Battery management system

Abstract

Battery management system, comprising: Several battery connection modules, where: each of the battery connection modules has a positive input end and a negative input end, and two adjacent battery connection modules are connected via the positive input end and the negative input end to form at least part of a charge / discharge series circuit, wherein the battery connection module comprises a short-circuit unit (230), a battery connection unit (210) configured to connect a battery (800), and a connection / disconnection switching unit (220), wherein the short-circuit unit (230) is connected in parallel to the battery connection unit (210); both the short-circuit unit (230) and the battery connection unit (210) are electrically connected to the positive input end and the negative end via the connection / disconnection switching unit (220); a charging / discharging module (300) electrically connected to the charging / discharging series circuit; a battery monitoring module (400) connected to the battery connection unit (210) to monitor a battery condition; and a main control module (500) connected to the battery monitoring module (400) and the connection / disconnection switching unit (220), respectively, and configured to control the switching of the connection / disconnection switching unit (220) according to the battery state.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular a battery management system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In China, recycled lithium batteries can be used for off-peak power storage through cascade use, thus extending the service life of these batteries. For example, recycled lithium batteries can be used in various mobile base stations. Generally, when remanufactured batteries are cascaded, multiple batteries form a battery pack, and multiple battery packs are connected in parallel according to capacity requirements to form a storage power supply. In practice, the state of charge (SOC) of a battery in a battery pack may decrease significantly, resulting in a voltage drop of the entire battery pack. The battery pack with a low voltage is directly isolated in a conventional battery management system. In such a case, the available power of the power storage would be lower than that designed for before the battery pack was repaired, affecting normal power utilization.

[0003] CN 1 02 025 179A describes a management control system for a storage battery, which is installed between the positive and negative electrodes of the storage battery and the two ends of an external load, detects the electrical magnitude and voltage of the storage battery via a detection module, and then the battery management control module manages the charging and power supply of the storage battery according to the detection signal, issues an alarm for the failed storage battery and automatically or remotely controls the output of the storage battery and the switch of the total current loop, so that the actual capacity of the storage battery can be accurately determined, thereby determining the performance of the storage battery and enabling a circuit to operate reliably and stably.

[0004] CN 2 13 906 363 U discloses a charging and discharging circuit for a battery series comprising a rectifier-inverter power supply and n battery cells. Each battery unit comprises a single battery, a single-pole, double-throw relay, and a freewheeling unit. The normally closed end of the single-pole, double-throw relay is connected to the battery anode, and the normally open end is connected to the battery cathode. The freewheeling unit is bypassed in parallel with the common end and constant start of the SPDT relay. N battery cells are connected in series across the common terminal of the single-pole, double-throw relay and connected to the rectifier-inverter power supply to form a series charging and discharging circuit.

[0005] JP 2009 - 212 020 A discloses an energy storage device. In an energy storage device in which a plurality of charge / discharge units are connected in parallel, deterioration of the characteristics and service life of the secondary batteries of the unit can be prevented even if a voltage difference occurs between the charge / discharge units. The cells of the unit are connected in series with the first battery series, the first resistance element is connected in series with the first battery series, and the first resistance element is connected in parallel. The first charge / discharge unit has a first resistance short-circuit switch, and the second charge / discharge unit has a configuration similar to the first charge / discharge unit and is connected in parallel with the first charge / discharge unit and the first and second charge / discharge units.A voltage detector is used to detect the voltages at both ends of the first and second battery series and the voltage difference between the voltages at both ends of the first and second battery series. The voltage difference calculation unit performs the calculation. If the voltage difference is equal to or greater than a certain value, the first resistance short-circuit switch and the second resistance short-circuit switch are closed. Otherwise, the first resistance short-circuit switch and the second resistance short-circuit switch are turned on and controlled by the switch control unit.

[0006] US 2008 0 100 268 A1 discloses a battery management system. The battery management system includes a sensor unit and a main control unit (MCU). The sensor unit detects the voltage of a battery cell. The MCU determines the operating state of a vehicle and generates a sensing signal depending on the vehicle's operating state. The sensing control signal is transmitted to the sensor unit and controls the detection of the battery cell voltage. The vehicle's operating state includes a driving state and a stopped state. SUMMARY

[0007] The present invention aims to solve at least one technical problem of the conventional technology. In view of the above, a battery management system according to embodiments of the present invention is provided to improve the stability of the power supply in battery cascade use.

