Weather-resistant runway

Abstract

Runway (100, 200, 300, 400) comprising: - a supporting structure (101, 201, 301, 401) and - a rolling surface (102), wherein the rolling surface (102) comprises at least one plastic (103, 203, 303, 403) with a thickness of approximately 40 mm and a coating (104, 204, 304, 404) with a thickness of approximately 8 mm.

Description

The present invention relates to a roller conveyor and a recreational sports installation comprising a roller conveyor.Recreational sports facilities such as skateboard ramps are becoming increasingly popular. These ramps are often installed in public parks and recreational devices.Classical skateboard ramps consist of a steel substructure and a running surface of hardwood or sheet metal. An exemplary skate installation having a wood tread is described in EP 0 796 641 A1. An exemplary skate installation having a running surface made of metal is described in DE 10 2005 034 444 A1.Hardwood, as renewable raw material, has some environmental friendliness, but the life of plants with hardwood is limited. Even with good care, the hardwood decomposes and only has a conditional weathering resistance. Sheet as a tread has a longer life as compared with hardwood, but the noise nuisance when using the ramp is enormous to the environment.In the meantime, skateboard ramps made of plastic are also described. DE 09112648 U1 discloses a skateboard installation made of finished elements made of polyethylene.It is an object of the present invention to provide a roller track which at least partially overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.This object is described by a roller track according to claim 1 and the recreational sports equipment according to claim 10.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are evident from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention.A roller track according to the invention comprises:a supporting structure; anda rolling surface, whereinthe rolling surface has at least one plastic with a thickness of approximately 40 mm and a coating with a thickness of approximately 8 mm.The roller track can be a ramp, for example a ramp for a skateboard installation. The roller track can be designed as a half pipe, quater pipe or also as a flat track. A planar path can also have an inclination or a gradient.The roller track can also be a scooter ramp. A roller play ramp and / or a mobile ramp for rolling is also conceivable.A roller track according to the invention has a roller surface comprising at least one plastic. The plastic is preferably a non-rotable material. In a preferred embodiment, the plastic is a fiber-reinforced plastic.A fiber-reinforced plastic, also fiber-plastic composite material, is a material made of a plastic matrix into which fibers are embedded. The fibers may have a reinforcing effect. Fiber-reinforced plastics generally have high specific stiffnesses and strengths. This makes them suitable materials in lightweight applications, in particular for planar applications.The mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced plastics can be adjusted via a multiplicity of parameters. In addition to the fiber-matrix combination, for example, the fiber angle, the fiber volume fraction, the layer sequence and many more can be varied.Fiber-reinforced plastics belong to the class of fiber-reinforced materials (fiber composites), which in turn belong to the class of composite materials.The fiber-reinforced plastic can be a thermoplastic composite material. Fiber reinforced plastics can be made by extrusion, pressing, injection molding and thermoforming, dispersing fibers in a molten plastic mixture. The hardness and particle structure of optional additives make it possible to set, for example, tensile strength and compressive strength.The use of fibers in fiber-reinforced plastics also allows the weight of the material to be adjusted. With fibers having a low density, the weight of the material can be reduced and simultaneously reinforcement and stabilization effects can be achieved.The fibers can be textile fibers. The textile fibers are, for example, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers or aramid fibers. The textile turf can be made into a woven or nonwoven fabric. An example of a fiber-reinforced plastic is WPC (wood-plastic composite material). The WPC can be cellulose fibers in a plastic matrix.The fiber-reinforced plastics can additionally comprise fillers and / or additives. Depending on the application, fillers, such as, for example, glass or carbon fibers, or also additives, such as flame retardants, colorants or UV stabilizers, can also be addedBy using suitable fibers, the CO 2- footprint can also be lowered and the sustainability of the material can be increased. By using biocompatible fibers and / or recycled fibers, the CO 2- footprint can be lowered and, at the same time, the sustainability can be increased.In a preferred embodiment, the fiber reinforced plastic comprises recycled textile fibers. By using such fibers, the CO 2- amount can be reduced by up to 60%, preferably up to 70%, more preferably up to 85%, compared to a plastic without fiber reinforcement.The use of recycled textile fibers can thus increase sustainability.The proportion of recycled textile fibers can be up to 100% based on the amount of textile fibers. Embodiments are also conceivable in which the proportion of recycled textile fibers is up to 70%, preferably up to 80%, more preferably up to 90%, based on the amount of textile fibers.The fiber-reinforced plastic further comprises at least one plastic. The plastic can be selected from at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), polybutylene, polyamide (PA), or polyester (PET). The plastic may comprise one type of polymer, or a combination of different polymers. The polymer / s can / can be brought into the desired shape by heating and molding.The polymer of the fiber-reinforced plastic can be made up of biogenic monomers or of petroleum-based monomers. The polymer may also be a recycled polymer. If it is a polymer of biogenic monomers and / or a recycled polymer, the sustainability of the product can be further increased.The proportion of recycled polymer in a fiber-reinforced plastic, based on the total weight of the fiber-reinforced plastic, can be in the range from 5 wt % to 70 wt %, preferably in the range from 8 wt % to 60 wt %, more