SIMULATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE MIGRATION, ACCUMULATION AND RESERVOIR FORMATION OF OIL AND GAS

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas production, in particular a simulation device and a method for the migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas. The simulation device comprises a vessel with a limiting pressure port arranged on a side wall and a limiting pressure sleeve arranged coaxially within the vessel with a gap between them, wherein a rock sample is placed within the limiting pressure sleeve. An external sealing unit is arranged between an annular space between the vessel and the limiting pressure sleeve and is configured to expand radially under axial pressure, thereby improving the sealing performance.Pressure is applied via the limiting pressure port to the annular space between the vessel and the limiting pressure sleeve, causing the sleeve to deform and exert a radial limiting pressure on the rock sample. The device further comprises an end connector located at an axial end of the vessel and configured to axially compress the outer sealing unit and the rock sample.

Description

Cross-reference to related patent applications

[0001] The present application claims priority over Chinese patent application No. 202310852940.2 entitled “A simulation experimental device and method for deep oil and gas migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation”, which was filed on July 12, 2023, and the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas production, in particular a simulation device and a method for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas. Technical background

[0003] As the exploration and development of mid- to shallow-lying oil and gas deposits continue to improve, discovering oil and gas becomes increasingly difficult. Consequently, the exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas deposits is receiving growing attention. However, traditional theories of petroleum geology are insufficient to adequately explain the diversity of oil and gas formation, conservation mechanisms, and reservoir formation in deep and ultra-deep high-temperature and high-pressure systems, as well as the complexity of oil and gas sources, migration, and accumulation.In fundamental theoretical research on petroleum geology and technological innovation for exploration and development, simulation, as a specialized method, covers all phases of basin formation, hydrocarbon production, and reservoir formation, and plays a crucial role in advancing fundamental research on the origin, ejection, migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas at great depths. For the complex oil and gas reservoir formation processes occurring beneath deep layers, high temperatures, and high pressures, simulation technology is an important technical method for forward modeling and verification.

[0004] CN109211746A discloses a device for simulating oil and gas migration under geological conditions, comprising a hydrocarbon generation system and an oil and gas migration system. The hydrocarbon generation system includes a hydrocarbon generation boiler, an electric heating furnace, and a high-pressure liquid vessel, one end of which is equipped with a high-pressure metering pump for injecting high-pressure liquid into the hydrocarbon generation boiler, as well as a hydraulic device. The oil and gas migration system includes a hydrocarbon discharge and migration device, a tube furnace arranged around the hydrocarbon discharge and migration device for heating it, and a pneumatic valve for collecting it.This instrument can more realistically simulate the migration of oil and gas under geological conditions, and the parameters obtained are more scientific and reasonable, providing an effective method for research into oil and gas migration, production volume, and resource prediction. Although this instrument can perform simulation experiments on hydrocarbon production and ejection under geological conditions with formation lithostatic pressure, temperature, and fluid pressure, the hydrocarbon generation boiler lacks a limiting pressure structure for the rock core. Therefore, it cannot perform simulation experiments on the migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas at great and extreme depths under conditions of 500 °C temperature, 250 MPa formation lithostatic pressure, 120 MPa limiting pressure, and 100 MPa fluid pressure.

[0005] Existing core holders are equipped with limiting pressure structures, but due to limitations in terms of structure and materials, they can only achieve a limiting pressure of up to 30 MPa and withstand a maximum temperature of 180 °C, which does not meet the pressure requirements for deep and ultra-deep simulation tests. Although the maximum pressure and temperature that the limiting pressure structure can withstand can be improved by replacing the rubber material with metal in existing core holders, this introduces several technical problems, such as poor sealing, uneven stress distribution within the limiting pressure structure, and similar issues.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simulation device for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas that can solve the aforementioned technical problems. Brief description of the invention

[0007] To solve the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a simulation device for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas, which is capable of providing rock samples that meet the requirements for deep and ultradeep simulation tests with limiting pressure, radial pressure and fluid pressure.

[0008] The present invention further proposes a simulation method for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas using the aforementioned simulation device, which is capable of providing rock samples that meet the requirements for deep and ultradeep simulation tests with limiting pressure, radial pressure and fluid pressure.

[0009] The simulation device according to the invention comprises a vessel with a limiting pressure port arranged on a side wall; a flexible limiting pressure sleeve arranged inside the vessel, wherein a rock sample is inserted into the limiting pressure sleeve; a flow guide and fastening sleeve arranged between the vessel and the limiting pressure sleeve; several first flow guide holes provided axially in the flow guide and fastening sleeve, the inner and outer radial sides of which connect to each other; an outer sealing unit arranged between the flow guide and fastening sleeve and the vessel; and an end connector arranged at an axial end of the vessel and configured to axially compress the outer sealing unit and the rock sample.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the outer sealing unit comprises a convex sealing ring and a concave sealing ring which engage axially with each other, wherein a tip of the convex sealing ring and a recess of the concave sealing ring are shaped complementarily to engage with each other.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the outer sealing unit further comprises a high-temperature resistant sealing ring, wherein the convex sealing ring and the concave sealing ring are arranged on each axial side of the high-temperature resistant sealing ring.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, a support sleeve is arranged between the flow guidance and fastening sleeve and the boiler, wherein two axial ends of the support sleeve each abut two outer sealing assemblies of the outer sealing unit and at least one second radially extending flow guidance hole is provided in the support sleeve, which is connected to the first flow guidance hole.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the support sleeve comprises a sleeve body and abutting sections formed at both axial ends of the sleeve body, wherein radial gaps are formed between the sleeve body and the flow guide and fastening sleeve, as well as between the sleeve body and the boiler.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the second flow-guiding holes are arranged in the sleeve body, and the rock sample is arranged within a length range of the sleeve body.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the end connector comprises an upper pressure sleeve arranged at an upper axial end of the vessel, wherein the upper pressure sleeve is configured to extend to a position between the vessel and the flow guide and mounting sleeve and rests axially against the outer sealing unit.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, the end connector comprises an outer pressure sleeve arranged in a lowerable axial end of the vessel, wherein the outer pressure sleeve is configured to bear axially against the vessel, the outer sealing unit and the flow guide and fastening sleeve.

[0017] In one specific embodiment, the end connector includes a pressure rod for axially compressing the rock sample.

[0018] In one specific embodiment, an inner sealing assembly, configured to expand radially under axial pressure, is arranged on the push rod.

[0019] In one specific embodiment, an inner pressure sleeve, configured to exert axial pressure on the inner sealing assembly and the push rod, is arranged on the push rod.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, an axially extending channel through the pressure rod is provided inside the pressure rod, and a filter film is arranged between the pressure rod and the rock sample.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises a frame, wherein a positioning column for contacting the upper pressure sleeve of the end connector is arranged on an upper section of the frame and a pressure mechanism for contacting the outer pressure sleeve of the end connector is arranged on a lower section of the frame.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, the pressure mechanism comprises an inner upper column and an outer upper column, which are arranged coaxially and slidably around the inner upper column, wherein the inner upper column rests against the inner pressure sleeve of the end connector and the outer upper column rests against its outer pressure sleeve.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder are attached to the lower part of the frame, with a telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder resting against the outer upper column and a telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder resting against the inner upper column.

