Concrete block and installation system for an L-shaped block

Abstract

Concrete block, preferably in the form of an L-shaped raised kerbstone (1, 1', 1"), wherein several of these concrete blocks define an installation system intended in particular for the delimitation of areas (2, 2', 16) of the public space and in this area at least a subset of surface water (W) carrying contaminants, pollutants or the like flows along, characterized in that in the area of ​​at least one raised kerbstone (1, 1') installed as a delimitation a concrete structure (6, 6') which can be positioned as a protected drainage filter (A, A', A") is provided.

Description

The invention relates to a concrete block, in particular an L-shaped raised kerbstone, based on the preamble of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of this concrete block and its installation are described in claims 2 to 15. It is generally known to provide structurally adapted concrete blocks for the demarcation of public space areas, with which specific portions of surface water carrying contaminants and pollutants can be selectively drained away. From DE 68 07 482 (1968), a drain with at least one cover plate allowing water to pass through is already known, wherein a plate made of water-permeable concrete is inserted into the edge structure above a pipe connection forming the drain. In a drainage element according to DE 35 00 271 A1, a shaped block is made of a water-permeable material in its upper part, so that a fragile edge structure is created in the installed position. In the case of a noise-reducing road surface according to DE 36 32 620 A1, an upper drainage layer is also provided, so that – due to corresponding traffic loads and weather influences – a high load and corresponding wear on the road surface occurs. These disadvantages are overcome in a multi-layer interlocking paver according to DE 195 01 091 C2 by placing a facing layer of essentially water-impermeable normal concrete over a water-permeable backing concrete block. This is intended to achieve increased infiltration capacity on road surfaces in the installed position. The publications according to DE 198 37 326 A1 (1998) and DE 20 2007 008 765 U1 (2007) describe special jointing mortars and filter materials designed to improve the installation of concrete blocks and achieve targeted water drainage. This also applies to a solution according to DE 10 2011 080 259 A1 (2011). German patent application DE 11 2009 003 630 T5 (2009) describes a special road surface material intended for installation alongside a drainage channel or similar feature designed to delineate traffic lanes. This road surface material, designed for draining and storing rainwater, is constructed as an in-situ structure. A middle layer is applied by laying a porous aggregate mixture, followed by a surface layer of a water-permeable asphalt mixture laid on top of the middle layer. This two-layer construction is evidently produced in a continuous, two-phase process as a special type of road surface, meaning that the desired effect depends significantly on the accuracy of the porous layer's construction. For a paved surface according to DE 10 2011 055 595 A1, formwork blocks made of dense concrete are proposed in conjunction with a filter layer. Joints between these formwork blocks can be filled with granular pipe materials, thus creating flow paths for draining water to a filter layer. In a channel block according to DE 20 2012 101 154 U1 (2012), the sides of the dense concrete block are provided with fluid channels, allowing water located next to the channel block to be directed into the channel section intended for its drainage. A device combined with the perimeter drainage system according to DE 20 2015 105 972 U1 is provided for removing pollutants, especially particulate matter, from rainwater, for which a special solvent-discharging device is arranged next to the drainage system.In a construction according to DE 20 2017 005 994 U1 (2017), a local drainage layer is combined with respective kerbstones. In a design according to DE 10 2020 122 516 A1 (2020), a precast concrete block is provided in which only the underside has a concrete layer that is at least partially water-permeable. This is intended to create a filter layer extending along this underside of the dense concrete for removing pollutants from rainwater runoff. This filter layer is intended to function like a natural and / or artificial molecular sieve. In the case of a concrete block according to DE 20 2023 100 527 U1 (2023), an L-shaped cross-sectional design is proposed, so that a boundary block arrangement similar to a raised kerbstone can be constructed. To stabilize the longitudinally extending row of L-shaped blocks, these have at least one raised section on their side faces that acts as a spacer. A review of the state of the art makes it clear that, at least in some areas, water-permeable drainage concrete layers are used in a wide variety of drainage systems. A generic kit with concrete elements is already known from DE 20 2017 005 994 U1 (2017), but this system requires extremely precise on-site planning and results in significantly high production costs, also due to the need for highly qualified specialists. The invention addresses the problem of designing a special concrete block in such a way that, for L-shaped kerbstones in particular, after their optimizable production, a water-permeable layer integrated into their installation system has a protected installation position for water drainage, ensuring the long-term durability of elements installed at the edges even under high traffic loads and fluctuating weather conditions, and allowing the water-permeable layer to also be used for the "re-evaporation" of drained surface water. The invention solves this problem with a raised curbstone having the features of claim 1. Further essential embodiments of the overall system are set out in claims 2 to 15. The improved system for controlling surface water runoff in the area of ​​boundary structures on roadways, according to the invention, is based on the following: a raised kerbstone, constructed with a novel combination and efficiently manufactured, is now provided with a concrete structure in a protected operating