preferably in the range from 10 wt % to 50 wt %.In one embodiment, the polymer is polyethylene. Polyethylene is prepared by polymerization of ethene and is the most important plastic in terms of quantity. Polyethylene can be divided into various types based on its density and production method. There are high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), etc., among others. Particularly preferably, the fiber-reinforced plastic comprises LDPE.The proportion of fibers and polymer in the fiber-reinforced plastic is preferably present in a specific range. Based on the total volume of the fiber-reinforced plastic, the proportion of fibers can be in the range from 10% by volume to 70% by volume, preferably in the range from 20% by volume to 60% by volume, more preferably in the range from 25% by volume to 50% by volume.The fiber-reinforced plastic can have certain advantageous technical properties. In one embodiment, the fiber reinforced plastic has a density in the range of 900 to 1200 kg / m 3. The fiber-reinforced plastic preferably has a density in the range from 950 to 1150 kg / m 3, more preferably in the range from 1000 to 1100 kg / m 3.The fiber reinforced plastic may also have a density gradient and have a region with a higher density and a lower density. Preferably, the density in the core is lower than the density in the edge regions of the fiber-reinforced plastic.The fiber-reinforced plastic can be sound-absorbing and thus render the rolling surface particularly quiet during use. Compared to runways having hardwood as the rolling surface, the inventive rolling surface can be up to 50% lower in noise than the hardwood rolling surface in use.The fiber-reinforced plastic may have a thermal expansion coefficient in the range of 5·10 -51 / ° C. to 9·10 -51 / ° C. Preferably, the fiber-reinforced plastic can have a thermal expansion coefficient in the range from 5.5·10 -51 / ° C. to 8.5·10 -51 / ° C., preferably in the range from 6·10 -51 / ° C. to 8·10 -51 / ° C., more preferably in the range from 6.5·10 -51 / ° C. to 7.5·10 -51 / ° C.The fiber-reinforced plastic preferably has a coefficient of thermal expansion in the region of the further materials of the roller track. In this way, sufficient stability of the roller conveyor can be ensured when the roller conveyor is exposed to changing ambient temperatures. Straight roller tracks which are set up outdoors are exposed to seasonal and day-dependent temperature fluctuations. If the coefficients of thermal expansion of the individual components are in a similar range, the components also behave similarly at the respective ambient temperatures. It can thus also be achieved that screw connections, bonds, etc. do not become detached as easily due to temperature fluctuations.The fiber reinforced plastic may have a tensile strength in the range of 2 to 4 MPa. Preferably, the fiber reinforced plastic has a tensile strength in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 MPa, more preferably in the range of 2.8 to 3.2 MPa. The tensile strength can make it possible for screws to be held particularly firmly in the fiber-reinforced plastic and not to be loosened even over a relatively long period of time.By using fiber-reinforced plastic in comparison to materials such as hardwood, the roller track can have a longer service life.The plastic can have a sound-absorbing effect and thus absorb the sound occurring during use of the roller conveyor to a certain extent.A fiber-reinforced plastic may also have a sound-absorbing effect. Compared to materials such as sheet metal and hardwood, the fiber reinforced plastic can absorb the sound occurring better when the roller conveyor is used, whereby the roller conveyor preferably becomes lower in noise when used.The rolling surface further comprises a coating. The coating can be a film, a paint or a plastic layer. The coating is preferably a plastic layer. The plastic can be a thermosetting plastic.The coating preferably has a high mechanical strength, moisture and heat resistance, chemical resistance and a high bending stiffness. Particularly advantageously, the coating has a certain haptics and a grip. In particular in the case of moisture and moisture, the coating has a grip, so that optimized sliding behavior can be achieved.The coating may comprise a certain number of cellulose sheets impregnated with curable phenolic resins and pressed together under high pressure and heat. Furthermore, the coating can have a decoration, for example a decorative paper layer impregnated with melamine resin. For example, the coating can be an HPL plate. An HPL sheet is a high pressure laminate sheet which is compression molded into a sheet from papers impregnated with melamine or phenolic resin.The coating can be in direct contact with the fiber-reinforced plastic, i.e. can be directly connected to one another. The coating can be connected to the fiber-reinforced plastic by means of adhesives, screws, rivets, positive locking such as tongue-and-groove springs.Preferably, the coating completely covers the fiber-reinforced plastic on at least one surface. More preferably, the coating covers the fiber-reinforced plastic on at least one surface to an extent of at least 80%, in particular to an extent of at least 90%.The coating can have a thickness in the range from 4 mm to 20 mm, preferably a thickness in the range from 5 mm to 15 mm, more preferably in the range from 8 mm to 10 mm.The ratio of plastic (e.g., fiber-reinforced plastic) to coating may be in a certain ratio. The ratio thereby relates to the thicknesses of the plastic (e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic) and of the coating at its respective greatest extent. In one embodiment, the ratio of plastic (e.g., fiber-reinforced plastic) to coating is in the range of 1:3 to 1:10. preferably, the ratio of plastic (e.g., fiber-reinforced plastic) to coating is in the range of 1:4 to 1:8, more preferably, the ratio of plastic (e.g., fiber-reinforced plastic) to coating is in the range of 1:5 to 1:7, even more preferably, the ratio of plastic (e.g., fiber-reinforced plastic) to coating is about 1:5.In an alternative embodiment, the rolling surface consists of a fiber-reinforced plastic and a coating (e.g. an HPL plate). The fiber-reinforced plastic and the coating can be the fiber-reinforced plastics and coatings described herein.A roller track according to the invention