Composition for waxing a bicycle chain

Abstract

Use of ultrasound for waxing a bicycle chain with a composition comprising or consisting of a wax.

Description

[0001] The following describes a method for waxing a bicycle chain, comprising the following steps: i) producing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax, ii) producing or providing a bicycle chain, iii) contacting the bicycle chain with the composition such that the bicycle chain is at least partially immersed in the composition, iv) treating the composition with sound, v) removing the bicycle chain from the composition. The present invention relates to a waxed chain produced according to a described method, a use of sound for waxing a bicycle chain, and a composition for waxing a bicycle chain.

[0002] Optimal lubrication of bicycle chains is a crucial factor for the performance and longevity of a bicycle. A well-lubricated chain reduces friction, minimizes wear, and ensures efficient power transmission from the rider to the wheel. Traditionally, bicycle chains are treated with oil-based lubricants to achieve these benefits. However, these lubricants offer both advantages and disadvantages. Because oil-based lubricants are liquid and form a runny film on the bicycle chain, dirt particles can adhere and contaminate the chain. Frequent relubrication is also necessary because the lubricant is transferred when the chain touches the chain, causing it to be lost and splashed off at high chain speeds when the chain is redirected.

[0003] In recent years, an alternative method of chain lubrication has become established: the use of solid lubricants. Lubrication with solid lubricants offers numerous advantages over lubrication with conventional oil-based lubricants. Solid lubricants form a dry, smooth, protective layer on the chain that prevents dirt and dust from penetrating. This keeps the chain cleaner longer and requires relubrication less frequently. Solid lubricants also reduce friction between the chain links, resulting in a quieter and more efficient ride.

[0004] However, applying solid lubricants to bicycle chains presents a significant challenge. Conventional methods for applying solid lubricants are cumbersome and often inefficient. Typically, the chain must first be thoroughly cleaned and then immersed in molten solid lubricant, which requires considerable time and material. In particular, removing oil-based lubricants from the chain requires considerable time and effort and requires the use of organic solvents or special cleaning agents. These agents are typically harmful to the environment, hazardous to health, and require special disposal. Furthermore, achieving a uniform and lasting layer of the solid lubricant on the chain links is difficult.Particularly problematic is the penetration of the solid lubricant into the spaces between the individual chain links, as these areas are crucial for reducing friction and wear. Inadequate distribution of the solid lubricant into these spaces can significantly impair the effectiveness of the lubrication.

[0005] There is currently no method for the effective and simple application of solid lubricants to bicycle chains, including the targeted lubrication of the spaces between the chain links.

[0006] It is also desirable to be able to forgo the removal of grease- or oil-based lubricants from the chain before applying the solid lubricants to the chain. Unused bicycle chains are coated with oil or grease at the factory to prepare them for direct use on the bicycle and to prevent rusting of the bicycle chains during storage. If these grease- or oil-based lubricants are not removed before applying the solid lubricants to the chain, this will lead to a lowering of the melting point of the applied solid lubricant, and the dirt-repellent properties of the solid lubricant as well as the lubricating properties can be adversely affected. An oil or grease film on the chain also prevents or impairs the adhesion of the solid lubricants.

[0007] The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method for lubricating a bicycle chain in which the solid lubricant is evenly distributed over the chain links and, if possible, into all the spaces between the chain links. Furthermore, it should make it possible to eliminate the need for prior cleaning of the bicycle chain.

[0008] This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for growing a bicycle chain with the following steps i) producing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax, ii) manufacturing or providing a bicycle chain, iii) bringing the bicycle chain into contact with the composition so that the bicycle chain is at least partially, preferably completely, immersed in the composition, iv) treating the composition with sound, v) Removing the bicycle chain from the assembly.

[0009] Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that waxed bicycle chains produced using the described inventive process are not only evenly waxed on the surface, but the wax also fills more than 82% by volume of all the spaces between the chain links. Sonic treatment removes air spaces between the chain links and replaces them with wax.

[0010] Our own studies have also shown that the effect of sound leads to oils or greases adhering to the bicycle chain, such as those found in a brand-new bicycle chain, being completely or at least partially removed from the bicycle chain and distributed throughout the manufactured or provided composition, thus being carried away from the bicycle chain. The otherwise occurring effect, namely that the oil or grease present on the chain leads to a lowering of the melting point of the applied wax and adversely affects the wax's dirt-repellent properties as well as its lubricating properties, does not occur or is greatly reduced with the process according to the invention.Without wishing to commit to a theory, it is assumed that treating the composition with sound has the additional effect of breaking up any oil or grease films on the bicycle chain that has not been cleaned or has been cleaned poorly, allowing the wax-containing composition to spread evenly over the chain without there being a layer of grease or oil between the wax and the chain.

[0011] A process is therefore preferred according to the invention, wherein the process steps are carried out in the following order: i), ii), iii), iv) and v) or ii), i), iii), iv) and v)

[0012] A method is therefore preferred according to the invention wherein the bicycle chain is not free of oils or greases in step ii) or iii). It is particularly preferred if the method does not include the following step: cleaning the bicycle chain, preferably with a degreasing agent.

[0013] However, if the bicycle chain has been cleaned, this is not detrimental to the method according to the invention. A method according to the invention is therefore also preferred, wherein the bicycle chain is substantially free of oils or greases in step ii) or iii) and / or wherein the method further comprises the following step: cleaning the bicycle chain, preferably with an agent for degreasing the bicycle chain, wherein this method step is performed before method step ii) or iii). It is preferred if the cleaning is carried out in or using an ultrasonic cleaning device.

