Methods for optimizing motion detection with PIR detectors

Abstract

This disclosure describes techniques for optimizing motion detection in systems using passive infrared (PIR) detectors. The techniques involve generating a first signal and a second signal using two sets of detector elements. They further include calculating the sum of the first and second signals, as well as the difference between the first and second signals. The methods may include determining whether the slope of either the sum or the difference exceeds a slope threshold. If the slope exceeds the threshold, it may be determined whether the amplitude of the sum or the difference exceeds a detection threshold. If the amplitude exceeds the detection threshold, a motion detection event is triggered.If the slope does not exceed the threshold value for the slope, the first signal and the second signal are set to zero.

Description

REFERENCE TO RELATED REGISTRATIONS

[0001] This application claims precedence over US patent application No. 18 / 345,202, filed on June 30, 2023, entitled “METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING MOTION DETECTION USING PIR DETECTORS”, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference. BACKGROUND

[0002] Motion sensors that use infrared (IR) radiation detectors are commonly used in security or lighting systems to detect movement within a monitored space. For example, a passive infrared (PIR) detector can be configured to detect changes in infrared radiation caused by temperature differences between a warm object, such as a warm-blooded animal, and its surroundings as the warm object moves through those surroundings. Upon detecting movement, motion sensors typically send a signal indicating that motion has been detected. This signal can then be used by an electronic device to trigger one or more actions, such as turning on lights, taking pictures with a camera, or sounding an alarm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE IMAGES

[0003] The detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanying illustrations. In the illustrations, the leftmost digit(s) of a reference number identifies the illustration in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different illustrations indicates similar or identical elements or features. Fig. Figure 1 shows an example of an environment in which one or more motion sensors can be implemented according to some embodiments. Fig. Figure 2 shows an example of a PIR detector, which, according to embodiments, can be included in a motion sensor. Fig. Figure 3 shows a representation of an object detection process as performed by a PIR detector according to at least some embodiments. Fig. Figure 4 shows an example of a top view of a field of view (FOV) that can be implemented in a motion sensor according to at least some embodiments. Fig. Figure 5A shows an example of a cross-sectional view of a field of view that can be implemented on a motion sensor according to at least some embodiments. Fig. Figure 5B shows an example of a top view of a field of view that can be implemented on a motion sensor according to at least some embodiments. Fig. Figure 6 shows an example of a field of view connected to a motion sensor, which can be implemented according to at least some embodiments. Fig. Figure 7 shows a first example of a signal generation system that, according to embodiments, is used for object detection with and without signal amplification. Fig. Figure 8 shows a second example of a signal generation system that, according to embodiments, is used for object detection with and without signal amplification. Fig. Figure 9 shows a third example of a signal generation system which, according to embodiments, is used for object detection with and without signal amplification. Fig. Figure 10 shows a first block diagram illustrating an example procedure for performing motion detection using a PIR detector according to embodiments. Fig. Figure 11 shows a second block diagram illustrating an example procedure for performing motion detection using a PIR detector according to embodiments. Fig. Figure 12 shows a first example of components that may be included in a motion detection system to implement the described techniques according to embodiments. Fig. Figure 13 shows a second example of components that may be included in a motion detection system to implement the described techniques according to embodiments. Fig. Figure 14 illustrates another exemplary architecture according to one or more preferred implementations, in which an integrated circuit component is used for each channel of each of the two detectors. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0004] The following description details various embodiments. For illustrative purposes, specific configurations and details are presented to provide a comprehensive understanding of these embodiments. However, it is also apparent to a person skilled in the art that the embodiments can be implemented without these specific details. Furthermore, known features may be omitted or simplified, but not to obscure the described embodiment.

[0005] This disclosure describes, among other things, techniques for performing optimized motion detection when using a PIR detector. Such techniques may include improved noise filtering as well as signal amplification, which can be used to more accurately identify moving objects, especially object movements that generally generate low-frequency signals that can be ignored in conventional motion detection systems.

[0006] According to one or more implementations, signals generated by detector elements in a PIR detector (or values ​​determined based on such signals) are amplified or enhanced by adding and subtracting each other. This can lead to signal boosting, making movement easier to detect.

[0007] Additionally, according to one or more implementations, noise filtering can be used, in which fluctuations in a signal are identified as noise based on a calculated slope of the signal with respect to a time period. If the fluctuations are identified as noise (e.g., based on the slope not exceeding a threshold), the signal is recentered or set to zero to avoid false positives (false alarms).

[0008] In embodiments, a determination that a motion event has occurred is made on the basis of whether an amplitude value for one or more signals or calculated values ​​(e.g., a signal representing a sum or difference, or a signal representing an absolute value or the sum of absolute values) has exceeded a detection threshold that indicates a motion detection event.

[0009] In some cases, multiple detection thresholds can be used to identify motion detection events. For example, both a positive detection threshold (e.g., 3) and a negative detection threshold (e.g., -3) can be used, so that a signal amplitude greater than the positive detection threshold or less than the negative detection threshold can trigger a motion detection event. In one or more implementations, a motion detection event can be identified when either the added signals or the subtracted signals exceed one of the respective detection thresholds.

[0010] Embodiments of the disclosure offer several advantages over conventional systems. For example, conventional motion sensors using PIR detectors can excellently detect objects crossing the field of view (FOV) of the PIR detectors, but struggle to detect objects moving directly toward or away from the motion sensor. This may be due to gaps in the motion sensor's field of view. Furthermore, because conventional motion sensors with PIR detectors use a detection threshold to filter noise, it can also be difficult to detect objects that generate low-frequency signals, such as slowly moving objects. Embodiments of the disclosure provide techniques for improving the accuracy of motion sensors in each of the situations mentioned above.

[0011] Furthermore, these designs allow for more precise noise filtering, enabling a lower detection threshold so that the system can better identify objects that generate low-frequency signals. A potential problem with using PIR detectors for motion detection is that drift or noise can accumulate in the signal generated by the PIR detector. Such accumulation can occur, for example, if the temperature of the environment in which the PIR detector is located changes throughout the day. This accumulation may be more common in environments that are heated or cooled unevenly.In systems that use a detection threshold for motion detection, such accumulation can cause the amplitude of a generated signal to exceed this threshold, even though it would not have done so without the accumulation. Consequently, this accumulation can lead to false positives in conventional motion detection systems. By more accurately identifying the noise accumulation based on the signal slope, as disclosed, the accumulation can be reset or "zeroed out," thereby reducing the risk of false positives.

[0012] Fig. Figure 1 shows an example environment in which one or more motion sensors can be implemented according to some embodiments. In example environment 100, a security device 102, for example a video doorbell, can be used to monitor a room. In embodiments, the security device 102 can include at least one motion sensor 104 and one or more cameras 106. The motion sensor 104 can have a field of view (FOV) that overlaps at least partially with a field of view of the one or more cameras.

[0013] In many cases, a security device 102 is installed at a location (e.g., a residential building or a business) and typically near an access point (e.g., a door) to that location. The security device 102 can remain in a power-saving mode as long as no activity is detected. This allows the security device 102 to conserve battery life. However, the security device 102 can be configured to wake up or activate when it detects that one or more conditions are met. For example, the security device 102 can be configured to exit power-saving mode when the motion sensor 104 detects motion. After exiting power-saving mode, the security device 102 can be further configured to activate one or more of the cameras 106 to record image data 108.

[0014] The motion sensor 104 is a device for detecting movement in a monitored space. A motion sensor can include one or more infrared detectors, one or more optical elements (e.g., a Fresnel lens or a lens array) shaped and arranged to direct electromagnetic radiation from the monitored space onto the infrared detector(s), and a circuit for receiving information regarding movement from the infrared detector(s) and for taking action based on this information. Any type of action can be taken, but various implementations include, but are not limited to, triggering an audible alarm, switching a light on or off, or sending a message indicating that movement has been detected.

