by a first unit and does not necessarily include the act of receiving the signal by a second unit.In another example, the wording “communicating a signal” may refer to the process of receiving the signal by a first device and may not necessarily include the process of sending the signal by a second device.

[0019] As used here, the term "circuit" can refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an integrated circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or as a group), and / or memory (shared, dedicated, or as a group) that executes one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuit or circuit-associated functions may be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, the circuit may include at least some hardware-operated logic.

[0020] The term logic can refer, for example, to computational logic embedded in the circuitry of a computing device and / or to computational logic stored in the memory of a computing device. For instance, the logic can be accessible to a processor of the computing device in order to execute the computational logic and perform computational functions and / or operations. In one example, the logic can be embedded in various types of memory and / or firmware, such as silicon blocks in different chips and / or processors. Logic can be included and / or implemented as part of various circuits, such as radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and / or the like.For example, logic can be embedded in volatile and / or non-volatile memory, including random-access memory, read-only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and the like. Logic can be executed by one or more processors using memory, such as registers, sticks, buffers, and / or the like, coupled to the one or more processors, as necessary to execute the logic.

[0021] Some exemplary embodiments can be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network. Other embodiments can be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN, and the like.

[0022] Some exemplary embodiments can be used in connection with a wireless communication network that communicates over a 60 GHz frequency band. However, further embodiments can be implemented using any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), a frequency band within the 20 GHz to 300 GHz frequency band, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.

[0023] The term "antenna" as used here can encompass any suitable device, structure, and / or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies, and / or arrays. In some embodiments, the antenna can implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In other embodiments, the antenna can implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and / or integrated transmit / receive antenna elements. The antenna can, for example, be a phased antenna, a single-element antenna, a group of switching beam antennas, and / or the like.

[0024] The term "peer-to-peer (PTP) communication" used here can refer to facility-to-facility communication over a wireless connection ("peer-to-peer" connection) between facilities. PTP communication can include, for example, WiFi Direct (WFD) communication, such as WFD peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, wireless communication over a direct link in a Quality of Service (QoS) Basic Service Set (BSS), a Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) connection, STA-to-STA communication in an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), or similar.

[0025] The terms "Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG)" and "Directional Band" (D-Band) used here can refer to a frequency band where the channel start frequency is above 45 GHz. For example, DMG communications can include one or more directional links for communicating at a rate of several gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 gigabits per second, at least 30 gigabits per second, or any other rate.

[0026] Some exemplary embodiments can be implemented by a DMG STA (also referred to as a "millimeter-wave (mmWave) STA (mSTA)"), which may, for example, include an STA that has a radio transmitter capable of operating on a channel within the DMG band. The DMG STA may perform further additional or alternative functionality. Other embodiments may be implemented by any other devices, equipment, and / or stations.

[0027] Reference is made to Fig. 1, which schematically represents a system 100 according to some exemplary embodiments.

[0028] According to the representation in Fig. 1. In some exemplary embodiments, the system 100 may include one or more wireless communication devices. For example, the system 100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wireless communication device 140, and / or one or more other devices.

[0029] In some exemplary embodiments, the wireless communication devices 102 and / or 140 may comprise a mobile device or a non-mobile device, e.g. a static device.

[0030] For example, wireless communication devices 102 and / or 140 can be a UE, an MD, an STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a body-worn device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an external device, a hybrid device (e.g., as a combination of mobile telephony functionality with PDA device functionality), a consumer device, a vehicle-used device, a non-vehicle-used device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a PCS device,a PDA device that integrates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "Carry Small Live Large" (CSLL) device, an ultra-portable device (UMD), an ultra-portable PC (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an "origami" device or computing device, a device that supports dynamically computable computing (DCC), a context-sensitive device, a video device, an audio device, an A / V device, a set-top box (STB), a Blu-ray Disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a high-definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, an HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), an HD broadcast receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video receiver an audio receivera stereo tuner, a radio receiver, a flat screen television, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a loudspeaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data receiver, a digital still camera (DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like.

[0031] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 102 may, for example, comprise one or more elements consisting of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and / or a storage unit 195; and / or the device 140 may, for example, comprise one or more elements consisting of a processor 181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and / or a storage unit 185. The devices 102 and / or 140 may optionally comprise further suitable hardware components and / or software components. In some exemplary embodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of the devices 102 and / or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and they may be interconnected or functionally linked to one another using one or more wired or wireless connections.In other embodiments, components from one or more of the units 102 and / or 140 can be distributed across several or separate units.

[0032] In some exemplary embodiments, the processor 191 and / or the processor 181 may, for example, comprise a main processor (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multi-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, a logic unit, an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other suitable general-purpose or specific processors or controllers. The processor 191, for example, executes instructions from an operating system (OS) of the facility 102 and / or from one or more suitable applications. The processor 181, for example, executes instructions from an operating system (OS) of the facility 140 and / or from one or more suitable applications.

[0033] In some exemplary embodiments, the input unit 192 and / or the input unit 182 may, for example, comprise a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-sensitive screen, a tactile pad, a trackball, a stylus, a microphone, or another suitable pointing or input device. The output unit 193 and / or the output unit 183 may, for example, comprise a monitor, a screen, a touch-sensitive screen, a flat panel display, a light-emitting diode (LED) display unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more loudspeakers or headphones, or other suitable output devices.

[0034] In some exemplary embodiments, a storage unit 194 and / or a storage unit 184 may, for example, comprise a working memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, a cache, a buffer, a short-term memory, a long-term memory, or other suitable storage units. The storage unit 195 and / or the storage unit 185 may, for example, comprise a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a compact disc (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units. The storage unit 194 and / or the storage unit 195 may, for example, store data processed by the device 102.Storage unit 184 and / or storage unit 185 can, for example, store data processed by facility 140.

[0035] In some exemplary embodiments, the wireless communication devices 102 and / or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and / or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some exemplary embodiments, the wireless medium 103 may, for example, comprise a radio channel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a wireless fidelity (WiFi) channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) channel, and the like.

[0036] In some exemplary embodiments, the WM 103 can have a directional channel in a directional frequency band. For example, the WM 103 can have a wireless millimeter wave (mmWave) communication channel.

[0037] In other embodiments, the WM 103 may have a DMG channel. In other embodiments, the WM 103 may have any other additional or alternative directional channels.

[0038] In other embodiments, the WM 103 can have any other types of channels over any other frequency band.

[0039] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 can perform the functions of one or more wireless stations (STA), for example, as described below.

[0040] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 can perform the functions of one or more DMG stations.

[0041] In other embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 can perform the functions of any other wireless devices and / or stations, for example a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA and the like.

[0042] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to perform the functionality of an access point (AP), for example a DMG AP and / or a personal "Basic Service Set" (PBSS) control point (PCP), for example a DMG PCP, for example an AP / PCP STA, e.g. a DMG AP / PCP STA.

[0043] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to perform the functionality of a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA and / or a non-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example, a non-AP / PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP / PCP STA.

[0044] For example, a station (STA) can have a logical unit that is a uniquely addressable instance of an interface between a media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) to the wireless medium (WM). The STA can perform any additional or alternative functionality.

[0045] For example, an access point (AP) can have a unit that includes a station (STA), such as a wireless access point (WA), and provides access to distribution services for associated WAs over the wireless medium (WM). The AP can perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0046] For example, a Personal Basic Service Set (PBSS) Control Point (PCP) can have a unit that includes a Station (STA), and coordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are members of a PBSS. The PCP can perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0047] For example, a PBSS might have a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) "basic service set" (BSS) that includes, for instance, a PBSS control point (PCP). Access to a distribution system (DS) might not be present, but an intra-PBSS forwarding service could be optional.

[0048] For example, a PCP / AP STA can have a station (STA) that is a PCP and / or an AP. The PCP / AP STA can perform any additional or alternative functionality.

[0049] For example, a non-AP STA can have a STA that is not contained within an AP. The non-AP STA can perform any additional or alternative functionality.

[0050] For example, a non-PCP STA can have a STA that is not a PCP. The non-PCP STA can perform any additional or alternative functionality.

[0051] For example, a non-PCP STA can have a STA that is neither a PCP nor an AP. The non-PCP / AP STA can perform any additional or alternative functionality.