[0014] A method is preferred according to the invention wherein the sound is infrasound or ultrasound, preferably ultrasound. The use of sound, and in particular ultrasound, significantly improves the efficiency of wax application, as the sound waves help to remove air pockets between the chain links and enable deeper and more even penetration of the wax. This results in superior lubrication and extends the service life of the bicycle chain through an improved protective layer. Contamination on the chain is also efficiently removed, so that even contaminated chains, e.g., oiled or greased chains, can be used without prior cleaning. It has also been shown that the effect of ultrasound can lead to the breaking up of oil or grease films on bicycle chains, thereby enabling efficient lubrication by the composition.

[0015] A method is particularly preferred according to the invention wherein the sound has a frequency in the range of 5 to 200 kHz, preferably in the range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 kHz, even more preferably in the range of 35 to 45 kHz. Our own investigations have shown that these frequencies ensure optimal distribution of the wax and maximize the removal of contaminants and air bubbles from the spaces between the chain links. This results in a uniform wax layer, which leads to improved lubrication and reduced wear on the chain. The specific frequency ranges are ideal for ensuring both thorough cleaning during the method according to the invention and effective wax application without damaging the chain or the wax composition.Our own research has shown that the effects of sound in these frequency ranges generate an alternating tensile and compressive load that is particularly well-adapted to the wax-containing composition. This alternating tensile and compressive load leads to the formation of cavitation bubbles, which implode after waxing. The resulting pressure of the composition releases contaminants such as dirt particles, oils, or oil films from the surface of the bicycle chain, and the resulting space on the bicycle chain is filled by the composition.In particular, sound with a frequency range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 kHz, is particularly suitable for the combination of the composition used according to the invention and bicycle chains, since it has been shown that at these frequencies, penetration of the sound waves, the formation of cavity bubbles and the penetration of the composition into the gaps typical of bicycle chains is particularly well possible.

[0016] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the sound has a power in the range of 0.1 to 100 W per liter of composition, preferably in the range of 10 to 60 W per liter of composition, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 W per liter of composition.

[0017] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the sound has a sound intensity in the range of 0.1 to 50 W / cm 2 preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 W / cm 2, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 W / cm 2 has.

[0018] These specific sound intensities and / or power levels enable the sound to have an optimal effect on the wax composition and the bicycle chain. The precisely tuned intensity and power effectively remove air bubbles and impurities, resulting in even and deep penetration of the wax. This significantly improves the lubrication and protection of the chain and extends its service life.

[0019] If the sound intensity or power is too low, air bubbles and contaminants may not be adequately removed, preventing the wax from penetrating the gaps between the chain links. This leads to an uneven coating and reduces the effectiveness of the lubrication.

[0020] Excessive sound intensity or power levels can cause damage to the bicycle chain or the wax composition. Excessive intensities can lead to overheating or mechanical deterioration of the chain links or the composition, negatively impacting their service life and functionality. Furthermore, the wax itself can be structurally altered by the high sound intensities or power levels, impairing its desired lubricating properties.

[0021] Particularly when the composition is an emulsion, both the sound frequencies and the sound intensity or power used must be adhered to, and care must be taken to ensure that the effects of sound do not lead to demixing, i.e., de-emulsification. If the sound frequencies and the sound intensity or power are used within the described range, our own studies have shown that the stability of the emulsion is improved and can even lead to the formation of smaller wax droplets and a more even distribution of the droplets, which improves penetration into the bicycle chain or the gaps within the bicycle chain, thus improving the desired lubricating properties.

[0022] Maintaining the optimal sound intensity or power range ensures that the process works efficiently and gently to provide the best possible lubrication and protection for the bicycle chain.

[0023] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the method further comprises the following step: heating the composition. Heating of the composition is particularly necessary if the composition is a so-called hot wax and is therefore solid at room temperature. In this case, the composition must be heated until it melts. This process step is then usually carried out before process step iii). However, heating is also useful and can have a beneficial effect on the waxed chain if the composition is already liquid, e.g. if the composition is an emulsion. Heating helps to remove air bubbles and impurities more effectively, leading to even and deep penetration of the wax. This significantly improves the lubrication and protection of the chain and extends the service life of the waxed chain.

[0024] A process is preferred according to the invention if the composition is heated in step iii) and / or in step iv) and / or between steps iii) and iv) to a treatment temperature in the range from 50 to 180 °C, preferably in the range from 55 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range from 80 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range from 85 to 95 °C.

[0025] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the method further comprises the following step: stopping the heating of the composition and allowing the composition and the bicycle chain to cool. If the composition is not a wax emulsion, the cooling preferably takes place until the wax composition changes from the liquid to the solid state, preferably until a skin forms on the composition. Stopping the heating of the composition preferably takes place after heating the composition, more preferably after heating to the treatment temperatures defined above.

[0026] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled in this step to a temperature in the range of 40 to 90 °C, preferably in the range of 50 to 70 °C, more preferably in the range of 55 to 65 °C.

[0027] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled in this step to a temperature that is a maximum of 10°C, preferably a maximum of 7°C, and more preferably a maximum of 5°C above the dropping point of the composition. The dropping point is determined according to DIN ISO 2176:1997-05.

[0028] Cooling the bicycle chain to the temperatures specified above offers the advantage that the composition already has a higher viscosity when the bicycle chain is removed from the composition and does not drip off the bicycle chain or run out of the gaps. Preferably, the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled until a significant increase in viscosity is observed, followed by step v), in which the bicycle chain is removed from the composition.