[0015] In embodiments, the motion sensor 104 can include at least one PIR detector configured to detect temperature changes caused by a warm object (e.g., a person or animal) entering the PIR detector's field of view. The use of a PIR detector can be ideal for motion detection purposes in security devices that employ an energy-saving mode due to its minimal power consumption. While conventional PIR detectors are excellent at detecting objects crossing the detector's field of view, they may have difficulty detecting objects moving directly toward or away from the PIR detector.

[0016] In the example shown, the security system 102 is configured to capture an image 108 (e.g., via cameras 106) showing an object 110 approaching the security device 102. If the security device 102 is installed, for example, at a door to a building, the movement of the object 108 would typically involve movement essentially in the direction of the security device 102. However, as mentioned above, conventional systems using PIR detectors can be less accurate when detecting objects moving towards the PIR detector.

[0017] To improve the accuracy of the PIR detector in motion detection, the security device 102 can include one or more amplifiers 112 and one or more filter / detection components 114. In embodiments, the amplifiers 112 are configured to amplify a signal generated by at least two pairs of detector elements of a PIR detector in a motion sensor by calculating the sum and difference of these signals. The filter / detection component 114 is configured to detect noise based on the slope of the signal with respect to time. In such cases, the signal can be considered noise if the slope is below a threshold value for a given period.When detecting noise, the filter / detection component 114 can zero out or reset the signals generated on the basis of the two pairs of detector elements (or change a threshold for detection and a threshold for noise filtering).

[0018] To determine whether a signal represents detected motion, it is checked whether the signal's amplitude has exceeded a detection threshold. The PIR detector can be configured to generate a motion signal, which is then fed to another electronic component, when it detects that a signal has exceeded the detection threshold.

[0019] A PIR detector can, for example, comprise two pyroelectric sensor elements. Each pyroelectric sensor element contains a pyroelectric crystal. Each pyroelectric sensor element generates an electric charge in response to heat. Radiation (e.g., infrared light) received at a surface of a pyroelectric sensor element generates heat, which in turn generates an electric charge. In other words, an absorbing layer of a pyroelectric sensor element converts a change in radiation flux into a temperature change, and a pyroelectric component performs a thermal-to-electrical conversion. One or more low-noise, low-leakage field-effect transistors (e.g., junction field-effect transistors) or operational amplifiers are used to convert the charge into a signal voltage.

[0020] A PIR detector can comprise two pyroelectric sensor elements electrically coupled with opposite polarization to generate an output signal. In this way, an equal temperature change across both pyroelectric sensor elements cancels out in the output signal, thus filtering out temperature changes in the surrounding environment. However, a temperature change across only one of the pyroelectric sensor elements results in a positive or negative output signal (depending on which pyroelectric sensor element experienced the temperature change).

[0021] A PIR detector can include two cutouts, each providing an optical path to one of the pyroelectric sensor elements. A device can include one or more lenses configured to direct the light received by the lens(es) onto one of the pyroelectric sensor elements. A device can include one or more lenses configured to direct light received by a first section of the lens(es) (e.g., a left section) onto a first pyroelectric sensor element (e.g., a left sensor element), and to direct light received by a second section of the lens(es) (e.g., a right section) onto a second pyroelectric sensor element (e.g., a right sensor element). The lens(es) can include one or more Fresnel lenses with one or more properties configured to direct light.The pyroelectric elements can be arranged side by side and aligned along an axis (e.g. a horizontal axis or a vertical axis).

[0022] A PIR detector can be analog, with an analog signal output, or digital, with a digital data output generated using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0023] According to one or more embodiments, a PIR detector can comprise four pyroelectric sensor elements, representing two pairs of pyroelectric sensor elements electrically coupled with opposite polarization to generate an output signal. In each pair, an equal temperature change across both pyroelectric sensor elements cancels out in the output signal, thus filtering out temperature changes in the environment. However, a temperature change across only one of the pyroelectric sensor elements results in a positive or negative output signal (depending on which pyroelectric sensor element experienced the temperature change).

[0024] Such a PIR detector can include four recesses, each providing an optical path to one of the pyroelectric sensor elements. A device can include one or more lenses configured to direct the light received by the lens(es) onto one of the pyroelectric sensor elements. The lens(es) can include one or more Fresnel lenses with one or more properties configured to direct light. The pyroelectric elements can be arranged side by side and aligned along an axis (e.g., a horizontal or vertical axis).

[0025] In such a PIR detector, the pyroelectric sensor elements can be nested, with one element of a first pair of coupled pyroelectric sensor elements being arranged between the two pyroelectric sensor elements of the second pair, and one element of the second pair of coupled pyroelectric sensor elements being arranged between the two pyroelectric sensor elements of the first pair.

[0026] A PIR detector can be analog, with an analog signal output, or digital, with a digital data output generated using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0027] According to one or more implementations, the output of a first pyroelectric sensor element of a coupled pair is added to, subtracted from, or combined with the output of a second pyroelectric sensor element of the coupled pair. For example, signals can be added using a summing amplifier, or data can be generated based on the signals using an ADC and certain summed values ​​(e.g., using an integrated circuit component). Similarly, signals can be subtracted using a differential amplifier, or data can be generated based on the signals using an ADC and subtraction using determined values. One of the pairs is connected to a first polarity, and one of the pairs is connected to a second polarity.

[0028] As mentioned above, with this pair, an equal temperature change at both pyroelectric sensor elements cancels out in the output signal or data, thus filtering out temperature changes in the environment. However, a temperature change at only one of the pyroelectric sensor elements results in a positive or negative output signal or data (depending on which pyroelectric sensor element experienced the temperature change).

[0029] The output of pyroelectric elements from a second coupled pair is treated similarly. The result is two output signals or specific data, each representing a signal or data from one of the coupled pairs. Each of these coupled pairs can be characterized as representing a channel, and thus each of the output signals or data can be characterized as corresponding to a channel.

[0030] According to one or more implementations, these output signals or data are used or combined to facilitate motion detection.

[0031] According to one or more implementations, a first absolute value is determined based on an output signal or data from the first pair, and a second absolute value is determined based on an output signal or data from the second pair. If the output was a signal, an ADC is used to determine the corresponding data, and this data is used to determine an absolute value. For example, in an exemplary architecture, an analog detector provides an output in the form of two signals, one for each pair of coupled pyroelectric sensor elements, and an IC component with ADC functionality is used to generate digital data for each analog signal. This IC component can also perform filtering (e.g., bandpass filtering) of the analog signal and / or the resulting data.

[0032] The digital data generated by the IC component is then transferred to a microcontroller which can perform filtering (e.g., as described in more detail below), and subsequently the data can be used to generate an absolute value.

[0033] The first absolute value, determined based on the first coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements, is added to the second absolute value, determined based on the second coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements. This sum is then compared to a threshold value.

[0034] This comparison can be used to determine whether movement has been detected.

[0035] Based on this comparison, for example, a microcontroller can output a signal or send data indicating that movement has been detected.

[0036] An electronic device (e.g., a camera) can contain one or more PIR detectors, which the device uses to detect the movement of objects. Each PIR detector can output a signal or sensor data, with the signal or sensor data indicating whether the PIR detector has detected an object.

[0037] For example, a first PIR detector can have a first field of view (FOV) that extends over a first distance from the electronic device. In some examples, the first field of view is created based on the placement of the first PIR detector in a first direction and / or by using one or more lenses (which can be a lens of the PIR detector or can be used in addition to or instead of a lens of the PIR detector).