[0024] According to the invention, a simulation system for the migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas is further provided, comprising a heating chamber; the simulation device according to the invention, which is arranged within the heating chamber; and a migration and accumulation assembly configured to circulate fluid consisting of oil, gas, and water products to the rock sample. Both ends of the migration and accumulation assembly are connected to the respective ends of the rock sample. The migration and accumulation assembly includes a collection vessel and an outlet vessel connected in series. The collection vessel is connected to a sloping end of the rock sample, and the outlet vessel is connected to an upper end of the rock sample. The outlet vessel and the collection vessel are configured to inject oil, gas, and water fluids, as well as formation water, into the rock sample.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the migration and accumulation assembly further includes at least one of the following elements: a microsampler connected to the outlet vessel; a generation assembly connected to the migration and accumulation assembly; a fluid injection assembly connected in parallel to the outlet vessel; and a collection and separation assembly connected in series with the fluid injection assembly.

[0026] According to the present invention, an experimental method for simulating the migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas in deep layers is further provided, which is implemented on the basis of the simulation device according to the invention and comprises the steps of: applying an axial pressure and a limiting pressure to the rock sample and heating it; injecting formation water into the rock sample; injecting oil, gas, and water into the sample and allowing the liquid to flow through it; and going through a cycle of oil injection, migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation in the sample.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, the experimental method for simulating the migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas in deep layers comprises the following steps. An axial pressure of at least 250 MPa and a confining pressure of at least 120 MPa are applied to the rock sample, and the rock sample is heated to at least 500 °C. Formation water is injected into the sample at a pressure of at least 100 MPa. The fluid, consisting of oil, gas, and water, is injected into the sample and can flow through it, thereby completing a cycle of oil and gas injection, migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation within the sample.

[0028] Compared to the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages.

[0029] The simulation device according to the invention for the migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas comprises a boiler and a pressure-limiting sleeve arranged inside the boiler. The pressure-limiting sleeve is made of flexible metal to accommodate the rock sample and to simulate a high-temperature environment exceeding 500 °C. During operation, pressure is applied to an annular space between the boiler and the pressure-limiting sleeve, thereby exerting a limiting pressure on the rock sample contained therein via the pressure-limiting sleeve.

[0030] In the present invention, first flow guiding holes are provided in the flow guiding and fastening sleeve, which can send the pressure from the limiting pressure port evenly to the limiting pressure sleeve, so that the limiting pressure sleeve can be loaded evenly along the axial direction.

[0031] To achieve a limiting pressure of 120 MPa, the present invention provides an outer sealing unit that can expand radially under axial pressure, thereby reinforcing the seal between the vessel and the limiting pressure sleeve. The end fitting of the present invention, located at the end of the vessel, comprises a push rod, a conical inner pressure sleeve, and an inner sealing assembly. Fluid can be injected into the rock sample through the channel in the push rod. The end fitting can provide axial pressure for the outer sealing unit, the rock sample, and the inner sealing assembly, thus ensuring sealing effectiveness when the rock sample is subjected to a formation lithostatic pressure of 250 MPa, a limiting pressure of 120 MPa, and a fluid pressure of 100 MPa.

[0032] The simulation system for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas according to the invention can perform simulation experiments on the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas at great and extremely great depths under conditions of a temperature of 500 °C, a formation lithostatic pressure of 250 MPa, a limiting pressure of 120 MPa and a fluid pressure of 100 MPa. Brief description of the drawings

[0033] The present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a simulation system according to the invention for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas. Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows an embodiment of a simulation device according to the invention for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas. Fig. Figure 3 schematically shows a lower section of the simulation device according to the invention.

[0034] The drawings show: 10: Simulation system for the migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation of oil and gas; 100: Generation assembly; 101: Hydraulic station; 102: Generation reactor; 103: Generation temperature control; 104: Seal pressure control; 105: Lithostatic pressure control; 106: Microcontrol pressure control; 107: Microcontrol pump; 108: Microcontrol valve; 109: Injection valve; 110: Generation furnace; 111: Injection pressure control; 200: Migration and accumulation assembly; 201: Outlet pressure control; 202: Outlet valve; 203: Outlet reservoir; 204: Outlet pump valve; 205: Hydrocarbon outlet pump pressure control; 206: Outlet pump; 207: Microsampling valve; 208: Microsampler; 209: Rapid sampler connection; 210: Sampling pump valve; 211: Sampling pressure control; 212: Sampling metering pump; 213: Migration valve; 214: Hydraulic station for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation; 215: First pressure control;216: Second pressure control; 217: Micro control valve; 218: Micro control pressure control; 219: Micro control pump; 220: Simulation device for the migration, enrichment, and reservoir formation of oil and gas; 221: Temperature control; 222: Heating chamber; 223: Inlet pressure control; 224: Limiting pressure follow-up pump; 225: Intermediate limiting pressure vessel; 226: Limiting pressure control; 227: Limiting pressure valve; 228: Outlet pressure control; 229: Migration circulation valve; 230: Collection tank; 231: Collection tank valve; 232: Collection pressure control; 233: Collection pump; 234: Outlet circulation valve; 235: Diverter valve; 236: Circulation valve; 300: Fluid injection assembly; 301: Solvent pump; 302: Solvent pump valve; 303: Solvent refill valve; 304: Intermediate solvent reservoir; 305: Solvent valve; 306: Water injection pump; 307: Water injection valve; 308: Water refill valve; 309: Intermediate water injection reservoir; 310: Water injection valve;311: Vent valve; 312: Gas injection valve; 313: Gas cylinder; 314: Vacuum valve; 315: Vacuum pump; 316: Vacuum pressure control; 317: Buffer dehydrator; 400: Gas-liquid collection and separation assembly; 401: Collection valve; 402: Gas-liquid separator; 403: Separation valve; 404: Gas pressure control; 405: Gas collection tank; 406: Gas collection pump; 407: Gas dryer; 408: Pressure reducing valve; 409: Collection vacuum valve; 410: Automatic gas meter; 411: Sampling vacuum valve; 412: Gas sampling valve; 413: Sampling device; 501: Frame; 502: Pressure mechanism; 510: Portal top plate; 511: upper positioning column; 513: sliding upper plate; 514: portal lower plate; 515: first hydraulic cylinder; 517: second hydraulic cylinder; 518: inner upper column; 519: outer upper column; 520: upper outer sealing assembly; 521: lower outer sealing assembly; 522: upper inner sealing assembly; 523: lower inner sealing assembly; 600: end fitting; 601: upper pressure sleeve;602: inner pressure sleeve; 603: upper convex sealing ring; 604: upper concave sealing ring; 605: high-temperature resistant sealing ring; 606: lower concave sealing ring; 607: lower convex sealing ring; 608: liquid inlet line; 609: upper pressure rod; 610: liquid inlet channel; 611: upper filter film; 613: support sleeve; 6131: sleeve body; 6132: abutting section; 614: flow guide and fixing sleeve; 615: rock sample; 616: vessel; 617: temperature measuring connection; 618: limiting pressure connection; 619: lower filter film; 620: limiting pressure sleeve; 621: lower pressure rod; 622: outer pressure sleeve; 623: inner pressure sleeve; 624: Mounting ring; 625: Liquid outlet channel; 626: Liquid outlet line; 627: First flow guide hole; 628: Second flow guide hole; 629: Temperature sensor; 6221: Outer body; 6222: Flange; 6231: Inner body; 6232: Recessed flange.

