Electromagnetic manufacturing process and forming device for a mesoscale plate

Abstract

Electromagnetic manufacturing process for a mesoscopic scale plateau, characterized in that it comprises a forming step and a shaping step, wherein the forming step comprises at least: Step (1): a first workpiece (4) to be formed is arranged opposite a (casting) mold (6) with a distance between the first workpiece (4) and the mold (6), two ends of the first workpiece (4) are restricted by lateral pressing, and a delay block (8-1; 8-2) is arranged on two sides of the mold (6), wherein a height of the delay block (8-1; 8-2) is less than a height of the (casting) mold (6); Step (2): the first workpiece (4) is controlled so that, under the driving force of a uniform electromagnetic force, it tends and accelerates towards the shape (6) in order to be deformed; and Step (3): A central region of the first workpiece (4) initially collides with the mold (6) under the driving force of the uniform electromagnetic force, whereby a region of the two ends of the first workpiece (4) is moved further towards the mold (6), the velocity of the central region of the first workpiece (4) is decelerated to zero, and the forming process is completed when the region of the two ends collides with the deceleration block (8-1; 8-2) and decelerates, and the velocity of all regions of the first workpiece (4) is zero; and the shaping step includes in particular: Step (4): the first workpiece (4) is guided to tend further towards the form (6) under a drive of an electromagnetic force, and proceed to step (5); and Step (5): it is determined whether the first workpiece (4) completely fills the form (6), if so the forming is complete, and if not, the process is returned to step (4).

Description

BACKGROUND Technical area

[0001] The disclosure relates to the field of material (re)formation and manufacturing, and in particular to an electromagnetic manufacturing process and a forming device for a mesoscopic scale plateau. Description of the state of the art

[0002] The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell offers advantages such as high efficiency, low operating temperature, fast start-up, and near-complete environmental compatibility. In recent years, the PEM fuel cell has garnered significant attention and has been widely deployed in automobiles, long-haul trucks, and even drones. A key component of the PEM fuel cell is the bipolar plate, which primarily comprises a graphite bipolar plate, a polymer-carbon composite bipolar plate, and a metal bipolar plate. These components account for approximately 75% of the cell's total weight and roughly 11% to 45% of its total cost. The metal bipolar plate offers advantages such as superior manufacturing efficiency, high mechanical strength, and low cost, making it a promising development trend.This is especially true for titanium alloys and stainless steel with a low thickness (0.05 mm to 0.2 mm) that still exhibit sufficient mechanical strength on a mesoscale.

[0003] Metal bipolar plates typically require dense and deep microflow channels (approximately 0.4 mm deep and 1 mm wide) for improved substance transfer and exchange. They also demand extremely high flatness and surface precision to form stacks of hundreds of bipolar plates (flatness deviation ±1%). Conventional stamping and forming processes require multiple dies and procedures to produce a bipolar plate that meets these quality requirements, complicating the manufacturing process and driving up costs. Therefore, the development of a new, cost-effective bipolar plate forming process is urgently needed and of great importance.

[0004] Electromagnetic forming is a high-speed forming process that uses electromagnetic force to accelerate a workpiece from rest to hundreds of meters per second within hundreds of microseconds, causing it to collide with or impact a (casting) mold. This can increase the forming limits of metals and represents a significant technical solution for addressing the forming and manufacturing challenges of difficult-to-machine metals such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, while simultaneously reducing processing steps and costs. However, precise control of the electromagnetic forming process of the bipolar plate is crucial for achieving a highly precise and extremely flat bipolar plate.

[0005] The well-known forming process has the following problems: (1) The workpiece cannot reach a uniform and sufficiently high speed to achieve a uniform impact force before it collides with or impacts the mold. Fig. Figure 1 shows diagrams of the velocity and displacement distribution of a workpiece according to the state of the art. Fig. 1 It is evident that, even if the workpiece is subjected to a uniform electromagnetic force, the velocity in a central area of ​​the workpiece is the same at both ends of the workpiece due to the side pressure restraining effect during the forming process, but the velocity at the two ends is smaller, resulting in smaller depths of the flow channels at the two ends of the workpiece. (2) Rebound and wrinkling of the thin-walled workpiece during the collision process are unavoidable. During the forming process, the overall length of the workpiece increases due to plastic deformation, and if this occurs uncontrollably, the workpiece develops wrinkles and rebounds in certain areas, which severely impairs the flatness of the workpiece. (3) The workpiece cannot be precisely reshaped after preliminary forming. The relative change in the workpiece's position with respect to the shape due to secondary manufacturing means will lead to larger errors in the flow channels. At the same time, without an acceleration path, it cannot be ensured that the workpiece receives sufficient impact force. DE102005013539 A1 discloses a method for deforming a material plate. A device for deforming a plate comprises a tool part, an electromagnetic actuator, and a conductive frame. The tool part defines a profiled surface. The electromagnetic actuator is arranged opposite the profiled surface of the tool part.The conductive frame can secure the sheet metal in electrical contact with the conductive frame in a position between the electromagnetic actuator and the profiled tool surface, enabling deformation against the tool surface. CN 102248059 A further discloses an electromagnetic forming process which includes, among other things, deforming the workpiece part located outside a mold half away from the mold half by the electromagnetic force between the induced eddy currents and the impulse current, deforming the workpiece part located inside the mold half towards the mold half, and accelerating the workpiece to attach it to the mold half under the influence of the induced eddy currents in a stable magnetic field and thus completing the forming process.DE102011003548 A1 discloses a method in which a formed sheet material is positioned between the die and the coil, and an actuator is moved in the specific direction to prevent the sheet material from springing back and / or from folding. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, one object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic manufacturing method for a mesoscopic scale plateau which aims to solve the problems that, according to the prior art, a workpiece does not receive a uniform impact force before colliding with a casting mold, and that during the forming process wrinkles and area-wide rebound of the workpiece are produced, resulting in poor flatness of the workpiece.