[0038] In some example systems, when motion is detected in an environment monitored by a motion sensor such as a PIR detector, the triggered motion sensor can send a signal to a control unit of a camera system that includes the motion sensor. This signal can cause the camera system(s) to begin capturing image and / or video data. For example, a camera system that includes a PIR detector might be located in a specific room of a building. When the PIR detector is triggered (e.g., by a person walking through the room), the PIR detector can send a signal to the camera system's control unit indicating that motion has been detected. In response to receiving the signal from the PIR detector, the camera system can be configured to begin capturing video. In some example systems, communication, such as...A motion alarm or other event data is sent using a wireless communication component based on the detected motion. According to one or more implementations, a motion detection signal or data from a PIR detector triggers the activation of a camera and the generation of image data. This image data is then used to verify or refute the detection of motion or a specific object type (e.g., a person). This verification can be based on pixel-based motion detection, computer vision-based object detection using a machine learning model, and so on.

[0039] According to one or more preferred implementations, a PIR detector comprises an integrated circuit (IC) that receives voltage inputs from one or more lines coupled to a first pyroelectric sensor element and a second pyroelectric sensor element. According to one or more preferred implementations, the IC component receives an input from each sensor element, while according to one or more preferred implementations, the IC component receives a summed, subtracted, or combined voltage.

[0040] According to one or more preferred embodiments, an IC component determines whether a summed, subtracted, or combined voltage exceeds a first threshold and, if so, sends a logic signal (e.g., a Boolean value or an interrupt) to a microcontroller, another IC component, or a control unit. Based on the received logic signal, the microcontroller, another IC component, or a control unit begins periodically querying or requesting PIR data (e.g., the most recent data value at the time of querying) from the first IC component. For example, the control unit can query the IC component at a rate of 64 Hz. According to one or more implementations, the logic signal represents an interrupt that triggers additional processing.

[0041] As mentioned above, according to one or more implementations, a first absolute value determined on the basis of a first coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements is added to a second absolute value determined on the basis of a second coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements, and a comparison of this sum value with a threshold value is used to determine whether motion has been detected.According to one or more implementations, instead of such an approach using absolute values, a sum value is determined based on adding a first value generated from a first coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements to a second value generated from a second coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements, and a difference value is determined based on adding a first value generated from a first coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements to a second value generated from a second coupled pair of pyroelectric sensor elements. Each of the sum and difference values ​​is then compared to a corresponding threshold to determine whether motion has been detected.In some implementations, an absolute value of the sum can be compared to a first threshold, and an absolute value of the difference can be compared to a second threshold. In some implementations, no absolute values ​​are used.

[0042] In the various approaches described here, operations can be performed on analog signals in hardware, e.g., using summing amplifiers and differential amplifiers, or on digital data using software or firmware, e.g., using electronic processors. Different integrated circuit components can be used in different approaches to provide various functions and components, e.g., analog-to-digital converters, summing amplifiers, differential amplifiers, bandpass filters, etc.

[0043] As mentioned above, according to one or more implementations, the output of a first pyroelectric sensor element of a coupled pair is added to, subtracted from, or combined with the output of a second pyroelectric sensor element of the coupled pair, and the output of the pyroelectric elements of a second coupled pair is treated similarly. The result is two output signals or detected data, each representing a signal or data from one of the coupled pairs. Each of these coupled pairs can be characterized as representing a channel, and thus each of the output signals or data can be characterized as corresponding to a channel.

[0044] According to one or more implementations, a microcontroller is configured to provide a nonlinear filter function for data derived from such signals.

[0045] For example, according to one or more implementations, data associated with a first channel displays signal values ​​at different times. If a current signal value is detected exceeding a first threshold, a slope is determined based on the most recent signal values. If the slope does not exceed a second threshold, the microcontroller recenteres the data processing or resets it to zero, for example, based on setting a reference or offset value corresponding to the current signal value that triggered the slope calculation. According to one or more implementations, a reference or offset value is determined based on an average value over a specific period; for example, it is set to correspond to an average value for a first period before a determination based on a specific slope.Subsequent signal values ​​are adjusted by the reference or offset value before processing, e.g., before comparison with the first threshold. Alternatively, in some implementations, the first threshold itself can be adjusted. An identical approach is used for data connected to the second channel, which has its own third threshold (for signal values) and a fourth threshold (for slopes).

[0046] According to one or more implementations, such adjusted signal values, which are modified by specific reference or offset values, are used to calculate absolute values ​​or sum or difference values ​​used to determine whether motion has been detected. According to one or more implementations, a threshold used for such detection can be adjusted based on an offset or reference value instead of modifying the signal values.

[0047] According to one or more implementations, absolute values ​​or sum or difference values ​​can be determined with unmatched signal values, and the absolute values ​​or sum or difference values ​​can be compared to an initial threshold to determine whether a slope should be calculated and the values ​​possibly reset to zero or recentered, as just described for signal values.

[0048] Fig. Figure 2 shows an example of a PIR detector, which, according to embodiments, can be included in a motion sensor. It should be noted that the one in Fig. 2 The PIR detector 202 shown comprises two pairs of detector elements, while other embodiments may include more or fewer detector elements.

[0049] As discussed above, many PIR detectors comprise a pair (or several pairs) of equally sized detector elements with opposite polarities. In the example shown, the PIR detector 202 comprises two pairs of such detector elements, 204(ab) and 206(ab). Each pair of detector elements includes a negatively polarized detector element 204-206(a) and a positively polarized detector element 204-206(b). The detector elements of each pair are connected by a conductive path 204-206(c), allowing charge to flow from one of the detector elements in the pair to the other. In other words, if the temperature of one of the detector elements changes, charge can flow to or from that detector element and to or from the other detector element in the pair via the respective conductive path.

[0050] As shown, multiple pairs of detector elements can be nested to optimize the field of view of the PIR detector 202. For example, one of the detector elements from a first pair can be positioned between the detector elements of a second pair. It should be noted that, due to the opposite polarities of the detector elements in a pair, the simultaneous detection of one or more objects by both detector elements can have a balancing effect. For example, if an object causes a simultaneous change in the temperature of both detector elements, the overall charge between the detector elements may not change. This can be caused, for example, by an object moving within the field of view of each detector element.Accordingly, it can be advantageous to ensure that individual detector elements of a pair of detector elements are sufficiently separated from each other so that they do not detect the same object. However, this can lead to a gap in the field of view of the PIR detector 202. By nesting the detector elements of several detector element pairs as shown in the figure, such gaps can be eliminated, thus optimizing the field of view for the PIR detector.

[0051] In the PIR detector 202 shown, unfocused radiation outside the band, as well as changes in ambient temperature or physical shocks, affect both detector elements equally, causing the signals of the opposing elements to cancel each other out approximately.

[0052] Fig. Figure 3 shows a representation of an object detection process as performed by a PIR detector according to at least some embodiments. The object detection process can be performed using the PIR detector 202, as described above in relation to Fig. 2 described.

[0053] As mentioned elsewhere, a PIR detector can comprise at least one pair of detector elements 302 (a and b) with opposite polarity (+ or -). Additionally, the PIR detector can include an optical array 304 (comprising optical elements such as lenses, focusing mirrors, etc.) to monitor a large space with a single detector. The optical array 304 directs the IR radiation from multiple monitored volumes onto the detector, which sometimes includes filters to minimize radiation outside the desired frequency or wavelength range reaching the detector.

[0054] As shown, the detector elements 302 of the PIR detector can be arranged behind the optical array 304 (e.g., a lens). Each of the detector elements 302, when paired with the optical array 304, can have a corresponding field of view (FOV) 306 (a and b). A field of view of the PIR detector can consist of the individual fields of view of each of its detector elements.