[0008] In a first aspect, a battery management system according to embodiments of the present invention is provided. The battery management system includes a plurality of battery connection modules, a charge / discharge module, a battery monitoring module, and a main control module. Each battery connection module has a positive input end and a negative input end, and two adjacent battery connection modules are connected via the positive input ends and the negative input ends to form at least part of a charge / discharge series circuit. Each battery connection module includes a short-circuit unit, a battery connection unit configured to connect a battery, and a connection / disconnection switching unit, wherein the short-circuit unit is connected in parallel with the battery connection unit.Both the short-circuit unit and the battery connection unit are electrically connected to the positive input end and the negative end via the connection / disconnection switching unit. The charge / discharge module is electrically connected to the charge / discharge series circuit. The battery monitoring module is connected to the battery connection unit to monitor a battery condition. The main control module is connected to both the battery monitoring module and the connection / disconnection switching unit and is configured to control the switching of the connection / disconnection switching unit according to the battery condition.

[0009] The battery management system according to the embodiments of the present invention has at least the following advantages.

[0010] The battery management system includes a plurality of battery connection modules, a charge / discharge module, a battery monitoring module, and a main control module. Each battery connection module has a positive input end and a negative input end, and the two adjacent battery connection modules are connected via the positive input ends and the negative input ends to form at least part of a charge / discharge series circuit. Each battery connection module includes a short-circuit unit, a battery connection unit configured to connect a battery, and a connection / disconnection switching unit, the short-circuit unit being connected in parallel with the battery connection unit. Both the short-circuit unit and the battery connection unit are electrically connected to the positive input end and the negative input end via the connection / disconnection switching unit.The main control module is able to select a single battery connection unit or a corresponding short-circuit unit to be connected to the charge / discharge series circuit via the connection / disconnection switching unit. The batteries connected to the charge / discharge series circuit are connected in series and connected to the charge / discharge module for normal charging and discharging. Accordingly, the main control module is able to monitor the status of the batteries corresponding to the battery connection units via the battery monitoring module, disconnect an abnormal battery from the charge / discharge series circuit, and couple a normal, idle battery into the charge / discharge series circuit.Instead of isolating the entire charge / discharge series circuit and waiting for a faulty battery to be repaired or replaced, the above solution allows flexible control of the connection and disconnection of a single battery through the battery connection unit. This allows the charge / discharge series circuit to be maintained in a normal charge / discharge state, ensuring adequate battery capacity reserve. The power supply is more stable and reliable with cascaded battery use, and battery maintenance is less frequent and more cost-effective.

[0011] In some embodiments, the battery monitoring module includes a level monitoring unit and a charge / discharge test unit. The level monitoring unit is connected to the battery connection unit to monitor a level of the battery. The charge / discharge test unit is electrically connected to the battery connection unit to perform a charge / discharge test on the battery connection unit. The main control module is connected to each of the level monitoring unit and the charge / discharge test unit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes a first connection / disconnection control module and a second connection / disconnection control module. The battery connection unit has a first positive end and a first negative end, and the charge / discharge test unit has a first input end and a second input end. The main control module is connected to the first connection / disconnection control module to control the connection / disconnection of the first connection module and is connected to the second connection / disconnection control module to control the connection / disconnection of the second connection / disconnection control module. The first input end is electrically connected to the first positive end through the first connection / disconnection control module, and the second input end is electrically connected to the first negative end through the second connection / disconnection control module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the battery terminal unit has a first positive end and a first negative end. The connect / disconnect switch unit has a first switch unit and a second switch unit. The short circuit unit has a third input end and a fourth input end. The first switch unit has a first terminal end and a second terminal end, the first terminal end being electrically connected to the positive input end, and the main control module is connected to the first switch unit to control a switching connection between the second terminal end and either the first positive end or the third input end.The second switching unit has a third terminal end and a fourth terminal end, the third terminal end being electrically connected to the negative input end, and the main control module being connected to the second switching unit to control a further switching connection between the fourth terminal end and either the first negative end or the fourth input end.

[0014] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes a communication module. The main control module is connected to the communication module to inform an external management platform about the battery status.

[0015] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes a battery compartment. The battery compartment is provided with a plurality of battery slots for arranging the batteries, and the battery connection units correspond one-to-one to the battery slots. Each battery slot is provided with a drive mechanism configured to move the battery toward the corresponding battery connection unit for connection or move the battery away from the corresponding battery connection unit for disconnection.

[0016] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism includes a sliding support and a battery holder for receiving the battery. The sliding support is provided at the corresponding battery location, and the battery holder is in sliding connection with the sliding support.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sliding carrier is equipped with a first drive module and a gear train. The first drive module is drivingly connected to the gear train. The battery holder is provided with gears that mesh with the gear train. The main control module is connected to the first drive module to control the operation of the first drive module. The first drive module is configured to drive the rotation of the gear train, and the rotation of the gear train drives the gear train to translate the battery holder along the sliding carrier.