[0052] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may include one or more radio devices, including circuitry and / or logic, for wireless communication between the devices 102, 140 and / or one or more other wireless communication devices. For example, the device 102 may include a radio device 114, and / or the device 140 may include a radio device 144.

[0053] In some exemplary embodiments, the radio devices 114 and / or 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and / or logic for receiving wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmit streams, packets, messages, data points, and / or data. For example, a radio device 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and / or a radio device 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

[0054] In some exemplary embodiments, the radio devices 114 and / or 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and / or logic for transmitting wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmit streams, packets, messages, data points, and / or data. For example, a radio device 114 may include at least one transmitter 118, and / or a radio device 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

[0055] In some exemplary embodiments, a radio device 114 and / or a radio device 144 may comprise transmitters 118 and / or 148 and / or receivers 116 and / or 146; as well as circuitry; logic; radio frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and / or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and / or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and / or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and / or logic; amplifiers; analog-to-digital and / or digital-to-analog converters; filters; and / or the like. For example, a radio device 114 and / or a radio device 144 may comprise or incorporate a wireless network interface card (NIC) and the like.

[0056] In some exemplary embodiments, radio devices 114 and / or 144 may be designed to communicate over a directional band, for example an mmWave band and / or any other band, for example a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, an S1G band and / or any other band.

[0057] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 102 may include a control 124, and / or the device 140 may include a control 154.The controller 124 may be designed to execute and / or trigger, initiate, instruct and / or control the device 102 to carry out one or more communications to generate and / or communicate one or more messages and / or transmissions, and / or to execute one or more functions, operations and / or procedures between the devices 102, 140 and / or one or more other devices; and / or the controller 154 may be designed to execute and / or trigger, initiate, instruct and / or control the device 140 to carry out one or more communications to generate and / or communicate one or more messages and / or transmissions, and / or to execute one or more functions, operations and / or procedures between the devices 102, 140 and / or one or more other devices, for example, as described below.

[0058] In some exemplary embodiments, the controllers 124 and / or 154 may comprise circuitry and / or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and / or logic, memory circuitry and / or logic, media access control (MAC) circuitry and / or logic, physical layer (PHY) circuitry and / or logic, and / or any other circuitry and / or logic designed to perform the functions of the controllers 124 and / or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functions of the controllers 124 and / or 154 may be implemented by logic that can be executed by a machine and / or one or more processors, for example, as described below.

[0059] In one example, the controller 124 may include circuitry and / or logic, for example one or more processors including circuitry and / or logic, to cause, trigger and / or control a wireless device, e.g. a device 102, and / or a wireless station, e.g. a wireless STA implemented by the device 102, to perform one or more operations, one or more communications and / or functions, for example according to the description given here.

[0060] In one example, the controller 154 may include circuitry and / or logic, for example one or more processors including circuitry and / or logic, to cause, trigger and / or control a wireless device, e.g. a device 140, and / or a wireless station, e.g. a wireless STA implemented by the device 140, to perform one or more operations, one or more communications and / or functions, for example according to the description given here.

[0061] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 102 may include a message processor 128 designed to generate, process and / or access one or more messages communicated by the device 102.

[0062] For example, the message processor 128 may be designed to generate one or more messages to be sent by the device 102, and / or the message processor 128 may be designed to access and / or process one or more messages received by the device 102, for example as described below.

[0063] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 140 may include a message processor 158 designed to generate, process and / or access one or more messages communicated by the device 140.

[0064] For example, the message processor 158 may be designed to generate one or more messages to be sent by the device 140, and / or the message processor 158 may be designed to access and / or process one or more messages received by the device 140, for example as described below.

[0065] In some exemplary embodiments, the message processors 128 and / or 158 may comprise circuitry and / or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and / or logic, memory circuitry and / or logic, media access control (MAC) circuitry and / or logic, physical layer (PHY) circuitry and / or logic, and / or any other circuitry and / or logic designed to perform the functions of the controllers 128 and 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functions of the message processors 128 and / or 158 may be implemented by logic that can be executed by a machine and / or one or more processors, for example, as described below.

[0066] In some exemplary embodiments, at least part of the functionality of the message processor 128 can be implemented as part of the radio device 114, and / or at least part of the functionality of the message processor 158 can be implemented as part of the radio device 144.

[0067] In some exemplary embodiments, at least part of the functionality of the message processor 128 can be implemented as part of the controller 124, and / or at least part of the functionality of the message processor 158 can be implemented as part of the controller 154.

[0068] In other embodiments, the functionality of the message processor 128 can be implemented as part of any other element of the device 102, and / or the functionality of the message processor 158 can be implemented as part of any other element of the device 140.

[0069] In some exemplary embodiments, at least part of the functionality of the controller 124 and / or the message processor 128 can be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, such as a system-on-a-chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or the SoC can be designed to perform one or more functions of the radio device 114. For example, the chip or the SoC can include one or more elements of the controller 124, one or more elements of the message processor 128, and / or one or more elements of the radio device 114. In another example, the controller 124, the message processor 128, and the radio device 114 can be implemented as part of the chip or the SoC.

[0070] In other embodiments, the control unit 124, the message processor 128 and / or the radio device 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of the device 102.

[0071] In some exemplary embodiments, at least part of the functionality of the controller 154 and / or the message processor 158 can be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, such as a system-on-a-chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or the SoC can be designed to perform one or more functions of the radio device 144. For example, the chip or the SoC can include one or more elements of the controller 154, one or more elements of the message processor 158, and / or one or more elements of the radio device 144. In another example, the controller 154, the message processor 158, and the radio device 144 can be implemented as part of the chip or the SoC.

[0072] In other embodiments, the control unit 154, the message processor 158 and / or the radio device 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of the device 140.

[0073] In some exemplary embodiments, the radio devices 114 and / or 144 may have or be associated with a plurality of directional antennas.

[0074] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 102 may have one or more, for example a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and / or the device 140 may have one or more, for example a plurality of, directional antennas 147.

[0075] Antennas 107 and / or 147 may include antennas of any type suitable for transmitting and / or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmit streams, packets, messages, and / or data. For example, antennas 107 and / or 147 may include any suitable configurations, structures, and / or arrangements of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies, and / or arrays. Antennas 107 and / or 147 may, for example, include antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and / or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multi-element antenna, a group of switching beam antennas, and / or the like. In some embodiments, the antennas 107 and / or 147 can implement transmit and receive functions using separate transmit and receive antenna elements.In some embodiments, the antennas 107 and / or 147 can implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and / or integrated transmit / receive antenna elements.

[0076] In some exemplary embodiments, the antennas 107 and / or 147 can have directional antennas that can be directed in one or more beam directions. For example, the antennas 107 can be directed in one or more beam directions 135, and / or the antennas 147 can be directed in one or more beam directions 145.

[0077] In some exemplary embodiments, the antennas 107 and / or 147 may comprise a single phased antenna array (PAA), and / or they may be implemented as part thereof.

[0078] In some exemplary embodiments, the antennas 107 and / or 147 can be implemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example as a plurality of physically independent PAAs.

[0079] In some exemplary embodiments, a PAA can, for example, have a rectangular geometry, including a number of rows designated M and a number of columns designated N. In other embodiments, any other type of antenna and / or antenna array can be used.

[0080] In some exemplary embodiments, the antennas 107 and / or the antennas 147 can be connected to and / or associated with one or more high-frequency (HF) chains.

[0081] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 102 may have one or more, e.g. a plurality of, RF chains 109 which are connected and / or associated with the antennas 107.

[0082] In some exemplary embodiments, the device 140 may have one or more, e.g. a plurality of, RF chains 149 which are connected and / or associated with the antennas 147.

[0083] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 can be configured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an Extended Digital Multi-Gang (EDMG) network, and / or any other network. For example, the devices 102 and / or 140 can perform multi-input / multi-output (MIMO) communication, for example, to communicate over the NG60 and / or EDMG networks, e.g., over an NG60 or EDMG frequency band.

[0084] Some exemplary embodiments may be implemented, for example, as part of a new standard in a mmWave band, e.g., a 60 GHz frequency band, or any other directional band, for example, as a further development of an IEEE 802.11ad standard.

[0085] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed according to one or more standards, for example according to an IEEE 802.11ay standard, which may, for example, be designed to improve the efficiency and / or performance of an IEEE 802.11ad specification, which may be designed to provide WiFi connectivity in a 60 GHz band.