[0029] For the purposes of this text, the melting point of a wax or compound is understood to be the temperature at which the wax or compound changes from a solid to a liquid state. In some cases, this may be a temperature range, in which case the melting point is understood to be the higher limit of the temperature range.

[0030] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the method also comprises the following step: viii) tempering the bicycle chain, preferably until the bicycle chain has reached the temperature of the composition. It is assumed that tempering the bicycle chain in step viii) contributes in particular to the molten wax, which has a low viscosity, being able to penetrate into gaps better due to capillary action when the bicycle chain also has a higher temperature, which is preferably the same temperature as the heated composition. The tempering of the bicycle chain takes place before the bicycle chain is removed from the composition and preferably during heating of the composition, more preferably during heating to the treatment temperatures defined above. The tempering of the bicycle chain preferably takes place before the bicycle chain has cooled down.

[0031] Our own research has shown that without tempering the bicycle chain, a film of the composition can form immediately after immersion, as the temperature of the bicycle chain is below the melting point of the wax, causing the wax to solidify on the surface of the bicycle chain. This film formation prevents the molten wax from penetrating the interstices of the chain. Tempering removes this film, allowing the interstices to be completely filled. Alternatively, the bicycle chain can be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the composition before bringing it into contact with the composition.

[0032] Our own research has shown that tempering the bicycle chain together with exposing it to sound improves the properties of the waxed bicycle chain more than if only sound or heat is used.

[0033] A method is preferred according to the invention, which method further comprises the following step: ix) Allowing the bicycle chain to cool over the wax. This step takes place after the bicycle chain has been removed from the composition. Our own investigations have shown that this promotes the formation of a uniform wax layer, thereby improving the lubrication efficiency and longevity of the chain. Alternatively, it is possible to allow the bicycle chain to cool in a temperature-controlled room with a temperature in the range of 25 to 50°C. However, cooling over the wax has the additional advantage that any wax particles that fall off or drip end up in the wax bath and can be reused.

[0034] A method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the method further comprises the following step: x) Allowing the bicycle chain to rest until the bicycle chain has cooled down, preferably for at least one hour. This step takes place after removing the bicycle chain from the composition. Allowing the bicycle chain to rest until it has completely cooled down, preferably for at least one hour, ensures that the wax hardens optimally and adheres firmly, thereby significantly improving the longevity and lubricating performance of the chain. If the bicycle chain is used too quickly, the friction and pressure acting on the bicycle chain during use can cause the wax to be forced out of the spaces in the bicycle chain if it has not already fully hardened.

[0035] A bicycle chain according to the invention is preferred, wherein the method further comprises the following step: xi) moving the bicycle chain, preferably by deflecting the bicycle chain over a round object. This step takes place after removing the bicycle chain from the composition and preferably after allowing the bicycle chain to rest. Moving the bicycle chain, preferably by deflecting it over a round object, ensures that the wax is broken down on the surface and in all interstices of the chain links, resulting in improved lubrication performance and reduced friction.

[0036] A process is preferred according to the invention wherein the composition is contained in the oscillating tank, preferably a metal oscillating tank, during step iv), and the oscillating tank is directly exposed to sound from a sound generator, preferably an ultrasonic transducer. The oscillating tank serves as a resonance body, in which the sound waves generated by the sound generator are transmitted to the composition contained in the tank.

[0037] Our own research has surprisingly shown that direct sonication of the composition in the vibrating tank using a sonicator offers significant advantages over a process in which a container of wax is contained in a water-filled sonic bath. This method enables more efficient energy transfer and a more targeted concentration of the sonic energy on the wax composition, leading to better mixing and homogenization. Metal vessels transmit vibrations evenly and also offer improved heat transfer, ensuring uniform heating of the wax. Direct sonication minimizes the risk of contamination, as no additional media such as water is required, and simplifies handling and cleaning of the vessel. In addition, the noise level is reduced, and the safety of the process is increased, as the risk of leaks and overflows is minimized.Overall, direct sonication of the vessel results in a more efficient, safer and cleaner treatment of the wax composition, which significantly improves the quality of the waxed bicycle chain.

[0038] A method is preferred according to the invention wherein the bicycle chain is contained in a basket in step iii) and / or iv), preferably a plastic or metal basket, and the basket with chain is immersed in the composition. The use of a basket offers significant advantages. It facilitates handling of the chain, as it rests securely and stably in the basket, simplifying immersion and removal from the wax composition. The basket ensures uniform exposure of the entire chain to the wax composition and the sound waves, ensuring a uniform coating and effective removal of air bubbles and contaminants. Dirt particles can settle better, thus cleaning the chain more thoroughly during waxing, as it is not sitting at the bottom of the container in the composition contaminated with dirt particles.This is particularly beneficial for chains that are still contaminated with oil or grease, as the sonic action improves the cleaning and enhances the dirt-repellent properties of the wax. Washing out or removing the oil or grease is made easier with a basket. Furthermore, the use of a basket reduces the risk of damage to the chain, as it remains in place during the process and does not come into direct contact with the walls of the container. Plastic or metal baskets also improve cleaning and maintenance options, as they are easy to remove and clean. Overall, the use of a basket contributes to the efficiency, safety, and quality of the process by ensuring consistent treatment of the bicycle chain, optimizing the cleaning process, and simplifying the process.