further comprises a support structure. The support structure can be made of various materials, such as steel, plastic, wood, concrete, gravel, etc. The support structure may also be a combination of a plurality of materials.In one embodiment, the support structure comprises hot dip galvanized steel. The support structure may be a frame or a form into which the rolling surface can be placed. Preferably, the support structure is a frame supporting the rolling surface.The support structure can be covered by further components, such as metal sheets (e.g. perforated metal sheets), terminating edges, etc.The roller track can also have further components, such as railings, noise protection, pillars, feet, etc. A railing may be formed of steel, plastic, wood, etc. to protect the users of the rolling surface from falling. Particularly preferably, the railing is formed from the same material as the supporting structure. The material is preferably hot dip galvanized steel.The pillars may be formed of suitable materials such as steel, concrete, plastic, wood, etc. The pillars may further stabilize the support structure and serve as a support for the support structure. The support pillars are preferably designed such that they form a long-lived and stable underlying surface for the support structure. Preferably, the pillars are formed of concrete.In order to compensate for unevenness in the ground, the support structure can stand on feet. The feet may be formed of materials such as steel or plastic. They can be height-adjustable or can be designed at different heights.Furthermore, the roller track can have components for sound protection. In particular, components for acoustic protection further reduce the noise level which arises during use of the roller conveyor. The components can be perforated plates or other acoustic components, such as perforated plates, or other plate materials with broken surfaces or other 3-dimensional shapes and bodies. The components may also comprise fillings of steel, gravel, plastics or water which fill the cavities of the ramps and thus prevent the sound in the cavity from propagating and intensifying similar to a drum. For example, the components can be attached to the support structure. The components for sound protection can, however, also be mounted at further points of the roller track.The present invention further relates to the use of a roller conveyor according to the invention in a recreational sports installation. The recreational sports installation can be a skate park, a game space, a recreational park, a roll playing surface, a biker park, a biker ramp, a scootere park, a scootereloop, a flyoutloop, a flyoutpark, etc. The roller track is preferably used as a surface for driving with skateboards, scooters, in-line skates, bobbycars or other roller trains.Further advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention result from the exemplary embodiments described below in connection with the figures. FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary section from a roller track. FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary runway. FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of an exploded illustration of a roller conveyor. FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of an exploded illustration of a roller conveyor. FIG. 5 shows the result of a relative sound emission of a component made of recycled plastic. FIG. 6 shows the result of a relative sound emission of a component made of recycled plastic. FIG. 7 shows the result of relative sound emission of a wood component. FIG. 8 shows the result of relative sound emission of a wood component.In the exemplary embodiments and figures, identical or identically acting components are each provided with the same reference numerals. The elements shown and their relative sizes are not to be seen true to scale. Rather, individual elements, in particular layer thicknesses, can be represented with exaggerated size for better understanding.FIG. 1 shows an exemplary detail of a roller track 100. 101 shows a part of a supporting structure. The rolling surface 102 is arranged on the supporting surface 101. The rolling surface 102 includes the plastic 103 (e.g., fiber reinforced plastic) and the coating 104.FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary runway 200. The runway 200 comprises a support structure 201. The support structure 201 can be solid or a frame which is covered. On the support structure 201 is the plastic 203 (e.g., fiber reinforced plastic) coated with the coating 204. The roller track 200 further comprises a rolling edge 207. The rolling edge 207 can be formed from a wide variety of materials (e.g. steel, fiber-reinforced plastic, etc.). The rolling edge 207 may be coated with the coating 204 or may be uncoated.FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a further exemplary roller track 300. The roller track 300 has a supporting structure 301. The support structure 301 is preferably formed from hot-dip galvanized steel. As a termination to the environment, the support structure 301 has a termination edge 306. The terminating edge 306 may be formed from the same material as the support structure 301. The support structure 301 rests on support pillars 305, which are formed from concrete, for example. The support structure 301 or the support pillars 305 can rest on a layer of gravel. The roller track further includes the plastic 303 (e.g., fiber reinforced plastic) and the coating 304. The roller track 300 also comprises a rolling edge 307. The rolling edge can likewise be formed from the plastic (for example fiber-reinforced plastic).In an exemplary runway, the plastic may be a fiber reinforced plastic having a thickness of about 40 mm and the coating may have a thickness of about 8 mm.FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of a further exemplary roller track 400. The roller track 400 has a supporting structure 401. The support structure may be formed of hot dip galvanized steel. The plastic 403 (e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic) rests on the support structure 401. The plastic (e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic) can have a thickness of approximately 40 mm. It can be screwed to the supporting structure 401. The coating 404 is located on the plastic 403 (e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic). The