[0086] Some exemplary embodiments can, for example, make it possible to significantly increase the data transmission speeds defined in the IEEE 802.11ad specification, for example from 7 Gbps to up to 30 Gbps or any other data rate, thereby meeting, for example, a growing need for network capacity for new future applications.

[0087] Some exemplary embodiments can be implemented to, for example, enable an increase in data transmission speed by using, for example, multi-input / multi-output (MIMO) and / or channel bonding techniques.

[0088] Some wireless communication specifications, for example the IEEE 802.11ad-2012 specification, may be designed to support a single-user (SU) system, where one station (STA) can send frames to a single STA at a time.

[0089] Some exemplary embodiments may, for example, enable communication in one or more use cases, which may include, for example, a wide variety of indoor and / or outdoor applications, including, but not limited to, at least wireless high-speed docking, ultra-short-range communications, wireless transmission with 8K ultra-high definition (UHD) in smart homes, headphones and high-quality wearable items for augmented reality, inter-rack connectivity for data centers, mass data distribution or video-on-demand systems, mobile offloading and multi-band operation, mobile fronthauling and / or wireless return transport.

[0090] In some exemplary embodiments, a communication scheme may include physical layer (PHY) and / or media access control (MAC) layer schemes to support, for example, one or more applications and / or increased data transmission speeds, e.g., data rates up to 30 Gbps or any other data rates.

[0091] In some exemplary embodiments, the schemes of the PHY and / or MAC layers may be designed to support frequency channel bundling over a mmWave band, e.g. over a 60 GHz band, single-user (SU) techniques and / or multi-user (MU) MIMO techniques.

[0092] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to implement one or more mechanisms which may be designed to enable SU and / or MU communication of downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) frames using a MIMO scheme.

[0093] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to communicate MIMO communications over the wireless mmWave communication band.

[0094] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 can be configured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and / or any other network and / or any other frequency band. For example, the devices 102 and / or 140 can be configured to communicate using DL-MIMO transmissions and / or UL-MIMO transmissions, for example, to communicate over the NG60 and / or EDMG networks.

[0095] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to implement one or more techniques that may, for example, enable the support of communications via a MIMO communication channel, e.g., an SU-MIMO channel between two mmWave STAs or an MU-MIMO channel between one STA and a plurality of STAs.

[0096] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to communicate according to a diversity scheme for MIMO transmission, for example as described below.

[0097] In some exemplary embodiments, the diversity scheme may be designed to communicate based on a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., as described below.

[0098] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to communicate according to a space-time diversity scheme, which may, for example, be designed for OFDM MIMO, for example as described below.

[0099] In other embodiments, the MIMO diversity scheme can support any other additional or alternative diversity techniques.

[0100] In some exemplary embodiments, the transmit diversity scheme may be implemented, for example, for communication in accordance with an IEEE 802.11ay specification and / or any other standards, protocols and / or specifications.

[0101] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a transmit diversity scheme, which may, for example, be configured for 2xN MIMO communication, as described below. In other embodiments, a spatial frequency transmit diversity scheme may, for example, be configured for any other type of MIMO communication, such as any other M x N MIMO communication, where, for example, N is equal to or greater than 2 and M is equal to or greater than 2.

[0102] In some exemplary embodiments, the space-time diversity scheme may, for example, be designed in compliance with one or more aspects of an Alamouti technique, such as that described by Siavash M. Alamouti, “A Simple Transmit Diversity Technique for Wireless Communications”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 16, No. 8, October 1998.

[0103] In one example, the transmit space-time diversity scheme can be designed to support, for example, transmission from 2 transmit (TX) antennas to N receive (RX) antennas, for example, for communication according to a 2 x N-MIMO scheme.

[0104] In other embodiments, the diversity scheme may, for example, be based on any other space-time diversity scheme, such as a "Space Time Block Code" (STBC) scheme or any other diversity scheme.

[0105] In some exemplary embodiments, a first device (“transmitting device” or “transmitting side”), e.g. the device 102, may be designed to generate and transmit a MIMO transmission based on a plurality of spatial streams, for example according to a transmit space-time diversity scheme, e.g. as described below.

[0106] In some exemplary embodiments, a second device (“receiving device” or “receiver side”), e.g. the device 140, may be designed to receive and process a MIMO transmission based on a plurality of spatial streams, for example according to the transmit space-time diversity scheme, e.g. as described below.

[0107] In some exemplary embodiments, one or more aspects of the transmit space-time diversity scheme described herein may be implemented, for example, to provide at least one technical solution to enable a simple combination scheme at the receiver device, for example, to attenuate and / or eliminate interference, e.g., inter-stream interference (ISI), to combine channel diversity enhancement that can provide reliable data transmission, e.g., under difficult channel conditions, and / or to provide one or more additional and / or alternative advantages and / or technical solutions.

[0108] In some embodiments, for example, it may not even be necessary to use a MIMO equalizer on the receiver side, while it is possible, for instance, to use at least single-input-single-output (SISO) equalizers, e.g., in each stream of the plurality of spatial streams. According to this example, the diversity MIMO scheme can be easy to implement.

[0109] In some exemplary embodiments, a PHY layer and / or Media Access Control (MAC) layer can be used for a system operating in the 60 GHz band, e.g., the system consisting of Fig. 1, for example, defined according to an IEEE 802.11ad standard, a future IEEE 802.11ay standard and / or any other standard.

[0110] In some exemplary embodiments, certain implementations may be designed to communicate a demo transmission over a directional channel, for example, using beamforming with a very narrow beamwidth and sufficiently fast signal transmission with a typical frame duration, e.g., of about 100 microseconds (µsec). Such implementations may, for example, allow the insertion of a static channel for the entire packet transmission, and / or they may allow the receiver to perform channel estimation precisely at the beginning of the packet, e.g., using a channel estimation field (CEF). Instead of performing channel tracing using pilots, for example, a phase may be tracked. This may, for example, allow the adoption of an essentially unchanged or static channel across two or more successive symbol transmissions.

[0111] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to communicate a MIMO transmission according to a transmit diversity scheme which may be based on a space-time diversity scheme, for example a "Space Time Block Code" (STBC) scheme, e.g. an Alamouti diversity scheme, for example as described below.

[0112] For example, a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., according to the Alamouti diversity scheme, may be designed to transmit a signal pair, denoted as (S0, S1), simultaneously, for example, via two antennas, denoted as #0 and #1, at a time denoted as t; followed by the repetition of the signals with encoding, e.g., the signals (-S1*, S1). o*), via antennas #0 and #1, at a subsequent time, denoted as t + T. The symbol * denotes a complex configuration process. This diversity scheme can generate two orthogonal sequences in a spacetime domain.

[0113] In some exemplary embodiments, it can be assumed that the channel does not change during subsequent vector transmissions, for example, for communications over a narrow beamwidth, e.g., over a directional frequency band, as described above. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the sequential transmissions of signals So and -S1* are sent through a substantially unchanged or static channel having a substantially unchanged or static channel coefficient H0, and / or that the sequential transmissions of signals S1 and S0* are sent through a substantially unchanged or static channel having a substantially unchanged or static channel coefficient H1.

[0114] Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a transmission diversity scheme that can be implemented according to some exemplary embodiments. For example, the transmission diversity scheme shown is... Fig. 2 spatial coding according to an Alamouti transmit diversity scheme with a 2 x 1 configuration.

[0115] Again with reference to Fig. 1 In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a space-time transmission diversity scheme, which may, for example, be designed for 2 x 1 MIMO communication, for example as shown in Fig. 2.

[0116] In other embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 can be configured to communicate according to a space-time transmission diversity scheme, which may, for example, be designed for any other type of MIMO communication, e.g., any other MT x N R -MIMO communication, where, for example, M T is equal to or greater than 2 and N R is equal to or greater than 1.

[0117] In some exemplary embodiments, a diversity scheme, which may be designed for OFDM modulation, for example, can be applied in a frequency domain, for example by repeating the mapping to subcarriers, e.g., as described below.

[0118] The reference is made to Fig. 3, which schematically represents a mapping scheme 300 for mapping symbols onto subcarriers according to some exemplary embodiments. For example, the devices 102 and / or 140 ( Fig. 1) be designed to perform MIMO transmission according to the mapping scheme from Fig. 3 to communicate.