[0007] To solve the aforementioned problem, the invention provides an electromagnetic method for producing a mesoscopic scale plateau, comprising a forming step and a shaping step. The shaping step comprises, in particular, the following. (1) A first workpiece to be formed is positioned opposite a (casting) mold and is located at a distance from the mold. Two ends of the first workpiece are laterally confined, and a delay block is arranged on both sides of the mold, the height of which is less than the height of the mold. (2) The first workpiece is controlled so that, under the driving force of a uniform electromagnetic force, it tends and accelerates towards the shape in order to be deformed. (3) Under the influence of the uniform electromagnetic force, a central region of the first workpiece initially collides with the mold. A region near both ends of the first workpiece continues to move towards the mold, and the central region of the first workpiece is driven until it decelerates to zero. After the region near both ends of the first workpiece collides with the deceleration block and the speed of all regions of the first workpiece has been reduced to zero, the forming process is complete.

[0008] The forming step includes, in particular, the following.

[0009] (4) The first workpiece is controlled so that it continues to tend towards the shape under the driving force of the electromagnetic force, followed by step (5).

[0010] (5) It is determined whether the first workpiece fits completely into the mold. If so, the molding process is complete. If not, the process is returned to step (4).

[0011] Furthermore, by adjusting the distance between the mold and the first workpiece, an area of ​​the first workpiece with a uniform velocity distribution completely covers a forming area of ​​the (casting) mold at the moment of collision with the mold, whereby the size of the distance is in negative relation to the size of the area with a uniform velocity distribution in the middle area of ​​the first workpiece, and initially increases and then decreases with the size of the collision velocity.

[0012] Furthermore, the electromagnetic force on the first workpiece is generated by the combined effect of a magnetic field and a workpiece current. This current allows the first workpiece to collide with the mold at a specific temperature, generating Joule heating. Depending on the size of the temperature range, forming at room temperature, forming at elevated temperature, and superplastic forming of the first workpiece can be performed.

[0013] Furthermore, a second workpiece to be formed is positioned below and centrally to the first workpiece, and is compatible with the first. The first workpiece is controlled so that, driven by a uniform electromagnetic force, it moves towards the mold, causing the second workpiece to collide with the mold. The topography of the second workpiece is constrained by the mold. The length of the second workpiece is shorter than that of the first, and the second workpiece maintains the uniform average speed range of the first workpiece.

[0014] Furthermore, by placing a layer of soft insulating material between the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the second workpiece can flow more easily to the bottom of the mold.

[0015] Also revealed, but not claimed, is a mesoscopic scale plateau obtained through the manufacturing process.

[0016] Also disclosed, but not claimed, is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on the mesoscopic scale plateau.

[0017] The invention further provides an electromagnetic forming device for mesoscopic scale plates, comprising a coil frame, a forming coil, a side-pressing device, a workpiece holder block, a die, a pulse supply, a first delay block, and a second delay block. The forming coil is wound on the coil frame and serves to generate a uniform electromagnetic force after the application of current. The pulse supply is connected to the forming coil to energize it. The side-pressing device is used to generate a side-pressing force for the first workpiece to be formed. The workpiece holder block is held in contact with the first workpiece to be formed under the external pressure provided by the side-pressing device and is arranged within the coil frame.The first and second delay blocks are each positioned at opposite ends of the mold, with their heights being less than the mold height. These blocks serve to provide a buffer for the area near the two ends of the first workpiece, thus providing a delay after the workpiece collides with the mold.

[0018] During processing, the first workpiece to be formed is positioned opposite the top of the mold. The two ends of the first workpiece are held in place by the side press. The first workpiece is controlled so that it tends towards the mold and is deformed under the influence of a uniform electromagnetic force. Initially, a central section of the first workpiece collides with the mold. A section near the two ends of the first workpiece continues to move towards the mold, and the central section of the first workpiece is driven to decelerate to zero. Once the section near the two ends of the first workpiece has collided with the deceleration block and the speed of all sections of the first workpiece has been reduced to zero, the forming process is complete.A section of the first workpiece, elongated by plastic deformation, is held back above the first and second delay blocks to ensure that the portion of the first workpiece in contact with the mold is flattened and fits completely into the mold. This reduces wrinkling and rebound of the workpiece and improves its flatness. A second workpiece is also included. The second workpiece is positioned at a lower, central position of the first workpiece. The length of the second workpiece is less than the length of the first workpiece.

[0019] Furthermore, the side-pressing device exerts pressure on the workpiece carrier block by acting on a section of the workpiece carrier block that is larger than the width of the forming coil. The design of the side-pressing device includes, in particular, the following: The lateral pressing of the first workpiece is achieved by means of a shaft that is connected to and attached to the section of the workpiece carrier block that is larger than the width of the forming coil, and then pressed firmly against an outer wall of the coil frame by a nut. Alternatively, the lateral pressing of the first workpiece is achieved by a short-stroke cylinder or a comparable mechanical assembly that acts directly on the section of the workpiece carrier block that is larger than the width of the forming coil by exerting pressure that tends towards an inner wall of the coil frame.

[0020] Furthermore, the forming coil is a spiral coil with multiple turns wound from a single wire, which is convenient to manufacture and reliable; or it is a spiral coil with multiple turns wound from several wires wound in parallel. Two ends of the multiple wires receive tightly crimped terminals to maintain electrical contact. Such parallel winding can significantly reduce the coil's impedance and increase its current frequency, thus delivering a higher electromagnetic force to the workpiece.

[0021] Furthermore, the width of the workpiece carrier block is greater than the width of the forming coil. The workpiece carrier block is a conductor, preferably a good conductor such as copper, aluminum, etc. The workpiece carrier block and the first workpiece have good electrical contact. Therefore, both the first workpiece and the workpiece carrier block will induce current and form a current loop, which can significantly improve the uniformity of the induced current flowing through the first workpiece and the uniformity of the electromagnetic force. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic force between the first workpiece and the workpiece carrier block allows the two to press against each other, which can also provide the electromagnetic lateral pressure force for the first workpiece. The workpiece carrier block can also act as an insulator.In this case, the workpiece carrier block will not induce a current, and the first workpiece will not cause an arcing problem due to the electrical contact.

[0022] In addition, pressure is applied to the workpiece carrier block to cause the first workpiece to tend towards the inner wall of the coil frame.

[0023] Furthermore, the shape of the (casting) mold is designed according to the required topography of the first workpiece, which in particular has an arbitrarily curved surface shape, such as a wave-like, concave, or convex shape, to constrain the shape of the workpiece; or is an arbitrarily shaped concave or convex groove to implement sheet metal punching. Punching and forming can be carried out simultaneously during a forming process.