[0055] As in Fig. As mentioned above, the field of view for two detector elements in a pair of detector elements can be separated to prevent an object from being detected by both detector elements simultaneously. Therefore, a gap 308 can exist between the two detector elements in the pair of detector elements 302. However, as also mentioned, the PIR detector can include several pairs of nested detector elements, which reduces the size of the gaps in the field of view of the PIR detector, although this in Fig. 3 is not shown.

[0056] Motion sensors using PIR detectors are well suited for detecting the movement of an object 310 crossing the field of view of the PIR detector. In such cases, a signal 312 is generated with respect to time while the object 310 moves across the field of view of the PIR detector. Such a signal 312 can generate a positive signal (e.g., represented as a positive voltage) at time T1, when the object 310 moves into the field of view 306(a) of the detector element 302(a), because the object heats up the detector element 302(a). Since the detector elements 302 effectively measure a temperature change, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in the positive signal.

[0072] Once the object 310 has passed through the field of view 306(a) and enters the field of view 306(b), the signal 312 can change from positive to negative.Note that a negative signal is generated by detector element 302(a) because its temperature is now decreasing (resulting, for example, in a negative temperature change). Additionally, detector element 302(b) generates a negative signal because it has the opposite polarity to detector element 302(a). Therefore, signal 312 at time T2 would represent the sum of the negative signals generated by both detector elements 302(a) and 302(b).

[0057] As soon as object 310 passes through the field of view 306 (b), the temperature of detector element 302 (b) returns to normal. Since the temperature has decreased (and since the polarity is reversed), a positive signal is generated.

[0058] As is known to those skilled in the art, an object 310 passing through the field of view of a PIR detector can generate a signal 312 that is somewhat sinusoidal in nature. It should be noted that while the signal representing object detection is depicted with a negative section surrounded by two positive sections, the opposite can be true if the object 310 enters the field of view of the PIR detector from the opposite direction. In such cases, the signal representing object detection may show a positive section surrounded by two negative sections.

[0059] Fig. Figure 4 shows an example of a top view of a field of view that can be implemented on a motion sensor according to at least some embodiments. The motion sensor 402 can comprise a number of PIR detectors, each comprising at least one pair of detector elements arranged horizontally. In particular, the motion sensor 402 can comprise a horizontal arrangement of two PIR detectors, each having two pairs of detector elements.

[0060] The field of view of a 402 motion sensor can consist of fields of view for individual detector elements. Each of the fields of view of the individual detector elements can be assigned a polarization for the respective detector elements. As shown, a field of view for a motion sensor can include gaps (also called canyons or trenches) between the fields of view of individual detector elements within the motion sensor. In some cases, two pairs of detector elements can be nested to reduce or eliminate gaps between the individual fields of view.

[0061] With regard to the field of view of the motion sensor 402, several exemplary paths (404-410) are shown that can be taken by an object moving through this field of view. As above with regard to Fig. As mentioned in section 3, an object moving along an example path 404 across several of the individual fields of view would generate a strong signal that would likely be easy to detect. However, an object moving along paths 406, 408, and 410 toward the motion sensor 402 might generate weaker signals that could be more difficult to detect.

[0062] Movement along path 406 toward motion sensor 402 can largely take an object through a single detector element's field of view, although the object may also pass through other detector element fields of view. In such cases, entering and exiting the fields of view of the detector elements can be easily detected, whereas the object's movement through the field of view of a single detector element may produce a weaker signal that is more difficult to detect. It should be noted that the detection of an object moving along path 406 can be optimized using the techniques described here.

[0063] Movement along path 408 can cause the object to cross a gap between the fields of view of individual detector elements, meaning that the object is likely to be detected only when it is so close to motion sensor 402 that it no longer fits into the gap. It should be noted that objects can be prevented from moving along path 408 by eliminating the gaps between the fields of view of individual detector elements.

[0064] Path 410 can represent a more realistic path of a person moving through the field of view of the motion sensor 402. In particular, a person walking through an area typically tends to shift from side to side. This can result in weak, repetitive signals that are picked up by multiple detector element pairs as the person sways in and out of the detector elements' fields of view. It should be noted that the object's movement along path 410 may be difficult to detect without amplification. However, it should also be noted that the detection of an object moving along path 410 can be optimized using the techniques described here.

[0065] Fig. Figure 5 shows exemplary embodiments of a PIR detector in combination with an optical arrangement. Fig. Figure 5A shows an example of a cross-sectional view of a field of view that can be implemented on a motion sensor according to at least some embodiments. As mentioned elsewhere, the motion sensor can be contained in a security device 502 (e.g., an AV doorbell device) that is installed on a building, for example, on a door of the building. The security device 502 can be positioned such that it has a motion sensor field of view 504 that covers at least the area in front of the door and the area leading to the door.

[0066] To monitor a large room with only one or two detectors, a typical PIR motion sensor is equipped with an optical arrangement (e.g. including optical elements such as lenses or mirrors) on the surface of the sensor.

[0067] As mentioned above, one or more detector elements 506 can be positioned behind an optical array 508 configured to focus infrared radiation onto one or more areas of the detector element. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 5, the optical array can comprise multiple vertically arranged lenses, allowing the detector element to monitor a larger volume. It should be noted that embodiments can use multiple lenses or a single lens to achieve this result. In some cases, the use of multiple lenses may be advantageous over the use of a single lens because the field of view focused on a specific area of ​​the detector element is easier to manage.

[0068] In embodiments, the optical array 304 is configured to generate three vertical planes of field of view coverage for each detector element in the motion sensor. The multiple planes enable the motion sensor to detect movements over a larger area.

[0069] In the example shown, an object 510 approaching the security device 502 can be detected within several areas of the motion sensor's field of view 504. Specifically, as the object 510 approaches the security device 502, it increasingly fills the motion sensor's field of view 504, resulting in the generation of a monotonically increasing signal (e.g., a rising signal) as the object continues to approach the security device 502. It should be noted that if the object 510 approaches the security device 502 within a gap (as in Fig. (described in section 4), object 510 might not be detected until it is so close that it no longer fits into the gap. Such gaps can be filled using nested detector elements, as described above in relation to Fig. 2 described, reduced or eliminated.

[0070] Additionally, it should be noted that if the object 510 approaches the security device 502 relatively slowly, the increase in the signal may be interpreted as noise accumulation and ignored by a conventional motion sensor (e.g., because it does not exceed a detection threshold). Such cases can be avoided by using more precise noise filtering and by amplifying the generated signal, as described here.

[0071] Fig. Figure 5B shows an example of a top view of a field of view that can be implemented on a motion sensor according to at least some embodiments. As mentioned above, one or more detector elements 506 can be positioned behind an optical array 508 configured to focus infrared radiation onto one or more areas of the detector element. In addition to their use for generating multiple vertical planes of the field of view, lenses can be arranged horizontally to generate dual horizontal fields of view. For example, multiple lenses in an optical array can be configured to focus radiation from different volumes onto a single detector. In this way, multiple “ranks” (e.g., rank 1 and rank 2) can be generated in a field of view, with each rank representing a set of columns of fields of view for the detector elements 506 in the PIR detector.The multiple levels allow the motion sensor to detect movements over a larger area.

[0072] It should be noted that the optical array 508 can be configured to provide both the multiple vertical field-of-view planes as in Fig. 5A is shown, as well as the multiple horizontal fields of view planes, as in Fig. 5B is shown, generated. The resulting field of view of the motion sensor would be represented by an array of fields of view for individual detector elements, as shown below in relation to Fig. 6 described in more detail.