[0039] A method is accordingly preferred according to the invention, wherein the bicycle chain is at a distance of between 2 and 100 mm, preferably 2 to 60 mm, more preferably 5 to 50 mm, from the wall of the vessel during step iii) and / or iv). This distance ensures that the sound waves can act unhindered on the entire chain, ensuring an even distribution of the wax and effective removal of air bubbles and contaminants. This contributes to a uniform and complete coating of the chain. A sufficient distance also prevents mechanical damage to the chain due to direct contact with the vessel wall, which extends the service life of the chain. Furthermore, the distance allows for better circulation of the wax composition around the chain, allowing dirt particles to be rinsed away and deposited more efficiently. This leads to a more thorough cleaning of the chain during the waxing process.Overall, the fixed distance between the chain and the vessel wall improves the efficiency and quality of the procedure by ensuring optimal sound transmission, uniform wax coating, and improved cleaning.

[0040] A preferred method according to the invention is one in which the container containing the composition, i.e., the oscillating tank, tapers downwards. This allows the composition to be tipped out of the container after curing. This facilitates storage of the composition before the next use. Furthermore, after tipping, it is possible to remove dirt particles that have settled at the bottom of the cured composition by scraping them off. This allows the composition to be reused more frequently without deteriorating the quality of the waxed chain.

[0041] A method is preferred according to the invention comprising the following steps 1) Producing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax, 2) Manufacturing or providing a bicycle chain, wherein the bicycle chain is either substantially free from oils or greases or is not free from oils or greases, 3) Bringing the bicycle chain into contact with the composition so that the bicycle chain is at least partially, preferably completely, immersed in the composition, wherein the composition is or is heated to a treatment temperature in the range of 50 to 180 °C, preferably in the range of 55 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range of 85 to 95 °C, 4) Temper the bicycle chain, preferably until the bicycle chain has reached the temperature of the composition 5) Treating the composition with sound, preferably with ultrasound, wherein the sound preferably has a frequency in the range of 5 to 200 kHz, preferably in the range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 kHz, more preferably in the range of 35 to 45 kHz and / or wherein the sound has a power in the range of 0.1 to 100 W per liter of composition, preferably in the range of 10 to 60 W per liter of composition, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 W per liter of composition, 6. terminating the heating of the composition and allowing the composition and the bicycle chain to cool, wherein the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled in this step to a temperature which is a maximum of 10°C, preferably a maximum of 7°C, more preferably a maximum of 5°C above the dropping point of the composition, v) removing the bicycle chain from the assembly,

[0042] Another aspect of the present invention is a composition for waxing bicycle chains consisting of or comprising a) a wax.

[0043] According to the invention, it is preferred if the compositions according to the invention are used in a process according to the invention. The following statements regarding a composition according to the invention also apply accordingly to the compositions used in a process according to the invention.

[0044] The proportion of wax is preferably 50.00 to 99.99 wt.%, more preferably 80.0 to 99.95 wt.%, more preferably 85.0 to 999.00 wt.%, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0045] A composition according to the invention for waxing bicycle chains is preferred, wherein the composition additionally comprises b) a compound of formula (I)wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstantiated alkyl radical having 5 to 24 C atoms and R2 is a negative charge, hydrogen or an organic residue.

[0046] According to the invention, it is preferred if the weight ratio between wax and the compound of formula (I) is in the range from 7:1 to 990:1, preferably in the range from 11.5:1 to 199:1, more preferably in the range from 19:1 to 99:1, more preferably in the range from 27.57:1 to 39:1. If the composition consists only of wax and the compound of formula (I), these ranges correspond to a proportion of the compound of formula (I) in the range from approximately 0.101 to 12.5% ​​by weight, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 8% by weight, more preferably in the range from 1 to 5% by weight, more preferably in the range from approximately 2.5 to 3.5% by weight, in each case based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0047] The compound of formula (I) is therefore a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid salt, preferably a metal soap, or a carboxylic acid ester.

[0048] Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that when the compound of formula (I) is added to the composition according to the invention, it is no longer necessary to remove the grease- or oil-based lubricants present on the chain before waxing the chain. It is thus possible to wax unused bicycle chains, which are factory-coated with an oil or grease as a lubricant, and even used bicycle chains, with a composition according to the invention without prior removal of the old oil or grease, without adversely affecting the lubricating properties. This is particularly possible when the composition according to the invention is used in a process according to the invention, whereby even without the use of a process according to the invention, a significant improvement can be observed compared to a composition which does not contain the compound of formula (I) but is otherwise identical in composition.

[0049] The proportion of the compound of formula (I) is preferably 1.0 to 20.0 wt.%, more preferably 1.5 to 15.0 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 13 wt.%, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0050] The total dry weight of the composition is understood to mean the weight of the entire composition without taking water into account.

[0051] A composition according to the invention is preferred wherein R2 is an organic radical and has the following structure:wherein the linkage to the compound of formula (I) is via R3, R4 or R5 and the remaining radicals are either both -OH or one is -OH and the other has the structure of the compound of formula (III),wherein the linkage is via R7 and R6 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstantiated alkyl radical having 5 to 24 C atoms.

[0052] The compound of formula (I) is thus a monoglyceride or a diglyceride. Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that compositions according to the invention containing monoglycerides and diglycerides as compounds of formula (I) are particularly suitable for waxing bicycle chains from which the lubricants, especially oils, were not removed prior to waxing. After waxing, the bicycle chains exhibit improved properties (sensitivity to dirt, sliding properties, chain durability) compared to chains waxed with compositions that do not contain the compound of formula (I) but are otherwise identical in composition.