[0024] Furthermore, the mold and the first and second delay blocks located at its two ends can be integrally formed as a whole to create the mold. The area of ​​each end of the mold is smaller than the height of the mold's working area.

[0025] Through the technical solutions provided by the invention as described above, the invention can achieve the following advantageous effects compared to the prior art: (1) According to the invention, the workpiece is given a uniform and sufficiently high speed before it collides with the mold. A uniform speed distribution results in a uniform impact pressure, thus preventing thinning and cracking caused by large variations in the depth of the flow channel and excessive local stresses in the workpiece. Furthermore, by increasing the speed, the workpiece can achieve a higher impact force, i.e., a deeper flow channel. (2) According to the invention, the rebound and wrinkling of the thin-walled workpiece during the collision process can be reduced. In particular, by setting the height of the delay block to a lower height than the height of the mold, the part of the workpiece elongated by plastic deformation and located near the two ends of the mold can move further downwards, thereby reducing wrinkling and rebound of the workpiece and improving the flatness of the workpiece. (3) According to the invention, the workpiece can be precisely shaped after pre-forming. In particular, the (casting) mold is attached to the inner wall of the coil frame by external pressure through the simultaneous movement of the mold and the second workpiece and the first workpiece attached to it, in order to control the discharge of the mold coil. The electromagnetic force is generated in the second workpiece and the first workpiece to further tend towards the mold in order to complete the shaping of the workpiece, thereby avoiding a positional offset of the flow channel caused by the secondary tooling. (4) According to the invention, the problem of lateral pressing of the workpiece in a confined space is solved by applying pressure to the workpiece support block to tend towards the inner wall of the coil frame. (5) According to the invention, by setting the length of the second workpiece to a shorter length than the length of the first workpiece, the uniform and high speed of the central area of ​​the workpiece is maintained, thereby reducing the deviation of the flow channel of the workpiece. (6) According to the invention, the forming coil, which fulfills the forming requirements of the bipolar plate, is very important. It not only provides a uniform electromagnetic force for the workpiece, but also sufficient electromagnetic lateral pressing force for the workpiece, and can ensure that the coils have sufficient service life and forming efficiency in mass production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. Figure 1 is a deformation diagram of a workpiece under a uniform electromagnetic force, wherein Fig. 1 (a) a diagram of a forming process and a displacement distribution of the workpiece over time; and Fig. 1 (b) a diagram of the ratio of a uniform speed interval of the workpiece to a length of the workpiece under different shape displacements and speeds under different shape displacements. Fig. Figure 2 is an implementation flowchart of an electromagnetic manufacturing process for a mesoscopic scale plateau according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein Fig. 2 (a) a flowchart of a forming step in the electromagnetic manufacturing process of the mesoscopic scale plateau; and Fig. 2 (b) is a flow diagram of a shaping step in the electromagnetic manufacturing process for the mesoscopic scale plateau. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a forming device for a mesoscopic scale plateau according to a first embodiment of the invention. Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a forming device for a mesoscopic scale plateau according to a second embodiment of the invention. Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a longitudinal section of the forming device for the mesoscopic scale plateau according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a transformation process for the mesoscopic scale plateau, wherein Fig. 6 (a) is a schematic representation of wrinkling and rebound during a conventional forming process; Fig. 6 (b) is a schematic representation showing that the wrinkles and rebound during the forming process of the workpiece according to a forming process of the disclosure are greatly reduced; and Fig. 6 (c) is a schematic representation of the shaping of the workpiece of the revelation.

[0026] In the text, the same reference symbol represents the same physical quantity, where 1 is a coil frame, 2 is a forming coil, 3 is a workpiece carrier block, 4 is a first workpiece, 5 is a second workpiece, 6 is a mold, 7 is a pulse supply, 8-1 is a first delay block, 8-2 is a second delay block, and 9 is a side press device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSED FORM OF EXECUTION

[0027] To clarify the objective, technical solutions, and advantages of the invention, it will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be clear that the specific embodiments described here serve only to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit its scope.

[0028] According to the invention, the requirements for obtaining a uniform and sufficiently high speed for a mesoscopic device, such as a metal bipolar plate, are met, and the goal of reducing rebound and wrinkling and improving surface quality is achieved. The invention provides an electromagnetic manufacturing method and a forming device for a mesoscopic scale plateau. For the sake of simplicity, only parts relating to the embodiments of the disclosure are shown, which are explained in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0029] As in Fig. As shown in 2, the electromagnetic manufacturing process for mesoscopic scale plateaus provided by the invention comprises two steps: a workpiece forming step S1 and a workpiece shaping step S2.

[0030] As in Fig. As shown in 2 (a), the workpiece forming step S1 comprises the following. S11: A first workpiece to be formed is positioned opposite and parallel to a mold. Two ends of the first workpiece are held in place by lateral pressure. A delay block is positioned on two sides of the mold. The height of the delay block is less than the height of the mold. S12: A coil is energized by delivering a pulse. A uniform electromagnetic force is generated in the first workpiece when the coil is discharged. The first workpiece tilts towards the shape and is deformed under the driving force of the uniform electromagnetic force. S13: Under the influence of the uniform electromagnetic force, a central region of the first workpiece initially collides with the mold. A region at both ends of the first workpiece continues moving towards the mold, causing the central region to decelerate to zero. The forming process is complete after a region near both ends of the first workpiece collides with the deceleration block, and the speed of all regions of the first workpiece has slowed to zero.

[0031] In one embodiment of the invention, since a uniform velocity distribution area in the central region of the first workpiece is the first to collide with the mold, the size of the uniform velocity distribution area of ​​the first workpiece and the magnitude of the velocity of the corresponding workpiece at the moment of collision with the mold can be determined by adjusting the distance between the mold and the first workpiece. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 1(b), with decreasing distance, the size of the central area with the first workpiece traveling at a uniform speed gradually increases, and the collision speed initially increases and then decreases as the distance increases. The size of the distance can be appropriately designed by finite element and other methods such that the central area with the workpiece traveling at a uniform speed completely covers a mold area and collides with the mold at a speed generally greater than 50 m / s to constrain the shape of the workpiece.

