Device and measurement data processing for the detection of sound, infrasound, carrier frequencies and average noise sound pressure level in the medium air

Abstract

Device and measurement processing for the detection of sound, infrasound, carrier frequencies and mean noise sound pressure level in the medium air, characterized in that an analog hardware measurement chain is used for measurement signal generation and a digital measurement processing using the Discrete Fourier Transform, as well as the evaluation of the measurement results according to the model of the known amplitude modulation of sound waves, see Figure 1, as well as the derivation of the amplitude modulation formula (20) and the formula (21), temporal wave with carrier component and twin components.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a digitally supported measuring method according to the preamble of claim 1. 1.1 State of the art 1.1.1 The measurement technology hardware used • In Germany, the audiometers used are always calibrated according to the applicable DIN standard, see [umweltbundesamt_TEXTE_163-2020]. Calibration is generally technically supervised by an accredited testing authority. This is either the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig (Berlin), or a testing laboratory authorized on behalf of the PTB. • The PTB (German National Metrology Institute) prescribes the design of a level meter so that the device can be tested for correct function according to a strictly defined test protocol. This applies to both the device hardware and the device software. • Generally, the dB(A) sound pressure rating is used, and a hearing curve is generated according to a legally defined hearing curve specification, see (Federal Environment Agency of 08 February 2013 , Fig., e.g. with the weighting filter-A (DIN EN 61672-1) in the frequency range 10Hz - 20kHz), according to TA-Lärm. • The TA-Lärm (Technical Instructions on Noise Protection) was put into service about 20 years ago, with the assessment filter A (DIN EN 61672-1), created by the air conditioning industry, on behalf of the then responsible Federal Ministry. • Since digital measurement processing has found its way into measurement technology, the DFT (Digital Fourier Transform) has also been used in sound pressure measurement. This technique enables the handling and use of entire frequency spectra (frequency / amplitude) during measurement acquisition and lends a high degree of transparency to the evaluation of the measured values. • DFT fundamentally enables the targeted selection of desired frequencies, which represents an enormous technological advance. 1.1.2 Handling an official sound pressure measurement • In Germany, sound pressure is measured in dBSPL (decibel sound pressure level) and then evaluated using a (above) weighting filter to meet the specifications of the hearing curve, see Fig. to do justice to the situation. • In Germany, this requirement is met using a so-called A-filter, see Fig. , and is legally required. The measurement result is then a single sound pressure level measurement value in the unit dB(A). • Standards and regulations use assessment filters according to type A, C or CCIR 468-2, see Fig. . • Existing periodic noises, such as the ticking of a clock, are subsequently removed from the measurement to provide a particularly accurate measurement, at least superficially. • The sound pressure level unit dB(A) is recognized in German courts. A single dB(A) measurement is used to determine whether or not there is a significant noise nuisance. • Of course, several measurement locations are examined, but in principle only a single numerical value in dBA is used and compared with the legal value, according to the applicable TA-Lärm. 1.1.3 Reasons for the vulnerability of dB(A) measurement

[0002] However, an evaluation using an A-filter can drastically alter the measurement result (e.g., in the frequency interval 0 Hz - 20,000 Hz) if the measured noise event contains low-frequency sound waves.

[0003] It goes without saying that the above suspicion is only meaningful if it is possible to prove the suspected low-frequency sound waves in a plausible way using measurement techniques and physical evidence. • A frequency component of approximately 5.6 Hz is attenuated by an A-filter with approximately -89 dB, which technically corresponds to total erasure, although physically this carrier frequency is precisely what dominates the human hearing experience, since this carrier frequency originates from a thermodynamic process, characterized by an amplitude modulation, f_T = 5.6 Hz, see measurement results (26). • It remains up to the expert to determine whether such a complete elimination from the measured value corresponds to a valid assessment or not, as a whole range of special physical effects must be taken into account. The reasons for this are obvious: the higher power density of today's air conditioning units, their significantly increased size, and the acoustic radiation of the units. • Nature uses an infrasound carrier frequency f_T merely as a means of transport for incoming (amplitude-modulated) machine noise, which, thanks to the carrier frequency (see [University of Music and Performing Arts Graz]), is received by the entire human body and transported directly to the middle ear receptor via solid-state conduction (the bones). Experts refer to this as an infrasound mechanism, or more accurately, sound pollution. • The middle ear itself then takes over the demodulation of the received information. This means that the person receives the incoming information twice, because the carrier transmits the information twice (twin), coupled with a slight phase shift, see Fig. . • The result is a floating oscillation in the listening experience, which in the WORST CASE receives an extra amplification of 6dB, see formula (23), but all of this will be explained in more detail later. • It is important to note here that the defining characteristic of infrasound is the loudest possible transmission of information (sound pollution), rather than precise, faithful reproduction. This is why the terrible noise events occur when infrasound transmission is involved. • The TA-Lärm refers to DIN 45680 with its associated supplement_1, in the version of 1977. • The above standard DIN 45680 is currently undergoing a comprehensive reengineering process, which is not yet complete, as its practical applicability is not yet assured. It is recommended to wait for the revised version of this standard; see sources, [rw bauphysik page 4]. • In effect, we are ultimately in an assessment and measurement vacuum regarding infrasound, which will not close on its own. Our newly developed infrasound measurement solution, including sound pressure level assessment, offers a significant and lasting solution here (see [link]). Fig. , Fig. and Fig. , which was compiled by highly capable professionals, using the latest know-how on noise and publicly available data. • This means the infrasound problem can be considered identified and solved. Further details can be found in the utility model described here.

[0004] The invention belongs to the field of acoustic measuring instruments that can detect the normal frequency range from 24Hz to 20kHz and can also reliably detect the extremely important infrasound from 0Hz to 24kHz.

[0005] The invention avoids any subsequent manipulation of the obtained sound pressure measurements.

[0006] This property is essential if one wants to track down frequencies originating from acoustic waves, which are also very harmful to humans.

[0007] A major reason for the present invention is that a company generates infrasound on a larger scale and introduces it into our local residential environment.

[0008] The goal is to measure, record, and physically understand the actual noise input. 1.2 Research on the state of sound pressure measurement technology • The in Fig.The notation dB used here means the same as the international notation dBSPL used in the present invention. The so-called dB values ​​are referenced to a standardized sound pressure P_0 = 20 µPascal. This means that 0 dB corresponds to a physical sound pressure of exactly P = 20 µPascal (at a reference frequency of 2 kHz). • Fig. It contains essentially no information that wouldn't already be known to experts. However, it is a clear summary of the currently accepted classification of acoustic frequency ranges. • However, it must be noted that a hearing test after Fig. At (120 dB == 120 dBSPL) this is not possible, as the test subject would lose consciousness in less than 200 seconds. As you can see, sound pressure is a treacherous thing. • However, the original hearing curve (headphones, quiet) only applies at approximately 30 dB, f ≥ 30 Hz, and only in a laboratory setting, a fact that is often overlooked; see also Fig. . • Today, manufacturers are able to completely circumvent the TA noise regulations by using favorable frequency response measured in dB(A), and only in dB(A). • As the present invention demonstrates, a truly simple, transparent, reliable, and physically accurate assessment of machine noise can be made entirely without the need for a hearing curve / dB(A) evaluation. This is achieved by utilizing the publicly available sound pressure scale according to the averaging of DIN 45 643 (Aircraft Noise Act L_eq4), see [link / reference]. Fig. , Fig. and Fig. , in dBSPL sound pressure level. The averaging L_eq4 according to DIN 45 643 of the German Aircraft Noise Act is also present in German law. • 10 2018 105 395.9 Patent in force [Bohne, Jens, Daniel, Dr.] Infrasound ultrasonic pump for freeze-drying First publication 12. 09. 2019 Bohne, Jens, Daniel, Dr. 06577 Heldrungen, Binev DE, 22880 Wedel, DE (57) Abstract. The invention relates to a method for operating an ultrasonic pump (10), a method for freeze-drying a material to be dried (60), an ultrasonic pump (10), a freeze dryer (20) and the use of an ultrasonic pump (10) for freeze-drying. • 50 2014 005 350.7 Patent in force [Biedermann, Petra Sonja] Method and device for the detection and localization of infrasound First publication 04. 12. 2014 Biedermann, Petra Sonja, 23669 Timmendorfer Strand DE (57) Abstract. The invention relates to a method and a device for the detection of infrasound. In particular, the invention relates to a method and a device with which the direction and optionally the position of an infrasound source can be determined. The detection method according to the invention provides that, for the detection of infrasound (I) at a measuring point, a container (1) which is partially filled with a fog (N) embedded in a carrier medium such that a fog surface (2) is present, is exposed to an infrasound source (3), so that the resulting pressure change over time leads to the formation of an optically detectable directed front (4) on the fog surface (2). • 10 2018 113 565.3 Patent expired [STOLLE, Martin] Test device, in particular for investigating the influence of infrasound on biological systems First publication 12.12.2019 Stolle Martin, 66226 Saarbrücken, DE (57) Abstract. The invention relates to a test device, in particular for investigating the influence of infrasound on the human organism and other biological systems. The test device according to the invention is characterized by a test chamber (3) and devices for generating pressure changes in the test chamber (3) that correspond to the pressure changes at a location in an infrasound field. The test chamber is sealed against pressure changes inside and against infrasound acting from outside by an airtight seal. • 10 2021 210 543.2 Patent in force [Koehne, Martin] Transmission of energy by means of infrasound for the operation of IOT devices. Koehne, Martin, 71679 Asperg First publication 20. 04. 2023 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Stuttgart DE (57) Abstract. The invention relates to a method for the wireless transmission of electrical energy for supplying IOT (Internet of Things) devices, and a receiving unit for receiving sound waves, in particular in an infrasound range, for operating IOT devices. • EP 4 357 738 A1 Patent in force [BARONE, Fabrizio] Directional sensor for measuring infrasound and corresponding transmitter First publication 24.04.2024 BARONE, Fabrizio, Baronissi, (SA) , IT 84081 Baronissi, IT (57) Abstract. The invention relates to a mechanical receiver that measures low frequencies (infrasound) propagating in liquid and gaseous media for scientific, civil engineering and industrial applications, and a mechanical transmitter (source) of acoustic signals in the same frequency band. 1.3 Introduction to the new sound pressure measurement technology using the enclosed drawings and images

[0009] A key basis of the present invention is the application of the Fast Fourier Transform in the form of the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform). It is a very common method capable of detecting frequencies hidden within noise.