[0053] The composition according to the invention can be presented either as a so-called hot wax, which is solid at room temperature and must be heated before application, or as a wax emulsion, in which the wax is dispersed in a liquid carrier substance (preferably water). Both forms enable effective lubrication of the bicycle chain and the penetration of the wax into the spaces between the chain links.

[0054] A composition is preferred according to the invention wherein the composition is a wax emulsion. In this case, the water content is preferably 30 to 80 wt.%, more preferably 35 to 70 wt.%, more preferably 37 to 60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0055] The composition according to the invention can contain various types of waxes. The term "wax" refers to a group of organic substances that are malleable at 20°C, solid to brittle-hard, have a coarse to finely crystalline structure, are translucent to opaque in color but not glassy, ​​melt above 40°C without decomposition, are slightly liquid (slightly viscous) slightly above their melting point, have a consistency and solubility that are highly temperature-dependent, and are polishable under light pressure. Waxes burn without ash formation. These substances have water-repellent properties and can be derived from natural sources such as beeswax or carnauba wax or produced synthetically, such as paraffin wax or polyethylene wax. The selection of wax depends on the specific lubrication requirements, such as melting point, hardness, and adhesion.

[0056] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the wax is a wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as soy wax, castor wax, coconut wax, and palm wax, berry wax, sunflower wax, rice waxes, candelilla wax, jojoba wax, paraffin wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, montan wax, polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax and mixtures of the aforementioned waxes.

[0057] Our own research has shown that these waxes are particularly suitable for waxing bicycle chains. Using these waxes best meets the requirements set out above for a chain wax.

[0058] Our own investigations have shown that, of these waxes, paraffin wax has the best properties. Using the process according to the invention, waxed bicycle chains are obtained using paraffin wax as the wax. These waxes exhibit very good properties for most applications. In particular, the chains repel dirt very well and provide good lubrication. Accordingly, a composition according to the process according to the invention is preferred, in which the wax is paraffin wax. However, for special applications, it may be advisable to choose other waxes or wax mixtures.

[0059] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the composition comprises two or more waxes. A mixture of paraffin wax with a hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oil or sunflower wax has proven particularly advantageous here. Sunflower wax is a wax obtained from sunflower seeds and consists predominantly of saturated fatty acid esters having 42 to 60 carbon atoms. It is also characterized by a high melting point, which is usually in the range of 74 to 77 °C. The addition of sunflower wax to paraffin wax has a similar effect to the addition of the compound of general formula (I), so that cleaning, i.e. degreasing the bicycle chain before waxing the bicycle chain with the composition according to the invention, can be dispensed with. Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils also exhibit this effect.

[0060] According to the invention, a composition for waxing bicycle chains consisting of or comprising (a) a wax, which is preferably paraffin wax, and b) hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oil or sunflower wax.

[0061] In addition, the melting point or dropping point of the composition according to the invention can be adjusted by mixing waxes. This is necessary, for example, to adapt the bicycle chain to the temperatures during use. It is therefore useful to adapt a composition to low temperatures so that the waxed chain exhibits optimal properties in winter, or to high temperatures so that the waxed chain exhibits optimal properties in summer.

[0062] By carefully selecting and combining different waxes, the flexibility and performance of the lubrication can be maximized under different climatic conditions. Furthermore, blending waxes allows for fine-tuning of the viscosity and hardness of the composition, further improving the longevity and efficiency of the lubrication. This is particularly advantageous for ensuring lubricating performance under extreme weather conditions and minimizing wear on the bicycle chain. A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the wax is a wax obtained from plants or extracted from plant parts.

[0063] A composition according to the invention is preferred wherein the wax has a melting point in the range of 40 to 120 °C, preferably in the range of 50 to 100 °C, preferably in the range of 54 to 70 °C, more preferably in the range of 56 to 58 °C.

[0064] Our own research has surprisingly shown that waxes with defined melting points offer significant advantages. These melting points enable an optimal balance between ease of use and wax performance. During application, the wax melts easily, ensuring an even and thorough coating of the bicycle chain. At the same time, the wax remains solid under normal ambient conditions, ensuring high temperature stability. These properties minimize thermal stress and the risk of overheating during application. Furthermore, the specific melting points support the efficient distribution of the wax into the spaces between the chain links, resulting in improved lubrication and a longer chain life.

[0065] A preferred composition according to the invention is one in which the composition contains at least two waxes, the first wax having a melting point in the range of 40 to 120°C, preferably in the range of 50 to 100°C, preferably in the range of 54 to 70°C, more preferably in the range of 56 to 58°C, and the second wax having a higher melting point than the first wax. This combination of waxes offers significant advantages in the field of bicycle chain lubrication, as it ensures optimal viscosity and adhesion at different temperatures, reduces chain wear, and extends the service life of the chain lubrication.

[0066] A preferred composition according to the invention contains a slip additive, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten disulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), boron nitride (BN), carbon nanotubes (CNT), polyalphaolefin (PAO), ceramic powder (e.g., zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide), calcium sulfonate, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP), graphene, and graphite. The addition of graphene and / or graphite as a slip additive is particularly preferred.