[0035] In the present application, all the accompanying drawings are schematic representations provided solely to illustrate the principle of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Detailed description of the embodiments

[0036] The present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] It should be noted that in the present invention, directional terms or expressions such as "top", "bottom", etc. are defined with reference to the accompanying drawings. The aforementioned terms are not intended to restrict the absolute positions of the components involved, but may vary depending on the specific circumstances. Fig. Figure 1 schematically shows the structure of a simulation system 10 according to the invention for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas, which comprises a simulation device 220 according to the invention for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas. Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows a setup of the simulation device 220 according to the invention. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the simulation device 220 comprises a boiler 616, a limiting pressure sleeve 620 and an end connector 600.

[0038] In this embodiment, the vessel 616 has a cylindrical shape with openings at both ends. A pressure relief port 618 on a side wall of the vessel 616 connects the outside to the inside of the vessel 616, so that pressure can be introduced into the vessel 616 through the pressure relief port 618.

[0039] The limiting pressure sleeve 620 is arranged coaxially within the vessel 616 with a gap between them. A rock sample 615 is placed inside the limiting pressure sleeve 620. According to the invention, an external sealing unit is arranged between the vessel 616 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620 to seal an annular space between the vessel 616 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620. The limiting pressure port 618 is connected to the annular space, allowing pressure to be introduced through the limiting pressure port 618 into the annular space between the vessel 616 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620. Therefore, the limiting pressure sleeve 620 is deformed to exert a radial limiting pressure on the rock sample 615.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 1, the limit pressure connection 618 is connected sequentially via pipelines to a limit pressure valve 227, a limit pressure controller 226, an intermediate limit pressure vessel 225, and a limit pressure booster pump 224. The limit pressure controller 226 is electrically connected to the limit pressure booster pump 224. The limit pressure controller 226 can measure the pressure within the pipelines and, based on these measurements, send electrical signals to the limit pressure booster pump 224 to adjust the pumping pressure of the limit pressure booster pump 224 and thereby regulate the limit pressure.

[0041] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the limiting pressure sleeve 620 is made of flexible metal. Preferably, the limiting pressure sleeve 620 can be made of gold or copper, etc.

[0042] The outer sealing unit can expand radially under axial pressure, thereby improving the sealing performance and increasing a pressure limit that can be withstood between the boiler 616 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620.

[0043] The end connector 600 is arranged at an axial end of the vessel 616. The end connector 600 is configured to axially compress both the outer sealing unit and the rock sample 615.

[0044] In this embodiment, the outer sealing unit includes an upper outer sealing assembly 520 and a lower outer sealing assembly 521, each arranged at both ends of the annular space between the boiler 616 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620.

[0045] The structures of the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 are similar. For clarity, the upper outer sealing assembly 520 is described below as an example. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the upper outer sealing assembly 520 comprises an upper convex sealing ring 603 and an upper concave sealing ring 604 which engage axially with each other.

[0046] In particular, one axial end of the upper convex sealing ring 603 is flat, and the other end is pointed, forming an essentially V-shaped structure. Furthermore, one axial end of the upper concave sealing ring 604 is flat, and the other end is grooved. In this way, the point of the upper convex sealing ring 603 fits into the groove of the upper concave sealing ring 604. During operation, the point of the upper convex sealing ring 603 is pressed into the groove of the upper concave sealing ring 604 under axial force, causing the upper concave sealing ring 604 to expand radially, thus increasing the seal between the vessel 616 and the containment pressure sleeve 620. Therefore, the maximum pressure that can be withstood between the vessel 616 and the containment pressure sleeve 620 can meet the containment pressure requirements of the rock sample 615 during the experiment.

[0047] Furthermore, the outer sealing unit includes a high-temperature-resistant sealing ring 605. In a preferred embodiment, the high-temperature-resistant sealing ring 605 is a graphite ring. The upper concave sealing ring 604 and the upper convex sealing ring 603 are arranged sequentially on an axial upper surface of the high-temperature-resistant sealing ring 605, while a lower concave sealing ring 606 and a lower convex sealing ring 607 are arranged sequentially on an axial recess therein. In other words, the flat ends of the upper concave sealing ring 604 and the lower concave sealing ring 606 abut the upper and lower end faces of the high-temperature-resistant sealing ring 605, respectively.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, a flow-guiding and mounting sleeve 614 is installed coaxially between the vessel 616 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620. The flow-guiding and mounting sleeve 614 is in contact with the limiting pressure sleeve 620, while the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 are arranged between the flow-guiding and mounting sleeve 614 and the vessel 616. Additionally, several first flow-guiding holes 627 are provided in the flow-guiding and mounting sleeve 614, connecting its inner and outer radial sides. The first flow-guiding holes 627 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the flow-guiding and mounting sleeve 614 to transmit the pressure from the limiting pressure port 618 evenly to the flow-guiding and mounting sleeve 614, so that the limiting pressure sleeve 620 is subjected to a uniform axial force.Under axial force, the rock sample 615 expands radially outwards within the limiting pressure sleeve 620 and exerts an outward radial force on the limiting pressure sleeve 620. The flow guide and fastening sleeve 614 can provide support for the limiting pressure sleeve 620, thereby preventing it from expanding radially outwards and thus increasing the pressure it must withstand in the simulation of the present invention.

[0049] According to the invention, a support sleeve 613 is further arranged between the flow-guiding and mounting sleeve 614 and the vessel 616. The two axial ends of the support sleeve 613 each abut the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521. At least one second flow-guiding hole 628 is provided in the support sleeve 613 to connect its inner and outer radial sides. The second flow-guiding hole 628 is at least partially aligned with the first flow-guiding holes 627 along the radial direction to transmit pressure. In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, several second flow-guiding holes 628 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction. When the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 are subjected to axial pressure, the support sleeve 613 can provide them with axial support.

[0050] Although there are fixtures in the field capable of exerting a limiting pressure, their limiting pressure structures are made of rubber, which cannot withstand temperatures up to 500 °C and therefore does not meet the experimental requirements. If the limiting pressure structures of such fixtures were made of a flexible metal material, a further problem would arise, namely an uneven force distribution along their axial direction. This is because, during the experiments, the fluid pressure injected via the limiting pressure port 618 between the vessel 616 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620 is typically between 80 MPa and 100 MPa and can reach up to 120 MPa. However, the physical properties of metal differ considerably from those of rubber.If the structures of the supports are adopted from the prior art, the pressure near the limiting pressure port 618 would be higher along the axial direction, while the pressure away from the limiting pressure port 618 would be lower, resulting in an uneven pressure distribution upstream and downstream of the limiting pressure sleeve 620.