coating can have a thickness of about 8 mm. The coating 404 preferably completely adjoins the plastic 403 (e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic). The coating 404 may be bolted to the plastic 403 (e.g., fiber reinforced plastic). The coating 404 can also be connected, e.g. screwed, together with the plastic 403 (e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic) to the support structure 401. The roller track 400 also has a rolling edge 407. The rolling edge 407 can likewise be formed from the plastic (for example fiber-reinforced plastic). The runway 400 stands on pillars 405 which can be formed from concrete, for example. To compensate for unevenness in the floor, the roller track 400 in FIG. 4 stands on feet 408, which are preferably height-adjustable, or are designed in various sizes. Furthermore, the runway 400 has a railing 410. The railing 410 can in particular serve to prevent users of the roller conveyor 400 from falling into the surrounding terrain. The roller track 400 also has a sound protection 409. The sound shield 409 is attached to the support structure 401, as shown in FIG. 4. However, the sound protection can also be attached to further components of the roller conveyor 400. The sound protection 409 serves in particular to absorb the noise emitted by the roller track 400, in particular during use, and thus to make the roller track 400 more quiet.Examples1. Measurement MethodsDensity: Density was determined by measuring the test bodies and determining their volumes using dimensional measurements.Thermal expansion coefficient: Thermal expansion was determined using rectangular test bodies (150x15x3mm) obtained from a board. The expansion in length during heating at a rate of 1°C / min of the test specimens was measured in the temperature interval between 20 and 100°C. Elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break: determination according to ISO 527 of July 2019. The tests were carried out at a drawing speed of 50 mm / min at a temperature of 23° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of 50%.Flexural modulus, flexural strength, flexural breaking elongation: determination according to ISO 178, dated April 2019.Water absorption: Water absorption was determined by immersing a test body (190x90x5mm cut out from a board) for 48 hours. It was determined that the weight did not increase further over time. The test body was dried at a higher temperature. The measured weight loss was used to determine water absorption.Creep Modulus: Determination according to ISO 899, September 2017. The dimension was determined for rectangular test bodies (150x15x3mm) cut from a board. The test specimen was heated at 100° C. at a rate of 1° C. / min and cooled at the same rate.Shrinkage: The change in length was measured after heating to 100°C.2. MaterialeigenschaftenTable 1 shows the properties of an exemplary fiber reinforced plastic compared to conventional plastics.The fiber-reinforced plastic is a low density polyethylene (PE-LD or LDPE) with recycled textile fibers. The composition of the fiber reinforced plastic is 5% LDPE and 95% recycled textile fibers. Table 1 Table 1Flexural Modulus (MPa)1130±20Flexural strength (MPa)17±1Transverse Fracture Strain (%)4,1±0,1Modulus of Elasticity (MPa)430±100Tensile Strength (MPa)3,1±1,1Elongation at break (%)2,9±0,6Water absorption<0,5%Shrinkage at 100°C<0,3%Thermal expansion coefficient efficient (1 / °C)(7±2)×10 -5Density (kg / m 3)1050±10Creep Modulus (Decrease per decade)20%3. Sound measurementsFigures 5 to 8 show the comparison of the sound emissions of two sample pieces A - with recycled plastic (WPC, high density, no fibres in the longitudinal direction); the WPC plastic board has a thickness of 40 mm and is coated with an HPL coating of 8 mm B - with wood (Läch, medium hardness, fibres in the longitudinal direction); the wood board has a thickness of 25 mm and is coated with an HPL coating of 8 mmExperimental Setup:generating an acoustic impulse by ejecting the sample pieces with steel balls of a defined height. Measurement points at the top and under the sample pieces (measurement microphone with spherical characteristic, recording as wav file 24 bit / 48 kHz). Analysis of audio data for sound pressure level and frequency spectrum (software used "Izod RX / LogicProX").FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the results of the measurements. FIG. 5 shows the frequency spectrum of the coated WPC board (wood-plastic composite material). Figure 6 shows the frequency spectrum of the coated wood board. The microphone position in the test setup for FIG. 5 is identical to that in FIG. 6.Figure 7 shows the frequency spectrum of the coated WPC board at a different position of the microphone. Figure 8 shows the frequency spectrum of the coated wood board. The microphone position in the test setup for FIG. 7 is identical to that in FIG. 8.Compared to sample piece A, sample piece B with wood shows higher overall sound levels. In the frequency spectrum, it can be seen that in the case of pattern B, above all lower frequencies (self-resonance) are emitted substantially more strongly, since the oscillation of the plate is much less attenuated, which is also partly on the longitudinal fibers of the wood (see FIGS. 7 and 8 ). (See wood in instrument construction).Due to the longer wavelength, sound waves with low frequencies at the same distance are louder to hear or hear at a longer distance than high frequencies.Sample piece B is thus to be expected to have a greater sound emission and thus more noise nuisance in the environment of the installation. The measurement data thus show that particularly quiet runways can be realized by using fiber-reinforced plastic.The invention is not limited by the description with reference to the exemplary embodiments. Rather, the invention comprises any novel feature and any combination of features, which includes in particular any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.List of reference characters100, 200, 300, 400 Roller track 101, 201, 301, 401 Supporting structure 102 Roller surface 103, 203, 303, 403 Plastic (e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic) 104, 204, 304, 404 Coating 305, 405 Supporting pillars 306 Terminating edge 207, 307, 407 Rolling edge 408 Foot 409 Sound protection 410 RailingReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedEP 0 796 641 A1