position that can be used as a drainage filter. These drainage filters are integrated into the raised kerbstone in such a way that a sponge zone is defined in the area of ​​an installation system intended as a roadway boundary, exerting a targeted suction effect on the surface water. In the area of ​​this sponge zone, the surface water can be discharged into the vicinity of the raised kerbstone or later returned to the environment for optimal evaporation, preferably in a dry area during sunshine, and thus evaporate to improve air quality. The design ensures that the drainage filters of all raised kerbstones laid in a row as a road wall, acting together as a connected sponge zone, are optimally protected against traffic loads, weathering, and road pollutants. An unprecedented longevity for such a road construction is achieved by integrating the drainage zones of the drainage filter, which are designed with comparatively lower abrasion and load-bearing capacity, into the contour of the raised kerbstones in a largely covered position. For this purpose, the respective high kerbstone is formed in a one-piece construction with at least two layers, whereby a layer of dense concrete and a layer of drainage concrete acting as a drainage filter form a functional unit, so that these L-stones can be used effectively for the construction of the road edge with integrated sponge zone, which can "necessarily" be produced in a positionally accurate manner. The design envisages that the drainage filters of the sponge zone can be provided with a porous drainage concrete structure, and that a protective covering – preferably roof-like – made of dense concrete is integrated into the raised kerbstone within this area. This significantly increases the long-term strength of the water-permeable or water-retaining drainage filter structure, as direct exposure to traffic loads and weathering from frost or de-icing salt is avoided, and these loads have only a minor long-term impact on the "sponge structure" of the drive-over edge reinforcement. The system design allows for the definition of a wastewater channel on the front side of the installed raised kerbstones, incorporating a sponge zone with a drainage filter. When wastewater is flowing, only filtered water can be discharged from this channel, preventing pollutants from entering the surrounding area – either from the rear or underneath. The sponge zone formed by the drainage filters is suitable for both biologically active drainage of the wastewater channel and – conversely – for optimized water evaporation. This makes an effective contribution to the environmentally sound design of climate-improved urban areas, as it enables "silent evaporation" on paved streets, squares, and similar surfaces. Through extensive testing, the structure of the drainage filter blocks according to the invention was optimized so that the dense concrete and the porous concrete – with volume proportions adjustable during processing – act as an effective combination within the contour of the respective L-shaped kerbstone. The respective positions of the two functionally contradictory layers are optimized within the cross-sectional contour of the kerbstone such that, in the installed position, adjacent legs of the L-block each have the drainage filter, which interacts with the wastewater channel, at least partially between them, thus forming an "intermittent" sponge zone. This is combined with the more resilient dense concrete layer in such a way that a surprisingly durable overall structure is achieved in a technically advanced area of ​​concrete block manufacturing. From the perspective of minimal manufacturing effort with sufficient load-bearing capacity, it was found that the raised kerbstone, which has a horizontal support leg and a vertical bearing leg, can be manufactured even without internal reinforcement. It is conceivable that the at least one porous concrete layer forming the drainage filter could be optionally integrated into the traffic-resistant concrete composite of the L-shaped kerbstone, either at the support leg and / or at the bearing leg. The two-layer raised kerbstone according to the invention is preferably manufactured in a stone-making machine, wherein the two layers of the stone are produced in a vertical layer structure. The open-pore concrete is placed in the mold above the dense concrete. This concrete layer, which can be used as a drainage filter after hardening, can be produced with predictable strength values ​​in terms of its concrete quality, structure, and respective volume fractions. After hardening, the stone to be installed is placed in a horizontal installation position precisely defined by the design, so that a load-stable functional connection between at least two layers of concrete is inevitably provided, thus avoiding errors in the installation system, for example due to inexperienced installation personnel. In a practical design, the strength values ​​required at the two legs of the raised kerbstone for absorbing breaking loads in the installed position, in particular tensile stress and flexural strength, are optimally adjusted by means of the respective volume fractions of dense concrete and open-graded concrete. This allows the raised kerbstones to be adapted to the respective application and load conditions in different usable and traffic areas. The raised kerbstones are designed to be shaped in such a way that both linear and curved installation positions can be achieved during laying. Even in these variable installation positions, the porous concrete layer of the drainage filter is designed to have a structure, position, and / or cover that protects it from the elements, such as de-icing salt or frost. This ensures that direct frost and de-icing salt attack in the area of ​​the porous zone is avoided. The further design of the shaped block provides that the L-shaped block has a connecting contour suitable for interlocking the adjacent blocks, for example, a tongue-and-groove system or similar contour shape, in the area of ​​the vertical support leg and / or the horizontal support leg. It is also provided that the raised kerbstone can be provided with at least one horizontal recess and / or a vertical chamfer in the area of ​​the drainage filter and / or the two legs. This integrates additional contour shapes for water drainage and / or flushing into the overall structure. The inventive concept of the L-shaped kerbstone with drainage filter assumes that an improved process can now be used in an automated production line to manufacture this concrete block, which forms a dirt channel when installed, in the form of the novel raised kerbstone. In its simplest form, the L-shaped raised kerbstone can be manufactured by completely filling the mold intended for receiving the concrete mix with a porous concrete and, after a corresponding hardening phase, producing a raised kerbstone made of drainage concrete for use as a load-bearing component for creating boundaries of usable areas. However, it has been shown that a combination of open-pore concrete – acting as a drainage filter – and dense concrete is more effective. The plan is that, to produce a two-layer raised kerbstone, the molded part containing the premixed concrete material will, after partial filling, form the first layer with a dense concrete structure, pre-hardened by an initial vibration phase. Subsequently, a final filling of the molded part will create at least one further layer of open-pore concrete, which will be hardened by a controlled vibration phase over a pre-calculated time period. The two filling phases described above are carried out vertically, so that the two layers of concrete in the molded parts cure on top of each other. After this curing, the kerbstone can be tilted 90° – according to its later installation position – so that the horizontal support leg, in particular, serves as support on the ground. During subsequent installation, these stones are then aligned accordingly, so that the drainage filters are automatically placed in their intended position. An effective design for the production of L-shaped raised kerbstones stipulates that the intensity and duration of the vibration phase for the porous concrete are measured in such a way that, in particular, an optimal pore size is achieved for the porous concrete structure, which is intended as a later drainage filter and is permeable only to water. Simultaneously, it is planned that the dense concrete structure, introduced into the mold as an initial partial fill, can be solidified using a known core concrete vibration method. The raw material for the porous structure can then be applied to this solidified structure, so that a strong bond is achieved at the interface of the two layers during a shared curing phase. The aggregates of an optimized drainage concrete mixed into the open-pore structure can be variably adapted to the respective pore diameters required for an optimal sponge zone, thus creating a porous structure. This allows for the creation of variable sponge zones for different applications with regard to traffic loads and / or weather conditions. For the first time, L-shaped concrete blocks are available that enable both the absorption and drainage of surface water and the return of soil moisture as evaporation, optimally adapted to local conditions – preferably in urban areas. The concept according to the invention provides that the newly combined L-shaped kerbstones can also be formed with more than two layers. In the manufacturing process according to the invention, the porous drainage concrete is molded onto the L-shaped stone like a facing layer, and the aggregates contained in this layer, such as ceolites, pumice, lava, slag, or the like, can be tailored to the intended filtering function and evaporation of ambient moisture. The manufacturing process according to the invention also makes it possible to form the L-shaped block from a largely cement-free geopolymer in the area of ​​the porous structure and / or the dense layer. Various combinations of layers with geopolymer and / or concrete layers interacting with it are also possible. The solution according to the invention also provides that the two-layer stone, effectively produced as a raised kerbstone in a stone-laying machine, can also incorporate several concrete structures acting as drainage filters in the form of a drainage concrete section. This enables the construction of a novel boundary system for roadways, where, after simple installation, precisely positioned and effective outlet zones with variably positionable drainage filters can be used. The installation systems designed with the drainage filter raised kerb structures as boundary structures for driving surfaces thus have a "sponge zone" in the area of ​​the edge-side wastewater channel. In the area of ​​the outlet zones specified here, horizontal and / or vertical filter directions are defined at least in some sections, so that different usable areas can be optimally completed. The inventive boundary system with L-shaped blocks can preferably be integrated into edge restraints without additional special underground drainage channels. A layer of drainage concrete is conceivable beneath the paving. It is also planned that a channel made of paving stones, adaptable to the L-shaped retaining walls, will adjoin the boundary system. This extends the installation system so that a drainage channel is effective above a layer of permeable concrete. To protect the protruding sections of the vertical legs of the L-shaped retaining wall, it is conceivable to combine the installation system with a sloping kerbstone on the side facing the roadway. Similarly, the integration of a ramp stone above the horizontal support leg of the L-shaped retaining wall is also possible, ensuring long-term protection of the drainage and wetting barrier system in the event of rollovers. It has been shown that for the intended drainage and evaporation situations, the additional use of grass pavers in the immediate vicinity of the L-shaped retaining walls or their drainage filters is also feasible. Similarly, designs have been tested in which additional drainage concrete layers are provided on the horizontal support legs of the L-shaped retaining walls. These can also be positioned precisely below the road surface structure within the installation system so that the zones with the porous concrete of the L-shaped retaining walls interact effectively with the drainage concrete