[0010] DFT represents the state of the art in audio research and is now used as a standard tool for investigating noise. It should also be noted that DFT is the basis for the production of the music compact disc as well as the production of synthetically generated music, see [Curtis Roads].

[0011] The invention consists of • an analog and digital measurement chain Fig. • and a frequency measurement and evaluation method according to chapters -Infrasound and amplitude modulation-, Fig. , -Accepted, approximate calculation of the mean sound pressure level- according to formula (24).

[0012] The digital recording and the necessary Fast Fourier Transform (Discrete Fourier Transform) provide: • the digital PCM recorder from [TEAC CORPORATION] • and DFT software package WavePad_ver.12.25 from [NCH software]

[0013] An energy-equivalent averaging according to the aircraft noise law DIN 45641 (L_eq4 = not dB(A)) is available: • Publicly made Fig. , consisting of the referenced noise source and typical sound pressure in Pascal Pa (including conversion to dBSPL), whose key feature is that infrasound is not factored out but explicitly retained. No subsequent manipulation of the measured values ​​is performed, as the sound pressure levels are specified in dBSPL. • Averaging according to DIN 45643 is also possible, likewise without filtering, in accordance with the aircraft noise law (L_eq4). This averaging incorporates the frequency, duration, and intensity of the individual aircraft noise events. • In our case of measuring noise from air conditioning systems, this averaging is automatically fulfilled, since only monotonous conditions exist, according to the 24-hour operation of the air conditioning systems. • The microphone array and the preamp amplifier generate the analog measurement signal from the applied acoustic sound pressure at the array diaphragm, see schematic diagram. Fig. . • The analog measurement signal is sampled, quantized, and digitized by the PCM recorder - TASCAM DR-05X - and digitally stored in a WAVE file, see schematic diagram. Fig. , PCM recorder 1.3. • All further signal processing steps are performed digitally on a personal computer using the program (DFT software package 1.3, program - WavePad_ver.12.25) which is specifically designed to process digitally recorded WAVE data. • The decoding of an existing infrasound entry is done by the processor of the measured WAVE file on the computer by analyzing the found frequency components accordingly, see Fig. (= manufactured frequency spectrum), formula (21) (= separation of carrier and twin) and Fig. (= timely analysis, or histogram). • This is the main step of the invention, since the infrasound frequencies (the carrier frequency) are always hidden in a frequency mixture.

[0014] To find the hidden infrasound (i.e., the generated carrier frequency of the noise), a physical-mathematical model of amplitude modulation, formula (21) (= separation of carrier and twin), is required, which is applied to the detected frequency spectrum. This model is nothing other than the well-known amplitude modulation, applied here to the acoustic waves in the medium of air.

[0015] In the chapter "Infrasound and Amplitude Modulation" (see (1.3.10)), the necessary mathematical algorithm is described that relatively easily brings to the surface what is of interest: the hidden infrasound and its associated infrasound carrier frequency. "Surface" in this context means that infrasound always functions exactly according to the principle of amplitude modulation, and in doing so, it also exhibits some surprising properties that make the auditory experience of noise so difficult for us – the victims of noise pollution. 1.3.1 The measuring chain

[0016] The US standard is specified in (dBSPL) (decibel sound pressure level) and is therefore valid worldwide, see Fig. , Fig. and [Jerad Lewis]. The US standard (IEEE) is generally used in microphone datasheets. • To convert the measured dB values ​​into physical sound pressures (milli-pascals), we use standardized reference values, see Fig. , which are defined according to the US standard for microphones and are valid worldwide in MIC datasheets, see also Fig. . • The measurement chain used consists of an acoustic horn, two microphone arrays ( Fig. ), two small-signal preamplifiers (2 x PREAMP according to Fig. ) and a stereo TASCAM DR-05X Linear PCM Recorder, [TEAC CORPORATION]. A detailed overview schematic can be found in Fig. .

[0017] The WAVE format is a standard format in the field of storing digital sound files without digital compression. • The analog signal of the MIC array name: Mess_Sig, see Fig. , is amplified by the PREAMP by 22 dB, see Fig. , in the TASCAM level control with a suitably selected level VK (see [TEAC CORPORATION] , or measurement chain Fig. ) further increased in order to finally be able to use the optimal measuring range of the TASCAM level meter. • Finally, the signal is electronically stored in a so-called WAVE file (PULSE CODE MODULATION), 24-bit quantization, digitization, sampling frequency f_S = 44.1kHz, in the form of a WAVE file.

[0018] The output values ​​of the TASCAM memory are the read coherent signal levels: • name:TASCAM Display from the display (visual: -50 dB ... 0 dB) • and the extracted digital data name:Mess_Sig_digital from digital storage (electronic, EEPROM module) 4 bytes of data words

[0019] Structure of the measuring chain, see (new: measuring chain principle), Fig. The analog electrical signals of the microphone array are amplified by 22 dB (PREAMP) across the entire frequency range. 1.3.2 Measuring Preamplifier Gain

[0020] The gain of the preamplifier (PREAMP) is known in principle through theoretical calculation of the two amplifier stages. However, a measurement of the gain in decibels (dB) is required; see [reference]. Fig. . 1.3.3 Manual calibration process

[0021] The goal of the manual calibration process is to find the correct preamp gain value. This value will be approximately 22 dB, see [reference]. Fig. .

[0022] This gain applies across the entire frequency range. The following measurement setup is used for the calibration process (see new: Determination of PREAMP GAIN). Fig. .: • The normal sound pressure level at the MIC array membrane serves as the signal input parameter. • The displayed measurement value of the TASCAM is the current measurement value. name:TASCAM​ Display(−50dB…0dB) • The electrical signal Sig_1(0VDC) of the TASCAM DR-05X is recorded once when the preamplifier has an operating voltage of 0VDC. • Furthermore, the electrical signal SIG_2(12VDC) is recorded when the preamplifier (PREAMP) is connected to the operating voltage 12VDC. • The effective gain PREAMP-GAIN of the preamplifier is then determined from the difference in the signal level values: PREAMP GAIN=Sig_2(12VDC)−Sig_1(0VDC)=22dB

[0023] By repeating the test several times, a reliable value of PREAMP-GAIN = 22 dB can be measured. 1.3.4 Acoustic transducer: Datasheet MK9767JLQ

[0024] Below is page 1 of the official datasheet for the MK9767JLQ electret, see Fig. , which represents the acoustic transducer used.

[0025] The EMC signal is amplified directly in the gate-source path by a field-effect transistor (FET), which results in the microphone's good sensitivity (SENSITIVITY = - 40dB(V)). 1.3.5 Definitions

[0026] In this invention, the microphone sensitivity is based on the US standard; see also Jerad Lewis (jerad.lewis@analog.com), MEMS microphone application engineer at Analog Devices [Jerad Lewis]. • SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO == SNR • According to the US standard, the microphone's signal-to-noise ratio (NOISE FLOOR, SNR = -60dBSPL) and the microphone capsule's nominal sensitivity (SENSITIVITY = -40dB(V)) at medium signal level are specified in dB(V), based on a hypothetical microphone with the characteristics of 94dBSPL at 1V electrical output signal and 1Pascal sound pressure at the capsule. • Definition of the Sound Pressure Level (SPL): 94 dB SPL ≈ 1 Pascal = 1 Nm² sound pressure

[0027] According to US standard (IEEE), all sound pressure levels specified in microphone datasheets are referenced to this very high sound pressure level of a hypothetical microphone (RE-FERENCE=94dB SPL).

[0028] In our microphone array measurement setup, we use this relationship to determine the actually measured DECIBEL SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL in dBSPL (==INPUT scale). 1.3.6 Microphone Basics and US Standard

[0029] The NOISE FLOOR of a microphone is defined as: NOISE FLOOR=REFERENCE−SNR==94 dBSPL−60 dBSPL=34 dBSPL

[0030] The SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio from the electret capsule's datasheet. The important microphone characteristic, noise floor, is used for constructing the input-output diagram according to... Fig. needed.

[0031] The input-output diagram represents our conversion table, which allows us to convert the measured voltage dB(V) into the physically effective sound pressure level dBSPL, or the physical sound pressure (millipascals). This property is crucial, as it allows us to directly determine the desired sound pressure (dBSPL), the ultimate goal of the entire operation. • The gain in measurement sensitivity is calculated by adding (electrical series connection) the microphone signals of a MIC array construction. There are five electret capsules (type: MK9767JLQ) electrically connected in series, see Fig. and Fig. , and result in the following gain in dB: Δ=MIC GAIN=10 log(52)≈14 dB • The gain of the small-signal microphone preamplifier is known and can be determined using the TEAC level meter, see Fig. : MIC-PREAMP-GAIN=22 dB(V) • From the given electret, see Fig. , the effective array sensitivity of the microphone array is calculated as follows: Array SENSITIVITY=SENSITIVITY+MIC GAIN==−40 dB(V)+14 dB=−26 dB(V) • The “smaller” the array SENSITIVITY value, the better the microphone array. • This array SENSITIVITY value is used for constructing the INPUT-OUTPUT diagram according to Fig. needed. • The newly obtained array sensitivity = -26 dB(V) must be visible in the INPUT-OUTPUT diagram. • To do this, the assignment of the INPUT-OUTPUT diagrams is shifted: The hypothetical reference value 94 dBSPL ≈ 1 Pascal is assigned the new array sensitivity = -26 dB(V). • The INPUT scale shifts upwards by 14dB, XOR the OUTPUT scale moves downwards by 14dB, see Fig. . • In general, the following applies to the calculation of the sound pressure SD (Pascal) at the point of immission, [sound pressure level acoustic waveform]: P0=20μPaSD=P0*10Measured value(dBSPL)20Lp=20*log(SDP0)(dBSPL) • The effective measured value should be entered in dBSPL, which is provided by the INPUT-OUTPUT characteristic. • The reference sound pressure P0 (1kHz or 2kHz) is the valid sound pressure reference value in acoustic calculations according to the applicable DIN standard. 1.3.7 MIC-ARRAY INPUT-OUTPUT diagram

[0032] In the designed MIC array, the effective SENSITIVITY increases by 14 dB due to the electrical series connection of the capsules, see Fig. and MIC-DIAGRAM ([Jerad Lewis]).