[0018] In some embodiments, each battery slot is provided with a terminal base. The battery terminal unit has a first terminal post and a second terminal post arranged on the terminal base. The battery holder is provided with a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The positive terminal is configured to connect to a positive electrode of the battery, and the negative terminal is configured to connect to a negative electrode of the battery. The positive terminal is provided with a first elongated hole configured to engage with the first terminal post, and the negative terminal is provided with a second elongated hole configured to engage with the second terminal post.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first terminal post and the second terminal post are each a bolt, and the first slot and the second slot are each a threaded hole. The terminal base is further provided with a second drive module drivingly connected to both the first terminal post and the second terminal post. The main control module is connected to the second drive module to control operation of the second drive module. The second drive module is configured to drive rotation of the first terminal post to threadably connect or disconnect the first terminal post from the first slot and to drive rotation of the second terminal post to threadably connect or disconnect the second terminal post from the second slot.

[0020] Further aspects and advantages of the present invention are described below. Some additional aspects and advantages will be apparent from the following description or may be realized in practice based on embodiments of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent and understood from the embodiments described below in conjunction with the drawings. Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a circuit of a battery connector module, a first connection / disconnection control module, and a second connection / disconnection control module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between a charge / discharge series circuit, a main control module, and a charge / discharge module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery compartment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is an enlarged partial view of the location “a” in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal base according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery holder according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal base according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery holder according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a bottom view of a terminal base as in Fig. 8 shown. Reference symbols:

[0022] Battery compartment 100, sliding support 110, first drive module 111, gear 112, battery holder 120, positive terminal 121, negative terminal 122, first slot 123, second slot 124, electrode spring plate 125, pressure piece 126, front plate 127, rear plate 128, side plate 129, connection base 130, second drive module 131, wire 132, second motor 133, worm gear housing 134, insulating layer 135, electrical connection end piece 136, battery connection unit 210, first connection pole 211, second connection pole 212, connection / disconnection switching unit 220, first switching unit 221, second switching unit 222, short-circuit unit 230, charge / discharge module 300, power supply unit 310, load unit 320, battery monitoring module 400, level monitoring unit 410, charge / discharge test unit 420, main control module 500, first connection / disconnection test module 610, second connection / disconnection test module 620, communication module 700, battery 800, positive battery electrode 810,negative battery electrode 820., DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the figures, in which the same or similar reference numerals are used to identify the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the figures are exemplary and serve only to illustrate the present invention and are not to be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] When terms such as "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," or "outside" describe the orientation or positional relationship in embodiments, they refer to the orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the figures and are used solely to improve understanding and simplify the description of the present invention. Such terms do not imply that the devices or elements mentioned must have a particular orientation or must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore do not represent a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] In the following description, the term "multiple" means "one or more," and the term "multiple" means "two or more." The range defined by "greater than," "less than," "greater than," or the like shall be understood to exclude the following value, and the range defined by "over," "under," "within," or the like shall be understood to include the following value. The terms "first" and "second" serve only to distinguish technical features and are not to be understood to indicate or imply a relative importance, a set of the technical features concerned, or an order of the technical features concerned.

[0026] In the following description, the terms "attachment," "connection," and "termination" are to be understood in a broad sense unless clearly specified or limited otherwise. For example, this term may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; to a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium; and to an internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art may understand the specific meaning of the above terms depending on the specific context of the present invention.

[0027] It will be Fig. 1 to Fig. 10. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a battery management system includes a plurality of battery connection modules, a charge / discharge module 300, a battery monitoring module 400, and a main control module 500. Each battery connection module has a positive input end and a negative input end, and the two adjacent battery connection modules are connected via the positive input ends and the negative input ends to form at least part of a charge / discharge series circuit. The charge / discharge series circuit is electrically connected to the charge / discharge module 300. Each battery connection module includes a short-circuit unit 230, a battery connection unit 210 configured to connect a battery 800, and a connection / disconnection switching unit 220, wherein the short-circuit unit 230 is connected in parallel with the battery connection unit.Both the short-circuit unit 230 and the battery connection unit 210 are electrically connected to the positive input end and the negative input end via the connection / disconnection switching unit 220. The battery monitoring module 400 is connected to the battery connection unit 210 to monitor a battery condition. The main control module 500 is connected to both the battery monitoring module 400 and the connection / disconnection switching unit 220 and is thereby capable of controlling the operation of the connection / disconnection switching unit 220 according to the battery condition.