[0032] Since the area near both ends of the first workpiece continues to move downwards after the central area of ​​the first workpiece collides with the mold, the first workpiece is decelerated after the collision with the retarding block until the speed of all areas of the first workpiece is zero. During the process, the height difference between the retarding block and the mold should ideally be designed to correspond to the length of the workpiece after plastic deformation; that is, a section of the workpiece elongated by plastic deformation should be held back above the retarding block to ensure that a section of the workpiece in contact with the mold is flattened and fits completely into the mold, which greatly improves and reduces wrinkling and rebound of the workpiece.

[0033] In the embodiment of the invention, the step of forming the workpiece further comprises: fitting the second workpiece and the first workpiece, advancing the second workpiece through the first workpiece and allowing the second workpiece to collide with the mold, and constraining the topography of the second workpiece by the mold.

[0034] The length of the second workpiece is shorter than the length of the first workpiece, but greater than or equal to the length of the mold. During the forming process, the second workpiece adjusts to the first workpiece and is located in the middle section of the first workpiece, so that the second workpiece assumes the area of ​​uniform velocity distribution of the first workpiece.

[0035] In one embodiment of the invention, a layer of soft insulating material (e.g., polyurethane) can be arranged between the first and second workpieces, allowing the second workpiece to flow more easily to the bottom of the mold. In another embodiment of the invention, if it is necessary to shape a metal with low conductivity, such as a titanium alloy, because the current induced by titanium itself is too small to generate sufficient electromagnetic force to satisfy its own plastic deformation, an aluminum plate can be used as the first workpiece and a titanium plate as the second workpiece.

[0036] In the invention, the forming process involves leveling the workpiece and reshaping a three-dimensionally shaped process element. The workpiece is pre-deformed slightly by an electromagnetic force, and the flatness, shape, size, radius of curvature, etc., of a forming element are adjusted to meet the requirements of the first or second workpiece. Compared to conventional forming by contact force, the electromagnetic force provided in the forming method of the invention has no size effect and exerts a force on the workpiece at the atomic scale, enabling topographic modifications of the workpiece surface in the micrometer or even nanometer range.

[0037] As in Fig. As shown in 2 (b), the workpiece forming step S2 comprises the following.

[0038] S21: Depending on the topography of the workpiece and the mold, one or more of the following forming methods can be selected to further adjust the difference in the amount of deformation. (1) The workpiece or the mold is not moved, and an electromagnetic force is directly generated on the first workpiece by an electromagnetic driver to cause it to move further towards the mold, which is suitable in the case of a small amount of deformation. (2) The first workpiece covering the mold and the mold are moved to an initial position of the first workpiece, and the electromagnetic force is generated on the first workpiece by the electromagnetic driver to cause it to move further towards the mold, thus reducing the distance between the workpiece and the electromagnetic driver, thereby increasing the electromagnetic force on the workpiece and improving forming efficiency.

[0039] In one embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic driver can be discharged several times to ensure that the first workpiece fits completely into the mold.

[0040] In one embodiment of the invention, a layer of soft film is arranged between the first workpiece and the forming coil to limit the rebound of the first workpiece.

[0041] S22: The second workpiece is driven to move together through the first workpiece, so that the second workpiece acts on the mold to complete the shaping.

[0042] The second workpiece is shorter than the first, but greater than or equal to the length of the mold. During the forming process, the second workpiece fits the first and is located in the middle section of the first.

[0043] In one embodiment of the invention, the first workpiece is a conductive material. The conductive workpiece can induce current in a changing magnetic field. The electromagnetic force of the first workpiece is generated by the combined effect of the induced current, which is produced on the workpiece by the electromagnetic driver, and the surrounding magnetic field. The induced current can increase the temperature rise of the workpiece, thereby improving its plasticity. The thinner the first workpiece, the more pronounced the temperature rise.

[0044] The forming and shaping process of the first workpiece can be carried out in a reduced pressure environment to reduce the workpiece's air resistance, allowing the workpiece to achieve a higher speed while reducing partial workpiece instability caused by the air not being released from the flow channel in time to improve the workpiece's surface accuracy.

[0045] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the disclosure also provides an electromagnetic forming device for a mesoscopic scale plateau, comprising: a coil frame 1, a forming coil 2, a side pressure device 9, a workpiece carrier block 3, a die 6, a pulse supply 7, a first delay block 8-1, and a second delay block 8-2. The forming coil 2 is wound on the coil frame 1 and serves to generate a uniform electromagnetic force after energization. The workpiece carrier block 3 is held in contact with the first workpiece 4 under the external pressure generated by the side pressure device 9 and is arranged within the coil frame 1. The side pressure device 9 serves to drive the workpiece carrier block 3 closer to the first workpiece 4 by acting upon it, in order to generate a side pressure force on the first workpiece 4.The pulse supply 7 is connected to the forming coil 2 to supply a varying pulse current to the forming coil 2. The die 6 is arranged opposite and parallel to the first workpiece 4 below it. The die 6, the first delay block, and the second delay block are all located within the forming coil 2. The pulse supply 7 is connected to the forming coil 2 and is controlled to discharge the forming coil 2, generating a forming and varying magnetic field within the forming coil 2, thus inducing a current in the first workpiece. Under the combined action of the induced current and the forming magnetic field, the first workpiece is formed by the strain caused by the electromagnetic force and tilts towards the shape.The first deceleration block 8-1 and the second deceleration block 8-2 are each arranged at opposite ends of the (casting) mold 6, and the height of the first deceleration block 8-1 and the second deceleration block 8-2 is less than the height of the mold 6. The first deceleration block 8-1 and the second deceleration block 8-2 are used to provide a buffer for deceleration after the impact of the first workpiece 4 on the mold.