[0051] In contrast, according to the invention, the flow guide and fastening sleeve 614 is installed between the limiting pressure sleeve 620 and the vessel 616. The multiple first flow guide holes 627 in the flow guide and fastening sleeve 614 are evenly distributed along the axial direction, thereby effectively preventing an uneven pressure distribution upstream and downstream of the limiting pressure sleeve 620.

[0052] It is readily understood that flexible metal material refers to a metal material that is deformable under the limiting pressure in the present invention and transmits the limiting pressure to the rock sample 615 by deformation. The specific compositions of such a flexible metal material are known to those skilled in the art. In this embodiment, the limiting pressure sleeve 620 supported by the flexible metal material can be a gold sleeve (for corrosion resistance) or a hardened copper sleeve.

[0053] Furthermore, the support sleeve 613 is arranged between the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614 and the boiler 616, and the second flow-guiding holes 628 are provided in the support sleeve 613. Additionally, gaps form between the inside of the support sleeve 613 and the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614, as well as between the outside of the support sleeve 613 and the boiler 616. Meanwhile, the multiple first flow-guiding holes 627 and second flow-guiding holes 628 are evenly distributed along the axial direction in the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614 and the support sleeve 613. In this way, the load on the limiting pressure sleeve 620 can be distributed more evenly along the axial direction.

[0054] In particular, the support sleeve 613 comprises, as shown in Fig. Figure 3 shows a sleeve body 6131 and two abutting sections 6132 formed at both axial ends of the sleeve body 6131. ​​The two abutting sections 6132 each abut the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521, respectively. The rock sample 615 is positioned within a region along the length of the sleeve body 6131. ​​The inner diameter of the sleeve body 6131 is larger than that of the abutting section 6132, and the outer diameter of the sleeve body 6131 is smaller than that of the abutting section 6132.In such a configuration, when the support sleeve 613 is arranged between the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614 and the boiler 616, the radial inner and outer surfaces of the abutting sections 6132 of the support sleeve 613 are in contact with the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614 and the boiler 616, while gaps are formed between the radial inner surface of the sleeve body 6131 and the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614, as well as between the radial outer surface of the sleeve body 6131 and the boiler 616. The second flow-guiding holes 628 are all formed in the sleeve body 6131.

[0055] The gaps formed on both the radial inner and radial outer surfaces of the sleeve body 6131 serve several functions. Firstly, these gaps can be used for pressure equalization, thus enabling a uniform pressure distribution on the limiting pressure sleeve 620 along the axial direction. Secondly, the second flow guide holes 628 on the support sleeve 613 do not need to be perfectly aligned with the first flow guide holes 627 on the flow guide and mounting sleeve 614. In this way, the pressure of the injected fluid can quickly act on the limiting pressure sleeve 620 to exert the limiting pressure on the rock sample 615, thereby reducing the difficulty of machining the components.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the end connector 600 comprises an upper pressure sleeve 601 and an outer pressure sleeve 622, each arranged at both axial ends of the boiler 616.

[0057] The upper pressure sleeve 601 is arranged at an upper end of the vessel 616, with a lower end of the upper pressure sleeve 601 extending to a position between the vessel 616 and the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614, bearing axially against an upper end face of the upper outer sealing assembly 520, while an upper end of the upper pressure sleeve 601 extends out of the vessel 616. The upper pressure sleeve 601 is configured to be movable relative to the vessel 616 along the axial direction. In a preferred embodiment, a section of the upper pressure sleeve 601 extending between the vessel 616 and the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve 614 is conical, serves as a guide, and reduces the machining accuracy requirements for the upper pressure sleeve 601.

[0058] The outer pressure sleeve 622 is arranged at a lowered end of the vessel 616 and is configured such that an upper end of the outer pressure sleeve 622 simultaneously rests axially against the vessel 616, the lower outer sealing assembly 521 and the flow guide and fastening sleeve 614.

[0059] In operation, the outer pressure sleeve 622 supports the vessel 616, the lower outer sealing assembly 521, and the flow guide and mounting sleeve 614, while the upper pressure sleeve 601 can lower relative to the vessel 616 and exerts a downward axial pressure on the upper outer sealing assembly 520, which in turn exerts a downward axial pressure on the lower outer sealing assembly 521 via the support sleeve 613. Meanwhile, the lower outer sealing assembly 521 is supported by an upward supporting force from the outer pressure sleeve 622. Ultimately, both the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 expand radially under the axial pressure, thereby increasing the seal between the vessel 616 and the flow guide and mounting sleeve 614.

[0060] According to the invention, the end connector 600 further comprises an upper pressure rod 609 and a lower pressure rod 621, which are arranged coaxially and slidably within the upper pressure sleeve 601 and the outer pressure sleeve 622, respectively. The lower end of the upper pressure rod 609 is configured to bear against the upper end of the rock sample 615, while the upper end of the lower pressure rod 621 is configured to bear against the lower end of the rock sample 615. Axial pressure can be exerted on the rock sample 615 by means of the upper pressure rod 609 and the lower pressure rod 621, thereby simulating the formation lithostatic pressure.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, both the upper pressure rod 609 and the lower pressure rod 621 enclose coaxially arranged large-diameter and small-diameter regions, the overall cross-sectional shape generally resembling a “T”. The large-diameter regions of the upper pressure rod 609 and the lower pressure rod 621 are arranged within the confining pressure sleeve 620 to bear against the rock sample 615, while the small-diameter regions of both the upper pressure rod 609 and the lower pressure rod 621 extend to an axial outer section of the confining pressure sleeve 620.

[0062] Furthermore, the end connector 600 includes an inner pressure sleeve 602 and an inner pressure sleeve 623. The inner pressure sleeve 602 is coaxially and slidably pushed onto the small-diameter area of ​​the upper pressure rod 609, while the inner pressure sleeve 623 is coaxially and slidably pushed onto the small-diameter area of ​​the lower pressure rod 621.

[0063] A lowered end of the inner pressure sleeve 602 extends to a position between the upper pressure rod 609 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620. An upper inner sealing assembly 522 is provided between the lower end of the inner pressure sleeve 602 and the large-diameter area of ​​the upper pressure rod 609 to achieve a seal between the upper pressure rod 609 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620. The specific structure of the upper inner sealing assembly 522 is similar to that of the upper outer sealing assembly 520.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, a section of the inner pressure sleeve 602, which extends between the upper pressure rod 609 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620, is conical, serves as a guide and reduces the requirements for the machining accuracy of the inner pressure sleeve 602.

[0065] An upper end of the inner pressure sleeve 623 extends to a position between the lower pressure rod 621 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620. A lower inner sealing assembly 523 is provided between the upper end of the inner pressure sleeve 623 and the large-diameter area of ​​the lower pressure rod 621 to achieve a seal between the lower pressure rod 621 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620. The specific structure of the lower inner sealing assembly 523 is similar to that of the upper outer sealing assembly 520.