[0073] Fig. Figure 6 shows an example of a field of view associated with a motion sensor, which can be implemented according to at least some embodiments. In this example, the motion sensor field of view 602 shown can be achieved by horizontally positioning a PIR detector (with two nested pairs of detector elements 604 (e.g., element pair 1 and element pair 2)). Additionally, an optical array (e.g., the one with respect to Fig. 5 described optical array 508) comprising a series of vertical and / or horizontal lenses arranged to produce multiple levels 606 (ac) of vertical coverage and / or multiple rows of horizontal coverage for the field of view 602 of the motion sensor.

[0074] Each of the detector elements 604 can correspond to multiple "columns" in the field of view 602, which represent a field of view of that single detector element. Accordingly, a polarity of a column in the field of view 602 of the motion sensor can correspond to a polarity of the respective detector element assigned to that column. In the example shown, two ranks of columns (e.g., rank 1 and rank 2) are depicted, each comprising a complete set of columns corresponding to each of the detector elements.

[0075] In some embodiments, the two pairs of detector elements 604 are arranged such that the two pairs are as above with respect to Fig. 1. As described elsewhere, the use of nested detector elements in this way can be used to reduce or eliminate gaps between the fields of view of individual detector elements in the motion sensor.

[0076] The following Fig. Figures 7 to 9 each illustrate a use of the 602 field of view for generating signals that can be used for motion detection. These figures also illustrate the effect of amplification (e.g., by summation or subtraction) on the generated signal. In particular, each figure illustrates a separate scenario in which an object is detected by a specific combination of detector elements. For example, shows Fig. 7. A scenario in which an object is primarily detected by a single detector element. Fig. Figure 8 shows a scenario in which an object is primarily detected by two detector elements with opposite polarity, and Fig. Figure 9 shows a scenario in which an object is primarily detected by two detector elements with the same polarity.

[0077] Fig. Figure 7 shows a first example of signal generation, which, according to embodiments, is used for object detection with and without signal amplification. The in Fig. The motion sensor field of view shown in Figure 702 is an example of the one shown in relation to Fig. 6. Motion sensor field of view 602 described above. In this first example, an object 704 is primarily detected by a single detector element. As mentioned elsewhere, the motion sensor field of view in this example is generated using two PIR detectors, each of which comprises two pairs of nested elements (e.g., element pair 1 and element pair 2).

[0078] As mentioned elsewhere, the motion sensor can be installed in a location where an object 704 is likely to approach the motion sensor essentially directly (e.g., near a building door). Accordingly, as the object 704 approaches the motion sensor, it occupies more and more space within the motion sensor's field of view 702. In the depicted scenario, the object grows within a single column assigned to a detector element. Since each detector element is conductively connected to another detector element, the signal is assigned to a pair of detector elements (e.g., element pair 1) and not to a single detector.

[0079] In this first scenario, an object moving towards a motion sensor within a single column of the motion sensor's field of view 702 generates a signal that rises or falls monotonically depending on the polarity of the detector element that detects the object 704. In such a scenario, the object 704 may, at a certain point on its way to the motion sensor, enter a second column and subsequently be detected by a second detector element assigned to that second column. In many cases, the object 704 may extend to other vertical planes of the field of view 702.

[0080] As object 704 continues to approach the motion sensor in the scenario described above, a signal can be generated that either rises or falls steadily (depending on the polarity of the detector element). As illustrated graphically in 706, since object 704 is essentially detected by only a single detector element, a signal may be generated by one of the detector element pairs (e.g., element pair 1) while no signal (or only a very weak one) is generated by the other detector pair (e.g., element pair 2). Because only one of the detector element pairs (element pair 1) has generated a signal, it should be noted that amplifying this signal (e.g., by summation or subtraction) may not be effective, as there is no second signal to add to or subtract from the generated signal. Note that using subtraction and summation in this way (e.g.,(using a differential amplifier and a summing amplifier) ​​the use of two detection thresholds (e.g. positive and negative detection thresholds) may be required to determine whether a motion event has been detected.

[0081] As shown graphically in Figure 708, each of the signals for the element pairs can be made positive and added to obtain an amplified signal, which is always positive. It should be noted that in this scenario, the signal is only slightly more exaggerated than the original signals themselves, since only one of the signals has a significant amplitude. It is worth noting that using absolute value summation in this way would require only a single detection threshold to determine whether a motion event has been detected.

[0082] Fig. Figure 8 shows a second example of signal generation used for object detection with and without signal amplification according to embodiments. The in Fig. The motion sensor field of view 802 shown in Figure 8 is an example of the motion sensor field of view 602, which is described above in relation to Fig. 6 was described. In this second example, an object 804 is primarily detected by two detector elements with opposite polarity.

[0083] In the depicted scenario, as object 804 approaches the motion sensor, it occupies more and more space within the motion sensor's field of view 802. It is noteworthy that the object grows within two distinct columns of the field of view 802, each connected to a detector element of a different pair of detector elements. Also note in this example that the detector elements detecting object 804 have opposite polarity.

[0084] As object 804 continues to approach the motion sensor in the scenario described above, a first signal can be generated by the first detector element pair (e.g., element pair 2) that increases at a constant rate, while a second signal can be generated by the second detector element pair (e.g., element pair 1) that decreases at the same rate (due to the opposite polarities).

[0085] As graphically illustrated in Figure 806, the signals from each of the element pairs would largely cancel each other out upon summation, since object 804 is equally detected by each of the two detector elements (e.g., object 804 is located midway between the two field-of-view columns). However, when one of the signals is subtracted from the other, as is the case with differential amplification, the signal is greatly amplified, making object 804 much easier to detect. Accordingly, a person skilled in the art would recognize that the use of differential amplification has a significant effect on motion detection for objects detected by two detector elements with opposite polarity.

[0086] As shown graphically in Figure 808, the signals for the element pairs can be made positive and added to obtain an amplified signal that is always positive. It should be noted that in this scenario, absolute value summation produces a signal equivalent to the signal generated by differential gain mentioned above. Accordingly, absolute value summation would also have a significant effect on motion detection for objects detected by two detector elements with opposite polarity.

[0087] Fig. Figure 9 shows a third example of signal generation used for object detection with and without signal amplification according to embodiments. The in Fig. The motion sensor field of view shown in Figure 902 is an example of the motion sensor field of view 602, which is related to Fig. As described in section 6 above. In this third example, an object 904 is primarily detected by two detector elements with the same polarity.

[0088] In the depicted scenario, as object 904 approaches the motion sensor, it occupies more and more space within the motion sensor's field of view 902. It is noteworthy that the object grows within two distinct columns of the field of view 902, each connected to a detector element of a different pair of detector elements. Also note in this example that the detector elements detecting object 904 have the same polarity.

[0089] As object 904 continues to approach the motion sensor in the scenario described above, a first signal and a second signal can each be generated by the first detector element pair (e.g., element pair 1) and the second detector element pair (e.g., element pair 2), both of which either increase or decrease at a constant rate (since they have the same polarity).

[0090] As graphically illustrated in Figure 906, these signals would be approximately equal in magnitude, assuming that object 904 is equally detected by each of the two detector elements (e.g., object 904 is located midway between the two field-of-view columns). An amplified signal would have twice the amplitude of each individual signal when summed, making object 904 much easier to detect. However, when one of the signals is subtracted from the other, as is the case with differential amplification, the signal is largely canceled out, rendering this type of amplification ineffective for this scenario. Accordingly, a person skilled in the art would recognize that the use of summation would have a significant impact on motion detection for objects detected by two detector elements with the same polarity.

[0091] As shown graphically in Figure 908, each of the signals for the element pairs can be made positive and added to obtain an amplified signal that is always positive. It should be noted that in this scenario, absolute value summation produces a signal opposite to the signal generated using summation mentioned above. Accordingly, absolute value summation would also have a significant impact on motion detection for objects detected by two detector elements with the same polarity.