[0046] During processing, the two ends of the first workpiece 4 are pressed laterally by the side press. The forming coil 2 is connected via the pulse supply 7. The pulse supply is controlled to discharge the forming coil 2, generating a forming and changing magnetic field within it. An induced current is generated in the first workpiece. Under the combined effect of the induced current and the forming magnetic field, the first workpiece is shaped by the strain caused by the electromagnetic force and accelerated in the direction of the shape. If the workpiece carrier block 3 is made of metal, it also generates an induced current and forms a loop with the current in the first workpiece. A region with a uniform velocity distribution in a central area of ​​the first workpiece collides with the shape first.Since both ends of the first workpiece are still moving downwards after it collides with the mold, the workpiece is decelerated after impact with the deceleration block until the velocity of all areas of the first workpiece is zero. The size of the uniform velocity distribution area of ​​the first workpiece, and thus the magnitude of its velocity at the moment of collision with the mold, can be adjusted by setting a distance between the mold and the first workpiece; that is, the size of the distance is inversely proportional to the uniform velocity distribution area of ​​the first workpiece.The size of the gap can be suitably adjusted by finite element and other methods so that the workpiece's uniform mean velocity completely covers a mold area and collides with the mold at a speed generally greater than 50 m / s to constrain the workpiece's shape. During the process, the height difference between the deceleration block and the mold should be suitably designed to correspond to the workpiece's length after plastic deformation; that is, a section of the workpiece elongated by plastic deformation should be retained above the deceleration block to ensure that a section of the workpiece in contact with the mold is flattened and fits completely into the mold, which greatly improves and reduces wrinkling and rebound of the workpiece.

[0047] In one embodiment of the invention, the forming coil 2 can be a spiral coil with multiple turns wound from a single wire, which is convenient to manufacture and reliable, or it can be multiple spiral coils with multiple turns wound from multiple wires in parallel. Two ends of the multiple wires receive tightly crimped terminals to maintain electrical contact and achieve the parallel connection. Such a parallel winding can significantly reduce the coil's impedance and increase its discharge current frequency, thus providing the workpiece with a higher electromagnetic force. The shape of the forming coil is preferably rectangular or racetrack-shaped, so that the workpiece receives a uniform electromagnetic force.

[0048] In one embodiment of the invention, the workpiece carrier block 3 can be an insulator or a conductor while exhibiting a certain mechanical strength. If the workpiece carrier block 3 is a conductor, it also maintains electrical contact with the first workpiece to induce a current in the workpiece carrier block 3 and the first workpiece, thus forming an induced current loop that allows the electromagnetic force received by the first workpiece to be more uniform.

[0049] In one embodiment of the invention, the delay block 3 can be an insulator or a conductor while exhibiting a certain mechanical strength. For example, epoxy or polyurethane is used to produce a cuboid structure that is arranged on both sides of the mold.

[0050] In one embodiment of the invention, the mold can be designed according to requirements and can have any curved surface shape, such as a wave-like, concave, or convex shape to replicate the shape of the first workpiece; or it can also be a concave or convex groove of any shape to implement plate punching. If the mold is formed integrally with the first and second delay blocks, the first and second delay blocks can be considered as part of the mold, i.e., the height of the two ends of the mold is less than the height of a central part. The two ends of the mold serve as buffers for delaying.

[0051] In one embodiment of the invention, the side-pressing device 9 exerts an external pressure on the workpiece carrier block to cause the workpiece to tend towards an inner wall of the coil frame, thereby providing a side-pressing force for the first workpiece. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5, the workpiece carrier block should be larger than the width of the forming coil, with the side-pressing device contacting a section of the workpiece carrier block that is larger than the width of the forming coil to exert pressure. The side-pressing device provides the lateral pressing force for the first workpiece by using a shaft that is connected and secured to the workpiece carrier block and then pressed firmly against an outer wall of the coil frame via a nut. Alternatively, a short-stroke cylinder or similar mechanical assembly can act directly on the workpiece carrier block by exerting pressure that tends toward an inner wall of the coil frame. Both methods overcome the problem of lateral pressure on the workpiece in a confined space where the workpiece and the workpiece carrier block are located inside the coil against the inner wall of the coil frame.

[0052] In one embodiment of the invention, the mold and the first workpiece are arranged relative to and parallel to each other at a distance. This distance allows the first workpiece to be accelerated under the influence of the electromagnetic force to achieve a collision velocity. The distance between the mold and the first workpiece can be suitably designed using finite element and other methods such that the central region of the workpiece's uniform velocity completely covers the mold and collides with it to form the workpiece.

[0053] In one embodiment of the invention, the delay block is arranged on both sides of the mold and is smaller than the height of the mold. In this way, an area near the ends of the workpiece—that is, an area excluding the side-pressing area of ​​the first workpiece and the collision area between the first workpiece and the mold—moves further downwards until the speed is zero. This ensures that the area of ​​the workpiece in contact with the mold is flattened and fully conforms to the mold, further improving and reducing wrinkling and rebound of the workpiece. The height difference between the delay block and the mold should be within a reasonable range to prevent the workpiece from snapping into the mold.The mold and the attached workpiece move as a unit to conform to the inner wall of the coil frame, controlling the pulse supply to perform the secondary discharge on the forming coil. The electromagnetic force generated in the workpiece allows it to continue to conform to the mold, thus completing the shaping process.

[0054] According to a second embodiment of the invention, if it is necessary to shape a metal with low conductivity, such as a titanium alloy, since the current induced by titanium itself is too small to generate a sufficient electromagnetic force to satisfy its own plastic deformation, an aluminum plate can be used to drive the titanium plate for shaping. That is, the aluminum plate is the first workpiece and the titanium plate a second workpiece. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the second workpiece is also included on the basis of the forming device for the Mesoscale plate. The second workpiece is adapted to the first workpiece, and its length is shorter than that of the first workpiece.

[0055] If the conductivity of the second workpiece is too low to induce a sufficient current and thus obtain a sufficient electromagnetic force, the first workpiece can serve as a drive source to propel the second workpiece to move together, wherein the length of the second workpiece is shorter than that of the first workpiece and is located in the middle of the workpiece, thereby avoiding plastic deformation at the two ends of the second workpiece due to a lateral pressure limitation, which can also help the second workpiece to adopt the uniform velocity distribution range of the first workpiece.

[0056] Preferably, a layer of soft insulating material, such as polyurethane, can be arranged between the first and second workpieces, allowing the second workpiece to flow more easily to the bottom of the mold. For this purpose, a highly conductive alloy, comparable to aluminum or copper, is preferably used for the first workpiece, ideally a fully annealed, industrially pure aluminum alloy with lower hardness. This allows the second workpiece to flow more easily to the bottom of the mold.