layer created on-site during installation. The design of the boundary system with the L-shaped raised kerbstones can also be adapted to create a covered drainage system consisting of two raised kerbstones that abut each other at their supporting legs and are therefore opposite each other. In any case, the resulting drainage channel is suitable for the drainage or evaporation of rainwater. In addition, tongue-and-groove profiles can be formed on the vertical side surfaces of the L-shaped blocks, which can be placed next to each other in the installed position, so that a stable composite effect enables the break-free absorption of compressive, tensile and / or shear forces in load situations. Further details and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which the raised kerbstone according to the invention and a method variant for its manufacture are illustrated in more detail. In addition, several variants of a boundary system designed according to the invention are schematically illustrated. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a perspective schematic representation of an installation system bounding a roadway or the like, with raised kerbstones in a row arrangement, each having a drainage filter; Fig. 2 a perspective view of a single raised kerbstone with an L-contour, made entirely of drainage concrete; Figs. 3 to 10 individual views of the L-shaped kerbstone according to the invention with variable contour and positional designs of the at least one integrated drainage filter; Figs. 11 and 2212 different arch contours on the legs of the L-shaped blocks with respective drainage filters in an improved covering position, Figs. 13 to 16 are respective schematic representations of the L-shaped block consisting entirely of drainage concrete in a vertical position provided for automated production in a molding device, Figs. 17 to 21 are respective schematic representations similar to Fig. 13 with different contours on the L-shaped blocks, which are formed in two layers with varying drainage filters made of drainage concrete, Fig. 22 is a schematic representation similar to Fig. 1 with an installation system in which the L-shaped blocks according to Fig. 12 are installed with protected drainage filters, Figs. 23 and 24 are respective detailed representations of the two-layered L-shaped block with respective recesses and connecting openings leading into the drainage filters as well as tongue-and-groove profiles on the edges, Fig.25 an installation system with the L-stones according to the invention at the edge of a paved roadway with a substructure towards the drainage filter, Fig. 26 a representation similar to Fig. 25 with a water channel provided by the L-stones in the paved area, Fig. 27 an installation system of the L-stone similar to Fig. 26 with additional raised kerbstones as roll-over protection for the L-stones, Fig. 28 an installation system similar to Fig. 26 with a ramp stone instead of the water channel, Fig. 29 an installation system similar to Fig. 25 with grass pavers arranged in front of the L-stones as a water-permeable layer, Fig. 30 a sectional view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 29, wherein an additional drainage layer is shown as a load-bearing layer below the grass pavers, Fig. 31 a representation similar to Fig. 30 with unbound bedding provided below the grass pavers, Fig.Fig. 32 shows an installation situation of the L-stones according to the invention with opposing support legs forming a channel, which are interlocked at the ends; Fig. 33 shows a representation similar to Fig. 32 with an additional box channel and below it the L-stones interlocked transversely and longitudinally; Fig. 34 shows a construction close to the prior art in the area of ​​a drain with channel stones (standard construction); and Fig. 35 shows a sectional view of a trough channel similar to Fig. 32 with a complex interlocking system for stabilization. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of concrete blocks designed as raised kerbstones 1, 1' in a position for use at a roadside. A row of these raised kerbstones 1, 1' is shown to define, for example, usable areas 2, 2' in a public space. The L-shaped blocks 1, 1', which can be installed in variable widths P, P', can be arranged in conjunction with a pedestrian or vehicular surface 16, 16'. In the area of ​​these raised kerbstones 1, 1', surface water W carrying contaminants and / or pollutants can flow away in the direction of the arrow shown and be directed to a drain or the like (not shown). The concept according to the invention provides, in the area of ​​this known "kerbstone system," that a concrete structure with improved "water-attracting" properties, usable as an additional drainage filter A, is integrated into the boundary formed by the novel raised kerbstones 1, 1'. The raised kerbstones 1, 1', which can also be produced in different widths P, P', are designed and positioned in the installation system such that a suction effect on the surface water W can be specifically utilized by means of the drainage filters A. With these raised kerbstones 1, 1', which have a protected installation position when bonded together, a sponge zone can be defined that draws water away from the back 3 or...Underside 4 of the L-shaped blocks directs the air out or – in suitably dry weather – redirects it from the surrounding area to the upper usable surfaces 2, 2' for evaporation. This installation system with the integrated drainage filters A, A', A" in the sponge zone thus makes it effectively usable for regulating climatic conditions in urban areas. Figure 2 illustrates the raised kerbstone 1 in perspective view, where this embodiment is intended to show a raised kerbstone 1" that acts as a "drainage filter" A" and is made entirely of drainage concrete 6. Such a stone 1" could be arranged in a row similar to Figure 1, alternating with known kerbstones in an "intermittent bond", so that the functions of the sponge zone are also achieved. Starting from this stone shape with leg layers B and C, further one-piece kerbstones 1 are shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 to 12, whereby these – in contrast to Fig. 2 – are formed as a two-layer composite with an integrated drainage