[0119] In some exemplary embodiments, the Fig. The diagram of symbols on subcarriers shown in Figure 3 is designed to support a diversity scheme, for example, a space-time diversity scheme, such as the Alamouti diversity technique, e.g., as described above with reference to Fig. 2.

[0120] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 3. A plurality of data symbols can be mapped to a first spatial frequency domain stream 302 and a first spatial frequency domain stream 304.

[0121] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 3, can be a pair of symbols, denoted as (X k , Y k ), are mapped onto a subcarrier with an index k of an OFDM symbol 304, designated as symbol#1, in the spatial streams 302 and 322, designated as stream#1 and stream#2 respectively.

[0122] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 3 can be a repetition of the symbol pair (X k , Y k ) With encoding, e.g. a pair of coded symbols (-Y k *, X k *), to a subsequent OFDM symbol 306, designated as symbol#2, for example to the same subcarrier with the index k in the spatial streams 302 and 322.

[0123] According to the representation in Fig. 3. The first spatial frequency domain stream 302 can, for example, comprise a first data symbol of a first data sequence, e.g., the data symbol X. k , mapped onto a subcarrier 308 of the first frequency symbol 304, and the second spatial frequency domain stream 322 may include a second data symbol of a second data sequence, e.g. the data symbol Y k , mapped onto a subcarrier 328, e.g. the same k-th subcarrier 308 of the first frequency symbol 304.

[0124] For example, according to the representation in Fig. 3 the first spatial frequency domain stream 302 comprise a complex conjugate of the second data symbol with inverted sign, e.g. Y k *, mapped onto a subcarrier 310 of the second frequency symbol 306, and the second spatial frequency domain stream 322 may comprise a complex conjugate of the first data symbol, e.g. X k *, mapped onto a subcarrier 330, e.g. the same subcarrier 310 of the second frequency symbol 306.

[0125] In some exemplary embodiments, the diversity scheme can consist of Fig. 3 can be applied for OFDM modulation, for example in a frequency domain, for example by repeating the mapping to the subcarriers in streams 302 and 322.

[0126] In some exemplary embodiments, it can be assumed that the channel per subcarrier does not change, for example, for transmission over a directional frequency band, for instance, due to the stationary nature of the channel in the 60 GHz band. Accordingly, an optimal combination technique, e.g., a space-time combination technique, can be applied on the receiver side to, for example, generate diversity enhancement and / or cancel inter-stream interference, e.g., as described below.

[0127] In some exemplary embodiments, a space-time diversity scheme, for example the Alamouti scheme, can be applied to OFDM-PHY transmission, for example when performing data mapping in the frequency domain. In contrast to OFDM mapping performed in the frequency domain, other types of mapping can be performed in the time domain, for example single-carrier (SC)-PHY mapping of symbols.

[0128] Again with reference to Fig. 1, in some exemplary embodiments, a wireless device, e.g., the devices 102 and / or 140, may be designed to communicate according to a space-time transmit diversity scheme that may define a mapping of subcarriers to a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., to two spatial streams or any other number of spatial streams, for example, for OFDM MIMO.

[0129] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to use a pilot imaging scheme which may be designed according to the space-time diversity scheme, for example as described below.

[0130] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a pilot structure which may, for example, be designed for OFDM MIMO with a space-time scheme, e.g. an Alamouti scheme and / or any other space-time diversity scheme.

[0131] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be configured to use a mapping scheme comprising a structure of 16 pilots per OFDM symbol, for example, as described below. In other embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be configured to use a mapping scheme comprising a structure of any other number of pilots per OFDM symbol.

[0132] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to use a mapping scheme comprising a pilot structure of 16 pilots per OFDM symbol, spanning, for example, the frequency domain over the entire signal bandwidth at equal intervals, for example as described below.

[0133] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot structure can be used, for example, in a future standard, such as an IEEE 802.11ay standard and / or any other standard.

[0134] In some exemplary embodiments, for example, a pilot structure that is based on an adopted older pilot structure, e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11ad standard, can be reused, e.g., combined with a space-time signal structure, for example, according to an Alamouti technique or any other space-time diversity scheme, which may, for example, be designed to enable at least the combination of signals, cancel inter-stream interference, and / or combine channel gain.

[0135] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a pilot structure which may, for example, be designed to enable the application of a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., an Alamouti demodulation approach to eliminate inter-stream interference and / or to combine diversity enhancement between M transmit (Tx) antennas, e.g., 2 Tx antennas, and N receive (Rx) antennas.

[0136] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be configured to communicate according to a pilot structure, which may, for example, be configured according to an OFDM pilot structure, as described below. In other embodiments, the pilot structure may be configured based on, according to, and / or in accordance with any other additional or alternative symbols and / or pilot structures, configurations, and / or schemes.

[0137] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to use a pilot structure corresponding to a pilot signal structure for OFDM single-input / single-output (SISO) transmission, e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11ad specification, e.g., as described below.

[0138] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot structure of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can define a size of 512 points (subcarriers), for example, comprising 336 data subcarriers, 3 zero-current direct current (DC) subcarriers, and 16 pilot subcarriers. The DFT size can also include two guard bands of sizes 79 and 78 zero-current subcarriers. In other embodiments, any other DFT size, any other number of data subcarriers, any other number of pilot subcarriers, any other number of guard bands, and / or any other size of guard bands can be used.

[0139] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot subbeams can have the indices [+ / -10, + / -30, + / -50, + / -70, + / -90, + / -110, + / -130, + / -150] and / or any other indices. Accordingly, in this example, the distance between two adjacent pilots, e.g., between each pair of adjacent pilots, can be 20 subbeams. In other embodiments, any other constants or variable distances can be applied to the pilots.

[0140] In some exemplary embodiments, the 16 pilots can be defined as binary phase-shift keying (WPS K) moderated symbols, for example as P = [-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1] and / or as any other sequence.

[0141] In some exemplary embodiments, for an OFDM symbol with an index n (in time), a pilot sequence P (also referred to as "the original pilot sequence") with a value of 2×p can be defined. n-1 multiplied, where p n denotes a value generated by a shift register of a random number generator (scrambler).

[0142] The reference is made to Fig. 4, which schematically represents a random number generator (scrambler) 400 which can be implemented to generate a value to be applied to a pilot sequence according to some exemplary embodiments.

[0143] In some exemplary embodiments, the random number generator 400 can be configured as shown in Fig. 4. Designed to generate a periodic sequence, e.g. with a length of 127 or any other length, for example based on the polynomial x 7 +x 4 +1, for example based on a plurality of bit values, denoted as x1, x2, ...,x7.

[0144] In some exemplary embodiments, each of the plurality of bit values ​​x1, x2, ..., x7 can be set to a value of "1", e.g. in a first OFDM symbol.

[0145] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequence can invert the sign, for example, if the value of 2×p n -1 equals (-1).

[0146] Again with reference to Fig. 1. In some exemplary embodiments, the facilities 102 and / or 140 may be designed to use an OFDM pilot structure which may be designed to support MIMO transmission, e.g. according to a 2 x N-MIMO scheme with a space-time scheme, e.g. an Alamouti scheme using 2 transmit antennas and N receive antennas, e.g. as described below.

[0147] In some exemplary embodiments, the OFDM pilot structure can be designed to support spatial signal processing on a receiver side, e.g., as described below.

[0148] In some exemplary embodiments, the devices 102 and / or 140 may be designed to perform MIMO transmission, e.g., as described above with reference to Fig. To communicate the diversity scheme described in 2 and / or 3, for example using a pilot structure which may be designed for OFDM MIMO with a space-time diversity scheme, e.g. as described below.

[0149] In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 124 may be designed to cause, trigger and / or control a wireless station, for example a DMG STA or a DMG STA implemented by the device 102, to generate and send a MIMO transmission to at least one other station, for example a station implemented by the device 140, for example as described below.

[0150] In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 124 can include, operate and / or perform the functions of a mapper 129, which may be designed to map the plurality of data blocks onto a plurality of spatial streams, for example according to a space-time diversity mapping scheme, for example as described below.

[0151] In some exemplary embodiments, the Mapper 129 can be designed to map a plurality of data symbols to OFDM symbols in a plurality of spatial streams.

[0152] In some exemplary embodiments, the Mapper 129 may be designed to map the data symbols to the OFDM symbols according to a space-time diversity mapping scheme, for example an Alamouti-based diversity scheme and / or any other space-time diversity scheme, for example as described above with reference to Fig. 2 and / or 3 and / or according to any other space-time diversity scheme.