[0066] In such an arrangement, when axial pressure is to be exerted on the rock sample 615, forces are applied to the inner pressure sleeves 602 and 623 to move them closer together. In this process, the inner pressure sleeve 602 exerts a downward force on the large-diameter section of the upper pressure rod 609 via the upper inner sealing assembly 522, thereby exerting a downward force on the rock sample 615. Simultaneously, the inner pressure sleeve 623 exerts an upward force on the large-diameter section of the lower pressure rod 621 via the lower inner sealing assembly 523, thereby exerting an upward force on the rock sample 615. The combined action of the two components allows the axial pressure to be exerted on the rock sample 615.When the inner pressure sleeves 602 and 623 approach each other, the upper inner sealing assembly 522 and the lower inner sealing assembly 523 are also subjected to axial pressure and thus expand radially, thereby increasing the seal between the upper pressure rod 609, the lower pressure rod 621 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620.

[0067] According to the present invention, a liquid inlet channel 610 and a liquid outlet channel 625 are provided, which extend axially through the upper push rod 609 and the lower push rod 621, respectively. Fluid can thus be injected into the rock sample 615 through the liquid inlet channel 610 and the liquid outlet channel 625. Thanks to the upper inner sealing assembly 522 and the lower inner sealing assembly 523, effective sealing can still be ensured even when the pressure of the injected liquid reaches 100 MPa.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, an upper filter film 611 and a lower filter film 619 are arranged between the upper pressure rod 609 and the rock sample 615, as well as between the lowerable pressure rod 621 and the rock sample 615, in order to filter the liquid entering and exiting the rock sample 615, to prevent the rock sample 615 from being contaminated by other solid phases, and to prevent the channels from becoming clogged by deposits from the rock sample 615.

[0069] In this embodiment, as in Fig. Figure 3 shows an axial lower end of the limiting pressure sleeve 620 extending downstream of the lower inner sealing assembly 523. Likewise, an axial upper end of the limiting pressure sleeve 620 extends forward of the upper inner sealing assembly 522. In such an arrangement, when subjected to an axial force and expanding radially, the upper inner sealing assembly 522 not only provides a seal between the upper push rod 609 and the limiting pressure sleeve 620, but also exerts a radially outward compressive force on the limiting pressure sleeve 620. Therefore, the outer wall of the limiting pressure sleeve 620 can bear firmly against the inner wall of the flow guide and mounting sleeve 614, thereby reinforcing the seal between them.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the outer pressure sleeve 622 encloses an annular outer body 6221 and a flange 6222 at an upper end of an outer wall of the outer body 6221. A retaining ring 624 is arranged coaxially outside the outer body 6221. An upper end of the retaining ring 624 abuts axially against the flange 6222, and an outer wall of the same is threaded to the vessel 616. The retaining ring 624 allows the outer pressure sleeve 622 to be detachably attached to the offset end of the vessel 616, thus simplifying the assembly of the simulation device 220.

[0071] The inner pressure sleeve 623 encloses an inner body 6231, which is arranged coaxially around the small-diameter region of the retractable push rod 621. A flange 6232 is provided at a lower end of an outer wall of the inner body 6231. The inner body 6231 abuts axially against the outer pressure sleeve 622 via the flange 6232, so that the outer pressure sleeve 622 can provide an upward supporting force on the inner pressure sleeve 623.

[0072] The above configuration significantly simplifies the assembly of the inner pressure sleeve 623 and the outer pressure sleeve 622 on the vessel 616. During assembly, the inner pressure sleeve 623 is inserted downwards into the outer pressure sleeve 622 from its upper end until the flange 6232 of the inner pressure sleeve 623 rests axially against the outer pressure sleeve 622. Next, the outer pressure sleeve 622 is inserted upwards into the vessel 616 from its lowered end until its upper end rests axially against the vessel 616. The retaining ring 624 is then inserted upwards from its lowered end into a gap between the vessel 616 and the outer pressure sleeve 622 and secured to the vessel 616 via threads. The remaining components are then installed as described in Fig. 2 structural sequence shown, inserted downwards from their respective upper ends into an inner cavity of boiler 616.

[0073] In the present invention, the rock sample 615 can be a cylinder adapted to an inner cavity of the limiting pressure sleeve 620, or a bulk material sample. After the test, the debris sample can form a complete core sample under the axial pressure and the limiting pressure.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, the simulation device 220 further includes a frame 501. In this embodiment, the frame 501 is a portal structure. The frame 501 includes a portal upper plate 510, an upper positioning column 511, and a portal lower plate 514, wherein the upper positioning column 511 is fixedly arranged in the center of a lower end face of the portal upper plate 510, and a lower end face of the upper positioning column 511 rests axially against an upper end face of the end connector 600 at the upper end of the boiler 616.

[0075] The portal base plate 514 is fixedly arranged downstream of the portal top plate 510. In this embodiment, a pressure mechanism 502 is provided on the portal base plate 514. An upper end of the pressure mechanism 502 abuts axially against a lower end surface of the end connector 600 at the lower end of the boiler 616. The pressure mechanism 502 can move upwards relative to the portal base plate 514 and thereby exert an upward force on the end connector 600.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, a lower end of the upper positioning column 511 abuts axially the upper ends of the upper pressure sleeve 601 and the inner pressure sleeve 602. A fluid inlet line 608 is located at one upper end of the upper pressure rod 609 and is connected to the fluid inlet channel 610. A cavity is formed in the upper positioning column 511 to accommodate the fluid inlet line 608, and the fluid inlet line 608 extends radially from a side wall of the upper positioning column 511.

[0077] The pressure mechanism 502 includes a first hydraulic cylinder 515 and a second hydraulic cylinder 517, both of which are fixedly attached to the portal base plate 514. In this embodiment, the second hydraulic cylinder 517 is mounted in the center of the portal base plate 514, and several first hydraulic cylinders 515 are arranged evenly around the second hydraulic cylinder 517 in the circumferential direction.

[0078] A movable, disc-shaped upper plate 513 is attached to a telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 515. An outer upper column 519 is attached to the top of the movable upper plate 513. An upper end of the outer upper column 519 abuts axially against the lower end of the outer pressure sleeve 622. In particular, the upper end of the outer upper column 519 abuts the lower end of the outer pressure sleeve 622 via steps, such that a central axis of the outer upper column 519 is aligned with the outer pressure sleeve 622.

[0079] In this way, the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 515, when moving upwards, provides an axial pressure on the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521, thereby reinforcing the seal between the tank 616 and the flow guide and mounting sleeve 614 and also increasing the limiting pressure that can be withstood between them.

[0080] An inner upper column 518 is arranged such that it extends slidably along the central axis of the outer upper column 519, with an upper end of the inner upper column 518 abutting the inner pressure sleeve 623. In particular, the upper end of the inner upper column 518 abuts the lower end of the inner pressure sleeve 623 via steps, so that a central axis of the inner upper column 518 is aligned with the inner pressure sleeve 623.