[0092] Fig. Figure 10 shows a first block diagram illustrating an example procedure for performing motion detection using a PIR detector according to embodiments. Process 1000 can be performed using any combination of analog or digital signal processing components. Examples of hardware components that can be used to perform Process 1000 are described below with respect to Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 described in more detail.

[0093] As mentioned elsewhere, an exemplary PIR detector may comprise two interconnected pairs of detector elements nested in such a way as to reduce gaps between the individual fields of view of these detector elements. Process 1000 is described in relation to such an exemplary PIR detector. In Process 1000, the first of the two interconnected pairs of detector elements is assigned to a first channel (Channel 1), and the second of the two interconnected pairs of detector elements is assigned to a second channel (Channel 2).

[0094] Process 1000 is described in terms of two parallel subprocesses. More precisely, the two subprocesses relate to signal processing using summation and signal processing using subtraction. Both subprocesses can be executed in real time (or near real time) when signals are generated from one or both channels 1 and 2. The individual steps of Process 1000 can be executed using analog or digital techniques.

[0095] In the first part of the process, the signals received from both channels are summed at 1002. This can involve adding the two signals to obtain an output signal that represents the sum of the two signals. In some cases, the summing is performed using one or more analog circuits, such as a summing amplifier. In these cases, the signals generated by each of the channels are fed as input signals to the summing amplifier to generate the output signal. In other cases, the analog signals generated by each of channels 1 and 2 are each converted into a digital value, and these numerical values ​​are then added numerically.

[0096] In the second part of the process, the signals received from both channels are subtracted at 1004. This can involve subtracting one signal from the other to obtain an output signal representing the difference between the two signals. In some cases, the subtraction is performed using one or more analog circuits, such as a differential amplifier. In these cases, the signals generated by each channel are fed as input signals to the differential amplifier to generate the output signal.

[0097] In 1006 (A and B), the data generated from the signal can be subjected to one or more noise filtering techniques. In embodiments, noise in a signal can be detected when a current data value exceeds a first threshold and a slope (e.g., rate of change) for the signal over a certain period (or an absolute value for the slope) does not exceed a threshold value. If it is determined that (provided that a value associated with the signal is non-zero) the slope does not exceed the threshold value (or is less than or equal to it), a reference value can be established to reset or zero out the signal or the data generated from the signal, or to use it for comparison or to calculate adjusted values.

[0098] In 1008 (A and B), the signal can be subjected to one or more motion detection techniques. This can involve comparing a data value generated for the signal (or an absolute value associated with such a value) to at least one detection threshold. If the value (or absolute value) is greater than (or greater than or equal to) a detection threshold, an indication is generated that a motion detection event has occurred. Otherwise, if the value (or absolute value) is less than (or less than or equal to) the detection threshold, the process continues to repeat. In some cases, the indication that a motion detection event has occurred can be a binary output. For example, the subprocess can output a "zero" while no motion detection event is occurring and a "one" while the motion detection event is occurring.

[0099] In some cases, Process 1000 can use two different detection thresholds, one positive and one negative. In such cases, a motion detection event can be recognized when one of the detection thresholds is exceeded. For example, if a measured value is greater than a positive detection threshold or less than a negative detection threshold, a motion detection event can be identified.

[0100] At 1010, the results of the two subprocesses can be combined to determine whether a motion detection event has occurred. In some embodiments, this may involve the use of a logic gate, such as an "OR" gate, to determine whether either subprocess has resulted in a motion detection event. If either subprocess has resulted in a motion detection event, a motion detection notification can be transmitted to at least one other electronic component.

[0101] Fig. Figure 11 shows a second block diagram illustrating an example procedure for performing motion detection using a PIR detector according to embodiments. Process 1100 can be performed using any combination of analog or digital signal processing components. Examples of hardware components that can be used to perform Process 1100 are described in conjunction with Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 described in more detail below.

[0102] In the 1102 (AD) configuration, one or more detector elements can generate a signal representing potential motion. A circuit monitoring the detector element can be configured to wake up at intervals and sample the signal (e.g., voltage) generated by the detector element. This signal can then be sampled at regular intervals to generate a motion signal.

[0103] At 1104 (A - D), one or more noise filtering techniques can be applied to the signal. This can determine whether a slope associated with a predetermined time period exceeds a slope threshold. If the slope (or its absolute value) exceeds the threshold within the time period, the signal may represent a potential motion detection event. However, if the slope does not exceed the threshold within the time period, the signal may be identified as noise (e.g., noise accumulation). Accordingly, noise filtering at 1104 may involve zeroing out this noise using an offset or reference value. It is important to note that the slope can be monitored so that the signal is not zeroed out if it exceeds the slope threshold at any point.

[0104] In process 1106, signals from the various detector elements can be added. In some cases, the signal generated for two channels can be summed. Additionally, process 1100 can further include determining an absolute value for the respective signals and summing all these absolute values ​​into a single value.

[0105] After generating a value representing an absolute summation of the signals produced by the detector elements, a motion detection event can be determined in 1108 based on this value. In embodiments, this can include determining whether the value exceeds a detection threshold. In some cases, the determination can be based on whether certain values ​​exceed the detection threshold for at least a predetermined number of consecutive values ​​or for a predetermined duration.

[0106] Fig. Figure 12 shows a first example of components that can be included in a motion detection system to implement the described techniques according to the embodiments. More precisely, it shows Fig. 12 an example that uses analog signal processing components, in particular summing amplifiers and differential amplifiers.

[0107] The illustrated example is such that it receives signals from two separate PIR detectors (a right PIR detector and a left PIR detector), which may be horizontally oriented. In embodiments, these two PIR detectors can correspond to PIR detector 1 and PIR detector 2, which are used to generate a motion sensor field of view, as shown in Fig. Figure 5B illustrates this. Additionally, the example shown is depicted receiving signals from two different channels for each of the respective PIR detectors (Channel 1 and Channel 2). As mentioned elsewhere, each “channel” can represent a connected pair of detector elements with opposite polarity. Accordingly, Channel 1 and Channel 2 can correspond to separate pairs of connected detector elements within the PIR detector, as shown in Figure 5B. Fig. 10 mentioned above.

[0108] As shown, each of the channels for the PIR detectors can be connected to amplifier components 1202 and 1204 (A and B for the different PIR detectors, respectively). In one exemplary embodiment, the amplifier component can be an operational amplifier.

[0109] The amplifier components can include a summing amplifier 1202 (A - B) and a differential amplifier 1204 (A - B). In a summing amplifier circuit, the output voltage (V) out ) proportional to the sum of the input voltages (signals), such as V1, which is received as input from channel 1, and V2, which is received as input from channel 2 of one of the PIR detectors.

[0110] A differential amplifier (also known as a differential amplifier) ​​1204 can use a combination of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers that utilize a negative feedback connection to control the differential voltage gain. In a differential amplifier 1204 (A - B), the output voltage (V) out ) proportional to the difference in input voltages (signals), such as V1, which is received as input from channel 1, and V2, which is received as input from channel 2 of one of the PIR detectors.

[0111] The signal resulting from each amplifier can be fed to a 1206 microcontroller unit (MCU) for the PIR sensor. The MCU is an integrated circuit (IC) comprising a processor unit and memory modules. The 1206 MCU is capable of executing program instructions stored in its non-volatile memory module to perform at least some of the functions described here.

[0112] In some embodiments, each of the amplifiers 1202 and 1204 can implement an input offset that can be used to reset or zero out a signal generated by that amplifier.

[0113] The signals received at the PIR-MCU 1206 can be received via a multiplexer (MUX) 1208.

[0114] In some embodiments, the PIR-MCU can convert analog signals into digital data. The PIR-MCU may include an analog-to-digital converter 1210.