[0028] The main control module 500 can be implemented with a microcontroller unit (MCU) or a central processing unit (CPU) and their peripheral circuits. Alternatively, the main control module 500 can also be implemented with a conventional battery management system (BMS) chip. The specific implementation of the main control module 500 is not limited here.

[0029] The main control module 500 thus controls each battery connection module via the connection / disconnection switching unit 220 to couple either the battery connection unit 210 or the short-circuit unit 230 into the charge / discharge series circuit. As a result, the batteries 800 connected in the charge / discharge series circuit are connected in series and connected to the charge / discharge module 300 for normal charging and discharging. As an example, Fig. 3. A plurality of batteries 800, electrically connected by the battery terminal modules, are connected in series to form the charge / discharge series circuit. A positive input end IN1 of the charge / discharge series circuit is electrically connected to one end of the charge / discharge module 300. A negative input end IN2 of the charge / discharge series circuit and another end of the charge / discharge module 300 are both connected to the main control module 500. In one embodiment, the charge / discharge module 300 may include a power supply unit 310 and a load unit 320 connected in parallel. The power supply unit 310 is configured to charge the charge / discharge series circuit, and the load unit 320 is configured to discharge the charge / discharge series circuit. The load unit 320 may include, but is not limited to, a resistor, an electrical device, or the like.The main control module 500 may control the charging / discharging series circuit to connect to the power supply unit 310 and then to the load unit 320 to complete a charging / discharging operation.

[0030] Therefore, the main control module 500 is able to monitor the battery status of the batteries corresponding to the battery connection units 210 via the battery monitoring module 400, isolate an abnormal battery 800 from the charge / discharge series circuit, and connect a normal battery 800 to the charge / discharge series circuit when idle. Instead of isolating the entire charge / discharge series circuit and waiting for the repair or replacement of a faulty battery, the above solution allows flexible control of the connection and disconnection of a single battery by the battery connection unit 210. This allows the charge / discharge series circuit to be maintained in a normal charge or discharge state even when maintenance personnel cannot replace the faulty battery in a timely manner.The power supply is more stable and reliable when batteries are used in cascade, an adequate reserve of battery capacity is ensured by a reliable and economical circuit structure, and battery maintenance is less frequent and less costly.

[0031] The number of battery connection modules can be adjusted as needed to exceed the number of batteries required to achieve a specified voltage. This ensures that even if a certain number of batteries fail, spare batteries are available to maintain normal operation of the charge / discharge series circuit.

[0032] In some embodiments, the battery monitoring module 400 may include, but is not limited to, a level monitoring unit 410 and a charge / discharge testing unit 420. Both the level monitoring unit 410 and the charge / discharge testing unit 420 are connected to the battery connection unit 210. The level monitoring unit 410 may include, but is not limited to, a state of charge (SOC) monitoring unit and a state of health (SOH) monitoring unit. The SOC monitoring unit and the SOH monitoring unit are configured to monitor a charge capacity, an operating state, or other measure of the battery electrically connected to the battery connection unit 210. The charge / discharge test unit 420 is configured to perform a charge / discharge test on a battery connected to a single battery terminal unit 210.In one embodiment, the charge / discharge test unit 420 includes a charging branch, a discharging branch, and a switching unit connected in parallel. The charging branch includes a voltage supply. The discharging branch includes a load, such as a resistor or an electrical device. The switching unit may be a changeover switch or a relay. The main control module 500 is connected to the switching unit to control the operation of the switching unit. The switching unit is capable of electrically connecting the battery connection unit 210 to the charging branch to charge the battery electrically connected to the battery connection unit 210. The switching unit is further capable of electrically connecting the battery connection unit 210 to the discharging branch to discharge the battery electrically connected to the battery connection unit 210.

[0033] In such a configuration, the main control module 500 is connected to both the level monitoring unit 410 and the charge / discharge test unit 420. If the level monitoring unit 410 determines that the level of the battery electrically connected to the battery connection unit 210 is abnormal (e.g., a sharp drop in charge capacity), the main control module 500 can perform a charge / discharge test on the abnormal battery via the charge / discharge test unit 420. Based on a monitoring result of the level monitoring unit 410 during the charge / discharge test, it is determined whether the battery electrically connected to the battery connection unit 210 is subject to an unforeseen temporary failure.The battery recovered after the unforeseen temporary failure can be reconnected to the series charge / discharge circuit, while a damaged battery can be registered for later maintenance. Therefore, the battery subject to the unforeseen temporary failure is not immediately isolated or replaced, but rather identified and reused, preventing waste of resources and extending the battery's service life. Furthermore, better cascade utilization of batteries is achieved.