[0153] In some exemplary embodiments, the Mapper 129 may be designed to map a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme that may, for example, be designed to support the space-time diversity scheme, for example as described below.

[0154] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot mapping scheme may be designed to map a pair of pilot sequences to a pair of OFDM symbols in the first and second spatial streams, for example using repetition encoding, for example as described below.

[0155] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot mapping scheme may include a first pilot sequence having a first index that is mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index that is mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, for example as described below.

[0156] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot mapping scheme may include a repetition of the second pilot sequence, mapped with inverted sign to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream, for example as described below.

[0157] In some exemplary embodiments, one or more additional pairs of pilot sequences are mapped to one or more associated pairs of OFDM symbols in the first and second spatial streams, for example as described below.

[0158] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot mapping scheme may include a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, which is mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, which is mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream, for example as described below.

[0159] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot mapping scheme may include a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence, mapped with inverted sign onto a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped onto a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream, for example as described below.

[0160] In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 124 can include, operate, and / or perform the functions of a pilot sequence generator 127, which may be designed to generate the majority of pilot sequences to be mapped by the mapper 129, for example, as described below. For example, the pilot sequence generator 127 may be designed to generate the majority of pilot sequences using a random number generator (scrambler), for example, the random number generator 400 ( Fig. 4), to generate, e.g. as described below.

[0161] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequence generator 127 may be designed to generate a pilot sequence, for example the first, second, third and / or fourth pilot sequence, comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0162] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate the pilot sequence comprising sixteen uniformly spaced pilot subcarriers. In other embodiments, the pilot sequence generator 127 may be configured to generate at least one pilot sequence comprising pilot subcarriers that are not uniformly spaced.

[0163] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequence generator 127 can be configured to generate the pilot sequence such that, for example, two adjacent pilot subcarriers of the pilot sequence, for instance each pair of adjacent subcarriers, are 20 subcarriers apart. In other embodiments, the pilot sequence can have pilot subcarriers spaced apart by any other constant or variable number of subcarriers.

[0164] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequence generator 127 can be configured to generate the pilot sequence comprising sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150]. In other embodiments, the pilot sequence can comprise any other combination of subcarriers.

[0165] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequence generator 127 may be designed to generate a pilot sequence having an index n, for example by applying a function based on a value of n to a predefined pilot sequence, designated as P.

[0166] For example, the predefined pilot sequence can include the sequence P=[-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1] or any other sequence.

[0167] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequence generator 127 can be configured to generate the pilot sequence having an index n by replacing the pilot sequence P with the value 2×p n -1 is multiplied.

[0168] For example, a pilot sequence that has an index n and can be applied to an OFDM symbol with index n can be generated by, for example, the pilot sequence P with the value of 2×p n -1 is multiplied. For example, the value of p can be n through the random number generator 400 ( Fig. 4) be determined, for example according to the description above.

[0169] In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 124 may be designed to cause, trigger and / or control the wireless station implemented by the device 102 to send a MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.

[0170] In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 124 can be configured to cause, trigger, and / or control the wireless station implemented by the device 102 to transmit the plurality of spatial streams via a plurality of directional antennas. For example, the controller 124 can be configured to cause, trigger, and / or control the wireless station implemented by the device 102 to transmit the first spatial stream via a first antenna of the antennas 107 and to transmit the second spatial stream via a second antenna of the antennas 107.

[0171] In some exemplary embodiments, the MIMO transmission can comprise a 2xN MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, the MIMO transmission can comprise any other M x N MIMO transmission.

[0172] In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 124 may be designed to cause, trigger and / or control the wireless station implemented by the device 102 to transmit the MIMO transmission over a directional frequency band, for example a DMG band.

[0173] Reference is made to Fig. 5, which schematically represents a pilot mapping scheme 500 according to some exemplary embodiments. For example, a wireless station, for instance one provided by the device 102 ( Fig. 1) Implemented wireless station, designed to map pilot sequences to OFDM symbols of a plurality of spatial streams according to the pilot mapping scheme 500, e.g., as described below. In one example, the controller 124 ( Fig. 1), the pilot sequence generator 127 ( Fig. 1) and / or the Mapper 129 ( Fig. 1) Designed to accommodate the equipment 102 ( Fig. 1) to cause, trigger and / or control the implemented wireless station to map 500 pilot sequences to be transmitted in a MIMO transmission according to the pilot mapping scheme.

[0174] In some exemplary embodiments, the Pilot Mapping Scheme 500 can use a pilot signal structure in a frequency domain that may be designed to support pilot mapping for 2 x N-MIMO transmission, e.g., to support an implementation according to an IEEE 802.11ay specification.

[0175] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot scheme 500 may be designed to map first and second pilot sequences onto subcarriers of a first OFDM symbol 515 and a second OFDM symbol 545 in a first spatial stream 514 and a second spatial stream 544, e.g. as described below.

[0176] In one example, the spatial stream can contain 514 OFDM symbols of the stream 302 ( Fig. 3) include, and / or the spatial stream 544 may contain OFDM symbols of stream 322 ( Fig. 3) include. For example, OFDM symbol 515 can include OFDM symbol 304 ( Fig. 3) exhibit, and / or the OFDM symbol 545 can be the symbol 306 ( Fig. 3) exhibit.

[0177] In some exemplary embodiments, the following can be shown in the illustration: Fig. 5 a first pilot sequence 530, designated as P1, which has a first index, e.g. n=1, and a second pilot sequence 540, designated as P2, which has a second index following the first index, e.g. n=2, are mapped to subcarriers of the OFDM symbols 515 and 545 of the spatial streams 514 and 544, e.g. according to the description below.

[0178] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequences 530 and / or 540 can be generated, for example, by the pilot sequence generator 127 ( Fig. 1) be generated, e.g. as described below.

[0179] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 5. The pilot sequences P1 and P2 can be mapped to the same subcarrier indices, for example as described below.

[0180] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 5. The pilot sequences P1 and P2 can be mapped to the different spatial streams 514 and 544, for example in contrast to a previously adopted pilot signal mapping, e.g. according to an IEEE 802.11ad specification.

[0181] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 5. The pilot sequences P1 and P2 can be mapped to the same OFDM symbol in time, for example, OFDM symbol 515, and to different spatial streams, for example, streams 514 and 544, corresponding to different Tx antennas, designated as antenna #0 and antenna #1, respectively. This spatial mapping of the two pilot sequences 530 and 540 to the same OFDM symbol in time can be contrasted with a mapping of two pilot sequences to two corresponding OFDM symbols in time.

[0182] In some exemplary embodiments, a repetition of the pilot sequences 530 and 540 can be mapped to a subsequent OFDM symbol in time, for example, the OFDM symbol 545, as described below. Accordingly, the generation of a new pilot sequence for the subsequent OFDM symbol in time may not be necessary.

[0183] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 5 can be the pilot sequence P2 for the subsequent OFDM symbol 545 in time, for example symbol #2 in Fig. 5, for example, can be repeated in spatial stream 514 with inverted sign, and the pilot sequence P1 can be repeated in stream 544.

[0184] For example, according to the representation in Fig. 5 include a repeated pilot sequence 542, a repetition of the pilot sequence 540 with time inversion, e.g. the sequence (-P2).

[0185] For example, according to the representation in Fig. 5 the repeated pilot sequence 542 can be mapped to subcarriers of the OFDM symbol 545 in the spatial stream 514, and a repetition of the pilot sequence 530 can be mapped to subcarriers of the OFDM symbol 545 in the spatial stream 544.

[0186] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot sequences 530 and 542 can be mapped to the same subcarrier indices in the OFDM symbol 545.

[0187] In some exemplary embodiments as shown in Fig. 5. The pilot subcarriers of the pilot sequence 530 and / or 540 can be mapped onto pilot subcarriers between data subcarriers of the spatial streams 514 and / or 544.