[0033] However, from an acoustic point of view, the capsules are connected in parallel.

[0034] By increasing the active membrane area fivefold through an array, the adaptation of low frequencies (infrasound) is significantly improved, or the forced resonance through exciting infrasound is substantially improved.

[0035] In our invention, this property is very important, as it is necessary to detect precisely these dangerous frequencies. This is the main task that the MIC array technology must fulfill.

[0036] The MIC array technology also reduces the minimum noise floor by 14 dB to a value of 20 dBSPL (= 0.2 mPascal sound pressure), see Fig. , which represents a very good recording sensitivity and is needed to be able to measure background noise.

[0037] Background noise refers exclusively to sound waves, but not to static changes in air pressure that do not follow the physical laws of wave propagation (e.g., normal pressure equalization).

[0038] With the available technology, we are thus able to meet the requirements for physically correct sound pressure measurement in enclosed spaces, in accordance with applicable regulations in dBSPL, including international standards. 1.3.8 TASCAM level as effective, real sound pressure level

[0039] Due to the signal amplification that was performed VK2 The TASCAM level reading is too high. The applied gains must be reversed. The TASCAM adjustment time used is 1000 ms to ensure the display is as easy to read as possible.

[0040] The following is the calculation of the effective, real, coherent sound pressure level in dBSPL at the microphone array: • TASCAM display, see Fig. , with TASCAM calibration curves: TASCAM Display = TASCAM Display real + VK2 dB(V) • This signal amplification is used to make the signal levels (Measurement_Sig) clearly visible on the TASCAM display (optimal DR-05X display range), see Fig. , Signal: TASCAM Display. • The selected signal amplification (VK = 30 dB(V)) must be reversed in order to perform a correct signal evaluation, see Fig. , characteristic curve according to Fig. , in Signal-WAVE file: Mess_Sig_digital. • The TASCAM recorder's internal preamplifier (VK) allows for adjustable signal gain VK. The normalized DISPLAY value is: TASCAM display real = physically correct = TASCAM display only display -VK2 dB(V) • For this purpose, the electrical OUTPUT scale is used, see TASCAM calibration curves. Fig. , shifted downwards by half the amount of the set TASCAM signal gain ΔP0, relative to the acoustic INPUT scale. This is the TASCAM signal gain used in the digitized signal: ΔP0=VK*0.5=30dB(V)*0.5=15 dB(V)

[0041] The VK shift magnifies the recorded digital measurement signal (signal wave file) with a gain of VK / 2 = 15 dB(V). The normalized signal value Mess_Sig_digital_reell is calculated as follows: Mess_Sig_digital_reell==Mess_Sig_digital−(PREAMP+VK2) ​​(dB(V))COMP=PREAMP+VK2 (dB(V))

[0042] This procedure applies to all digital measured values ​​and calculated values ​​(e.g. DFT component) generated from the recorded WAVE file, as well as to the normalized DISPLAY value, see formula (12). • The signal level achieved in the TASCAM DR-05X should not exceed the limit of -12 dB, as the signal is dynamically attenuated from -12 dB onwards to protect the AD converters. • Signal values ​​above -12 dB are therefore reduced and stored in the TASCAM DR-05X, making them only conditionally usable for measurements.

[0043] The following section relates the sought-after sound pressure levels (dBSPL) to the electrically determined measured values ​​(dB(V)).

[0044] To make the conversion dB(V) ⇒ dBSPL quick and easy, a so-called 'modified conversion table' was created, see Fig. , Fig. and Fig. .

[0045] However, you don't need to do any calculations, you just need to read the corresponding values ​​from the table, row by row! 1.3.9 Modified Conversion Table - Date of Revision: May 3, 2022 -

[0046] The updated conversion table is based on the new preamplifier setting VK = 30 dB (TASCAM parameter).

[0047] This results in an updated COMP shift in the table displays. Fig. , Fig. and Fig. . • The hypothetical sound pressure level of 94 dBSPL is always assigned the valid value of the effective sensitivity, either a simple microphone or a microphone array. • We calculated the effective array sensitivity of the series connection to be array sensitivity = -26 dB(V). In a circuit without preamp gain (COMP=VK2) This value should be entered here, and the INPUT-OUTPUT diagram would then be defined, see Fig. . • However, with a MIC array, the entire signal gain must be included in the COMP. This is achieved by shifting the OUTPUT downwards, see [link / reference]. Fig. , Fig. and Fig.The electrical amplification is compensated again with respect to the INPUT scale, and the corresponding physically effective dBSPL sound pressure level can be read from the determined digital measurement value (right side), i.e., the left side. COMP=(VK2+PREAMP-GAIN)=37 dB • In practical terms, the OUTPUT scale, or rather the effective electrical gain COMP = 37 dB, shifts downwards. The effective array sensitivity then corresponds to the new INPUT reference value on the acoustic INPUT scale: INPUT reference value = 94 dB SPL − COMP == 94 dB SPL − 37 dB SPL = 57 dB SPL • The calibration procedure of the electret manufacturer applies, i.e., the specified sensitivity of the electret (RoHS compliant, EVE GmbH, Hollefeldstr. 16, 48282 Emsdetten, see datasheet). Fig. , Fig. . • The more precise the COMP calculation, the more precisely the acoustic measuring device works. • This means the acoustic measuring device is calibrated both electrically and acoustically. • The 3 enclosed illustrations Fig. are the extensive modified conversion tables, between the generated electrical Signal level Mess_Sig_digital (= OUTPUT scale, dB(V)) and the physically assigned Sound pressure level dBSPL (= INPUT scale) at the electret membrane. • You really don't need to convert any values! The necessary conversion is done automatically by the integrated scale shift (COMP-shift). You just need to read the values ​​correctly in the table with a keen eye. 1.3.10 Infrasound and amplitude modulation

[0048] The principle of amplitude modulation is subsequently applied to the transport mechanism of infrasound in order to shed some light on the mysterious properties of infrasound.

[0049] For this, we exclusively use physical-mathematical methods, which are very simple and easy to understand, as you will see.

[0050] In physical terms, the frequency f of an oscillation is given in Hz.

[0051] However, it is also possible to define a suitable angular frequency ω = 2π ∗ f for each frequency, which in 1 sec is specified.

[0052] The reason for this additional definition is the Fourier plane (angular frequency / amplitude), which is used in the world of sampled signals.

[0053] The present invention also makes intensive use of the (no longer entirely new) means of signal scanning.

[0054] Therefore, when numerical values ​​for frequencies appear, it can either be the familiar physical unit Hz, or the new unit 1 sec, represents a single angular frequency component. • Let the harmonic u_NF (f_i, t) be assumed to be known. This harmonic is generated by the thermodynamic process of the air conditioning system (compressor, axial compressor, radial compressor). The harmonic has the angular frequency ω_i = 2π f_i. • Furthermore, the thermodynamic process generates the unwanted wave u_T (Ω_T, t), with the small angular frequency Ω_T = 2πf_T. This wave with the very low angular frequency Ω_T can be considered the carrier wave (the carrier frequency) from infrasound.

[0055] What happens now to the carrier wave u_T (Ω_T, t) and an arbitrary harmonic u_NF (ω_i, t)?

[0056] In the thermodynamic process, an amplitude modulation develops from a physical point of view, because practice shows that the infrasound wave (traveling wave) is very stable and has considerable advantages in its propagation properties compared to the harmonic u_NF (ω_i, t), which also travels in the medium of air: • Infrasound waves have a significantly lower dissipation (friction in air) than normal airborne sound. • The infrasound wave in air conditioners always has a significantly higher amplitude (and power) due to its thermodynamic origin. • The infrasound wave has a significantly greater range than the harmonic wave, approximately 2 km or more on level terrain (approximately 8 km).

[0057] The mathematics of the amplitude modulation model is very simple.

[0058] We need this model to better understand the physical processes of infrasound: Electromagnetic wave: Ω>>ω assigned sign=(+) Infrasound wave: Ω<<ω assigned sign=(−)

[0059] u_AM (ω_i , t) = the amplitude-modulated, transmitted wave through the infrasound (the information plus the postman). u_NF(ω_i , t)=U_NF*cos((±)ω_i*t)

[0060] Without a circuit-based summing circuit on site (as in radio technology), nature now adds the (assumed to be almost) constant instantaneous value u all by itself. T (Ω, t) (stable support) to the fast instantaneous value u NF (ω i , t), assuming that formulas (17), (18) are valid.

[0061] This is important from a physics perspective, because the carrier frequency Ω has a significantly lower (circular) frequency than the sound event to be transmitted in the case of infrasound u_NF (ω_i , t), see Fig. .

[0062] In infrasound transmission, the carrier frequency Ω is always significantly smaller than the useful signal frequency ω, in stark contrast to radio technology (electromagnetic wave), where the carrier always has a significantly higher frequency than the useful signal.

[0063] In order to distinguish between these two cases of amplitude modulation, we need the sign (±) introduced above in mathematics, see formula (17) and formula (18).

[0064] This process of amplitude modulation always occurs when nature encounters infrasound on site.