[0081] A liquid outlet line 626, which is connected to the liquid outlet channel 625, is provided at a lower end of the lower push rod 621. Cavities are formed in both the inner upper column 518 and the outer upper column 519 to accommodate the liquid outlet line 626, which extends radially from their side walls.

[0082] A telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 517 extends slidably through the center of the movable upper plate 513. In other words, the telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 517 is arranged such that it extends coaxially and slidably through the movable upper plate 513. An upper end of the telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 517 extends through the movable upper plate 513 and abuts coaxially against the inner upper column 518.

[0083] In this way, the telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 517 can provide axial pressure on the rock sample 615 when moving upwards.

[0084] In a specific embodiment, as in Fig.As shown in Figure 1, both the first hydraulic cylinder 515 and the second hydraulic cylinder 517 are connected to a hydraulic station for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons 214. A first pressure control 215 is arranged between the first hydraulic cylinder 515 and the hydraulic station for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons 214 to regulate the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic station for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons 214 to the first hydraulic cylinder 515. This moves the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 515 upwards, thereby providing axial pressure on the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521, thus reinforcing the seal between the vessel 616 and the flow guide and mounting sleeve 614.

[0085] A second pressure control 216 is arranged between the second hydraulic cylinder 517 and the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation hydraulic station 214 to regulate the hydraulic pressure from the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation hydraulic station 214 to the second hydraulic cylinder 517. This moves the telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 517 upwards. Such an arrangement not only provides axial pressure on the upper inner sealing assembly 522 and the lower inner sealing assembly 523, thereby reinforcing the seal between the upper push rod 609, the lower push rod 621, and the limiting pressure sleeve 620, but also provides axial pressure on the rock sample 615 to simulate the formation lithostatic pressure.

[0086] Furthermore, the second hydraulic cylinder 517 is also connected to a micro control valve 217, a micro control pressure controller 218, and a micro control pump 219. The micro control pressure controller 218 can monitor the pressure in real time and precisely control the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 517 via the micro control pump 219. Therefore, the lithostatic pressure exerted on the rock sample 615 can be precisely controlled to simulate the process of uplift and subsidence of formations.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, a simulation system 10 for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas is provided, which includes a heating chamber 222, the simulation device 220 according to the invention and a migration and accumulation assembly 200.

[0088] The simulation device 220 is arranged inside the heating chamber 222, which is used to heat the rock sample 615 in the simulation device 220, thereby simulating a formation environment of 500 °C.

[0089] It should be noted that the simulation device 220 does not need to be completely located within the heating chamber 222. Only the boiler 616 needs to be located within the heating chamber 222 in order to heat the rock sample 615.

[0090] A temperature measuring connection 617 is installed on the side wall of the boiler 616, which is connected to a temperature sensor 629 to measure the temperature inside the reactor 616.

[0091] The migration and accumulation assembly 200 is configured to circulate fluids consisting of oil, gas, and water products (oil, gas, and water of formation) to rock sample 615. Both ends of the migration and accumulation assembly 200 are connected to the respective ends of rock sample 615. Upon activation, the migration and accumulation assembly 200 circulates the fluid consisting of oil, gas, and water products through rock sample 615.

[0092] In a specific embodiment, the migration and accumulation assembly 200 includes an outlet pressure control 228, a migration circulation valve 229, a collection tank 230, an outlet circulation valve 234, a switching valve 235, a circulation valve 236, an outlet tank 203, a migration valve 213, and an inlet pressure control 223, which are connected in series. The outlet pressure control 228 is connected to the lower end of the rock sample 615, in particular to the liquid outlet line 626. The inlet pressure control 223 is connected to the upper end of the rock sample 615, in particular to the liquid inlet line 608.

[0093] The collection tank 230 is connected to a collection tank valve 231, a collection pressure control 232, and a collection pump 233. The outlet tank 203 is connected to an outlet pump valve 204, an outlet pump pressure control 205, and an outlet pump 206.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the migration and accumulation assembly 200 further includes a micro-sampler 208, which is connected as a branch between the outlet container 203 and the migration valve 213.

[0095] In particular, the microsample collector 208 is provided with a microsampling valve 207, a sampling pump valve 210, a sampling pressure control 211, and a sampling metering pump 212. The microsample collector 208 is connected to the outlet container 203 via the microsampling valve 207. The sampling pressure control 211 regulates the pressure of the microsample collector 208 via the sampling metering pump 212 and thus controls the volume of the sample taken.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, both ends of the microsampler 208 are provided with a quick sampler connection 209, which allows the microsampler 208 to be quickly and conveniently disassembled and assembled.

[0097] According to the invention, in a preferred embodiment, the simulation system 10 further includes a generation unit 100 for producing fluid products from oil, gas, and water. The generation unit 100 is connected to the migration and accumulation unit 200.

[0098] The generation assembly 100 includes a generation reactor 102. An inlet of the generation reactor 102 is connected to the changeover valve 235 via an injection pressure control 111 and an injection valve 109. The injection pressure control 111 is configured to monitor the injection pressure, and the changeover valve 235 can switch the on / off state of the connected pipeline. An outlet of the generation reactor 102 is connected to the outlet vessel 203 via an outlet pressure control 201 and an outlet valve 202. The generation reactor 102 is capable of producing liquid products from oil, gas, and water and supplying them to the migration and accumulation assembly 200.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, a generation heating furnace 110 is arranged outside the generation reactor 102, and a generation temperature control 103 is arranged on the generation reactor 102.

[0100] The generation assembly 100 further includes a hydraulic station 101, which is connected to the generation reactor 102 to supply it with hydraulic oil. A sealing pressure control 104 is arranged on the generation reactor 102 to seal it. A lithostatic pressure control 105 is also arranged on the generation reactor 102 to exert lithostatic pressure on the hydrocarbon source rock sample inside the generation reactor 102. Additionally, a micro-control pressure control 106, a micro-control pump 107, and a micro-control valve 108 are arranged on the generation reactor 102. The micro-control pressure control 106 can precisely control the lithostatic pressure exerted by the micro-control pump 107 on the rock sample in the generation reactor 102, thus simulating the uplift and subsidence of the formation.

[0101] The specific internal structure of the production reactor 102 is described with reference to CN101520962B. The principle for producing liquid products from oil, gas, and water is known in the field and does not represent an improvement of the present invention. Therefore, it will not be discussed further herein.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the “simulation system” 10 further includes a fluid injection assembly 300 connected in parallel to the outlet reservoir 203. In particular, one end of the fluid injection assembly 300 is connected between the circulation valve 236 and the changeover valve 235, and the other end is connected between the migration valve 213 and the fluid inlet line 608. The fluid injection assembly 300 is configured to inject fluid into the migration and accumulation assembly 200 and the generation assembly 100.

[0103] In a specific embodiment, the fluid injection assembly 300 includes an intermediate solvent reservoir 304 configured to inject solvent into the migration and accumulation assembly 200 and the generation assembly 100. The intermediate solvent reservoir 304 is sequentially connected to the generation reactor 102 via a solvent valve 305, the changeover valve 235, the injection pressure control 111, and the injection valve 109. Simultaneously, it is sequentially connected to an inlet end of the outlet reservoir 203 via the solvent valve 305 and the circulation valve 236.