[0057] In one embodiment of the invention, the first workpiece can also be arranged outside the coil frame. The corresponding die, the workpiece carrier block, and the delay block are located outside the forming coil.

[0058] To further clarify the objective, the technical solutions and the advantages of the invention, the invention will below be described with reference to the Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 to Fig. 6 and the embodiments are described in more detail below.

[0059] A forming device for a mesoscopic scale plateau provided by the invention comprises: a coil frame 1, a forming coil 2, a workpiece carrier block 3, a second workpiece 4, a first workpiece 4, a die 6, a pulse supply 7, a first delay block 8-1, and a second delay block 8-2. The forming coil 2 is wound onto the coil frame 1, and a layer of reinforcing material, similar to Zylon or glass fiber, is wound onto it. The coil frame 1 is preferably cut from a high-strength insulating material, such as epoxy resin or zirconia ceramic. The workpiece carrier block 3 is made of brass alloy H62 and is larger than the width of the forming coil, as shown in Fig. Figure 5 shows that the workpiece carrier block 3 and the first workpiece 4 maintain good contact under the influence of a shaft and the coil frame 1. The mold 6 is arranged within a loop formed by the second workpiece 4 and the workpiece carrier block 3. The second workpiece 4 is positioned close to the first workpiece 4 in a central area and faces the mold 6.

[0060] The first delay block 8-1 and the second delay block 8-2 are arranged at opposite ends of the form 6. The forming coil 2 and the coil frame 1 form an electromagnetic driver. The pulse supply is used to power the electromagnetic driver. The electromagnetic driver supplies the forming coil with a time-varying current via the pulse supply. Under the influence of a changing magnetic field generated by the coil, the workpiece and the workpiece carrier block induce a current. The induced current forms a closed current loop through the workpiece carrier block and the workpiece. The induced current causes a temperature increase in the workpiece, and under the combined effect of the induced current and the magnetic field, the workpiece is also subjected to a strong electromagnetic force.

[0061] The forming coil 2 in the electromagnetic driver can be a multilayer coil with many windings, a single-layer coil with many windings, a multilayer coil with one winding, or a single-layer spiral coil with one winding. The shape of the forming coil is preferably rectangular or rounded rectangular so that the workpiece receives a uniform electromagnetic force. The forming coil can be manufactured by winding a conductor wire, by cutting a conductor as a whole, by a Bitter coil, or by any combination thereof.

[0062] The forming coil 2 can be a multi-turn spiral coil wound from a single wire, which is convenient to manufacture and reliable; or it can be multiple multi-turn spiral coils wound from multiple wires wound in parallel. The two ends of the multiple wires receive tightly crimped terminals to maintain electrical contact. Such a parallel winding can significantly reduce the coil's impedance and increase the discharge current frequency, thus imparting a higher electromagnetic force to the workpiece.

[0063] Since the outer surface of the forming coil 2 is not limited, the inner surface of the coil frame 1 can be designed based on the coil's temperature rise. If the coil's temperature rise becomes too high and the insulation is damaged, a water cooling device can be selectively provided to reduce the coil's temperature rise and thus extend its service life.

[0064] The workpiece carrier block 3 can consist of a conductor, preferably a good conductor such as copper or aluminum. Simultaneously, the workpiece carrier block 4 should maintain good electrical contact with the first workpiece to provide a loop for the induced current, thereby significantly increasing the induced current flowing through the first workpiece.

[0065] The first workpiece 4 can be a metallic material or a metal-coated material, i.e., a material that can induce eddy currents in an alternating magnetic field.

[0066] The form 6 can be designed according to the topography required for the first workpiece, which may have an arbitrarily curved surface shape, such as a wavy, concave or protruding shape, to maintain the shape of the workpiece; or it may also be an arbitrarily shaped concave or convex groove to implement plate punching.

[0067] The first retarding block 8-1 and the second retarding block 8-2 should be made of materials with a specific strength and a height less than the height of the mold, preferably of materials such as epoxy blocks, which exhibit high strength and are easy to process. The retarding block is positioned on both sides of the tool and should be smaller than the tool's height. In this way, an area of ​​the workpiece near both ends of the mold is moved further downwards, thus flattening the workpiece to improve its flatness and reduce rebound. The height difference between the retarding block and the mold should be within a reasonable range to prevent the workpiece from cracking due to a defect.

[0068] The side-pressing device exerts external pressure on the workpiece carrier block, pressing it towards the inner wall of the coil frame. This creates an electrical contact between the workpiece carrier block and the workpiece, providing the lateral pressing force. The pressure on the workpiece carrier block can be applied by a shaft connected and secured to the workpiece carrier block, which is then firmly attached to an outer wall of the coil frame by a nut. Alternatively, a short-stroke cylinder can act directly on the workpiece carrier block to exert pressure. Both methods solve the problem of laterally pressing the workpiece in a confined space where the workpiece and workpiece carrier block are located inside the coil, resting against the inner wall of the coil frame.

[0069] Based on the forming device, an embodiment of the invention provides a manufacturing process for a titanium bipolar plate for a fuel cell, which can be carried out according to the following steps.

[0070] Step 1 of assembling a device: Referring to Fig. In the figure 4, a first delay block 8-1, a second delay block 8-2, and a form 6 are all arranged within a workpiece carrier block 3; the first delay block 8-1 and the second delay block 8-2 are arranged on opposite sides of the form 6; and the first workpiece and the second workpiece are brought together and arranged on top of the workpiece carrier block 3. The brought-together workpiece and the workpiece carrier block 3 are arranged inside the coil frame. The workpiece carrier block 3 and the first workpiece 4 maintain good electrical contact under the influence of a shaft 9 and a coil frame 1, as shown in the figure 4. Fig. 5 shown, which is a longitudinal section view, which is the cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 corresponds. The form 6 is arranged within a loop consisting of the first workpiece 4 and the workpiece carrier block 3. The final assembly diagram is in Fig. Figure 4 shows the first workpiece, made of AA1050 aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The second workpiece is a titanium plate with a thickness of 0.1 mm. The workpiece carrier block 3 is made of H62 brass with a width greater than the width of the workpiece. The mold 6 is a zirconia ceramic or stainless steel mold adapted to the required topography of the bipolar plate. The entire device is located in a reduced-pressure environment.