[0067] The proportion of slip additive is preferably 0.001 to 10 wt.%, more preferably 0.01 to 7 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0068] If the proportion of slip additive is too low, no improvement in the sliding properties can be achieved. whereas with too high a proportion, no significant improvement in the sliding properties can be observed as the proportion increases and this can sometimes lead to the sliding additives separating from the composition or to lumps forming. When using graphene as a slip additive, our own studies have shown an improvement in the sliding properties even with very small amounts in the range of 10 to 50 ppm, particularly when graphene is mixed with graphite. Without wishing to be committed to a specific theory, it is assumed that graphene in a small proportion of up to 50 ppm is sufficient to ensure initial lubrication. Due to the structure of graphene, it can penetrate very deeply into the chain and act there as a slip additive.During riding, graphite is ground down by the forces applied and subsequently acts as a lubricating additive, ensuring the chain is lubricated over a very long ride. Despite its low concentration of less than 50 ppm, the graphene provides lubrication in the initial phase, resulting in good lubrication shortly after the chain is put into operation, while the graphene ensures long-lasting lubrication.

[0069] By maintaining the optimal sound power and sliding additive content ranges, it is ensured that the process according to the invention works efficiently and gently to ensure the best possible lubrication and protection of the bicycle chain.

[0070] Particularly when the proportion of slip additive is high, separation of the additive from the composition can occur. The proportion at which separation occurs depends on the wax used, the slip additive and also on the other components of the composition. In many cases, separation occurs when the slip additive proportion is above 5 wt. %. However, our own investigations have shown that separation can be avoided by using sound, in particular ultrasound, during the process according to the invention. It is also possible to increase the proportion of slip additive even further without separation occurring. A higher proportion of slip additive can significantly improve the lubricating performance of the composition, leading to an even more effective reduction of friction and wear on the bicycle chain. The proportion of slip additive is then preferably 5.0 to 20 wt.-%, more preferably 6.0 to 15 wt.%, more preferably 8 to 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0071] This extends the service life of the chain and ensures consistent and long-lasting lubrication. In addition, the use of sound, especially ultrasound, allows a higher proportion of the lubricant additives to reach the spaces between the chain links, further optimizing the lubrication effect.

[0072] In addition, the use of ultrasound offers further advantages related to anti-friction additives. Ultrasonic waves can prevent the agglomeration of anti-friction additive particles, achieving a more even distribution of the additives throughout the wax composition. This leads to improved consistency and homogeneity of the lubrication. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound facilitates the dispersion of nanoscale anti-friction additive particles such as graphene, further increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the lubrication. This even distribution and deeper penetration of the anti-friction additives into the chain links further reduces friction and extends the service life of the bicycle chain.

[0073] Our own investigations have shown that the action of ultrasound on compositions according to the invention comprising slip additives can reduce the particles of the slip additives due to the ultrasonic effect. This effect was observed particularly with graphite, but also with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), boron nitride (BN), carbon nanotubes (CNT), polyalphaolefin (PAO), ceramic powders (e.g., zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide), calcium sulfonate, and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP). Only with tungsten disulfide and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) does this effect not occur. The reduction in size of the slip additive particles enables them to penetrate better into the spaces between bicycle chains. This results in more even and deeper lubrication, which further reduces friction and chain wear.Additionally, the finer particle size improves the stability and homogeneity of the lubricating composition, resulting in more efficient and longer-lasting lubrication overall. The improved distribution of the anti-friction additives increases the effectiveness of the lubrication even under extreme conditions, optimizing the performance and service life of the bicycle chain.

[0074] A composition according to the invention is preferred wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, undecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, nonadecyl, pentadecenyl, heptadecenyl, nonadecenyl, docosenyl, heptadecadienyl, heptadecatrienyl, nonadecatetraenyl, nonadecapentaenyl, docosahexaenyl and these alkyls which have one or more functional groups, in particular hydroxy groups.

[0075] Our own research has shown that the choice of the R1 group can have a significant impact on the properties of the resulting composition. Depending on the wax used, the polarity of the compound of formula (I) can be adjusted by the choice of the R1 group. Our own research has shown that compounds of formula (I) exhibit the best properties when the R1 group corresponds to the groups listed above.

[0076] A composition according to the invention is particularly preferred wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises stearic acid, a stearate (preferably zinc stearate), 12-hydroxystearic acid, a 12-hydroxystearate (preferably zinc 12-hydroxystearate), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP), glyceryl monolaurate (GML), glyceryl monomyristate (GMM), glyceryl distearate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, glyceryl dilaurate, and glyceryl dimyristate, with stearic acid and stearates (especially zinc stearate) being particularly preferred. The stearates are preferably zinc stearates or lithium stearates.

[0077] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein R2 is a negative charge and the composition additionally contains a cation, preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium (Na + ), zinc (Zn 2+ ), Calcium (Ca 2+ ), Barium (Ba 2+ ), potassium (K+ ), lithium (Li + ), ammonium (NH4 + ), tetramethylammonium (N(CH3)4 + ), tetraethylammonium (N(C2H5)4 + ), tetrabutylammonium (N(C4H9)4 + ), triethylammonium (N(C2H5),H + ), choline (C s H 14 NO + ), pyridinium (C5H5NH + ), methylammonium (CH3NH3 + ), ethanolammonium (HOCH2CH2NH3 + ), Morpholinium (C4H 10 NO + ), particularly preferred are zinc (Zn 2+ ) and lithium (Li + ), so that the compound of formula (I) is a zinc soap or lithium soap.

[0078] A composition according to the invention is preferred, additionally comprising an emulsifier, preferably an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lecithin, gum arabic, agar, pectin, guar gum, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyglycerol-10 dioleate, sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), casein, whey protein (whey protein), soy protein, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl oleate, cetearyl alcohol, xanthan, carrageenan and methylcellulose.