[0188] In one example, the OFDM symbol 515 can be the data subcarrier of the OFDM symbol 304 ( Fig. 3) exhibit, and / or the OFDM symbol 545 can The data subcarriers of the OFDM symbol 306 ( Fig. 3) exhibit. For example, the OFDM symbol 515 in spatial stream 514 can be pilot subcarrier of pilot sequence 530 and data subcarrier 308 ( Fig. 3) exhibit the OFDM symbol 515 in the spatial stream 544 can be pilot subcarrier of the pilot sequence 540 and data subcarrier 328 ( Fig. 3) exhibit the OFDM symbol 545 in the spatial stream 514 can be pilot subcarrier of the repeated pilot sequence 542 and data subcarrier 310 ( Fig. 3) exhibit, and / or the OFDM symbol 545 in the spatial stream 544 can be pilot subcarrier of the repeated pilot sequence 530 and data subcarrier 330 ( Fig. 3) exhibit.

[0189] In some exemplary embodiments, it may not be necessary to apply complex conjugation to the pilot symbols, for example according to an Alamouti scheme, since the pilots may include actual value signals.

[0190] In some exemplary embodiments, one or more additional pairs of pilot sequences can be mapped to one or more associated, time-subsequent OFDM symbols of the spatial streams 514 and 544.

[0191] For example, a third pilot sequence having a third index, e.g. n=3, and a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, e.g. n=4, can be mapped to subcarriers of the third and fourth OFDM symbols of the spatial streams 514 and 544.

[0192] For example, the third pilot sequence can be mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in the third OFDM symbol of the spatial stream 514, the fourth pilot sequence can be mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in the third OFDM symbol of the spatial stream 544, a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign can be mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in the fourth OFDM symbol of the spatial stream 514, and / or a repetition of the third pilot sequence can be mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in the fourth OFDM symbol of the spatial stream 544.

[0193] Again with reference to Fig. 1 In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 154 may be designed to cause, trigger and / or control a wireless station implemented by the device 140 in order to process a MIMO transmission received from another station, for example the station implemented by the device 102, for example as described below.

[0194] In some exemplary embodiments, the received MIMO transmission can comprise a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

[0195] In some exemplary embodiments, a controller 154 may be designed to cause, trigger and / or control the wireless station implemented by the device 140 in order to process the received MIMO transmission, for example according to a diversity mapping scheme, for example the mapping scheme 300 ( Fig. 3) and / or the pilot mapping scheme 500 ( Fig. 5) to process, e.g. as described below.

[0196] In some exemplary embodiments, the controller 154 can include, operate and / or perform the functions of a demodulator 157, which may be designed to process the majority of spatial streams in order to demodulate the MIMO transmission, for example as described below.

[0197] In some exemplary embodiments, the demodulator 157 may be designed to demodulate the pilot signals from the MIMO transmission, for example according to the pilot mapping scheme 500 ( Fig. 5), e.g. as described below.

[0198] In some exemplary embodiments, a space-time demodulation technique, for example an Alamouti demodulation technique, can be used on the receiver side, for example at the device 140, to combine, for example, a plurality of pilot signals, for example four pilot signals, for the same subcarrier with an index k and a plurality of OFDM symbols, for example four OFDM symbols, from the first and second spatial streams, for example according to the diagram 500 ( Fig. 5).

[0199] In some exemplary embodiments, the received pilot signals at a time denoted as t and at a subsequent time denoted as t + T can be represented, for example, as follows: r0=r(t)=H0S0+H1S1+n0r1=r(t+T)=H0(−S1*)+H1(S0*)+n1 where n0 and n1 denote disturbance samples and So and S1 denote pilot signals transmitted from the corresponding sequences P1 and P2.

[0200] In some exemplary embodiments, the first and second estimated pilot signals, designated S0, can be ~ and S1 ~ , for example, as follows: S˜0=H0*r0+H1r1*S˜1=H1*r0−H0r1*

[0201] In some exemplary embodiments, the estimated pilot signals S o ~ and S1 ~ for example, they can be determined as follows: ⇒S˜0=(|H0|2+|H1|2)S0+H0*H1S1−H0*H1S1︸=0+H1n1*+H0*n0⇒S˜1=(|H0|2+|H1|2)S1+H1*H0S0−H1*H0S0︸=0+H1*n0−H0n1*

[0202] In some exemplary embodiments, the demodulation scheme described above can combine channel amplification, and / or it can cancel out the inter-stream components.

[0203] In some exemplary embodiments, the estimated pilot subcarriers can be used, for example, for estimations in a modern receiver chain.

[0204] In some exemplary embodiments, the demodulation scheme may be designed with reference to a transmission received via two receiving antennas, for example, as described above. In other embodiments, the demodulation scheme may be generalized for any other number of receiving antennas.

[0205] The reference is made to Fig. 6, which schematically represents a method for sending a transmission comprising pilot signals according to a transmission diversity scheme as described in some exemplary embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method may be Fig. 6. can be carried out by one or more elements of a system, for example a system 100 ( Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, for example, device 102 ( Fig. 1) and / or the facility 140 ( Fig. 1), a controller, e.g. the controller 124 ( Fig. 1) and / or the control unit 154 ( Fig. 1), a mapper, e.g. the Mapper 129 ( Fig. 1) a radio device, e.g. the radio device 114 ( Fig. 1) and / or the radio equipment 144 ( Fig. 1) and / or a message processor, e.g. the message processor 128 ( Fig. 1) and / or the message processor 158 ( Fig. 1).

[0206] As stated in Block 602, the method can involve mapping a plurality of data symbols to OFDM symbols in a plurality of spatial streams. For example, Mapper 129 ( Fig. 1) be designed to accommodate the equipment 102 ( Fig. 1) To cause, trigger and / or control the implemented wireless station to map the plurality of data symbols to OFDM symbols in a plurality of spatial streams, for example as described above.

[0207] As stated in Block 604, the procedure can include mapping a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme.

[0208] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot mapping scheme may include a first pilot sequence comprising a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream; a second pilot sequence comprising a second index following the first index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream; a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and / or a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0209] For example, the Mapper 129 ( Fig. 1) be designed to accommodate the equipment 102 ( Fig. 1) to cause, trigger and / or control the implemented wireless station to send a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to the pilot mapping scheme 500 ( Fig. 5) to depict, for example according to the description above.

[0210] As specified in block 606, the method can include sending a MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams. For example, control 124 ( Fig. 1) be designed to accommodate the equipment 102 ( Fig. 1) To cause, trigger and / or control the implemented wireless station to send the MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams, e.g. as described above.

[0211] The reference is made to Fig. 7, which schematically describes a method for processing a received transmission comprising pilot signals according to a transmission diversity scheme as described in some exemplary embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method may be Fig. 7. can be carried out by one or more elements of a system, for example a system 100 ( Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, for example, device 102 ( Fig. 1) and / or the facility 140 ( Fig. 1), a controller, e.g. the controller 124 ( Fig. 1) and / or the control unit 154 ( Fig. 1) a radio device, e.g. the radio device 114 ( Fig. 1) and / or the radio equipment 144 ( Fig. 1) and / or a message processor, e.g. the message processor 128 ( Fig. 1) and / or the message processor 158 ( Fig. 1).

[0212] As stated in block 702, the method can feature receiving a MIMO transmission, comprising a plurality of spatial streams. For example, the controller 154 ( Fig. 1) be designed to accommodate the facility 140 ( Fig. 1) to cause, trigger and / or control the implemented wireless station to initiate MIMO transmission, exhibiting the majority of spatial streams, from facility 102 ( Fig. 1) to receive, e.g. as described above.

[0213] As stated in Block 704, the method can include processing the MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to OFDM symbols in the plurality of spatial streams and a plurality of pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme.

[0214] In some exemplary embodiments, the pilot mapping scheme may include a first pilot sequence that has a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream; a second pilot sequence that has a second index following the first index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream; a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and / or a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream, for example as described above.

[0215] For example, the controller 154 ( Fig. 1) be designed to accommodate the facility 140 ( Fig. 1) to cause, trigger and / or control the implemented wireless station to enable MIMO transmission according to the diversity scheme 300 ( Fig. 3) and the pilot mapping scheme 500 ( Fig. 5) to process, e.g. according to the description above.