filter A. With this “integrated” L-shaped stone, it has been possible for the first time to combine a layer of dense concrete 5 and a layer of drainage concrete 6, which acts as a drainage filter A, in a load-stable manner within an L-shaped stone, creating a functional unit for constructing the installation system that utilizes a sponge zone. The basis of this surprisingly effective construction is achieved by the fact that the drainage filters A, which can be used for water conveyance, can now be positioned in a sponge zone that can be specifically built up in the installation position and protected against traffic loads, weather influences and / or road pollutants for a long period of time.The drainage filters A of the sponge zone are provided with a drainage concrete 6 which is known per se and has a porous structure, and in its area a form 7, 7' of dense concrete 5, acting as a protective cover S ( Fig. 11 , Fig. 12 ), is integrated into the kerbstone 1, 1'. The raised kerbstones 1, 1' define a horizontal support leg 8 and a vertical bearing leg 9 in their installed position, whereby this L-contour can advantageously be manufactured without internal reinforcement. This also makes it clear that the at least one porous concrete layer 6 forming the drainage filter A can be optionally integrated into the concrete bond at either the support leg 8 and / or the bearing leg 9. The enlarged illustrations in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 to 10 clearly show that the linearly adjoining raised kerbstones 1 define at least one wastewater channel R on their front side, which intersects with the sponge zone in the area of ​​the drainage filters A. Water can seep away from this channel R, and at the same time the drainage filter is solids-proof, thus preventing the introduction of contaminants into the surrounding area from both the rear and underside. Furthermore, it has been found that the sponge zone formed by the drainage filters A is ideally suited for both biologically active drainage and water evaporation that can be used during dry periods. This can make a significant contribution to the future design of urban areas in the form of a "sponge city." In addition to the shape 7 shown in Fig. 11, Fig. 3 depicts a contour formed as a raised section 7' ​​for the drainage filter A, thus providing "indirect" protection S against contact and abrasion when the drainage filter A is rolled over – e.g., by a vehicle wheel or the like. Fig. 4 shows the simplest manufacturing version of the raised kerbstone 1 with a drainage filter A that completely covers the transverse side 10. With this embodiment, the boundary shown in Fig. 1 can be achieved with positional precision. The repeating layer A of the drainage concrete 6 on identical stones ensures a "forced" installation position, allowing for the construction of a precisely aligned sponge zone – largely without additional aids – and making both manual and machine installation of the stones 1, 1' possible. The illustrations in Figs. 5, 6, 7 to 8 clearly show that the dense concrete 5, 5' and the respective porous concrete layer 6, 6', 6" can be integrated into the contour of the L-shaped kerbstone 1 with variable volume fractions. In each of these embodiments, it is ensured that the adjacent legs 8, 9 of the L-stone 1, 1' in the installed position form, at least partially, the drainage filter A, A' of the sponge zone, which interacts with the wastewater channel R. Figures 9 and 10, as well as Figures 23 and 24, show constructions of L-shaped blocks 1 which, in the area of ​​the vertical support leg 9 in the installed position (and optionally also in the area of ​​the horizontal support leg 8, not shown here), are provided with special contour shapes K, K'. Figure 23 shows in particular a connecting contour suitable for interlocking the L-shaped blocks in the installed position (Figure 1), which is designed here as a tongue-and-groove system 11, 12. It is also evident that the raised kerbstone 1 can be provided with recesses 13 in the area of ​​the drainage filter A. In Figures 9 and 10, this recess 13 is designed in the form of a blind hole 14, which has a connection to the drainage concrete 6 at its bottom end E. In the embodiments shown in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24, the respective recess 13 in the form of a slot 14' or a blind hole 14" is also designed to be so deep that there is "air contact" with the drainage concrete 6.All of these recesses 13 are designed to provide an additional flushing connection to the drain filter A, thus enabling "system cleaning". The principle of the water-permeable "interlocking stone" during its production in a stone-making machine (not shown in detail) becomes clear from the mirrored representations of the raised kerbstones 1 according to Figures 13 to 16 and 17 to 21. The raised kerbstones 1 shown here are produced in the stone-making machine – with a vertical layer structure – in a schematically represented mold 15. The contour of the L-shaped stone is determined by the structure of the mold 15 and a variable die 15'. In particular, tongue-and-groove profiles 11, 12 can be incorporated using the die 15' (and a counter-mold 15"). It is provided that the L-shaped block 1 can be formed entirely from drainage concrete 6 (Figs. 13, 14, 15 to 16). In an advantageous embodiment (Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20 to 21), however, a dense concrete 5 is placed as a base layer in the lower area of ​​the mold 15, and above this dense layer 5, a porous concrete 6 with a predetermined concrete quality, structure, and respective volume fractions (Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20 to 21) can then be placed. This provides a drainage filter A, the design of which can be adapted to various installation systems. Through simple manufacturing in a stone-making machine, the L-stones 1, 1' are produced as series components, which can be positioned as hardened L-stones 1 in a precisely executable horizontal operating position.For the first time, a load-stable composite of at least two concrete layers can be used across the entire area of ​​the sponge zone, and the installation system can be installed on site with a long-term guarantee. The various designs of the L-shaped blocks 1 shown in Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20 to 21, which are not limited to these, demonstrate that the drainage concrete layer 6 can be positioned in variable locations, e.g., for the application shown in Figs. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 to 33. This allows the "sponge zone," which acts as a combined infiltration and evaporation zone, to be protected. The desired direction of infiltration and evaporation water is also determined. The amount of "controlled water" can be regulated by the respective volume of the drainage concrete layer and its void ratio. It is understood that the stones 1 shown in Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20 to Fig. 21 represent only a selection of embodiments and any combination thereof is conceivable. In particular, it is provided that the strength values ​​required for withstanding breaking loads in the installed position, especially tensile stress and flexural strength, can be optimized on the two legs 8, 9 of the raised kerbstone 1 by means of the respective volume fractions of dense concrete 5 and porous concrete 6. This allows the raised kerbstone 1 to be adapted to its respective use in different service and / or traffic areas with minimal effort. It is also provided that – deviating from the illustrated contours of the laid raised kerbstones 1 – a design suitable for an arc-shaped installation in the installed position is also provided. A key advantage of the drainage filter concept described above in a boundary system is that the porous concrete layer 6 of the respective drainage filters A has a structure, position, and / or covering that is protected in its installed position, particularly from various weather and environmental influences such as de-icing salt or frost. This allows the entire system to be protected from direct frost and de-icing salt attack with minimal effort, thus ensuring the long-term stability of the boundary. In Fig. 22, an arrow F indicates a system load, e.g., from tire pressure. Besides the protection from de-icing salt, it also clearly shows that the respective drainage filter A is not subjected to pressure or friction by a secure cover 7 of dense concrete 5. Figures 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 to 33 illustrate further effective applications of the inventive design of the installation system. Figure 25 shows a boundary in which a drainage concrete layer 18 extends over the horizontal support leg 8 and under a paved surface 16 (e.g., in pedestrian areas). The lower drainage filter A can thus occupy a protected position, since traffic loads from a wheel R are absorbed and safely dissipated via several slabs 25 (width F). An additional drainage concrete layer 18 stabilizes the system, with parts of the material engaging in a retaining profile HP. A similar construction is shown in Fig. 26, where the paved surface 16 forms a channel 17 towards the L-shaped blocks 1, and the drainage filter A interacts with the additional drainage concrete layer 18 below this channel. An unbound bedding layer 23 (Fig. 31) is also conceivable in its place.In order to optimally absorb the wheel load R' through the composite action of the plates 25 and the L-stones 1, these have respective profiles 11, 12 ( Fig. 25) in the area of ​​the legs 8 and 9. In Fig. 27, the system described above is combined with a raised curb 19, so that the drainage concrete layer 6, which here extends to the upper edge of the raised curb stones 1, provides additional protection against being rolled over by the raised curb 19 towards the driving surface 16. A similar concept for protecting the drainage filters A is shown in Fig. 28, where a ramp stone 20 is combined with additional kerb stones 21 to protect the L-shaped stones 1 from overloading. In any case, it is planned that a foundation FD made of drainage concrete can be arranged under the L-shaped blocks 1, 1' to achieve stability and hydrophilic properties. It is also conceivable to provide a dense foundation under the L-shaped blocks for lateral drainage of water from the drainage filters A, A'. The illustrations in Figs. 29, 30 to 31 clearly show the use of grass pavers 22 in the boundary area. These grass pavers 22, which are also fixed by interlocking 11, 12 over the L-shaped blocks 1, can be supported by an additional layer of drainage concrete 23 or optionally have an unbound bedding 23' (Fig. 31), so that the drainage filters A can process the corresponding surface water W'. Figures 32 and 33 show further variations of the use of the raised kerbstones 1, in which these, arranged in pairs opposite each other, define a respective channel 24 from which the drainage-evaporation combination can become effective via the drainage filters A. In Figure 32, the channel 24 is protected by paving stones 26 above it, and in Figure 33, an additional box channel 27 is provided. The details concerning the stable component connection by means of the tongue-and-groove combinations 11, 12 on the side surfaces of the L-shaped stones 1, which are self-explanatory from the details in Figures 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 to 31, are not discussed again here. This also applies to the variable use of drainage concrete 18 and unbound bedding 23, 23' for the respective optimal fixing of the components within a load-stable installation system. The previously described applications of the raised kerbstone 1 clearly demonstrate that, even in the simplest design of the "water pipe in the system," stones can be used which, during production, are completely vibrated from the porous concrete in mold 15 (Fig. 13) (Fig. 2). Through optimal mixing and curing of this raw material, it has been achieved that surprisingly load-bearing shaped stones 1 can be provided for the construction of boundary systems. The optimal process for manufacturing the concrete blocks 1 according to the invention involves positioning the mold 15, which is to be filled with the pourable concrete material, in a filling position (Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 to 21) of the hardened L-shaped block 1, 1', at a 90° angle to its later installation position (Figs. 1, 11, 12, 25) relative to its