[0065] General derivation of amplitude modulation: Infrasound wave:Ω<<ωi VZ=(−)uAM(t)=(UT+UNFcos((±)ωit))cos((±)Ωt)uAM(t)=UTcos((±)Ωt)+UNFcos( (±)ωit)cos((±)Ωt)==UTcos((−)Ωt)+UNF2[cos((−)(Ω−ωi)t)+cos((−)(Ω+ωi)t)]

[0066] As can be clearly seen, the negative sign (-) can be removed from the descriptive equation (20) because the COS is symmetrical about the axis. Therefore, with infrasound (carrier component) in the sound event, the following is obtained for the human receiver: uAM(t)= UTcos(Ωt)︸=carrier share +UNF2[cos((ωi−Ω)t)+cos((Ω+ωi)t)]︸=twin shares • The oscillations of the twin components have a frequency difference (bandwidth) of B = 2Ω, i.e., a very small frequency difference between them with respect to the angular frequency ω. i The twin parts can also be referred to as the information. • The frequency f=ω2π[Hz] is in the DFT diagram, see Fig. , the frequency of any sound pressure level component in Hz, which can be easily identified, for example, using a DFT. • The waves transported in this way always arrive in pairs (ω = ω). i ± Ω) with a very small frequency difference B, which can also be very nicely verified from the generated DFT diagram, see the Fig. . • The numerical values ​​of the essential twin characteristics can be found in the tables provided, see Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. • Here, in our very practical model, there is no trace of a dB(A) rating, which can only be false if infrasound is present (repeated for the benefit of the lobby). This statement is not new and is widely supported by a number of acoustics experts.

[0067] But the final evaluation of the findings is still pending and is only now being released: • Experience shows that when frequencies (of sound waves) with a bandwidth equal to or less than B are adjacent to each other, a superposition of these waves inevitably results in so-called beat frequencies. This is also the physical explanation for the phenomenon. • The prerequisite here is, of course, that the twin is not merged into a single center frequency, but that the twin can be clearly identified in the frequency spectrum, i.e., the circular frequencies (ω) i - Ω) and (ω i + Ω) are still recognizable. • The averaging of these twin frequencies represents the principal frequency ω i = 2π ∗ f i in the middle of the twin, with a doubling of the sound pressure amplitude (mPa) to a good approximation. • You can use this simplification or not. In the latter case, you simply use the detected (circular) frequencies side by side. In the final overall result, both methods make no difference. • These forced beats (see DFT spectrum, Fig. ) have a bandwidth of B = 2Ω, and are therefore largely determined by infrasound transport. This corresponds to an increase in sound pressure level of 6 dB SPL for each detected, averaged frequency component ω. i from the DFT spectrum.

[0068] The human middle ear is thus forced to process the significantly increased amplitude of the frequency component ω. i to be heard, as the carrier wave Ω penetrates the human body:

[0069] Twin amplitude increase, WORST CASE scenario: UAM(t,ωi±Ω)⇒2*UAM(t,ωi)bandwidth of the forced beat with infrashall carrier frequency f_TB=2*Ω=2*2πfT • The above doubling through twin amplitude and the associated forced beat frequency in the sound are the reason why the human receptor must perceive machine noise as louder when infrasound (including superimposed information) is present. • This statement does not yet include the fact that infrasound has the property of penetrating all building materials except for meter-thick concrete. This should be made very clear at this point. • Also not yet included is the local resonance system, which is caused by the immediate structural situation. We have a 3- to 4-fold echo here, which was extensively tested during the foundation work in the summer of 2023, to the point of despair and beyond. Even the slightest infrasound excitations from air conditioning systems result in resonance and beat frequency in property 38, almost 24 hours a day. There are only a few, brief interruptions. 1.3.11 Summary of changes in sound pressure level due to infrasound

[0070] The above findings on sound transmission via infrasound lead to some significant changes in the calculation of the true sound pressure level L. p .

[0071] Twin amplitude increase, WORST CASE scenario: UAM(t,ω)≈∑ω−Ωω+ΩUAM(t;ω±Ω)Lp(t,ωi)≈20 log(2SDP0)=20 log(2)︸=6.020dBSPL +Lp(SD(t,ωi)P0) • Fig.(Frequency spectrum of a signal wave ω) i , transported by amplitude modulation of the infrasound carrier Ω, frequency twins) is to be understood as meaning that the presence of infrasound always results in an unwanted amplitude modulation. • The immediate consequence of this is an increase in the sound pressure amplitudes of all transported twins (the actual noise) by a factor of 2, or by 6 dB SPL, with respect to the unavoidable beat frequencies. That's a lot for the human middle ear (== infrasound has penetrated the bones!!!). • During the transport of information ω i With an infrasound carrier Ω, the quality of the transmitted information is therefore not so important, but rather the loudness of the information at the receiver. Infrasound achieves precisely this by nature and with impressive efficiency. 1.3.12 Calculation of the average sound pressure level

[0072] Using the identified frequency components ω_i, the (coherent) sound pressure level can be calculated. Where possible, we restrict ourselves to a few dominant frequency components to demonstrate that the infrasound present, which the victims are forced to hear, is the actual cause of difficult noise problems.

[0073] The FFT analysis, or the DFT, provides the distribution of the frequency components ω_i.

[0074] The phase shifts ψ_i in radians between the frequency components ω_i are unknown here, as the usable DFT algorithm from NCH does not provide phase shifts. However, knowledge of the phase shifts is necessary to accurately reconstruct the original signal; otherwise, the required algorithm is limited to military applications or is very expensive.

[0075] In general terms, the Fourier transform FFT also provides the distribution of the complex-valued phase shifts ψ_i.

[0076] However, for our purposes a DFT generating the phase shifts ψ_i is not available, and we do not need any knowledge of this complex distribution.

[0077] In the simple DFT analysis we are performing here, the calculation of the phase distribution is omitted because it is unnecessary in acoustic investigations (not electromagnetic radar!!). Reliable sound pressure results can be obtained even without this information (a mathematical luxury).

[0078] Accordingly, we do not have complete information (= phase position = coherent) about the interlinking of the frequency components ω_i, see also approximation formula for sound pressure level formula (24).

[0079] For this reason, the magnitudes of the frequency components ω_i of a simple DFT are treated approximately as coherent, and the addition of the frequency components is achieved by simply adding the sound pressures (logarithmically), according to rule (24).

[0080] This works if all essential sound pressure components are known with respect to the location under consideration. This is certainly the case with our measurement method using a microphone and DFT.

[0081] The formula for the approximate addition of the found sound pressure levels of frequency components L_pi is, [sound pressure level acoustic form]: log=logarithm to base 10Lω[dBSPL]=10*log(10Lp110+10Lp210+10Lp310+…+10Lpi10)

[0082] L_w is the unadulterated, audible, average sound pressure level for the human ear, including infrasound reception via the body's own bones.

[0083] Each frequency is counted only once, see column with marker x in Table 3. • The sound pressure level L ω It includes the components of the source frequency that, due to the powerful infrasound effect, find their way through the building's structure into the interior, and even take a direct path (bones, skull, etc.) to the middle ear. This is the achievement of an unadulterated sound pressure measurement inside a building, as it should be, from a physical point of view. • In comparison to the available measurement technology, the authority in Bamberg only uses measurements obtained outside the building in question, and these are even filtered impermissibly, at least in physical terms and in terms of good ethics. • Key effects, such as the transmission mechanism under infrasound transport, are not included in the currently legally defined measurement values. • Once generated, infrasound cannot be contained because it easily penetrates all common building materials. • The physical detection of infrasound is one of the services offered by our newly developed acoustic measurement technology. • Furthermore, the present invention already takes into account bone conduction (penetration of the middle ear is scientifically recognized), so that a truly reliable measurement result is achieved in every case, with a valid noise equivalent according to - averaging DIN 45 643 aircraft noise law L_eq4, Fig. - • A reliable assessment of noise in the presence of infrasound is only possible through thorough, comprehensive comparative measurements that also include local characteristics such as echoes and resonance with beat frequencies. Our invention also fulfills this requirement, as we measure directly on-site, i.e., at the location of the severe noise pollution. • Since the air conditioning systems of this company operate continuously and monotonously, the sound pressure measurements generated are also average sound pressure values, with regard to the data collection and the measurement technology used.

[0084] Thus, a high sound pressure level calculation value exists, generated from relatively few frequency components. This calculation value alone is sufficient to determine whether a noise level violation has occurred. Fig. Whether or not it is present, see [Sound pressure level-planet-knowledge], [Sound pressure level-learnedundpless], [Sound pressure level-acoustic form], Table 6 and Table 8.

[0085] However, the TASCAM DR-05X (TASCAM_Display) also provides [further details / information], see [link / reference]. Fig. , an analog measurement value (delayed by 1000 ms for reading), which is absolutely coherent according to physical assumptions.

[0086] These measurements in Table 7 represent the analog, normalized sound pressure levels fed into the TASCAM DR-05X with the adjustable TASCAM parameter VK2.

[0087] The normalized TASCAM display measurement values ​​are of course significantly higher, see the results in Table 6 and Table 8. 1.3.13 Essential properties of infrasound • According to the measurement technique in the present invention, the infrasound (here in the example the oscillation f_T = 5.6Hz, see measurement chapter [1.4], Fig. ) the easily audible frequencies by means of amplitude modulation, across all barriers, since only the carrier frequency f_T alone is responsible for the transport of the machine noise. • As a result, the human receptor receives sound directly through the natural ear opening, as well as through its bones and the entire body. • The carrier frequency in the bones is the source of machine noise due to the infrasound contribution, which accumulates in the middle ear: - Signal amplitude amplification due to the double information transmission in the WORST CASE - transported by the infrasound carrier Ω, in the form of a frequency twin (ω_i ± Ω), with beat frequency • Therefore, noise frequencies in an infrasound environment are perceived by the receptor as significantly louder than in a frequency space without infrasound. This is why dB(A) weighting is certainly not permissible in an infrasound environment, as the attached DFT analyses demonstrate. • The infrasound contribution is always extremely dominant compared to the other frequency components, • The result is unspeakable torment for the human recipient. They can only escape this process by fleeing into the distance, i.e., by exposing themselves to something beyond the range of the infrasound. 1.3.14 Technical specifications

[0088] The following is a summary of the technical characteristics of the present utility model: Maximum acoustic input (life-threatening!!): SD(120 dB SPL) = 20 μPa(10) 12020 = 20,000 mPa MIC reference sound pressure = 1 Pascal: Datasheet reference sound pressure: 94 dB SPL ≈ 1000 mPa: SD(94 dB SPL) = 20 μPa(10) 9420 = 1002.374 mPa Array reference sound pressure: 83 dB SPL = 0 dB(V): SD(83 dB SPL) = 20 μPa(10) 8320 = 282.507 mPa MIC array sensitivity: 57 dB SPL = -26 dB(V): SD(57 dB SPL) = 20 μPa(10) 5720 ≈ 14.159 mPa Physical MIC array noise FLOOR:20dBSPL=−63dB(V):SD(20dBSPL)=20μPa(10)2020=0.2mPa=−63dB(V) DEVICE−NOISE FLOOR:−100dBSPL=−17dB(V):SD(−17dBSPL)=20μPa(10)−1720≈2.825μPa

[0089] However, in the sound pressure range 1002.374mPascal ... 2.825µPascal, the measuring device operates linearly with respect to the logarithmic quantities used. 1.4 Measurement 1 on January 19, 2025

[0090] A Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) was generated from the recorded data of the measurement on January 19, 2025, at 2:09 AM, see [link / reference]. Fig. . Two DFT measurement channels can be seen as line segments in the colors green and ochre in the electronic display (screen), or two thin black line segments in the black and white display on paper.