[0216] Reference is made to Fig. Figure 8, which schematically represents a manufactured product 800 according to some exemplary embodiments. The product 800 can comprise one or more physical, computer-readable, non-temporary storage media 802 containing instructions executable by a computer, e.g., implemented by the logic 804, operable when executed by at least one computer processor, in order to enable the at least one computer processor to perform one or more operations on devices 102 and / or 140 ( Fig. 1), Channels 118 and / or 148 ( Fig. 1), recipients 116 and / or 146 ( Fig. 1), Controllers 124 and / or 154 ( Fig. 1), Message processors 128 ( Fig. 1) and / or 158 ( Fig. 1), the pilot generator 127 ( Fig. 1), the Mapper 129 ( Fig. 1) and / or the demodulator 157 ( Fig. 1) to implement and / or to trigger and / or implement one or more processes and / or functionalities, for example, to perform one or more of the processes and / or functionalities described above, e.g., with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and / or 7. The wording “non-transient machine-readable medium” is intended to include all computer-readable media, with a transiently propagating signal being the sole exception.

[0217] In some exemplary embodiments, the product 800 and / or the storage medium 802 may comprise one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, comprising volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writable or rewritable memory, and the like. For example, the storage medium 802 may comprise: RAM, DRAM, Double Data Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, Static RAM (SRAM), ROM, Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), Flash memory (e.g.,NOR or NAND flash memory, content-addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon oxide nitride oxide silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. The computer-readable storage medium may comprise any suitable media involved in downloading or transmitting a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer, carried by data signals executed in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, such as a modem, radio, or network connection.

[0218] In some exemplary embodiments, the logic 804 may comprise instructions, data, and / or code which, when executed by a machine, can cause the machine to perform a procedure, process, and / or operations as described herein. The machine may, for example, comprise any suitable processing platforms, computing platforms, computing facilities, processing facilities, computing systems, processing systems, computers, processors, or the like, and it may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

[0219] In some exemplary embodiments, the Logic 804 may include or be implemented as software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, a group of instructions, computational code, words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include code of any suitable type, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. The instructions may be implemented according to a predetermined computer language, manner, or syntax to instruct a processor to perform a specific function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level and / or low-level object-oriented, visual, combined, and / or interpreted programming languages, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like. EXAMPLES

[0220] The following examples relate to further embodiments.

[0221] Example 1 comprises a device, including logic and circuitry, designed to cause a wireless station to map a plurality of data symbols to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams;to map a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; and to send a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.

[0222] Example 2 comprises the subject of Example 1, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0223] Example 3 comprises the subject matter of Example 1 or 2, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0224] Example 4 comprises the subject of Example 3, with the option of having the sixteen pilot subbeams evenly spaced.

[0225] Example 5 comprises the subject of Example 4, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0226] Example 6 includes the subject of one of Examples 3-5, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0227] Example 7 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 1-6, wherein optionally the apparatus is designed to cause the wireless station to generate a pilot sequence having an index n by applying a function based on a value of n to a predefined pilot sequence.

[0228] Example 8 includes the subject of Example 7, optionally including the predefined pilot sequence comprising the sequence [-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1].

[0229] Example 9 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 1-8, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission, comprising two spatial transmit streams via two associated antennas.

[0230] Example 10 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 1-9, optionally including the device designed to cause the wireless station to transmit the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0231] Example 11 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-10, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0232] Example 12 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 1-11, optionally comprising one or more antennas, a memory and a processor.

[0233] Example 13 comprises a wireless communication system comprising a wireless station, wherein the wireless station includes one or more antennas; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the wireless station to map a plurality of data symbols to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams;to map a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; and to send a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.

[0234] Example 14 comprises the subject of Example 13, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0235] Example 15 comprises the subject matter of Example 13 or 14, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0236] Example 16 comprises the subject of Example 15, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0237] Example 17 comprises the subject of Example 16, with the option of separating two adjacent pilot subbeams 20 subbeams from each other.

[0238] Example 18 comprises the subject of one of Examples 15-17, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0239] Example 19 includes the subject of one of Examples 13-18, optionally with the control designed to cause the wireless station to generate a pilot sequence having an index n by applying a function based on a value of n to a predefined pilot sequence.

[0240] Example 20 includes the subject of Example 19, optionally including the predefined pilot sequence comprising the sequence [-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1].

[0241] Example 21 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 13-20, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two associated antennas.

[0242] Example 22 comprises the subject matter of one of Examples 13-21, optionally including the control designed to cause the wireless station to transmit the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0243] Example 23 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 13-22, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0244] Example 24 includes a method for implementation at a wireless station, wherein the method comprises mapping a plurality of data symbols to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams;Mapping a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, comprising a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; and transmitting a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.

[0245] Example 25 comprises the subject of Example 24, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0246] Example 26 comprises the subject matter of Example 24 or 25, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0247] Example 27 comprises the subject of Example 26, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0248] Example 28 comprises the subject of Example 27, with the option of separating two adjacent pilot subbeams 20 subbeams from each other.

[0249] Example 29 comprises the subject of one of Examples 26-28, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0250] Example 30 comprises the subject of one of Examples 24-29, optionally comprising the generation of a pilot sequence having an index n by applying a function based on a value of n to a predefined pilot sequence.

[0251] Example 31 includes the subject of Example 30, optionally including the predefined pilot sequence comprising the sequence [-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1].

[0252] Example 32 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 24-31, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two associated antennas.

[0253] Example 33 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 24-32, optionally including the sending of the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0254] Example 34 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 24-33, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0255] Example 35 comprises a product comprising one or more physical, computer-readable, non-temporary storage media, comprising computer-executable instructions, operable to enable, when executed by at least one computer processor, the at least one computer processor to implement operations at a wireless station, wherein the operations comprise mapping a plurality of data symbols to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams;and mapping a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme comprising a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; and transmitting a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.

[0256] Example 36 comprises the subject of Example 35, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0257] Example 37 comprises the subject of Example 35 or 36, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0258] Example 38 comprises the subject of Example 37, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0259] Example 39 comprises the subject of Example 38, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0260] Example 40 comprises the subject of one of Examples 37-39, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0261] Example 41 comprises the subject of one of Examples 35-40, wherein the operations optionally include generating a pilot sequence having an index n by applying a function based on a value of n to a predefined pilot sequence.

[0262] Example 42 includes the subject of Example 41, optionally including the predefined pilot sequence comprising the sequence [- 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1].

[0263] Example 43 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 35-42, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two associated antennas.

[0264] Example 44 comprises the subject matter of one of Examples 35-43, optionally including the operations of sending the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0265] Example 45 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 35-44, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0266] Example 46 comprises a wireless station apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes means for mapping a plurality of data symbols to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of spatial streams;and means for mapping a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, comprising a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; and means for transmitting a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.

[0267] Example 47 comprises the subject of Example 46, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0268] Example 48 comprises the subject matter of Example 46 or 47, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0269] Example 49 comprises the subject of Example 48, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0270] Example 50 comprises the subject of Example 49, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0271] Example 51 comprises the subject of one of Examples 48-50, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0272] Example 52 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 46-51, optionally comprising means for generating a pilot sequence having an index n by applying a function based on a value of n to a predefined pilot sequence.

[0273] Example 53 includes the subject of Example 52, optionally including the predefined pilot sequence comprising the sequence [-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1].

[0274] Example 54 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 46-53, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams via two associated antennas.

[0275] Example 55 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 46-54, optionally comprising means for sending the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0276] Example 56 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 46-55, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0277] Example 57 comprises a device, including logic and circuitry, designed to cause a wireless station to receive a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and to process the MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, wherein the pilot mapping scheme comprises a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream.a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0278] Example 58 comprises the subject of Example 57, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0279] Example 59 comprises the subject matter of Example 57 or 58, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0280] Example 60 comprises the subject of Example 59, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0281] Example 61 comprises the subject of Example 60, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0282] Example 62 comprises the subject of one of Examples 59-61, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0283] Example 63 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 57-62, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams.

[0284] Example 64 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 57-63, optionally the apparatus being designed to cause the wireless station to transmit the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0285] Example 65 comprises the subject matter of one of Examples 57-64, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0286] Example 66 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 57-65, optionally comprising one or more antennas, a memory and a processor.

[0287] Example 67 comprises a wireless communication system comprising a wireless station, wherein the wireless station includes one or more antennas; a memory; a processor; and a controller designed to cause the wireless station to receive a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and to process the MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, wherein the pilot mapping scheme comprises a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second,exhibits an index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0288] Example 68 comprises the subject of Example 67, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0289] Example 69 comprises the subject matter of Example 67 or 68, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0290] Example 70 comprises the subject of Example 69, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0291] Example 71 comprises the subject of Example 70, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0292] Example 72 comprises the subject of one of Examples 69-71, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0293] Example 73 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 67-72, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams.