later installation position (Figs. 1, 11, 12, 25). In this filling position, after a predetermined partial filling of the mold 15, a defined, compacted concrete structure can be produced by subjecting the mold 15 to a first vibration phase. Following this, at least one further layer of concrete made of porous concrete can be built up by means of a final filling, whereby a defined drainage filter zone is bonded to the dense concrete layer. Advantageously, a controlled vibration phase is initiated for this purpose.The intensity and duration of the vibration phase can be measured in such a way that optimal void ratios are achieved in the porous concrete structure intended as a "sponge-like" drainage filter. The first dense concrete structure, introduced as partial filling into the mold 15, can be compacted in the stone-making machine using a known core concrete vibration process. Subsequently, the raw material for the open-pore structure is introduced in such a way that the aggregates of a drainage concrete mix, optimally blended for a porous structure, are variably adapted to the pore structure and diameter intended for an optimal sponge zone. It is also conceivable that the L-shaped kerbstones 1 are formed with more than the two layers described above. In particular, the process in the stone-making machine is designed so that the open-pore drainage concrete is integrated into the L-stone like a facing layer, and the aggregates it contains, such as ceolites, pumice, lava, slag, or similar materials, are tailored to the respective intended filter function in the area of ​​the road edge. In a further embodiment of the production of the L-stones 1, 1', it is conceivable that a process is used in which the open-pored structure and / or the dense layer of the L-stone are formed from a geopolymer. The inventive concept of manufacturing and using L-stones 1, 1', 1" in an installation system (Fig. 25, Fig. 26, Fig. 27, Fig. 28, Fig. 29, Fig. 30, Fig. 31, Fig. 32 to Fig. 33) requires novel solutions in its area, which result from the functional effects of water storage and release. Fig. 34 shows an example of the standard construction method with a channel boundary having opposing L-shaped stones 1, 1 (similar to Fig. 32). In the event of a wheel R rolling over the system – a less relevant application for a sidewalk – the system could be damaged by the wheel load R', as the tilting moments KM on the legs 8 and 9 of the L-shaped blocks 1, 1" could lead to changes in position. Therefore, an improved design according to the invention (Figs. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 to 35) is implemented by means of additional manufacturing process variations (not shown in detail). During production, the special interlocking profiles can be formed by variable combinations of the load, die, and forming flanks. This stabilizes the installation system ES according to Fig. 35 with a plurality of interlocking profiles 11, 12 in such a way that a wheel R (Fig. 35) rolling over the system is prevented.25) the then completely covered channel WR can be opened without damage. The entire structure is loaded as a single unit, and the load distribution into the subsoil is optimal. This can then be designed variably as a load-bearing layer, frost protection layer, or natural soil – depending on the traffic load. The examples of installation systems described above, using the novel L-stones 1 as part of edge fixings, demonstrate the significant improvements of the professional standard construction method (e.g. Fig. 34 , DIN 18318.6). The drainage channel or similar reinforcements planned along the edge of a road or path are typically constructed in the foundation area using earth-moist mixtures of dense concrete (layer FD). These mixtures are placed on site in such a way that the required compressive strength values ​​are only achieved through subsequent vibration or tamping. The inventive, form-integrated installation system based on the complex L-shaped block 1 improves compliance with the regulations according to DIN 18318. Starting from the optimizable conditions for compacting concrete mixtures in molds on block-making machines (already described in conjunction with Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 to 21), "shape- and strength-optimized" L-shaped blocks 1 can now be provided on the construction site. This allows for quick and error-free alignment of the elements with reduced effort and – due to the contour shapes of the L-shaped blocks 1 – is achieved. This largely results in a channel- or trough-like arrangement, creating a "form trough" for further construction, defined on the underside and edges by the profiling of the L-shaped blocks 1.The stiff, soft, or plastic mixture can now be optimally introduced into this trough-like contour so that this concrete 18 – similar to the molded parts 15, 15', 15" – is positioned with pinpoint accuracy, can harden, and thus remains permanently beneath the driving surface 16 (Fig. 25, Fig. 26, Fig. 27, Fig. 28, Fig. 29, Fig. 30, Fig. 31, Fig. 32 to Fig. 33; Fig. 35). This structural orientation of the components and their functionally integrated combination implements a drainage and evaporation concept in which variably interacting "sponge zones" A, 6, 18 are positioned in a protected installation position, thus ensuring long-term stability. Compared to the dense foundation concrete according to standard construction methods, the concrete of the sponge zone with A, 6, 18 can be more easily treated by wetting over the entire curing time.The dense concrete of the L-shaped blocks (5, 5'), when installed in a protected area, can consist of concrete aggregates with high water absorption. These high-water-absorbing aggregates, a textured concrete surface on the L-shaped block, and / or an optimal water-cement ratio of the concrete mix in the block-making machine enable high water absorption by the L-shaped block. The L-shaped block can be sprinkled with water before installation. A damp precast concrete element bonds more easily with concrete made from earth-moist mixes. The sponge concrete (A, 6, 18) can absorb water from damp L-shaped blocks during the curing process. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature DE 68 07 482