[0079] Our own studies have shown that the presence of emulsifiers in compositions according to the invention also has a beneficial effect on the properties of bicycle chains waxed using the composition. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is assumed that emulsifiers promote the mixing between the waxes and any oils present on the bicycle chains, resulting in a homogeneous mixture of wax and oil that does not lead to the disadvantages described above. Furthermore, it is assumed that the presence of emulsifiers also improves the removal of oils from the chain.

[0080] The proportion of emulsifier is preferably 0.1 to 20 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 15 wt.%, more preferably 1.0 to 10 wt.%, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0081] A composition according to the invention is preferred which contains an emulsifier and / or a compound of formula (I).

[0082] In case of doubt and in particular for the calculation of the weight proportions, emulsifiers which may correspond to a compound of formula (I) are considered to be a compound of formula (I).

[0083] With regard to preferred embodiments of the above-specified method according to the invention and in this regard possible combinations of one or more aspects of the invention specified above with one another, these explanations given for the compositions according to the invention apply accordingly, and vice versa.

[0084] A further aspect of the present invention is a waxed chain produced by a method according to the invention.

[0085] Another aspect of the present invention is a waxed chain produced by waxing with a composition according to the invention.

[0086] A further aspect of the present invention is the use of sound, in particular ultrasound, for waxing a bicycle chain with a composition comprising or consisting of a wax. In this case, it is in accordance with the invention if the composition is a composition according to the invention.

[0087] A use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the composition is heated before treatment with sound, after treatment with sound and / or simultaneously with treatment with sound.

[0088] A use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the sound, preferably ultrasound, is generated by a sound generator and the generated sound or ultrasound acts directly on the composition.

[0089] A use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the composition is a wax emulsion.

[0090] The properties described above for a method according to the invention, in particular with regard to the sound frequencies and intensities, are also to be applied accordingly for a use according to the invention.

[0091] A further aspect of the present invention is a use of a compound of formula (I) as an additive in compositions for waxing bicycle chains.

[0092] A further aspect of the present invention is a use of sunflower wax as an additive in compositions for waxing bicycle chains, wherein the wax is or contains a paraffin wax.

[0093] A further aspect of the present invention is a use of a composition according to the invention for waxing bicycle chains. Examples:Example 1: Preparing a composition for waxing bicycle chains:

[0094] In a homogenizer, 980 g of a paraffin wax with a dropping point of 58 °C was melted, 20 g of graphite powder was added, and the mixture was thoroughly homogenized. The homogeneous composition was poured into molds, cooled to approximately 23 °C, and removed from the molds. The composition could then be used for waxing bicycle chains. Example 2: Preparing a composition for waxing bicycle chains:

[0095] In a homogenizer, 980 g of a paraffin wax with a dropping point of 58 °C were melted. 20 g of graphite powder and 50 g of stearic acid were added, and the mixture was thoroughly homogenized. The homogeneous composition was poured into molds, cooled to approximately 23 °C, and removed from the molds. The composition could then be used for waxing bicycle chains. Example 3: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0096] The composition from Example 1 was placed in a heatable oscillating tank and heated to 90 °C. A commercially available bicycle chain (Shimano CN-HG601 118gl.) was then placed in the liquid composition and heated for 10 minutes until the bicycle chain reached the temperature of the composition. During this time, the composition was subjected to ultrasonic treatment.

[0097] The heating of the composition and the exposure to ultrasound were then stopped, and the composition was cooled to approximately 59 °C before the bicycle chain was removed from the composition. After the chain was allowed to rest for approximately 1 hour, the wax on the bicycle chain was broken by repeatedly looping the waxed bicycle chain around a round wooden rod. The bicycle chain could then be used on a bicycle. Example 4: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0098] Example 3 was repeated, but using a composition from Example 2. Example 5: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0099] Example 3 was repeated, but without the use of ultrasound. Example 6: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0100] Example 3 was repeated, but without ultrasound and using a composition from Example 2. Example 7: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0101] Example 3 was repeated, whereby the bicycle chain was completely freed of the oil present on the brand-new chain before being added to the liquid composition. Example 8: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0102] Example 3 was repeated, whereby the bicycle chain was completely freed of the oil present on the brand-new chain before being added to the liquid composition and a composition from Example 2 was used. Example 9: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0103] Example 3 was repeated, whereby the bicycle chain was completely freed of the oil present on the brand-new chain before being added to the liquid composition and no ultrasound was used. Example 10: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0104] Example 3 was repeated, whereby the bicycle chain was completely freed of the oil present on the brand-new chain before being added to the liquid composition and no ultrasound was used, but a composition from Example 2 was used. Results

[0105] A Rose REVEAL PLUS 105 e-road bike was mounted on a Tacx Neo 2 Smart T2850 roller trainer, and the respective bicycle chains from examples 3 to 10 were mounted. The e-road bike was set up to generate a continuous power of 150 watts, and the roller trainer was set up to generate a continuous resistance of 150 W. Under these conditions, the bicycle chains from examples 3 to 10 were loaded until a mileage equivalent to 1,000 km was reached.