[0091] The black grid superimposed with the frequency coordinate (Hz) and the sound pressure level coordinate (dB - - - dBSPL) can be seen in every representation.

[0092] Furthermore, a time-domain TFFT representation of the frequency components has been performed, see Fig. , over the entire recording period, approximately 20 minutes. • In a DFT, a frequency analysis is performed for all frequencies and documented in tables. A frequency analysis is always defined with respect to a fixed time t. s (time stamp of sample). • In a TFFT, an analysis is performed across the entire (temporal) length of the recorded WAVE file to examine specific frequencies (histogram). Among other things, the temporal occurrence of infrasound is explicitly investigated. • In the program, this is the frequency range 0 Hz ≤ f ≤ 20 Hz. In the diagram Fig. These areas are marked in grey. Grey (or blue and green, electronically) is the predominant color of the color shading there. 1.4.1 Frequency spectrum using DFT:

[0093] The Fig. shows the frequency spectrum of the recorded noise at time 0 h, 03 minutes, 06 seconds, 750 milliseconds.

[0094] A time point was chosen at which as many dominant frequencies as possible were recorded, in order to have a good data basis. • Depending on the timing of the beats, slightly different spectra are obtained. • However, for the human ear, the maximum beat frequency is always the essential sound pressure, since the ear always reacts to the WORST CASE. • This is what makes it dangerous for the human ear, as this effect occurs both in the air and in solid materials (e.g., the human skull, bones, middle ear, masonry). • However, together all the spectra produced show a very high level of infrasound frequencies, which should be a cause for concern for the expert. • Infrasound forces a permanent resonance in house 38, which cannot be escaped and which cannot be prevented by soundproofing measures, see (1.3.10). • And these noise attacks happen almost every day. Unfortunately, there are very few exceptions. Today is another one of those days where the author has to catch up on lost sleep during the day. The system was reactivated at approximately 8:35 a.m. and was switched off again at approximately 10:20 a.m. • So there is no discernible change in the noise situation (compared to previous days), which means that a permanent sleep deficit continues to occur, no REM sleep, but muscle cramps, memory gaps, etc. • In the days following January 31, 2025, up to the present day, there have also been severe noise attacks, which unfolded in much the same way as the attack described above. • In particular, the Sunday noise disturbances, which come exclusively from the company's air conditioning units, are noteworthy. And it shows no signs of stopping. • The manufacturers' lobby created the TA-Lärm (Technical Instructions on Noise Protection), and is now able to elegantly circumvent the same regulation by means of infrasound emissions, through the consistent application of the dB(A) measurement method.

[0095] The DFT analysis performed, including the identified frequency components, is shown in the diagram in Fig. (new: FFT_Traeger_250119_0922_02-09Uhr.jpg, timestamp: 0:03:06.750msec) can be seen, measured and recorded on Sunday, January 19, 2025. The file is approximately 20 minutes long, from 01:49 to 02:09. • Woken up at approximately 1:30 a.m. by the noise from the company's air conditioning units; a loud humming and hissing noise, lasting all night; sleep is impossible, only brief periods of sleep are possible; very tiring; the air conditioning noise stops at approximately 7:50 a.m., for the time being; • The noise starts again around 9 a.m. and lasts until noon, there's a short break, and then it starts all over again; you lose your sense of time; and you get gaps in your memory about what happened during the day; • The above frequency analysis DFT clearly shows that the company's local air conditioning units emit an infrasound component of approximately 11 Hz and introduce it into property 38 as an immission, at an amplitude L p = 37 dB SPL = 1.415 mPascal, as well as an infrasound component of f=23 Hz, with amplitude L p = 36dBSPL = 1.261mPa. • The reader should bear in mind that this noise is not absorbed through the eardrum, but rather that the entire noise is absorbed into our body via our bones, such as the arms, legs, skull – simply the entire body – and transmitted directly to the middle ear (receptors). This forces us to hear something we don't want to hear. • According to the TA-Lärm guidelines, this is inadmissible because the prerequisite for using dB(A) measurement is violated. • Infrasound is a type of acoustic pollution, which has been clearly demonstrated by the present utility model. The present further development serves as proof and simultaneously provides a clear and physical explanation of infrasound. 1.4.2 Time Representation TFFT

[0096] The histogram, this Timely DFT, has been divided into several frequency ranges. Displaying the frequencies over the entire recording duration is a special service provided by NCH software.

[0097] After Fig. This type of representation serves to make the dominant frequencies visible to the human eye, because often the dominant frequencies from machine noise cannot always be properly separated and recognized by the human ear.

[0098] The most important range here is between 0 Hz and approximately 21 Hz, shown in blue and green in the electronic version. In the paper version, everything is drawn in black and white. We see the typical infrasound frequencies, which are very strong and occur constantly, see... Fig. (Measurement 1) and Fig. (Measurement 2).

[0099] The highest measured sound pressure levels are 44 dBSPL, see (blue, electronic) levels shown in Fig. These are sound pressure levels that are already dangerous for people in terms of irreversible damage, since the sound pressure does not occur sporadically, but regularly.

[0100] To understand this, one must realize that these sound pressure levels only apply to the corresponding frequencies, and therefore do not represent average sound pressure levels, as is the case, for example, with the district office, which is the only authority that knows and uses them.

[0101] However, the DFT sound pressure levels of the frequency components are very informative, since the human ear always reacts to the worst-case scenario. This is nature's built-in self-protection mechanism, and it should still function with intact hearing.

[0102] The TFFT Diagram (new: TFFT Diagram: TFFT_Traeger_250119_0922 _02-09uhr.jpg) is in Fig. to find. The diagram below shows a graphical representation of all frequencies occurring during the entire recording period, here 20 minutes: • The (electronic version: green, paper version: black and white) areas indicate the frequency range 0 Hz ≤ f ≤ 21 Hz (right scale), which is also called infrasound. • The present temporal diagram is a physical demonstration of infrasound throughout the entire measurement period, created using modern methods of Discrete Fourier Analysis (DFT), with a sampling frequency f. s = 44100Hz. • The first piece of information regarding sound pressure is printed on the far left: At time T = 0h:01min:21sec.625msec, a strong infrasound amplitude with L_p = 47 dBSPL was measured. This value represents a very high sound pressure level, which is directly received by the human skeletal structure and transmitted through the skull directly to the middle ear receptor. • A total of 6 such selected time points T were graphically represented, with infrasound amplitudes in the range of 47 dBSPL, 43 dBSPL, 43 dBSPL, 43 dBSPL, 42 dBSPL, 44 dBSPL. • Since the recorded noise is purely monotonous, it must be assumed that the high amplitude values ​​from the infrasound range are present at all times and thus pose a serious health hazard. 1.4.3 Measurement tables for data source 15_01_19_2025_0922.wav • Tab (2) of measurement 250119 - 0922.wav, timestamp 0h, 03 min, 06 sec, 750msec • Tab (3) of measurement 250119 - 0922.wav, timestamp 0h, 03 min, 06 sec, 750msec • Tab (4) of measurement 250119 - 0922.wav, timestamp 0h, 03 min, 06 sec, 779msec Table 1: new: Sound pressure level: Measurement, recording time: January 19, 2025, approx. 2:09 a.m. 250119-0922.wav at night Recording date: January 19, 2025 approximately 2:09 AM TASCAM amplifier: VK=30 dB coherent TASCAM level: Measurement_Sig = -18 dB(V) coherent TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = -19 dB(V) coherent TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = - 20 dB(V) Display speed: t_in = 1000 msec, slow Measuring instruments: TASCAM DR 05X Measuring instruments: MIC small-signal amplifier U B = 12.0 Volts Vmax = 22 dB Frequency range: 0Hz ≤ f ≤ 21kHz 2 x 5 electret capsules: MK9767JLQ MIC array in the acoustic horn Type of flower pot FFT with WavePad ver.12.25 NCH ​​Software Table 2: Sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL and dB(A) Evaluation coherent measurement signal = associated Lp = coherent sound pressure -34dB(V) = 49dBSPL 5.636mPa WORST CASE== 49dB Whisper to normal conversation [Sound pressure level acoustic shape] h min sec msec Traeger time FFT 0 03 06 750 fHz FFTdB(V) L p dBSPL L p mPa AdB L p dB(A) B Hz 011 - --46 - - - 37 - - - 1.415 - - - -67.472 - - - -30.472 0 23 -47 36 1.261 -46.849 10.849 12 119 -56 27 0.447 -16.816 10.816 193 -58 25 0.355 -11.214 13.789 257 -60 23 0.282 -8.420 14.580 425 -63 20 0.200 -4.337 15.663 0 437 -63 20 0.200 -4.142 15.858 12 474 -64 19 0.178 -3.592 15.408 0 485 -63 20 0.200 -3.443 16.557 11 625 -63 20 0.200 -1.950 18.050 0 637 -63 20 0.200 -1.850 18.150 12 722 -59 24 0.316 -1.164 22.836 0 734 -59 24 0.316 -1.164 22.836 12 852 -58 25 0.355 -0.546 24.454 971 -60 23 0.282 -0.091 22.909 0 980 -61 22 0.251 -0,062 21.938 9 1422 -61 22 0.251 0.820 22.820 1787 -61 22 0.251 1.114 23.114 1884 -61 22 0.251 1.160 23.160

[0103] In Fig. (Measurement 1) In the frequency range 0 Hz < f < 1.25 kHz, the green-colored measurement channel is traced with a dashed black line to make it easier for readers of the black-and-white print version to follow the DFT frequency / dBSPL curve. Unfortunately, the black-and-white print version does not provide a good visual representation of the green and ochre lines across the entire frequency range, unlike the color display on the electronic screen.