[0002] DE 35 00 271 A1

[0002] DE 36 32 620 A1

[0003] DE 195 01 091 C2

[0003] DE 198 37 326 A1

[0004] DE 20 2007 008 765 U1

[0004] DE 10 2011 080 259 A1

[0004] DE 11 2009 003 630 T5

[0005] DE 10 2011 055 595 A1

[0006] DE 20 2012 101 154 U1

[0006] DE 20 2015 105 972 U1

[0006] DE 20 2017 005 994 U1 [0006, 0009]DE 10 2020 122 516 A1

[0007] DE 20 2023 100 527 U1

[0008]

Claims

Concrete block, preferably in the form of an L-shaped raised kerbstone (1, 1', 1"), wherein several of these concrete blocks define an installation system intended in particular for the delimitation of areas (2, 2', 16) of the public space and in this area at least a subset of surface water (W) carrying contaminants, pollutants or the like flows along, characterized in that in the area of ​​at least one raised kerbstone (1, 1') installed as a delimitation a concrete structure (6, 6') which can be positioned as a protected drainage filter (A, A', A") is provided. Concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that a sponge zone can be defined with the drainage filters (A, A', A") of the raised kerbstone (1, 1', 1") which exerts a suction effect on the surface water (W) and only directs this water from the raised kerbstone (1, 1', 1") to the area (3, 4) covered by it, as well as directing adjacent soil moisture from this area (3, 4) back into the environment for evaporation. Concrete block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the L-shaped kerbstone (1, 1', 1") is formed in multiple layers, preferably in two layers, such that a layer of dense concrete (5) and a layer of drainage concrete (6) acting as a drainage filter (A, A') form a functionally highly load-bearing unit when constructing a protected, positionable sponge zone of the installation system. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drainage filters (A, A') of the sponge zone integrated into the installation system are protected against traffic loads, weather influences and mechanical damage. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the environment (3, 4) in the area of ​​the discharge filters (A, A', A") is protected from the entry of pollutants. Kerbstone according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drainage filters (A, A') of the sponge zone are contoured with a porous concrete drainage concrete structure and in the area of ​​this contour a form (7) of dense concrete (5) acting as a protective cover (S) is integrated into the high kerbstone (1, 1'). Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one wastewater channel (R) having the sponge zone with drainage filter (A, A') can be defined on the front side of the L-shaped installed high kerbstones (1, 1'), from which an entry of pollutants into the environment (3, 4) can be avoided on the rear and / or underside, and the sponge zone formed by the drainage filters (A, A') is provided for both biologically active drainage and, in the reverse direction, water evaporation of adjacent soil moisture that can be optimized. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the dense concrete (5) and the porous concrete (6) with variable volume fractions can be integrated into the load-stable contour of the L-shaped kerbstone (1, 1') in such a way that, in the installed position, adjacent legs (8, 9) of the L-stone (1, 1') form, at least partially, the drainage filter (A) of the sponge zone that interacts with the wastewater channel (R). Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the kerbstone (1, 1') having a horizontal support leg (8) in the installed position and a vertical contact leg (9) is manufactured without internal reinforcement and the at least one porous concrete layer (6) forming the drainage filter (A, A') is optionally integrated into the at least two-layer concrete composite on the support leg (8) and / or on the contact leg (9). Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the two-layer high kerbstone (1, 1') can preferably be produced in a stone-making machine with vertical layer construction, wherein the open-pore concrete inserted above the dense concrete (5) can be produced in concrete quality, structure and volume fraction with predictable strength values ​​on the hardened block and thus a long-term stable bond for traffic loads or the like can be provided for a necessarily predetermined service position of the installed L-blocks (1, 1'). Concrete block according to claim 10, characterized in that the strength values ​​(tensile stress, flexural strength, tipping load) required for absorbing breaking loads in the installed position are optimized on the two legs (8, 9) of the kerbstone (1, 1') by means of the respective volume fractions of dense concrete (5) and porous concrete (6) and thus the kerbstones (1, 1') are adaptable to the respective use in different usable and driving surfaces (2, 2', 16) of installation systems. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the kerbstones (1, 1') are provided for linear or arcuate laying in respective installation positions. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the porous concrete layer (6) of the drainage filter (A, A') has a structure, position and / or cover (7) that is protected in the installed position from the respective weather influences such as de-icing salt or frost, such that direct frost and de-icing salt attack is preferably prevented on walking and driving surfaces. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the L-block (1, 1', 1") has a connecting contour suitable for interlocking the L-blocks in the area of ​​the vertical support leg (9) in the installation position and / or the horizontal support leg (8), e.g. a tongue and groove contour (11, 12, 11', 12'), such that even extreme tipping loads (KM) on the blocks or their upper edge areas can be absorbed by the installation system without damage and transferred into the substructure. Concrete block according to claim 14, characterized in that the kerbstone (1, 1') is provided in the area of ​​the drainage filter (A, A') and / or the two legs (8, 9) with at least one recess, molded recess and / or chamfer (13, 14) which is horizontal in the installation position, such that an additional cleaning and flushing connection to the drainage filter (A) is formed by means of an intersection of this recess (13, 14) with the respective drainage concrete layer (6).

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