[0294] Example 74 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 67-73, optionally including the control designed to cause the wireless station to transmit the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0295] Example 75 comprises the subject matter of one of Examples 67-74, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0296] Example 76 comprises a method for carrying out at a wireless station, wherein the method includes receiving a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and processing the MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, wherein the pilot mapping scheme comprises a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream.a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0297] Example 77 comprises the subject of Example 76, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0298] Example 78 comprises the subject matter of Example 76 or 77, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0299] Example 79 comprises the subject of Example 78, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0300] Example 80 comprises the subject of Example 79, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0301] Example 81 comprises the subject of one of Examples 78-80, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0302] Example 82 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 76-81, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams.

[0303] Example 83 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 76-82, optionally including the reception of the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0304] Example 84 comprises the subject matter of one of Examples 76-83, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0305] Example 85 comprises a product comprising one or more computer-readable, non-temporary storage media, comprising computer-executable instructions, operable to enable, when executed by at least one computer processor, the at least one computer processor to implement operations at a wireless station, wherein the operations comprise receiving a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and processing the MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, wherein the pilot mapping scheme comprises a first pilot sequence comprising a first,comprising an index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, as well as a second pilot sequence comprising a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream, a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0306] Example 86 comprises the subject of Example 85, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0307] Example 87 comprises the subject matter of Example 85 or 86, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0308] Example 88 comprises the subject of Example 87, with the option that the sixteen pilot subbeams are evenly spaced.

[0309] Example 89 comprises the subject of Example 88, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0310] Example 90 comprises the subject of one of Examples 87-89, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0311] Example 91 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 85-90, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams.

[0312] Example 92 comprises the subject matter of one of Examples 85-91, optionally including the operations of receiving the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0313] Example 93 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 85-92, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0314] Example 94 comprises a wireless station apparatus, the apparatus comprising means for receiving a multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) transmission comprising a plurality of spatial streams; and means for processing the MIMO transmission according to a diversity scheme comprising a plurality of data symbols mapped to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the plurality of spatial streams, and a plurality of pilot sequences mapped to the OFDM symbols according to a pilot mapping scheme, the pilot mapping scheme comprising a first pilot sequence having a first index mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a first spatial stream, and a second pilot sequence having a second index following the first index and mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a first OFDM symbol of a second spatial stream.a repetition of the second pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream, and a repetition of the first pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a second OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0315] Example 95 comprises the subject of Example 94, wherein the pilot mapping scheme optionally includes a third pilot sequence having a third index following the second index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; a fourth pilot sequence having a fourth index following the third index, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a third OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream; a repetition of the fourth pilot sequence with inverted sign, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the first spatial stream; and a repetition of the third pilot sequence, mapped to a plurality of subcarriers in a fourth OFDM symbol of the second spatial stream.

[0316] Example 96 comprises the subject matter of Example 94 or 95, with each of the first and second pilot sequences optionally comprising sixteen pilot subcarriers.

[0317] Example 97 comprises the subject of Example 96, with the option of having the sixteen pilot subbeams evenly spaced.

[0318] Example 98 comprises the subject of Example 97, with the option that two adjacent pilot subbeams are separated by 20 subbeams.

[0319] Example 99 comprises the subject of one of Examples 96-98, optionally including the sixteen subcarriers with subcarrier indices of [-150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150].

[0320] Example 100 includes the subject matter of one of Examples 94-99, optionally including a 2xN-MIMO transmission comprising two spatial transmit streams.

[0321] Example 101 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 94-100, optionally comprising means for receiving the MIMO transmission over a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) band.

[0322] Example 102 comprises the subject matter of any of Examples 94-101, optionally the wireless station being a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) station (STA).

[0323] The functions, processes, components and / or features described here with reference to one or more embodiments can be combined with or used in combination with one or more other functions, processes, components and / or features described here with reference to one or more other embodiments, or vice versa.

[0324] While certain features have been presented and described here, experts in this field will recognize many modifications, substitutions, alterations, and equivalents. It is therefore understood that the attached claims are intended to cover all such modifications and alterations that fall within the scope of protection of the disclosure.

Claims

[1] Device comprising: a processor having logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to: to map data to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of space-time streams in accordance with a space-time block code (STBC) scheme; to map a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols in the plurality of space-time streams in accordance with the STBC scheme, wherein a first pilot sequence of the plurality of pilot sequences is mapped in accordance with the STBC scheme to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having a first index in a first space-time stream and to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having a second index in a second space-time stream, the second index following the first index, and wherein a second pilot sequence of the plurality of pilot sequences is mapped in accordance with the STBC scheme to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having the second index in the first space-time stream and to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having the first index in the second space-time stream; and to send an OFDM transmission over a wireless communication channel in a frequency band above 45 gigahertz (GHz), wherein the OFDM transmission is based on the plurality of space-time streams, wherein the device is arranged to generate the first and second pilot sequences based on (2p n -1), where n denotes an OFDM symbol index and p n a value from a scrambler corresponding to the OFDM symbol index n. [2] The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the STBC scheme comprises a first mapping of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol having the first index in the first space-time stream and a second mapping of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol having the second index in the second space-time stream, wherein the second mapping of the first pilot sequence comprises a repetition of the first mapping of the first pilot sequence. [3] The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the STBC scheme comprises a first mapping of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol having the second index in the first space-time stream and a second mapping of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol having the first index in the second space-time stream, wherein the second mapping of the second pilot sequence comprises a repetition of the first mapping of the second pilot sequence with sign inversion. [4] The apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first space-time stream comprises an odd-numbered space-time stream and the second space-time stream comprises an even-numbered space-time stream. [5] The apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, wherein bit values ​​of a shift register of the scrambler for a first OFDM symbol are all set to "1". [6] Apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises 16 pilot values. [7] The apparatus of any of claims 1-6, wherein the STA comprises an Extended Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA. [8] Apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising a radio, wherein the processor is arranged to cause the radio to transmit the OFDM transmission. [9] Apparatus according to claim 8, comprising two or more antennas connected to the radio and a further processor for executing instructions of an operating system. [10] A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication station (STA), the method comprising: Mapping data to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a plurality of space-time streams in accordance with a space-time block code (STBC) scheme; Mapping a plurality of pilot sequences to the OFDM symbols in the plurality of space-time streams in accordance with the STBC scheme, wherein a first pilot sequence of the plurality of pilot sequences is mapped in accordance with the STBC scheme to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having a first index in a first space-time stream and to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having a second index in a second space-time stream, the second index following the first index, and wherein a second pilot sequence of the plurality of pilot sequences is mapped in accordance with the STBC scheme to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having the second index in the first space-time stream and to a plurality of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol having the first index in the second space-time stream; and Sending an OFDM transmission over a wireless communication channel in a frequency band above 45 gigahertz (GHz), wherein the OFDM transmission is based on the plurality of space-time streams, the method further comprising: generating the first and second pilot sequences based on (2p n -1), where n denotes an OFDM symbol index and p n a value from a scrambler corresponding to the OFDM symbol index n. [11] The method of claim 10, wherein the STBC scheme comprises a first mapping of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol having the first index in the first space-time stream and a second mapping of the first pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol having the second index in the second space-time stream, wherein the second mapping of the first pilot sequence comprises a repetition of the first mapping of the first pilot sequence. [12] The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the STBC scheme comprises a first mapping of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol with the second index in the first space-time stream and a second mapping of the second pilot sequence to the plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM symbol with the first index in the second space-time stream, wherein the second mapping of the second pilot sequence comprises a repetition of the first mapping of the second pilot sequence with sign inversion. [13] The method of any of claims 10-12, wherein the first space-time stream comprises an odd-numbered space-time stream and the second space-time stream comprises an even-numbered space-time stream. [14] A method according to any one of claims 10-13, wherein bit values ​​of a shift register of the scrambler for a first OFDM symbol are all set to "1". [15] The method of any of claims 10-14, wherein each of the first and second pilot sequences comprises 16 pilot values. [16] The method of any of claims 10-15, wherein the STA comprises an Extended Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) STA. [17] A product comprising one or more computer-readable, non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to perform the method of any one of claims 10-16. [18] Apparatus comprising means for causing a wireless communication station (STA) to perform the method according to any one of claims 10-16.

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