[0115] In exemplary embodiments, the MCU 1206 may include software and / or an integrated circuit configured to filter noise from a signal. As mentioned elsewhere, a potential problem when using PIR detectors for motion detection is that drift or noise can accumulate in a signal generated by the PIR detector. In systems that use a detection threshold for motion detection, such accumulation can cause the amplitude of a generated signal to exceed this detection threshold, even though it would not have exceeded the detection threshold without the accumulation. Accordingly, this accumulation can lead to false positives when used in motion detection. To prevent such false positives, the MCU 1206 may include a filter circuit and / or a filter software module 1212.

[0116] In embodiments, the filter hardware or software is configured to determine a slope (e.g., rate of change) associated with a portion of a signal generated by each of the amplifiers. According to one or more preferred implementations, the slope calculation is performed after it has been determined that a current value of a signal generated using an ADC exceeds a first threshold. In some cases, the slope may be a mean average slope value for the signal over a predetermined preceding period. In other cases, the slope may be calculated from a first value for the signal at a first time T1 and a second value for the signal at a second time T2. For example, a slope for the signal may be estimated as the difference between the first and second values ​​divided by the time difference between time T1 and time T2.

[0117] Once a slope for the signal has been determined, this slope (or an absolute value for this slope) is compared to a slope threshold to determine whether the signal is associated with potential motion or noise. If the slope (or absolute value) is greater than the slope threshold, the signal can be determined to be associated with a potential motion detection event. Motion detection module

[0118] However, if the calculated slope does not exceed the slope threshold, it can be determined that the signal is likely associated with noise. In this scenario, the 1212 filter module can be configured to reset or zero out the signal to eliminate accumulated noise. To this end, the filter circuit can determine an average value for the signal over a predetermined period and adjust the signal based on this average. The signal can be reset or zeroed using analog or digital signal conditioning techniques.

[0119] In an example of a signal-zeroing technique using analog signal matching, the filter module 1212 can supply an offset signal to one or more of the amplifiers 1202 (A - B) or 1204 (A - B) based on this average value. The offset signal can specify a voltage by which the signals generated by a PIR detector should be adjusted so that the average value of the signal received at the filter module 1212 is zero. In some cases, the filter module can maintain a rolling offset value, which represents an overall voltage offset to be applied to a particular amplifier. In these cases, when the filter module 1212 detects noise in the signal, it can adjust the rolling offset value based on the determined average value for the signal.A rolling offset value maintained by the filter module 1212 can be provided to a respective amplifier as an offset signal on a constant (or semi-constant) basis.

[0120] In an example of a signal zeroing technique using digital signal matching, the 1212 filter module can simply adjust (e.g., decrease or increase) a value determined based on the signal so that it averages to zero over a specified period. In some cases, this may involve determining an average value of the signal over the period and subtracting this average value for each point in the signal over that period.

[0121] Once the noise has been filtered out of the signal, this signal is forwarded to a motion detection module 1214. The motion detection module 1214 can be configured to detect a motion detection event based on the received signal. In some embodiments, a motion detection event is recognized when a value for the signal is found to have exceeded a detection threshold. It should be noted that the sensitivity of the motion sensor, which includes the MCU 1206, can be adjusted by setting the detection threshold, so that a lower detection threshold results in higher sensitivity to motion, but also carries a higher risk of false positives. However, it should also be noted that the introduction of improved noise filtering (e.g.,The filter module 1212 can significantly reduce the risk of false-positive results. Accordingly, by implementing the filter module 1212 together with the motion detection module 1214, the detection threshold can be lowered, making the motion sensor more sensitive to movements that would otherwise not be easily detectable (e.g., the movement of an object towards the motion sensor), without the typical disadvantages of lowering the detection threshold (e.g., an increased risk of false-positive results).

[0122] The motion detection module 1214 is configured to generate a motion detection notification each time a signal value exceeds the detection threshold. When such a motion detection notification is generated, it is forwarded to at least one other electronic component. In the example shown, the motion detection notification is forwarded to a main MCU 1218, which can be an MCU for a device in which the PIR detector is installed.

[0123] Fig. Figure 13 shows a second example of components that can be included in a motion detection system to implement the described techniques according to embodiments. More precisely, it shows Fig. 13 is an example of hardware components on which the majority of signal processing can be performed using digital signal processing components.

[0124] Similar to the first example, which relates to Fig. As described in section 11 above, the second example shown is depicted as receiving signals from two separate PIR detectors (a left PIR detector and a right PIR detector), which can be horizontally oriented. The example is shown as receiving signals from two different channels on each of the respective PIR detectors (channel 1 and channel 2).

[0125] The system can include a multiplexer (MUX) 1304. The MUX 1304 can supply an analog output signal to an ADC 1306 for conversion into a digital signal.

[0126] As in the first example, which relates to Fig. As described in section 12 above, the signals of the second example can be subjected to both summation and subtraction. However, since the signals have been converted into digital signals, such operations can also be performed digitally in a software module configured to carry out such amplification (e.g., amplification module 1308).

[0127] Similar to the first one in Fig. In the example described in 12, the filter module 1310 is configured to perform recentering or zeroing on the basis of a specific slope associated with a portion of each of the signals generated by the gain module 1308.

[0128] The motion detection module 1312 can be configured to detect a motion detection event.

[0129] The motion detection module 1312 is configured to generate a motion detection notification each time a signal value exceeds the detection threshold. When such a motion detection notification is generated, it is forwarded to at least one other electronic component. In the example shown, the motion detection notification is forwarded to a main MCU 1214, which can be an MCU for a device in which the PIR detector is installed.

[0130] Fig.Figure 14 shows another exemplary architecture according to one or more preferred implementations, in which an integrated circuit component is used for each channel of each of the two detectors. The digital data generated by the integrated circuit components based on input signals from the channels are transferred to a microcontroller of a PIR detector, e.g., for processing as described herein.

[0131] According to one or more implementations, these integrated circuit components or a microcontroller are configured to perform peak detection on data representing a signal, where, for example, a peak might be detected based on the finding that a change over time has reversed its sign, or based on the finding that a certain difference between a highest (or lowest) stored value and a current value exceeds a threshold. According to one or more implementations, data for detected peaks are used for processing as described herein, while according to one or more preferred implementations, all sampled values ​​for a signal are used for processing as described herein.According to one or more implementations, an integrated circuit component searches for a configured number of spikes above a threshold and then begins to poll at a higher rate, sending all sampled values ​​to a microcontroller for processing.

[0132] The foregoing invention is described with reference to specific examples; however, it is understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to these specific examples. Since other modifications and changes adapted to particular operating requirements and environments are obvious to those skilled in the art, the invention is not considered to be limited to the example selected for disclosure and includes all changes and modifications that do not represent a departure from the actual spirit and scope of this invention.

[0133] Although the application describes embodiments with specific structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be noted that the claims are not necessarily limited to the described specific features or actions. Rather, the specific features and actions merely serve to illustrate some embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims. SAMPLE CLAUSES

[0134] A. Electronic device comprising a camera and a first, second, third, and fourth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the second pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, and wherein the third pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements. The electronic device further comprises a first integrated circuit component electrically coupled to the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, and a second integrated circuit component electrically coupled to the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements.The electronic device further comprises one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media storing processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, including: determining a first absolute value based on first data received from the first integrated circuit component, determining a second absolute value based on second data received from the second integrated circuit component, determining a first sum value based on the first absolute value and the second absolute value, comparing the first sum value with a first threshold value, and, based on comparing the first sum value with the first threshold value, generating image data using the camera.

[0135] B. The electronic device from Example A, wherein the electronic device further comprises a wireless communication component and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising: sending an alert to a remote system based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value.