[0104] A solvent pump valve 302 and a solvent pump 301 are arranged on the intermediate solvent reservoir 304. The solvent pump 301 can exert pressure on the intermediate solvent reservoir 304. A solvent refill valve 303 is also arranged on the intermediate solvent reservoir 304 to refill it with solvent.

[0105] In a specific embodiment, the fluid injection assembly 300 includes an intermediate water injection reservoir 309, which is configured to inject water into the migration and accumulation assembly 200 and the generation assembly 100. The intermediate water injection reservoir 309 is connected sequentially to the generation reactor 102 via a water injection valve 310, the changeover valve 235, the injection pressure control 111, and the injection valve 109. Simultaneously, it is connected sequentially to the inlet end of the outlet reservoir 203 via the water injection valve 310 and the circulation valve 236.

[0106] A water injection pump 306 and a water injection valve 307 are arranged on the intermediate water injection reservoir 309. The water injection valve 307 can exert pressure on the intermediate water injection reservoir 309. A water refill valve 308 is also arranged on the intermediate water injection reservoir 309 to refill it with water.

[0107] In a specific embodiment, the fluid injection assembly 300 includes a gas cylinder 313 configured to inject gas into the migration and accumulation assembly 200 and the generation assembly 100. The gas cylinder 313 is sequentially connected to the generation reactor 102 via a gas injection valve 312, the changeover valve 235, the injection pressure control 111, and the injection valve 109.

[0108] At the same time, it is connected successively to the inlet end of the outlet container 203 via the gas injection valve 312 and the circulation valve 236.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment, the fluid injection assembly 300 further includes a vent valve 311 configured to drain the fluid from the “simulation system” 10.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the simulation system 10 further includes a gas-liquid fluid collection and separation assembly 400.

[0111] The collecting and separating device 400 includes a collecting valve 401, a gas-liquid separator 402, a separating valve 403, a gas pressure control 404, a gas collecting tank 405, a gas collecting pump 406, a gas dryer 407, a pressure reducing valve 408, a collecting vacuum valve 409, an automatic gas meter 410, a sampling vacuum valve 411, a gas sampling valve 412 and a sampling device 413.

[0112] An inlet end of the gas-liquid separator 402 is connected via the collection valve 401 to the migration valve 213 to collect and separate the liquid products from oil and gas migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation. An outlet end of the gas-liquid separator 402 is connected to an inlet end of the gas collection tank 405, sequentially via the isolation valve 403 and the gas pressure control 404, to quantitatively collect the gas product separated by the gas-liquid separator 402. An outlet end of the gas collection tank 405 is connected sequentially via the gas dryer 407 and the pressure reducing valve 408 to the automatic gas meter 410 to automatically and quantitatively collect the gas product. The liquid product separated by the gas-liquid separator 402 is used for further sample examinations and analyses.The sampling device 413 is sequentially connected to the automatic gas meter 410 via the gas sampling valve 412 and the sampling vacuum valve 411.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, the “simulation system” 10 further includes a vacuum pressure control 316, a vacuum pump 315, and a buffer dehydrator 317. The buffer dehydrator 317 is connected sequentially to the generation reactor 102 via a vacuum valve 314, the changeover valve 235, the injection pressure control 111, and the injection valve 109. Simultaneously, it is connected sequentially to the inlet end of the outlet vessel 203 via the vacuum valve 314 and the circulation valve 236. Furthermore, the buffer dehydrator 317 is connected via the vacuum valve 314 to the collection vacuum valve 409 to evacuate the collection and separation assembly 400.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment, the “simulation system” 10 further includes a control system that is electrically connected to each of the generation assemblies 100, the migration and accumulation assemblies 200, the fluid injection assemblies 300 and the collection and separation assemblies 400.

[0115] The present invention further proposes an experimental method for simulating the injection, migration, and accumulation of oil and gas fluids in reservoir rocks under deep layers, high temperatures, and high pressure to form oil and gas reservoirs. This experimental method is implemented on the basis of the “simulation system” 10 described above and includes the following steps. (1) Preparation of hydrocarbon source rock samples. Immature or slightly immature hydrocarbon source rock samples (vitrinite reflectance Ro% ≤ 0.6%) are extracted under geological burial conditions and cut into cylinders that fit into an internal cavity of the production reactor 102. (2) Simulation of the production of oil and gas fluids. The cylindrical rock sample is placed in the production reactor 102. Using the hydraulic station 101 and the lithostatic pressure control 105, lithostatic pressure is applied to the rock sample in the production reactor 102, thus simulating the pressure exerted by the overlying rock layer on the hydrocarbon source rock layer buried at a specific depth underground. Simultaneously, the production reactor 102 is sealed using the hydraulic station 101 and the sealing pressure control 104 to ensure that the oil, gas, and water fluid produced by the rock sample does not escape under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The rock sample is heated to a preset temperature using the production furnace 110 and held at that temperature for a preset heating time.During heating, the oil- and gas-containing liquid produced by the rock sample in the production reactor 102 is collected in the outlet container 203 via the outlet valve 202. (3) Preparation of the reservoir rock sample 615. The lithified reservoir rock sample with a specific porosity and permeability under geological burial conditions is extracted and cut into cylinders that fit into the inner cavity of the vessel 616. (4) Simulation of oil and gas migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation. The extracted reservoir rock sample 615 is placed in the boiler 616 of the simulation device 220. After the limiting pressure has been applied to the cylindrical reservoir rock sample via the limiting pressure feed pump 224, a lithostatic pressure corresponding to an overburden depth of more than 4,500 meters is applied to the reservoir rock sample 615 via the hydraulic station 214 and the second pressure control 216. Meanwhile, the simulation device 220 is sealed by the first pressure control 215, and the heating chamber 222 is switched on to heat the rock sample 615 to a set temperature corresponding to the subsurface temperature. After the temperature and pressure have reached the set values, the outlet valve 202 and the migration valve 213 are closed.The outlet pump 206 is switched on to bring the oil and gas fluid in the outlet reservoir 203 to the specified pressure. Subsequently, the micro-sampling valve 207 and the sampling pump valve 210 are switched on, and the sampling metering pump 212 is activated. The micro-sampling valve 207 is used to extract a few milliliters of oil and gas fluid under balanced pressure conditions for analysis and testing of its composition.

[0116] After sampling, the outlet pressure control 228, the migration circulation valve 229, and the collection tank valve 231 are switched on. The collection pressure control 232 and the collection pump 233 are activated to build up the set pressure. The formation water from the collection tank 230 is injected into the reservoir rock sample 615. Then, the outlet pump valve 204 and the migration valve 213 are switched on to inject the oil and gas fluid from the outlet tank 203 into the rock sample 615, whereby the pressure in the fluid inlet line 608 should be greater than that in the fluid outlet line 626.