[0104] However, the electronic version is also available for easy reading on the screen. Table 3: Continued, sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL and dB(A) h min sec msec Traeger time FFT 0 03 06 750 fHz FFTdB(V) L p dBSPL L p mPa AdB L p dB(A) BHz 1884 -61 22 0.251 1.160 23.160 x 3444 -60 23 0.282 1.134 24.134 3564 -60 23 0.282 1.101 24.101 4420 -60 23 0.282 0.806 23.806 5115 -58 25 0.355 0.501 25.501 5228 -59 24 0.316 0.447 24.447 B = 11.33 Table 4: Sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL and dB(A) h min sec msec Traeger time FFT 0 03 06 779 fHz FFTdB(V) L p dBSPL L p mPa AdB L p dB(A) 011 - - - -47 - - - 36 - - - 1.415 - - - -67.472 - - - -31.472 23 -46 37 1.261 -46.849 -9.849 967 -58 25 0.355 -0.104 24.896 1022 -59 24 0.316 0.065 24.065 1787 -58 25 0.355 1.114 26.114 3583 -60 23 0.282 1.096 24.096 5111 -59 24 0.316 0.503 24.053 1.4.4 Twin tables for data source 15_01_19_2025_0922.wav

[0105] Those who wish to utilize the advantages of digital signal processing can combine the generated Tables 2, 3, and 4 into a single Table 5 measurement table, sorted according to the twins found and frequencies.

[0106] In the following Table 5, the use of the amplitude correction Korr=6.02dB was omitted because the measured values ​​do not originate from the same sampling time (or sampling time window).

[0107] The table is derived from measurements taken at two different sampling times, separated by only a few milliseconds (29 milliseconds); see also Traeger-time DFT Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. However, each DFT component was counted only once; see also DFT component with marker x in Fig. 3.

[0108] The sampling rate of the sound pressure measurement is f_S = 44100 Hz. Physically speaking, this gives us a new measurement every T_S = 22.68 µsec, which allows us to identify and compare adjacent frequencies in terms of their amplitude.

[0109] Frequency twins can be found in this way if the physical basis for their existence is known. This is the case in our measurement method.

[0110] Therefore, we are able to find even those twins that could not be detected in a single sampling process (Traeger time DFT), but are identifiable in a sampling process generated a few microseconds later.

[0111] The entire listening experience with infrasound is always subject to a certain degree of beat frequency, which also affects the infrasound carrier frequency. Therefore, it is advisable to always specify statistical averages.

[0112] For example, if multiple sampling times T = T_i are used in the evaluation, then it is possible to always determine the average bandwidth B and the average carrier frequency f_T. Partial reading errors are thus sufficiently compensated. Table 5: new, sound pressure level journal L_p in dBSPL fHz FFTdB(V) L p (ω)dBSPL L p mPa AdB L p dB(A) BHz 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 -46 37 1.415 -67.472 -30.472 0 23 -47 36 1.261 -46.849 10.849 12 119 -56 27 0.447 -16.816 10.816 193 -58 25 0.355 -11.214 13.789 257 -60 23 0.282 -8.420 14.580 425 -63 20 0.200 -4.337 15.663 0 437 -63 20 0.200 -4.142 15.858 12 474 -64 19 0.178 -3.592 15.408 0 485 -63 20 0.200 -3.443 16.557 11 625 -63 20 0.200 -1.950 18.050 0 637 -63 20 0.200 -1.850 18.150 12 722 -59 24 0.316 -1.164 22.836 0 734 -59 24 0.316 -1.164 22.836 12 852 -58 25 0.355 -0.546 24.454 971 -60 23 0.282 -0.091 22.909 0 980 -61 22 0.251 -0,062 21.938 9 1422 -61 22 0.251 0.820 22.820 1787 -61 22 0.251 1.114 23.114 1884 -61 22 0.251 1.160 23.160 3444 -60 23 0.282 1.134 24.134 3564 -60 23 0.282 1.101 24.101 0 3583 -60 23 0.282 1.096 24.096 0 4420 -60 23 0.282 0.806 23.806 5115 -59 24 0.316 0.501 24.501 5228 -59 24 0.316 0.447 24.447 <> <> 41.252 2.310 - - - - - - 11.3 1.4.5 Measurement results Measurement 1 • In measurement 1, all frequency components are used to add the magnitude values ​​of the sound pressure components, which are approximately assumed to be coherent, according to formula Addition Theorem (24). • It is equally important to recognize that only the infrasound input is responsible for the relatively high value of the average sound pressure level. • The carrier frequency f thus determined T has better statistical confidence, which is always highly desirable. The addition theorem (24) yields the following result in terms of energy equivalent. Fig. , Fig. and Fig. : 250119_0922.wav B≈11.3 Hz f_T≈5.6HzLω≈41.252dBSPL≈2.310mPascalCarrier wavelength=CAerfT=331.6msec5.6Hz≈59.21Meter

[0113] According to the annulment according to DIN 45643 in accordance with the Aircraft Noise Act (L eq4 ) one obtains the noise equivalent: - whispering ... normal conversation -.

[0114] This represents a relatively high noise level at property number 38, as a corresponding noise level is emitted in Treppendorf almost 24 hours a day. Table 6: Averaging according to DIN 45 643 Aircraft Noise Act L_eq4 Situation or sound source DistanceSource1m Sound pressure level (RMS) Unweighted sound pressure level Whispering (normal) (conversation) 0.632mPascal...20mPascal 30 60dBSPL [Sound pressure level acoustic shape]

[0115] For comparison, the measured coherent sound pressure levels of the TASCAM DR-05X display are also available: Table 7: New: TASCAM DISPLAY values ​​normalized and converted to correct sound pressure levels dBSPL, recording time: January 19, 2025, approx. 2:09 a.m. DISPLAY Formula(11) - Input output -18 dB(V) -18 dB(V) - 15 dB(V) -33 dB(V) 50 dBSPL -19 dB(V) -19 dB(V) - 15 dB(V) -34 dB(V) 49 dBSPL -20 dB(V) -20 dB(V) - 15 dB(V) -35 dB(V) 48 dBSPL

[0116] Absolute sound pressure levels: Table 8: new: TASCAM sound pressure measurement: January 19, 2025, approx. 2:09 a.m. TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = (-18 - 15) dB(V) TASCAM level: Meß_Sig = 50 dBSPL ≈ 6,324 mPascal TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = (-19 - 15) dB(V) TASCAM level: Meß_Sig = 49 dBSPL ≈ 5,636 mPacal TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = (-20 - 15) dB(V) TASCAM level: Meß_Sig = 48 dBSPL ≈ 5,023 mPascal

[0117] Note also the enormous wavelength of the infrasound carrier frequency in air.

[0118] A distance of approximately 60 meters is a common distance in urban environments.

[0119] In an environment contaminated with infrasound, as a recipient you are always right in the middle, in the first, second or third wavelength, regardless of whether you are talking about a distance of 50 meters or 200 meters.

[0120] Traditional distance standards are invalidated by infrasound.

[0121] This property should always be remembered when dealing with infrasound! 1.5 Measurement 2 on Sunday, April 27, 2025