[0136] C. Electronic device comprising a wireless communication component and a first, second, third, and fourth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the second pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, and wherein the third pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements. The electronic device further comprises one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media storing processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, including: receiving first data generated on the basis of the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, receiving second data,which were generated on the basis of the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element, determining a first absolute value based on the first data, determining a second absolute value based on the second data, determining a first sum value based on the first absolute value and the second absolute value, comparing the first sum value with a first threshold value and, based on comparing the first sum value with the first threshold value, sending third data using the wireless communication component.

[0137] D. The electronic device from Example C, wherein the electronic device comprises a fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the sixth pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the fifth pyroelectric sensor element and the seventh pyroelectric sensor element, and wherein the seventh pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the sixth pyroelectric sensor element and the eighth pyroelectric sensor element.

[0138] E. The electronic device from Example C, wherein the electronic device comprises a first integrated circuit component coupled to the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, and a second integrated circuit component coupled to the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements.

[0139] F. The electronic device from Example C, wherein the electronic device comprises a first integrated circuit component coupled to the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements via a first line and to the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements via a second line.

[0140] G. The electronic device from Example C, wherein the electronic device comprises a first integrated circuit component coupled to the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, wherein the first integrated circuit component comprises a first analog-to-digital converter, a second integrated circuit component coupled to the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements, wherein the second integrated circuit component comprises a second analog-to-digital converter, a control unit coupled to the first integrated circuit component and the second integrated circuit component, wherein the control unit comprises the one or more computer-readable media.

[0141] H. The electronic device from Example C, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: generating image data using the camera based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value.

[0142] I. The electronic device from Example C, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: turning on the camera based on comparing the first sum value with the first threshold value.

[0143] J. The electronic device from Example C, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: modifying a configuration setting of the camera based on comparing the first sum value with the first threshold value.

[0144] K. Electronic device comprising a wireless communication component and a first, second, third, and fourth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the second pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, and wherein the third pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements. The electronic device further comprises one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media storing processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, including: receiving initial data generated at an initial time based on the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements,from an integrated circuit component, receiving second data generated at a second time point based on the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, wherein the second time point is after the first time point, determining a slope value based on the first and second data points, comparing the slope value with a first threshold value, determining an offset value based on the second data points, receiving third data generated at a third time point based on the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements from an integrated circuit component, wherein the third time point is after the second time point, receiving fourth data points,which were generated on the basis of the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element, by an integrated circuit component, sending event data using the wireless communication component based on the third data, the fourth data and the offset value.

[0145] L. The electronic device from Example K, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations which, based on the third data, the fourth data and the offset value, include generating image data using the camera or turning on the camera.

[0146] M. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising: determining a first value based on the third data and the offset value, determining a second value based on the first value and the fourth data, and comparing the second value with a second threshold, wherein the transmission of the event data is based on comparing the second value with the second threshold.

[0147] N. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising: determining a first value based on the third data and the offset value, determining a second value based on the fourth data, determining a third value that is an absolute value of the first value, determining a fourth value that is an absolute value of the second value, determining a fifth value based on adding the third value and the fourth value and comparing the fifth value with a second threshold, wherein the transmission of the event data is based on the comparison of the fifth value with the second threshold.

[0148] O. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising: determining a first value based on the second data, comparing the first value with a second threshold, and wherein determining the slope value is based on comparing the first value with the second threshold. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 18 / 345,202

[0001]

Claims

[1] Electronic device, comprising: a camera; a first, second, third and fourth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the second pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the first pyroelectric sensor element and the third pyroelectric sensor element, and wherein the third pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element; a first integrated circuit component that is electrically coupled to the first pyroelectric sensor element and the third pyroelectric sensor element; a second integrated circuit component that is electrically coupled to the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element; one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media that store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Determining an initial absolute value based on initial data received from the first integrated circuit component, Determining a second absolute value based on second data received from the second integrated circuit component, Determining a first sum value based on the first absolute value and the second absolute value, Comparing the first total value with a first threshold value and Generating image data using the camera based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value. [2] Electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device further comprises a wireless communication component and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Sending a warning to a remote system based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value. [3] Electronic device, comprising: a wireless communication component; a first, second, third and fourth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the second pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the first pyroelectric sensor element and the third pyroelectric sensor element, and wherein the third pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element; one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media that store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Receiving initial data generated based on the first pyroelectric sensor element and the third pyroelectric sensor element, Receiving second data generated on the basis of the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element, Determining an initial absolute value based on the first data, Determining a second absolute value based on the second data set, Determining a first sum value based on the first absolute value and the second absolute value, Comparing the first total value with a first threshold value and, Sending third-party data using the wireless communication component based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value. [4] Electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic device comprises a fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the sixth pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the fifth pyroelectric sensor element and the seventh pyroelectric sensor element and wherein the seventh pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the sixth pyroelectric sensor element and the eighth pyroelectric sensor element. [5] Electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic device comprises a first integrated circuit component coupled to the first and third pyroelectric sensor element and a second integrated circuit component coupled to the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor element. [6] Electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic device comprises a first integrated circuit component which is coupled to the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements via a first line and to the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements via a second line. [7] Electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic device a first integrated circuit component coupled to the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements, wherein the first integrated circuit component includes a first analog-to-digital converter, a second integrated circuit component coupled to the second and fourth pyroelectric sensor elements, wherein the second integrated circuit component comprises a second analog-to-digital converter, a control unit coupled to the first integrated circuit component and the second integrated circuit component, wherein the control unit comprises one or more computer-readable media. [8] Electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Generating image data using the camera based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value. [9] Electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: The camera is switched on based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value. [10] Electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Modifying a camera configuration setting based on comparing the first total value with the first threshold value. [11] Electronic device, comprising: a wireless communication component; a first, second, third and fourth pyroelectric sensor element, wherein the second pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the first pyroelectric sensor element and the third pyroelectric sensor element, and wherein the third pyroelectric sensor element is arranged between the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element; one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media that store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Receiving initial data generated at an initial time based on the first pyroelectric sensor element and the third pyroelectric sensor element from an integrated circuit component, Receiving second data generated at a second time based on the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements by an integrated circuit component, where the second point in time is after the first point in time, Determining a slope value based on the first data and the second data, Comparing the slope value with a first threshold value, Determining an offset value based on the second data, taking into account the comparison of the slope value with the first threshold value, Receiving third-party data generated at a third time based on the first and third pyroelectric sensor elements from an integrated circuit component, where the third point in time is after the second point in time, Receiving fourth data generated on the basis of the second pyroelectric sensor element and the fourth pyroelectric sensor element from an integrated circuit component, Sending event data using the wireless communication component based on the third data, the fourth data and the offset value. [12] Electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the electronic device comprises a camera and wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations which, based on the third data, the fourth data and the offset value, include generating image data using the camera or turning on the camera. [13] Electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Determining a first value based on the third data and the offset value, Determining a second value based on the first value and the fourth data and Comparing the second value with a second threshold value, where the sending of the event data is based on comparing the second value with the second threshold. [14] Electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Determining a first value based on the third data and the offset value, Determining a second value based on the fourth data point, Determining a third value that represents an absolute value of the first value, Determining a fourth value that represents an absolute value of the second value, Determining a fifth value based on adding the third and fourth values ​​and Comparing the fifth value with a second threshold value, where the sending of the event data is based on the comparison of the fifth value with the second threshold. [15] Electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the one or more computer-readable media store processor-executable instructions which, when executed using the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations, comprising: Determining a first value based on the second data, Comparing the first value with a second threshold and where determining the slope value is based on comparing the first value with the second threshold.

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