[0117] The collection pump 233 is switched to a retraction mode, and the discharge pump 206 is switched to a forward mode. The fluid, consisting of oil, gas, and water, is continuously injected from the discharge reservoir 203 into the rock sample 615 at a specific pressure differential. As the oil, gas, and water fluid flows through the pores in the reservoir rock sample 615, a portion of the oil and gas displaces the water of formation in the pores of the reservoir rock, leading to an accumulation within the reservoir rock sample 615 to form an oil and gas reservoir. The remaining fluid is collected in the collection reservoir 230, thus completing a cycle of oil and gas injection, migration, accumulation, and reservoir formation in the reservoir rock.

[0118] With the device and method according to the invention, simulation studies on oil and gas migration, accumulation and reservoir formation in deep to ultra-deep reservoirs can be carried out under conditions that include a test temperature of 500 °C, a formation lithostatic pressure of 250 MPa, a limiting pressure of 120 MPa and a fluid pressure of 100 MPa.

[0119] It should be noted that the values ​​for the test temperature, the formation lithostatic pressure, the limiting pressure, the liquid pressure, etc., in the present invention do not represent limitations that the present invention can withstand, but merely indicate that the present invention can perfectly simulate various parameters for deep to ultra-deep reservoirs. Depending on the actual requirements, the values ​​of these parameters can be further increased.

[0120] It is understood that in the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for illustrative purposes only and do not serve to indicate or implicitly specify a relative meaning or the number of technical features mentioned. Thus, the technical features defined by the terms "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0121] In the present invention, the terms "fasten," "connect," "attach," "fix," and the like, unless otherwise specified or defined, are to be understood in a broad sense and may, for example, be understood as permanent connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections; or indirect connections via an intermediate structure or internal communication between two elements. The specific meanings of the aforementioned terms in the present invention can be understood by a person skilled in the art by considering the specific circumstances.

[0122] The terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “example”, “specific example”, or “some examples” used in the description mean that the particular features, structures, materials, or properties described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrative terms used throughout this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or properties described herein may be combined appropriately in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing description merely illustrates preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is nevertheless possible for a person skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions defined in the aforementioned embodiments or to replace some of the technical features with equivalent ones. All modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, and the like that are within the meaning and scope of the present invention are to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN 202310852940.2

[0001] CN 109211746A

[0004] CN 101520962B

[0101]

Claims

[1] Simulation device for the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas, comprising: a boiler (616) with a limiting pressure connection (618) arranged on a side wall; a flexible limiting pressure sleeve (620) arranged inside the vessel (616), wherein a rock sample (615) is inserted into the limiting pressure sleeve (620); a flow guide and fastening sleeve (614) which is arranged between the boiler (616) and the limiting pressure sleeve (620); an outer sealing unit (520, 521) arranged between the flow guide and mounting sleeve (614) and the boiler (616); and an end connector (600) which is arranged at an axial end of the boiler (616) and is configured to axially compress the outer sealing unit (520, 521) and the rock sample (615). [2] Simulation device according to claim 1, characterized by, that the end connector (600) comprises an upper pressure sleeve (601) which is arranged at an upper axial end of the vessel (616), wherein the upper pressure sleeve (601) is configured to extend to a position between the vessel (616) and the flow guide and fastening sleeve (614) and is axially abutted against the outer sealing unit. [3] Simulation device according to claim 2, characterized by , that the end connector (600) comprises an outer pressure sleeve (622) arranged at a lower axial end of the vessel (616), wherein the outer pressure sleeve (622) is configured to bear axially against the vessel (616), the outer sealing unit and the flow guide and fixing sleeve (614). [4] Simulation device according to claim 3, characterized by , that the end connecting piece includes a pressure rod (609, 621) for axially compressing the rock sample (615). [5] Simulation device according to claim 4, characterized by , that an inner sealing assembly (522) configured to expand radially under axial pressure is arranged on the push rod (609, 621). [6] Simulation device according to claim 5, characterized by , that an inner pressure sleeve (602, 623) configured to exert axial pressure on the inner sealing assembly (522) and the push rod is arranged on the push rod (609, 621). [7] Simulation device according to claim 6, characterized by , that an axially extending channel through the pressure rod is provided within the pressure rod and a filter film (611, 619) is arranged between the pressure rod and the rock sample (615). [8] Simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by, that the outer sealing unit (520, 521) comprising a convex sealing ring (603) and a concave sealing ring (604) engages axially with each other, wherein a tip of the convex sealing ring (603) and a recess of the concave sealing ring (604) are shaped complementarily to engage with each other. [9] The simulation device according to claim 8, characterized by , that the outer sealing unit (520, 521) further comprises a high-temperature resistant sealing ring (605), wherein the convex sealing ring (603, 607) and the concave sealing ring (604, 606) are arranged on each axial side of the high-temperature resistant sealing ring (605). [10] Simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by, that at least one first radially extending flow guide hole (627) is provided in the flow guide and fastening sleeve (614), and a support sleeve (613) is arranged between the flow guide and fastening sleeve (614) and the boiler (616), wherein two axial ends of the support sleeve (613) each bear against two outer sealing assemblies (520, 521) of the outer sealing unit and at least one second flow guide hole (628) is provided in the support sleeve (613) and is connected to the first flow guide opening (627). [11] Simulation device according to claim 10, characterized by, that a plurality of the first flow-guiding holes (627) and a plurality of the second flow-guiding holes (628) are arranged uniformly along an axial direction in the flow-guiding and fastening sleeve (614) and the support sleeve (613), respectively, wherein each first flow-guiding hole (627) is connected to a corresponding second flow-guiding hole (628). [12] Simulation device according to claim 10, characterized by , that the support sleeve (613) comprises a sleeve body (6131) and abutting sections (6132) formed at both axial ends of the sleeve body (6131), wherein radial gaps are formed between the sleeve body (6131) and the flow guide and fastening sleeve (614) and between the sleeve body (6131) and the boiler (616). [13] Simulation device according to claim 12, characterized by, that the second flow conduit holes are arranged in the sleeve body (6131) and the rock sample (615) is arranged within a length range of the sleeve body (6131). [14] Simulation device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized by , that the device further comprises a frame (501) wherein a positioning column (511) for abutting the upper pressure sleeve (601) of the end connector is arranged on an upper section of the frame (501), and a pressure mechanism for abutting the outer pressure sleeve (622) of the end connector is arranged on a lower section of the frame (501). [15] Simulation device according to claim 14, characterized by, that the pressure mechanism comprises an inner upper column (518) and an outer upper column (519) which is arranged coaxially and displaceably around the inner upper column (518), wherein the inner upper column (518) abuts the inner pressure sleeve (623) of the end connector and the outer upper column (519) abuts its outer pressure sleeve (622). [16] Experimental method for simulating the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of oil and gas in deep layers, carried out using the simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and comprising the steps: Applying an axial pressure and a confining pressure to the rock sample (615) and heating it; Injecting formation water into the rock sample (615); Injecting oil, gas, and water fluid into the rock sample (615) and allowing the fluid to flow through; and Completion of a cycle of oil and gas injection, migration, accumulation and reservoir formation in the rock sample (615).

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