[0106] The chain length was then measured at intervals of 10 links to determine wear. Noise levels during the last 100 km were also assessed. Example Degreased chain Ultrasonic Compound of formula (I) Noise development Wear of the bicycle chain after 1000 km at 150 W power 3 no Yes no + + 4 no Yes Yes ++ ++ 5 no no no - - 6 no no Yes + + 7 Yes Yes no + ++ 8 Yes Yes Yes ++ ++ 9 Yes no no ◯ ◯ 10 Yes no Yes + ◯ 20 - bad, o neutral, + good, ++ very good

[0107] With the exception of the bicycle chain from Example 5, all waxed bicycle chains showed low adhesion of dirt particles to the bicycle chain. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN-HG601 118

[0096] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] DIN ISO 2176:1997-05

[0027]

Claims

[1] Use of ultrasound for waxing a bicycle chain with a composition comprising or consisting of a wax. [2] Use according to claim 1, wherein the bicycle chain is not free of oils or greases during use. [3] Use according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the sound has a frequency in the range of 5 to 200 kHz, preferably in the range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 40 kHz. [4] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sound has a sound intensity in the range of 0.1 to 50 W / cm 2 preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 W / cm 2 , more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 W / cm 2 has. [5] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is heated during use. [6] Use according to claim 5, wherein the bicycle chain is heated to a treatment temperature in the range of 70 to 180 °C, preferably in the range of 80 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range of 85 to 95 °C. [7] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition additionally comprises b) a compound of formula (I) where R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstantiated alkyl radical having 5 to 24 C atoms and R2 is a negative charge, hydrogen or an organic residue, wherein the weight ratio between wax and the compound of formula (I) is in the range from 7:1 to 990:

1. [8] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is an emulsion. [9] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled in this step to a temperature which is 1 to 10°C, preferably 1.5 to 7°C, more preferably 2 to 5°C above the melting point of the composition. [10] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wax is a wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as soy wax, castor wax, coconut wax and palm wax, berry wax, sunflower wax, rice waxes, candelilla wax, jojoba wax, paraffin wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, montan wax, polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax and mixtures of the aforementioned waxes. [11] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises stearic acid, a stearate (preferably zinc stearate), 12-hydroxystearic acid, a 12-hydroxystearate (preferably zinc 12-hydroxystearate), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP), glyceryl monolaurate (GML), glyceryl monomyristate (GMM), glyceryl distearate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, glyceryl dilaurate, and glyceryl dimyristate, with stearic acid and stearates (especially zinc stearate) being particularly preferred. The stearates are preferably zinc stearates or lithium stearates. [12] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wax is a mixture of paraffin wax and sunflower wax. [13] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wax has a melting point in the range of 40 to 120 °C, preferably in the range of 50 to 100 °C, preferably in the range of 54 to 70 °C, more preferably in the range of 56 to 58 °C. [14] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wax is a mixture of at least two waxes. [15] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition contains at least two waxes and the first wax has a melting point in the range of 40 to 120 °C, preferably in the range of 50 to 100 °C, preferably in the range of 54 to 70 °C, more preferably in the range of 56 to 58 °C and the second wax has a higher melting point than the first wax. [16] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition additionally comprises an emulsifier, preferably an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lecithin, gum arabic, agar, pectin, guar gum, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyglycerol-10 dioleate, sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), casein, whey protein, soy protein, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl oleate, cetearyl alcohol, xanthan gum, carrageenan and methylcellulose. [17] Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition contains a slip additive, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten disulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), boron nitride (BN), carbon nanotubes (CNT), polyalphaolefin (PAO), ceramic powder (e.g. zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide), calcium sulfonate, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP), graphene and graphite. [18] Composition for waxing bicycle chains consisting of or comprising a) a wax, [19] The composition of claim 18, further comprising b) a compound of formula (I) where R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstantiated alkyl radical having 5 to 24 C atoms and R2 is a negative charge, hydrogen or an organic residue. [20] A composition according to claim 19, wherein the weight ratio between wax and the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 7:1 to 990:

1. [21] Composition according to any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the composition additionally comprises an emulsifier, preferably an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lecithin, gum arabic, agar, pectin, guar gum, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyglycerol-10 dioleate, sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), casein, whey protein, soy protein, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl oleate, cetearyl alcohol, xanthan gum, carrageenan and methylcellulose. [22] A composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the wax is a mixture of paraffin wax and sunflower wax. [23] Composition according to any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein the compound of formula (I) is stearic acid, a stearate (preferably zinc stearate), 12-hydroxystearic acid, a 12-hydroxystearate (preferably zinc 12-hydroxystearate), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP), glyceryl monolaurate (GML), glyceryl monomyristate (GMM), glyceryl distearate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, glyceryl dilaurate and glyceryl dimyristate, with stearic acid and stearates (especially zinc stearate) being particularly preferred. [24] Composition according to any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the wax is a wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as soy wax, castor wax, coconut wax and palm wax, berry wax, sunflower wax, rice waxes, candelilla wax, jojoba wax, paraffin wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, montan wax, polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax and mixtures of the aforementioned waxes. [25] Composition according to any one of claims 18 to 24, additionally comprising an emulsifier, preferably an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lecithin, gum arabic, agar, pectin, guar gum, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyglycerol-10 dioleate, sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), casein, whey protein, soy protein, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl oleate, cetearyl alcohol, xanthan gum, carrageenan and methylcellulose. [26] Composition according to any one of claims 18 to 25, wherein the composition contains a slip additive, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten disulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), boron nitride (BN), carbon nanotubes (CNT), polyalphaolefin (PAO), ceramic powder (e.g. zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide), calcium sulfonate, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP), graphene and graphite.