[0034] In some embodiments, the battery terminal unit 210 has a first positive and a first negative terminal end. Fig. 2. In one embodiment, the battery management system further includes a first connection / disconnection control module 610 and a second connection / disconnection control module 620. The first connection / disconnection control module 610 and the second connection / disconnection control module 620 may each be implemented with a relay or a switching component, such as a single-pole switch or a toggle switch, but are not limited thereto. The charge / discharge test unit 420 has a first input end and a second input end, such as the one shown in Fig. 2. In this case, both the charging branch and the discharging branch are connected to the first input end and the second input end via the switching unit. The main control module 500 is connected to the first connection / disconnection control module 610 and the second connection / disconnection control module 620 to control the switching of the first connection / disconnection control module 610 and the second connection / disconnection control module 620. Fig. 2 as an example. When the terminal end of the first connection / disconnection control module 610 is connected to the upper contact, the first connection / disconnection control module 610 is in a disconnecting state. If the terminal end of the first connection / disconnection control module 610 is connected to the lower contact, the first connection / disconnection control module 610 is in a connecting state. The above states apply accordingly to the second connection / disconnection control module 620. In this way, the first input end is connected to the first positive end via the first connection / disconnection control module 610, and the second input end is connected to the first negative end via the second connection / disconnection control module 620.When both the first connection / disconnection control module 610 and the second connection / disconnection control unit 620 are in the connection state, the charge / discharge test unit 420 is connected to the battery connection unit 210. This allows the charge / discharge test to be controlled at the individual battery connection unit 210 when this battery connection unit 210 is disconnected from the charge / discharge series circuit.

[0035] In some embodiments, the connection / disconnection switching unit 220 includes a first switching unit 221 and a second switching unit 222, as shown in Fig. 2. The short-circuit unit 230 has a third input end and a fourth input end. The first switching unit 221 has a first terminal end and a second terminal end, the first terminal end being electrically connected to the positive input end. The main control module 500 is connected to the first switching unit 221 to control switching between the second terminal end and either the first positive end or the third input end. The second switching unit 222 has a third terminal end and a fourth terminal end, the third terminal end being electrically connected to the negative input end. The main control module 500 is connected to the second switching unit 222 to control further switching between the fourth terminal end and either the first negative terminal end or the fourth input end.In such a configuration, the battery terminal unit 210 is connected in the charge / discharge series circuit when the second terminal end is electrically connected to the first positive end and the fourth terminal end is electrically connected to the first negative end. When the second terminal end is electrically connected to the third input end and the fourth terminal end is electrically connected to the fourth input end, the short-circuit unit 230 is connected in the charge / discharge series circuit.

[0036] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes a communication module 700. The main control module 500 is connected to the communication module 700 to report the battery status to an external management platform via the communication module 700. The communication module 700 may include, but is not limited to, a Bluetooth communication module, a Wi-Fi communication module, a 2.4 GHz wireless communication module 700, or the like. The external management platform may be a cloud service platform or an end device management platform such as a server, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device, a tablet, a laptop, or a desktop computer.In some embodiments, the main control module 500 may generate an error code based on monitoring data from the battery monitoring module 400 and battery information such as a serial number and a faulty battery signal, and then send the error code to the external management platform via the communication module 700. This allows the external management platform to report and analyze an error based on the error code, and relevant personnel can quickly detect the error and prepare for handling the error.

[0037] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes a battery compartment 100. The battery compartment 100 is provided with a plurality of battery slots for arranging the batteries 800, and the battery connection units 210 are located in one-to-one correspondence with the battery slots. In this way, a safe battery environment is created to protect the batteries 800. Each battery slot is equipped with a drive mechanism configured to move the battery 800 toward the corresponding battery connection unit 210 for connection or to move the battery 800 away from the corresponding battery connection unit 210 for disconnection. In this way, charging and discharging the battery 800 is convenient and flexible.

[0038] As an example, Fig. 4. Sixteen battery slots are provided in the battery compartment 100, into which sixteen batteries can be inserted. The number of battery slots is not limited to this example. In practice, the battery management system may have one or more battery compartments 100. The batteries arranged in a battery compartment 100 belong to a battery group, and each battery group is configured to be included in a similar charge / discharge series circuit. The main control module 500 is capable of controlling various charge / discharge modules that are independently connected to the charge / discharge module 300. This allows a charge / discharge process to be implemented for each battery group, and different battery groups can be switched for use.