[0122] A DFT and TFFT were generated from the recorded data, see Fig. and Fig. . 1.5.1 Tables relating to the measurements • Figure (19), to file: 250427 - 0974.wav, timestamp 0h, 01 min, 20 sec, 257msec Table 9: Recording time: April 27, 2025, approx. 2:27 a.m. 250427-0974.wav at night Recording date: April 27, 2025 approximately 2:27 a.m. TASCAM amplifier: VK=30 dB coherent TASCAM level: Measurement_Sig = -18 dB coherent TASCAM level: Measurement_Sig = -19 dB coherent TASCAM level: Measurement_Sig = -20 dB Display speed: t_in = 1000 msec , slow Measuring instruments: TASCAM DR 05X Measuring instruments: MIC small-signal amplifier U B = 12.0 Volts Vmax = 22 dB Frequency range: 0Hz ≤ f ≤ 21kHz 2 × 5 electret capsules: MK9767JLQ MIC array in the acoustic horn Type of flower pot FFT with WavePad ver.12.25 NCH ​​Software • In the tables presented here, the conversion of the measured sound pressure values ​​dBSPL into equivalent weighted sound pressure values ​​according to filter A [dB(A)] has been omitted in order to obtain a more clearly structured table format. • We assume that the reader is now well aware of how a dB(A) rating affects the presence of infrasound (and is therefore completely out of place here). • In Fig.(Measurement 2) In the frequency range 0 Hz < f < 1.8 kHz, the green-colored measurement channel is traced with a dashed black line to make it easier for readers of the black-and-white print version to follow the DFT frequency / dBSPL curve. Unfortunately, the black-and-white print version does not provide a good visual representation of the green and ochre lines across the entire frequency range, unlike the color display on the electronic screen. However, the electronic version is also available for easy on-screen reading. Table 10: Sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL fHz FFTdB(V) L p (ω)dBSPL L p mPa countn, y Number 1 BHz 5.5 -48 35 1.124 -y- -0- 0 11 -48 35 1.124 -y- -1- 11 11 -48 35 -n- - - - 0 22 -56 32 0.796 -y- -2- 11 22 -56 32 -n- - - - 0 33 -55 28 0.502 -y- -3- 11 53 -60 23 0.282 -y- -4- 0 77 -59 24 0.316 -y- -5- 0 88 -61 22 0.251 -y- -6- 11 88 -61 22 -n- - - - 0 98 -62 21 0.224 -y- -7- 10 98 -62 21 -n- - - - 0 109 -62 21 0.224 -y- -8- 11 109 -62 21 -n- - - - 0 120 -61 22 0.251 -y- -9- 11 183 -62 21 0.224 -y- -10- 0 195 -61 22 0.251 -y- -11- 12 215 -62 21 0.224 -y- -12- 0 250 -61 22 0.251 -y- -13- 0 379 -61 22 0.251 -y- -14- 0 732 -63 20 0.200 -y- -15- 0 779 -64 19 0.178 -y- -16- 0 789 -64 19 0.178 -y- -17- 10 <> <> - - - - - - - - - - - - -B9- Table 11: Sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL fHz FFTdB(V) L p (ω)dBSPL L p mPa countn, y Number 1 BHz 797 -63 20 0.200 -y- -10- 0 817 -62 21 0.224 -y- -11- 0 827 -61 22 0.251 -y- -12- 10 959 -65 18 0.158 -y- -13- 0 982 -64 19 0.178 -y- -14- 0 1111 -63 20 0.200 -y- -15- 0 1142 -61 22 0.251 -y- -16- 0 1154 -61 22 0.251 -y- -17- 12 1184 -61 22 0.251 -y- -18- 0 1238 -65 18 0.158 -y- -19- 0 1250 -64 0.178 -y- -20- 12 1113 -64 19 0.158 -y- -21- 0 1330 -64 19 0.178 -y- -22- 13 1421 -63 20 0.200 -y- -23- 0 1432 -63 20 0.200 -y- -24- 11 1485 -63 20 0.200 -y- -25- 0 1530 -62 21 0.224 -y- -26- 0 1550 -62 21 0.224 -y- -27- 0 1560 -62 21 0.224 -y- -28- 10 1615 -63 20 0.200 -y- -29- 0 1767 -64 19 0.178 -y- -30- 0 <> <> - - - - - - - - - - - - -B6- Table 12: Sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL fHz FFTdB(V) L p (ω)dBSPL L p mPa countn, y Number 1 BHz 1819 -64 19 0.178 -y- -31- 0 1927 -63 20 0.200 -y- -32- 0 2025 -64 19 0.178 -y- -33- 0 2036 -65 18 0.158 -y- -34- 11 2089 -65 18 0.158 -y- -35- 0 2102 -65 18 0.158 -y- -36- 13 2219 -65 18 0.158 -y- -37- 0 2260 -64 19 0.178 -y- -38- 0 2295 -63 20 0.200 -y- -39- 0 2361 -64 19 0.178 -y- -40- 0 2399 -65 18 0.158 -y- -41- 0 2428 -64 19 0.178 -y- -42- 0 2509 -65 18 0.158 -y- -43- 0 2594 -63 20 0.200 -y- -44- 0 2659 -64 19 0.178 -y- -45- 0 2714 -65 18 0.158 -y- -46- 0 2774 -64 19 0.178 -y- -47- 0 2887 -63 20 0.200 -y- -48- 0 2947 -63 20 0.200 -y- -49- 0 <> <> - - - - - - - - - - - - -B2- Table 13: Sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL fHz FFTdB(V) L p (ω)dBSPL L p mPa countn, y Number 1 BHz 3030 -61 22 0.251 -y- -50- 0 3177 -62 21 0.224 -y- -51- 0 3319 -62 21 0.224 -y- -52- 0 3391 -62 21 0.224 -y- -53- 0 3415 -63 20 0.200 -y- -54- 0 3466 -63 20 0.200 -y- -55- 0 3608 -64 19 0.178 -y- -56- 0 3642 -62 21 0.224 -y- -57- 0 3715 -61 22 0.251 -y- -58- 0 3798 -64 19 0.178 -y- -59- 0 3894 -65 18 0.158 -y- -60- 0 4009 -63 20 0.200 -y- -61- 0 4097 -60 23 0.282 -y- -62- 0 4214 -63 20 0.200 -y- -63- 0 4226 -63 20 0.200 -y- -64- 0 4327 -62 21 0.224 -y- -65- 0 4384 -64 19 0.178 -y- -66- 0 4462 -64 19 0.178 -y- -67- 0 <> <> - - - - - - - - - - - - -B0- Table 14: Sound pressure level Lp in dBSPL fHz FFTdB(V) L p (ω)dBSPL L p mPa countn,y Number 1 BHz 4563 -62 21 0.224 -y- -65- 0 4613 -60 23 0.282 -y- -66- 0 4973 -61 22 0.251 -y- -67- 0 5570 -62 21 0.224 -y- -68- 0 6235 -62 21 0.224 -y- -69- 0 6825 -62 22 0.251 -y- -70- 0 7886 -62 22 0.251 -y- -71- 0 8057 -63 21 0.224 -y- -72- 0 8483 -64 19 0.178 -y- -73- 0 9002 -64 19 0.178 -y- -74- 0 9701 -65 18 0.158 -y- -75- 0 10073 -65 18 0.158 -y- -76- 0 10432 -66 17 0.141 -y- -77- 0 13350 -66 17 0.141 -y- -78- 0 13271 -67 16 0.126 -y- -79- 0 13847 -67 16 0.126 -y- -80- 0 <> <> - - - - - - - - - - - - -B0- 1.5.2 Measurement results Measurement 2 • In measurement 2, all twins and ordinary frequency components are used to add the magnitudes of the sound pressure components, which are approximately assumed to be coherent, according to formula Addition Theorem (24). • Manual evaluation of Tables 10, 11, 12, 13 and Table 14 yields the following results: 250427_0974.wav B≈10.41 Hz f_T≈5.2HzLω≈42.625 dBSPL≈2.705 mPascalTra¨ger-Wavelenge=C_Luftf_T=331.6msec5.2Hz≈63.76 meters

[0123] According to the annulment according to DIN 45643 in accordance with the Aircraft Noise Act (L eq4 ) one obtains the noise equivalent: - whispering ... normal conversation -.

[0124] This represents a relatively high noise level at property number 38, as a corresponding noise level is emitted in Treppendorf almost 24 hours a day. Table 15: Averaging according to DIN 45 643 Aircraft Noise Act L_eq4 Situation or sound source DistanceSource1m Sound pressure level (RMS) Unweighted sound pressure level Whispering (normal) (conversation) 0.632mPascal ... 20 mPascal 30 - 60dBSPL [Sound pressure level acoustic waveform]

[0125] For comparison, the measured coherent sound pressure levels of the TASCAM DR-05X display are also available:

[0126] Absolute sound pressure levels: Table 16: new: TASCAM DISPLAY: Level and sound pressure: April 27, 2025, approx. 2:27 a.m. TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = (-18 - 15) dB(V) TASCAM level: Meß_Sig = 50 dBSPL ≈ 6,324 mPascal TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = (-19 - 15) dB(V) TASCAM level: Meß_Sig = 49 dBSPL ≈ 5,636 mPacal TASCAM level: Mess_Sig = (-20 - 15) dB(V) TASCAM level: Meß_Sig = 48 dBSPL ≈ 5,023 mPascal

[0127] Note also the enormous wavelength of the infrasound carrier frequency in air.

[0128] A distance of approximately 60 meters is a common distance in urban environments.

[0129] In an environment contaminated with infrasound, as a recipient you are always right in the middle, in the first, second or third wavelength, regardless of whether you are talking about a distance of 50 meters or 200 meters.

[0130] Traditional distance standards are invalidated by infrasound.

[0131] This property should always be remembered when dealing with infrasound! 1.6 References

[0132] [Sound pressure level planet knowledge] West German Broadcasting Cologne Public corporation Appellhofplatz 1 50667 Cologne Postal address: 50600 Cologne https: / / www.planet-wissen.de / natur / sinne / hoeren / hoeren-laerm-krankohren-dauerstress-100.html. (WDR 2025)

[0133] [Sound pressure level - Erler & Pless] Erler+Pless GmbH Holstenhofweg 43 22043 Hamburg https: / / www.erlerundpless.de / produktion / akustikbilder / akustiklexikon / schalldruckpegel.html. (Erler+Pless 2021)

[0134] [Sound pressure level - Acoustic Form] Acoustic Form GmbH https: / / www.akustikform.ch / raumakustik / dezibel-skala. (Acoustic Form 2024)

[0135] [Jerad Lewis] MEMS microphone applications engineer at InvenSense, Inc. Analog Dialogue 46-05 Back Burner, May (2012) (https: / / www.analog.com / en / analog-dialogue / articles / understandingmicrophone-sensitivity.html)

[0136] [BRONSTEIN-SEMENDJAJEW] G. Grosche and V. Ziegler Pocketbook of Mathematics. (ISBN 3 871 44 492 8, Harri Deutsch Publishing House, Thun 1980)

[0137] [umweltbundesamt_TEXTE_163-2020] Noise Effects of Infrasound Emissions, Final Report www.umweltbundesamt.de (https: / / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / 479 / publikationen / texte_163-2020_laermwirkungen_von_infraschallimmissionen_0.pdf)

[0138] [German Federal Environment Agency] https: / / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / https:! / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / hoerkurve.

[0139] [rw bauphysik] Noise immission forecast according to DIN 18005 and TA Lärm. "rw bauphysik ingenieurgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG" Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Carsten Dietz Im Weiler 5-7 74523 Schwäbisch Hall Telephone 0791 . 978 115 - 16 Fax 0791 . 978 115 - 20 Report number: B20656_SIS_01 dated 01.10.2020". (Municipality of Bempflingen, client: mquadrat Erschließungsträger GmbH, Badstraße 44 73087 Bad Boll, June 17, 2020 Task:

[0140] Forecast of noise emissions affecting the planning area due to the operation of the nearest relevant commercial enterprise and road and rail traffic.

[0141] [rw building physics page 4] Noise immission forecast according to DIN 18005 and TA Lärm, page 4 of 37. “rw building physics engineering company mbH & Co. KG Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Carsten Dietz In the hamlet 5-7 74523 Schwäbisch Hall Telephone 0791 . 978 115 - 16 Fax 0791 . 978 115 - 20 Report number: B20656__ SIS_ 01 dated 01.10.2020". (Municipality of Bempflingen, Client: mquadrat Erschließungsträger GmbH, Badstraße 44) 73087 Bad Boll, June 17, 2020 Task: Forecast of noise emissions affecting the planning area due to the operation of the nearest relevant commercial enterprise and road and rail traffic, see page 4, line 24 “Low-frequency noise emissions are not to be expected.”