[0003] DE 10 2005 034 444 A1

[0003] DE 09112648 U1

[0005] Cited Non-Patent LiteratureISO 527, dated July 2019

[0062] ISO 178

[0063] ISO 899, September 2017

[0065]

Claims

Roller conveyor (100, 200, 300, 400) comprising: - a support structure (101, 201, 301, 401) and - a roller surface (102), wherein the roller surface (102) has at least one plastic (103, 203, 303, 403) with a thickness of approximately 40 mm and a coating (104, 204, 304, 404) with a thickness of approximately 8 mm.The roller conveyor (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 1, wherein the plastic (103, 203, 303, 403) is a fiber reinforced plastic.The roller conveyor (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 2, wherein the fiber reinforced plastic comprises recycled textile fibers.The roller web (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 2 or 3, wherein the fiber reinforced plastic comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), polybutylene, polyamide (PA), and polyester (PET).The roller conveyor (100, 200, 300, 400) of at least one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the fiber reinforced plastic has a density in the range of 900 to 1200 kg / m 3.The roller track (100, 200, 300, 400) of at least one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the fiber reinforced plastic has a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 5·10 -51 / °C to 9·10 -51 / °C.The roller web (100, 200, 300, 400) of at least one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coating (104, 204, 304, 404) is a thermoset.The roller conveyor (100, 200, 300, 400) of at least one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the coating (104, 204, 304, 404) is an HPL plate.The roller conveyor (100, 200, 300, 400) of at least one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the support structure (101, 201, 301, 401) comprises hot dip galvanized steel.Recreational sports equipment comprising a runway (100, 200, 300, 400) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9.

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