[0039] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism may include a conveyor belt, a drive motor, and at least two conveyor rollers. One of the conveyor rollers may be coaxially connected to the drive motor and is drivingly connected to the other conveyor roller via the conveyor belt. If the battery 800 is disposed on the conveyor belt, the main control module 500 is connected to the drive motor to control the operation of the drive motor. In this case, the drive motor may drive the conveyor belt to convey the battery 800 from an end of the conveyor belt remote from the battery connection unit 210 to an end near the battery connection unit 210 until the battery 800 is connected to the battery connection unit 210. Similarly, the drive motor may drive the conveyor belt to convey the battery 800 in the reverse direction. In one embodiment, a limiting member may be provided on the conveyor belt.The limiting member is configured to limit a position of the battery 800 on the conveyor belt so that the battery 800 is prevented from slipping.

[0040] In other embodiments, the drive mechanism may include a sliding support 110 and a battery holder 120 for receiving the battery 800, as shown in Fig. 4. The sliding support 110 is provided at the corresponding battery location, and the battery holder 120 is in sliding connection with the sliding support 110. In one embodiment, the sliding support 110 is a guide rail, and the battery holder 120 is provided with a slider. A sliding groove runs through the slider, and the guide rail extends along the sliding groove, allowing the slider to move along the guide rail as the battery holder 120 slides.

[0041] In one embodiment, the sliding carrier 110 is equipped with a first drive module 111 and a gear 112, as shown in the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The first drive module 111 can be a drive motor or a geared motor (e.g., a reduction gear and a worm gear). The first drive module 111 is drivingly connected to the gear box 112. The battery holder 120 is provided with gearing that engages the gear box 112. The main control module 500 is connected to the first drive module 111 to control the operation of the first drive module 111. The first drive module 111 is configured to drive the rotation of the gear box 112, and the rotation of the gear box 112 drives the gearing to translate the battery holder 120 along the slide support 110. In one embodiment, the first drive module 111 is a worm-driven geared motor comprising a first motor, a first worm gear, and a first worm. The first worm wheel and the first worm may have a self-locking structure.The first motor is rotatably connected to the first worm gear, and the first worm gear meshes with the first worm. Each of the two ends of the first worm may be rigidly connected to a gear 112. Therefore, the first motor drives the first worm gear to rotate, thereby driving the first worm to rotate, and thereby driving the gears 112 at the two ends of the first worm to rotate.

[0042] In some embodiments, the battery compartment is provided with a terminal base 130. The terminal base 130 may be made of an insulating material. The battery terminal unit 210 includes a first terminal post 211 and a second terminal post 212, which may be made of conductive materials and are insulated from each other. The first terminal post 211 and the second terminal post 212 are electrically connected to the positive input end and the negative input end, respectively, via the connection / disconnection switch unit 220. The first terminal post 211 and the second terminal post 212 are provided on the terminal base 130. The battery holder 120 is provided with a positive terminal 121 and a negative terminal 122. The positive terminal 121 is configured to be connected to a positive electrode 810 of the battery, and the negative terminal 122 is configured to be connected to a negative electrode 820 of the battery.The positive terminal 121 is provided with a first elongated hole 123 configured to engage with the first terminal post 211. The negative terminal 122 is provided with a second elongated hole 124 configured to engage with the second terminal post 212. Thus, an electrical connection between the battery terminal unit 210 and the battery 800 is achieved through coordination between the terminal posts and the elongated holes.

[0043] Both the positive terminal 121 and the negative terminal 122 may include an electrode block (e.g., a copper column) and an electrode spring plate 125. The electrode spring plate 125 is made of conductive material. The positive battery electrode 810 is electrically connected to the electrode block of the positive terminal 121 by pressing the corresponding electrode spring plate 125, and the negative battery electrode 820 is electrically connected to the electrode block of the negative terminal 122 by pressing the corresponding electrode spring plate 125. In one embodiment, the battery holder 120 further includes a frame and a back plate 128. A receiving cavity having an opening is provided within the frame. The back plate 128 is detachably connected to the frame to close the opening, and the battery 800 can be inserted into the receiving cavity from the opening. Fig. 7 and Fig. 9. In one embodiment, the battery holder 120 may include a front plate 127, a back plate 128, and two side plates 129 that form a receiving groove for receiving the battery 800.

[0044] In addition, first and second through holes are provided on the front plate 127 (or the frame of the battery holder 120). The positive terminal electrode block 121 is provided with the first elongated hole 123, and the negative terminal electrode block 122 is provided with the second elongated hole 124. The first through hole communicates (i.e., is connected) with the first elongated hole 123, and the second through hole communicates (i.e., is connected) with the second elongated hole 124. When the battery holder 120 moves toward or away from the battery terminal unit 210, the front plate 127 faces the battery terminal unit 210, and the terminal poles are aligned with the through holes. In addition, the battery holder 120 may also include a pressing piece 126. The pressing piece 126 may be arranged between the positive terminal 121 and the negative terminal 122.When the battery 800 is inserted into the battery holder 120 (e.g., into the receiving cavity or the receiving groove), it presses on the pressure piece 126, and the pressure piece deforms. Since the space within the battery holder 120 is limited, the pressure piece 126 presses firmly against the battery 800, thereby fixing the battery 800.