[0071] Step 2 of connecting a circuit: After the circuit is assembled, a capacitor is connected as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, R0 and L0 are the coil resistance and line inductance, respectively, and S is a switch. Switch S is closed to discharge the forming coil. The capacitance of capacitor C is 50 µF to 160 µF, and the discharge voltage of the capacitor is adjustable from 0 V to 25 kV. During the discharge process, the closed induced current loop formed by the workpiece carrier block 3 and the first workpiece induces a circulating current under the influence of the magnetic field of the forming coil 2. Under the combined effect of the magnetic field and the induced current, the first workpiece is subjected to an electromagnetic force, resulting in plastic deformation. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic force between the first workpiece and the workpiece carrier block causes them to press against each other, generating an electromagnetic lateral pressing force on the first workpiece.

[0072] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 6(a), in the conventional forming process, under conditions of equal length of the first and second workpieces, the different sections of the first workpiece are not subjected to a uniform velocity, resulting in a greater depth variation of the flow channel of the titanium plate after forming. Simultaneously, after the first workpiece collides with the die and decelerates, the velocity of a central area is reversed, leading to strong rebound and wrinkling of both the second and first workpieces.

[0073] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 6(b), according to the invention, the central region of the first workpiece and the second workpiece initially collide with the mold, and the second workpiece assumes the uniform speed of the first workpiece. The shape of the second workpiece and the first workpiece is determined by the (casting) mold. A region near both ends of the first workpiece continues to move downwards because the height of the delay block is less than the height of the mold, so that the central region of the first and second workpieces is completely flat and fits within the mold, thereby reducing wrinkling and rebound of the first and second workpieces.

[0074] Step 3: As in Fig. As shown in Figure 4(c), the mold, the second workpiece, and the attached first workpiece move as a unit and are secured to the inner wall of the coil frame. The pulse supply is controlled to discharge the forming coil. The second and first workpieces generate an electromagnetic force to further tend toward the mold, thus completing the forming process. The discharge during the process can be repeated until the mold is fully fitted, resulting in a metal bipolar plate that meets the requirements. More preferably, a layer of soft insulating material, such as polyurethane, can be arranged between the first workpiece and the coil frame, allowing the second and first workpieces to be tightly fitted to the mold during the forming process.

[0075] The revelation exerts pressure on the workpiece support block to cause the first workpiece to tend towards the inner wall of the coil frame, cleverly solving the problem of lateral workpiece pressure in the confined space within the coil frame. Simultaneously, the integral movement of the mold and the attached workpiece secures the mold to the inner wall of the coil frame under external pressure, thus preventing any positional displacement of the flow channel caused by secondary tools. At the same time, the workpiece support block maintains electrical contact with the first workpiece, ensuring a uniform electromagnetic force is applied.Furthermore, by carefully controlling the distance between the mold and the first workpiece, the area of ​​uniform velocity distribution in the central region of the first workpiece completely covers the mold area and collides with the (casting) mold first to define its shape. This helps to reduce flow path deviation in the bipolar plate. As the workpiece moves further downwards near the ends of the mold until the velocity is zero, the portion of the workpiece in contact with the mold is flattened and conforms completely to the shape. This reduces wrinkling and rebound of the workpiece and improves its flatness.

[0076] According to a third embodiment of the invention, a heating manufacturing process for a mesoscopic scale plateau made of stainless steel is provided. The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the build-up process is the same as in the first embodiment, but the discharge process is different. The first workpiece is replaced by a 0.05 mm stainless steel plate, and the second workpiece is not provided. By appropriately controlling the discharge voltage of the capacitor and the impedance of the circuit or the mold coil, the temperature of the workpiece at the moment of collision is heated to a temperature range of 200° to 900°, and the workpiece can impact the mold at a speed of more than 50 m / s. The workpiece then immediately collides with the mold and subsequently cools down.In this respect, the plasticity of the stainless steel plate is greatly improved due to the temperature increase, which greatly improves the depth of the flow channel of the workpiece and the uniformity of the workpiece.

[0077] According to a fourth embodiment of the invention, an integrated manufacturing process for embossing and stamping a large metal plate is provided. The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the workpiece is formed by a large plate with dimensions of 300 * 300 *0.1 mm is replaced. The delay block and the mold together form a stainless steel (casting) mold. The two ends of the mold are smaller than the height of the forming area. The forming area of ​​the mold is embossed, and a stamped part has corresponding holes. Stamping and embossing can be performed simultaneously in one run. The assembly process is still the same as in the first embodiment, but the forming coil is manufactured differently than in the specific second embodiment. As in Fig.As shown in Figure 5, the forming coil consists of four spiral coils connected in parallel. The strength of the forming coil is improved by partitions between the four spiral coils. In this way, the impedance of the forming coil is significantly reduced, thus avoiding the substantial increase in impedance that would result from the larger coil size required for forming a large-format sheet. This, in turn, increases the current peak value and frequency of the coil, thereby increasing the electromagnetic force on the workpiece.

[0078] According to a fifth embodiment of the invention, a manufacturing method for a mesoscopic scale plateau made of stainless steel is provided. The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the first workpiece is arranged outside the coil frame. The corresponding second workpiece, the die, the side pressure device, the workpiece support block, and the delay block are also located outside the forming coil. The side pressure device acts directly on the first workpiece to maintain electrical contact with the workpiece support block and to form an induced current loop. The forming process is the same as in the second embodiment.