[0045] In one embodiment, the first terminal pole 211 and the second terminal pole 212 are both terminal ends that can be connected to the connection / disconnection switching unit 220 via wires 132, as shown in the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. The two terminal ends are configured to be inserted into the first elongated hole 123 and the second elongated hole 124, respectively. In one embodiment, the first terminal post 211 is provided with an arcuate first recess at one end for connecting to the first elongated hole 123, and the first elongated hole 123 is provided with a first protrusion. When the first terminal post 211 is inserted into the first elongated hole 123, the first protrusion abuts the first recess so that the first protrusion engages the first recess. Similarly, the second connection post 212 is provided with an arcuate second recess at one end for connecting to the second elongated hole 124, and the second elongated hole 124 is provided with a second protrusion.When the second connecting post 212 is inserted into the second elongated hole 124, the second projection abuts the second recess so that the second projection engages the second recess.

[0046] In other embodiments, the first terminal post 211 and the second terminal post 212 may be bolts, and the first slot 123 and the second slot 124 may be threaded holes, as shown in the Fig.8 to 10. The terminal base 130 is further provided with a second drive module 131, and the second drive module 131 may be a drive motor or a gear motor (e.g., a reduction gear and a worm gear). The second drive module 131 is drivingly connected to both the first terminal pole 211 and the second terminal pole 212. The main control module 500 is connected to the second drive module 131 to control the operation of the second drive module 131. The second drive module 131 is configured to drive the rotation of the first terminal pole 211 to threadably connect or disconnect the first terminal pole 211 to the first slot 123. The second drive module 131 is further configured to drive the rotation of the second terminal pole 212 to threadably connect or disconnect the second terminal pole 212 to the second slot 124.The threaded connection between the terminal poles and the elongated holes can be controlled via the second drive module 131. The terminal poles are secured in the elongated holes, ensuring a stable engagement between the battery connection unit 210 and the battery 800.

[0047] In one embodiment, the second drive module 131 may be equipped with a worm-driven gear motor comprising a second motor 133, a second worm gear, and a third worm gear. The second worm gear and the third worm gear may be arranged in different worm gear housings 134. The second motor 133 is connected to both the second worm gear and the third worm gear to cause the second worm gear and the third worm gear to rotate in opposite directions. The second worm gear meshes with the first terminal pole 211 so that the second worm gear can drive the rotation of the first terminal pole 211. The third worm gear meshes with the second terminal pole 212 so that the third worm gear can drive the rotation of the second terminal pole 212. When both are driven, the first terminal pole 211 and the second terminal pole 212 rotate in opposite directions.

[0048] Furthermore, two electrical terminal pieces 136 and two insulating layers 135 may be provided on the terminal base 130, which are referred to as the first electrical terminal piece, the second electrical terminal piece, the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer. The first electrical terminal piece is electrically connected to the first terminal pole 211 and the connection / disconnection switching unit 220 and may be arranged on the first insulating layer. The second electrical terminal piece is electrically connected to the second terminal pole 212 and the connection / disconnection switching unit 220 and may be arranged on the second insulating layer. The first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are arranged on the terminal base 130 and serve as insulation between the electrical terminal pieces 136 and the terminal base 130.

[0049] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. Possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not listed for the sake of clarity. Any combination of technical features that does not contradict each other falls within the scope of the present invention.

[0050] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and purpose of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