[0079] It is readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing are only the preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the disclosure. Any modification, any equivalent replacement, any improvement, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the disclosure is also covered by the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

[1] Electromagnetic manufacturing process for a mesoscopic scale plateau, characterized by , that it comprises a forming step and a shaping step, wherein the forming step includes at least: Step (1): a first workpiece (4) to be formed is arranged opposite a (casting) mold (6) with a distance between the first workpiece (4) and the mold (6), two ends of the first workpiece (4) are restricted by lateral pressing, and a delay block (8-1; 8-2) is arranged on two sides of the mold (6), wherein a height of the delay block (8-1; 8-2) is less than a height of the (casting) mold (6); Step (2): the first workpiece (4) is controlled so that, under the driving force of a uniform electromagnetic force, it tends and accelerates towards the shape (6) in order to be deformed; and Step (3): A central region of the first workpiece (4) initially collides with the mold (6) under the driving force of the uniform electromagnetic force, whereby a region of the two ends of the first workpiece (4) is moved further towards the mold (6), the velocity of the central region of the first workpiece (4) is decelerated to zero, and the forming process is completed when the region of the two ends collides with the deceleration block (8-1; 8-2) and decelerates, and the velocity of all regions of the first workpiece (4) is zero; and the shaping step includes in particular: Step (4): the first workpiece (4) is guided to tend further towards the form (6) under a drive of an electromagnetic force, and proceed to step (5); and Step (5): it is determined whether the first workpiece (4) completely fills the form (6), if so the forming is complete, and if not, the process is returned to step (4). [2] Electromagnetic manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized by , that by adjusting the distance between the mold (6) and the first workpiece (4) an area with uniform velocity distribution in the central area of ​​the first workpiece (4) completely covers a forming area of ​​the (casting) mold at the moment of collision with the mold (6), and that a size of the distance is negative relative to a size of the area with uniform velocity distribution in the central area of ​​the first workpiece (4). [3] Electromagnetic manufacturing process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, that the electromagnetic force on the first workpiece (4) is generated by a combined action of a magnetic field and a current in the workpiece (4), wherein the current in the workpiece (4) enables the first workpiece (4) to collide with the shape (6) at a certain temperature when Joule heat is generated, and according to the size of a temperature interval, a forming at room temperature, a forming at elevated temperature and a superplastic forming of the first workpiece (4) can be carried out. [4] Electromagnetic manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that it includes: Arranging a second workpiece to be formed (5) in the central area of ​​the first workpiece (4) and adapting the second workpiece (5) to the first workpiece (4); and Controlling the first workpiece (4) so ​​that it tends towards the mold (6) under the driving force of the uniform electromagnetic force and drives the second workpiece (5) so that it collides with the mold (6), and a topography of the second workpiece (5) is limited by the (casting) mold (6), wherein the length of the second workpiece (5) is less than the length of the first workpiece (4), and the second workpiece (5) assumes a uniform mean speed range of the first workpiece (4). [5] Electromagnetic manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the second workpiece (5) flows better to the bottom of the (casting) mold by arranging a layer of soft insulating material between the first workpiece (4) and the second workpiece (5). [6] Electromagnetic forming device for a mesoscopic scale plateau, characterized by, comprising a coil frame (1), a forming coil (2), a side pressing device (9), a workpiece carrier block (3), a (casting) mold (6), a pulse supply (7), a first delay block (8-1) and a second delay block (8-2), wherein the forming coil (2) is wound on the coil frame (1) and is used to generate a uniform electromagnetic force after being energized; the pulse supply (7) is connected to the conversion coil (2) and serves to provide a power supply for the conversion coil (2); the side pressing device (9) serves to provide a side pressing force for a first workpiece (4) to be formed; the workpiece support block (3) is held in contact with the first workpiece (4) to be formed under an external pressure provided by the side press device (9) and is arranged within the coil frame (1); and the first delay block (8-1) and the second delay block (8-2) are each arranged at two ends of the mold (6), wherein the heights of the first delay block (8-1) and the second delay block (8-2) are less than one height of the (casting) mold (6) and the first delay block (8-1) and the second delay block (8-2) are used to provide a buffer for an area near two ends of the first workpiece (4) to decelerate after the collision of the first workpiece (4) with the mold (6). [7] Electromagnetic forming device according to claim 6, characterized by, that during processing the first workpiece (4) to be formed is arranged opposite the form (6), wherein the two ends of the first workpiece (4) are held back by the side pressure device (9) and the first workpiece (4) is controlled to tend towards the form (6) and be deformed under the driving force of the uniform electromagnetic force; wherein, under the driving force of the uniform electromagnetic force, a central region of the first workpiece (4) first collides with the form (6), the region near the two ends of the first workpiece (4) continues to move towards the form (6) and the velocity of the central region of the first workpiece (4) is brought to a deceleration to zero, wherein, after the region near the two ends is decelerated by a retardation block (8-1;8-2) collides and the speed of all areas of the first workpiece (4) has slowed to zero, the forming is completed, wherein a section of the first workpiece (4) elongated by plastic deformation is retained above the first deceleration block (8-1) and the second deceleration block (8-2) to ensure that a section of the first workpiece (4) in contact with the mold (6) is flattened and fits completely into the mold (6), thereby reducing wrinkling and rebound of the workpiece (4) and improving the flatness of the workpiece (4). [8] Electromagnetic forming device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by, that when a metal with low conductivity, such as a titanium alloy, is formed with the forming device, a second workpiece (5) is adapted to the central region of the first workpiece (4), wherein a length of the second workpiece (5) is less than a length of the first workpiece (4), and wherein the second workpiece (5) assumes a central region with uniform speed of the first workpiece (4). [9] Electromagnetic forming device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by , that the side pressing device (9) exerts pressure on the workpiece carrier block (3) by acting on a section of the workpiece carrier block (3) that is larger than a width of the forming coil (2). [10] Electromagnetic forming device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized by, that the forming coil (2) is a spiral coil with several turns wound by a single wire or several spiral coils with several turns wound in parallel by a plurality of wires, and that two ends of the plurality of wires have tightly crimped connectors to maintain electrical contact and realize the parallel connection. [11] Electromagnetic forming device according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized by , that the width of the workpiece carrier block (3) is greater than the width of the forming coil (2), and the workpiece carrier block (3) is a conductor or an insulating material. [12] Electromagnetic forming device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized by , that the workpiece carrier block (3) is subjected to pressure in order to drive the first workpiece (4) towards an inner wall of the coil frame (1). [13] Electromagnetic forming device according to any one of claims 6 to 12, characterized by , that a form of the (casting) mold (6) is designed according to a topography required by the first workpiece (4), which in particular has an arbitrarily curved surface shape, such as a wave-shaped, concave or convex shape, to delimit a shape of a workpiece (4); or is an arbitrarily shaped concave or convex groove to realize plate punching. [14] Electromagnetic forming device according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized by , that the form (6) is formed integrally with the first delay block (8-1) and the second delay block (8-2) which are arranged at the two ends of the form (6).

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