[1] Battery management system, comprising: Several battery connection modules, where: each of the battery connection modules has a positive input end and a negative input end, and two adjacent battery connection modules are connected via the positive input end and the negative input end to form at least part of a charge / discharge series circuit, wherein the battery connection module comprises a short-circuit unit (230), a battery connection unit (210) configured to connect a battery (800), and a connection / disconnection switching unit (220), wherein the short-circuit unit (230) is connected in parallel to the battery connection unit (210); both the short-circuit unit (230) and the battery connection unit (210) are electrically connected to the positive input end and the negative end via the connection / disconnection switching unit (220); a charging / discharging module (300) electrically connected to the charging / discharging series circuit; a battery monitoring module (400) connected to the battery connection unit (210) to monitor a battery condition; and a main control module (500) connected to the battery monitoring module (400) and the connection / disconnection switching unit (220), respectively, and configured to control the switching of the connection / disconnection switching unit (220) according to the battery state. [2] Battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: the battery monitoring module (400) has a fill level monitoring unit (410) and a charge / discharge test unit (420); the fill level monitoring unit (410) is connected to the battery connection unit (210) to monitor a fill level of the battery (800); the charge / discharge test unit (420) is connected to the battery connection unit (210) to perform a charge / discharge test on the battery connection unit (210); and the main control module (500) is connected to the fill level monitoring unit (410) and the charge / discharge test unit (420), respectively. [3] The battery management system of claim 2, further comprising a first connection / disconnection control module (610) and a second connection / disconnection control module (620), wherein: the battery connection unit (210) has a first positive end and a first negative end, and the charge / discharge test unit (420) has a first input end and a second input end; and the main control module (500) is connected to the first connection / disconnection control module (610) and the second connection / disconnection control module (620), respectively, to control the connection / disconnection of the first connection / disconnection control module (610) and the second connection / disconnection control module (620); and the first input end is connected to the first positive end through the first connection / disconnection control module (610) and the second input end is connected to the first negative end through the second connection / disconnection control module (620). [4] Battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: the battery connection unit (210) has a first positive end and a first negative end, the connection / disconnection switching unit (220) has a first switching unit (221) and a second switching unit (222), and the short-circuit unit (230) has a third input end and a fourth input end; the first switching unit (221) has a first terminal end and a second terminal end, the first terminal end being connected to the positive input end, and the main control module (500) being connected to the first switching unit (221), to provide a switching connection between the second terminal end and either the first positive end or the third input end; and the second switching unit (222) has a third terminal end and a fourth terminal end, the third terminal end being connected to the negative input end, and the main control module (500) is connected to the second switching unit (222) to control a further switching connection between the fourth terminal end and either the first negative end or the fourth input end. [5] Battery management system according to one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a communication module (700), wherein: the main control module (500) is connected to the communication module (700) to inform an external management platform about the battery status. [6] Battery management system according to one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a battery compartment (100), wherein: the battery compartment (100) is provided with battery slots for arranging the batteries (800), and the battery connection units (210) correspond one-to-one to the battery slots; and each of the battery slots is provided with a drive mechanism configured to move the battery (800) toward the battery connection unit (210) for connection, or to move the battery (800) away from the battery connection unit (210) for disconnection. [7] Battery management system according to claim 6, wherein: the drive mechanism comprises a sliding carrier (110) and a battery holder (120) for arranging the battery (800); and the sliding carrier (110) is provided at the battery location, and the battery holder (120) is in sliding connection with the sliding carrier (110). [8] Battery management system according to claim 7, wherein: the sliding carrier (110) is provided with a first drive module (111) and a gear (112), and the first drive module (111) is drivingly connected to the gear (112); the battery holder (120) is provided with gearing that meshes with the gear (112); the main control module (500) is connected to the first drive module (111) to control the operation of the first drive module (111); and the first drive module (111) is configured to drive the rotation of the gear (112) such that the rotation of the gear (112) drives the gearing to translate the battery holder (120) along the sliding carrier (110). [9] Battery management system according to claim 7, wherein: each of the battery locations is provided with a connection base (130); the battery connection unit (210) has a first connection pole (211) and a second connection pole (212), wherein the first connection pole (211) and the second connection pole (212) are arranged on the connection base (130); the first terminal (211) and the second terminal (212) are connected to the positive input end and the negative input end, respectively, via the connection / disconnection switching unit (220); the battery holder (120) is provided with a positive terminal (121) and a negative terminal (122); the positive terminal (121) is configured to be connected to a positive electrode of the battery (800), and the negative terminal (122) is configured to be connected to a negative electrode of the battery (800); and the positive terminal (121) is provided with a first elongated hole (123) configured to engage with the first terminal (211), and the negative terminal (122) is provided with a second elongated hole (124) configured to engage with the second terminal (212). [10] Battery management system according to claim 9, wherein: both the first terminal pole (211) and the second terminal pole (212) are bolts, and both the first elongated hole (123) and the second elongated hole (124) are threaded holes; the terminal base (130) is further provided with a second drive module (131) drivingly connected to both the first terminal pole (211) and the second terminal pole (212); the main control module (500) is connected to the second drive module (131) to control the operation of the second drive module (131); and the second drive module (131) is configured to drive the rotation of the first terminal pole (211), to threadably connect or disconnect the first terminal pole (211) with the first elongated hole (123); and to drive the rotation of the second terminal pole (212) to threadably connect or disconnect the second terminal pole (212) with the second elongated hole (124).

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