[0142] [PELTOR OPTIME 1] Aero PELTOR H510A-401-GU. Information Office Aero GmbH, P.O. Box 10 06 12, D-76275 Ettlingen, Ottostr. 1, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany. Tel. +49 (0)7243 7611-0 Fax. +49 (0)7243 7611-18. (www.deinfo@aero)

[0143] [Curtis Roads] Roads, Curtis The computer music tutorial, 1996. (ISBN 0-252-18158-4. - ISBN 0-262-68082-3. (paper) @Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

[0144] [DEGA Recommendation 101] German Acoustical Society Office address: Alte Jakobstraße 88, D-10179 Berlin Tel.: (0)30 / 340 60 38-00, Fax: (0)30 / 340 60 38-10 E-mail: dega@dega-akustik.de, Internet: www.dega-akustik.de Acoustic Waves and Fields, March 2006. (ⓒ German Society for Acoustics eV)

[0145] [University of Music and Performing Arts Graz] University of Music and Performing Arts Graz Subject: Acoustics and Psychoacoustics (https: / / www.kug.ac.at)

[0146] [TEAC CORPORATION] 1-47 Ochiai, Tama-shi, Tokyo 206-8530, Japan TASCAM DR-05X LINEAR PCM RECORDER Linear PCM Registrar Registered Trademark TASCAM DR-05X LINEAR PCM RECORDER (https: / / www.teac-global.com)

[0147] [Conrad Electronic SE] Conrad Electronic SE Klaus-Conrad-Str. 1 92240 Hirschau, Germany Conrad Electronic SE (https: / / www.conrad.de)

[0148] [reichelt electronic GmbH] reichelt electronic GmbH Electronics Ring 1 26452 Sande, Germany reichelt electronic GmbH (https: / / www.reichelt.de)

[0149] [NCH software] NCH Software, Inc. 6120 Greenwood Plaza Blvd Greenwood Village CO, 80111, USA NCH ​​software (ⓒ NCH Software) (https: / / www.nch-software.com)

[0150] [Federal Environment Agency, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau] Noise pollution from low-frequency sound, especially infrasound, in residential areas https: / / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / 420 / dokumente / geraeuschbelastung_durch_tieffrequenten-schall.pdf (https: / / www.umweltbundesamt.de)

[0151] [E. Zwicker, R. Feldkeller] E. Zwicker, R. Feldkeller The ear as a message receiver S. Hirzel-Verlag, Stuttgart 1967 (© S. Hirzel-Verlag, Stuttgart 1967)

[0152] [Bohne, Jens, Daniel, Dr.] (10) DE 10 2018 105 395 A1, Patent in force (43) Publication date: 12.09.2019 (54) Infrasound-ultrasonic pump for freeze-drying 06577 Heldrungen, Binev DE, 22880 Wedel DE ((71) Applicant: Griese Patente GmbH, 22767 Hamburg, DE) (https: / / www.dpma.de / nutzmuster / index.html)

[0153] [Koehne, Martin] (10) DE 10 2021 210 543 A1, Patent in force (43) Disclosure date: 20 April 2023 (54) Transfer of energy via infrasound for the operation of IoT devices 71679 Asperg, DE ((71) Applicant: Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Stuttgart, DE (https: / / www.dpma.de / gebrauchsmuster / index.html) )

[0154] (Biedermann, Petra Sonja] (87) WO 2014 / 195883 Patent in force (86) PCT / IB2014 / 061947 (10) 50 2014 005 350.7 (54) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF INFRASOUND EV 11.12.2014 ERAGT 26.05.2016 23669 Timmendorfer Strand DE VTR Tahhan, Isam, Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing., 79199 Kirchzarten, DE) (https: / / www.dpma.de / gebrauchsmuster / index.html)

[0155] [BARONE, Fabrizio] (12) EP 4 357 738 A1, patent in force (43) Disclosure date: 24 April 2024 (54) Directional sensor for measuring infrasound and correspondent transmitters Baronissi (SA), IT; ROCCO, Romano, Baronissi (SA), IT ((71) Advanced Scientific Sensors and Systems Srl, 84081 Baronissi (SA), IT (https: / / www.dpma.de / gebrauchsmuster / index.html)

[0156] [STOLLE, Martin] (10), (71) DE 10 2018 113 565.3 Patent expired (43) Publication date: 12 December 2019 (54) Test apparatus, in particular for investigating the influence of infrasound on biological systems Stolle Martin, 66226 Saarbrücken, DE (https: / / www.dpma.de / gebrauchsmuster / index.html)

[0157] [Doe] First and last LATEX example. John Doe 50 BC 2. List of reference symbols • Figure 1 NEW: Frequency spectrum in air of a signal wave ω i , transported by the infrasound carrier Ω and amplitude modulation of the frequency twins ω i ± Ω • Figure 2 NEW: Measuring chain principle • Figure 3 NEW: Determination of the preamplifier gain (PREAMP-GAIN) • Figure 4 NEW: FFT_Traeger_250119_0922_02-09Uhr; FFT-Traeger_250119_0922_02-09Uhr-weissabgleich1-hochkantt.jpg, supplemented with the dashed line of a measurement channel (green) for the black and white paper display (0Hz to approx. 1.25kHz shown as a dashed line) • Figure 5 NEW: TFFT_Traeger_250119_0922_02-09Uhr; TFFT_250119_0922_02-09Uhr-Histogramm.jpg • Figure 6 State of the art: Source: German Federal Environment Agency, February 8, 2013 - Representation of the frequency ranges of sound; Frequency ranges_SW_color.jpg • Figure 7 State of the art: Electret MK9767JLQ-Data Sheet-1; MK9767JLQ_1.jpeg • Figure 8 State of the art: Electret MK9767JLQ-Data Sheet-2; MK9767JLQ-B2.jpg • Figure 9 New: MIC-ARRAY-INPUT-OUTPUT characteristic; MIC-Array-INPUT-OUTPUT-sheet-1-SW1.jpg • Figure 10 New: TASCAM calibration curves; TASCAM-CharacteristicCurve4-200dpi25H-SW.jpg • Figure 11 New: Conversion Table_1; MIC-Array-INPUT-OUTPUT-sheet-1-200dpi25H-SW.jpg • Figure 12 New: Conversion Table_2; MIC-Array-INPUT-OUTPUT-sheet-2-200dpi25H-SW.jpg • Figure 13 New: Conversion Table_3; MIC-Array-INPUT-OUTPUT-sheet-3-200dpi25H-SW.jpg • Figure 14 State of the art: Assessment filter ABCD, INFORMATION from the Federal Ministry for the Environment dated February 8, 2013; Assessment filter-ABCD-color.jpg • Figure 15 New: Overview circuit diagram: Measurement signal generation schematic; 2 measurement channels; Measurement signal generation-1-SW.jpg • Figure 16 New: Circuit diagram: Capacitor microphone array, part 2-1; Foil_Electret_Type MK9767JLQ; connected in series; MIC-Array-circuit-2-1-SW1.jpeg • Figure 17 New: Circuit diagram: Condenser microphone array, part 2-2; Foil_Electret_Type MK9767JLQ; connected in series; total gain approx. 14 dB; MIC-Array-circuit-2-2-SW1.jpeg • Figure 18 State of the art: Modified Conrad universal preamplifier type 195359; approx. 22 dB gain; universal-amp.jpeg • Figure 19 New: Fast Fourier Transform: FFT-250427-0974_1-weissabgleich-hochkantt.jpg, supplemented with the dashed line of a measurement channel (green) for the black and white paper representation (0Hz to approx. 1.8kHz shown as dashed lines) • Figure 20 New: Digital Fourier Transform: FFT-250427-0974_2_02-27Uhr-weissabgleichl1-hochkant.jpg • Figure 21 New: Digital Fourier Transform: FFT-250427-0974_3_02-27Uhr-weissabgleich1-hochkant.jpg • Figure 22 New: Digital Fourier Transform: FFT-250427-0974_4_02-27Uhr-weissabgleichl-hochkant.jpg • Figure 23 New: Temporal Digital Fourier Transform: TFFT_25119_0922_02-09Uhr-Histogram.jpg • Figure 24 NEW: 2 assembled condenser microphone arrays MIC-Array-2025-08-16-SW-200dpi25H.jpg • Figure 25 State of the art: Sound source noise equivalent table according to https: / / www.akustikform.ch / raumakustik / dezibel-skala, AkustikformTabelleCH.jpg • Figure 26 State of the art: Public data repository for sound source noise equivalent table according to https: / / www.erlerundpless.de / produktion / akustikbilder / akustiklexikon / schalldruckpegel.html, erlerundplessTabelleHamburg.jpg • Figure 27 State of the art: Public data repository for sound source-noise equivalent table according to https: / / www.planet-wissen.de / natur / sinne / hoeren / hoeren-laerm-krank-ohren-dauerstress-100.html planet-wissen-TabelleKoeln.jpg QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 10 2018 105 395.9

[0008] WO 50 2014 005 350.7 [0008, 0154] WO 10 2021 210 543.2

[0008] EP 4 357 738 A1 [0008, 0155] DE 10 2018 105 395 A1

[0152] DE 10 2021 210 543 A1

[0153] WO 2014 / 195883

[0154] WO 2014 / 061947

[0154] DE 10 2018 113 565.3

[0156] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] Federal Environment Agency of 8 February 2013

[0001] DIN EN 61672-1

[0001] DIN 45680

[0003] Standard DIN 45680

[0003] DIN 45 643 [0008, 0113] [Bohne, Jens, Daniel, Dr.] Infrasound-Ultrasound Pump for Freeze-Drying First publication 12.09.2019 Bohne, Jens, Daniel, Dr. 06577 Heldrungen, Binev DE, 22880

[0008] Infrasound First publication 04. 12. 2014 Biedermann, Petra Sonja, 23669 Timmendorfer Strand DE (57

[0008] First published 12.12. 2019 Stolle Martin, 66226 Saarbrück

[0008] https: / / www.planet-wissen.de / natur / sinne / hoeren / hoeren-laerm-krankohren-dauerstress-100.html

[0132] https: / / www.erlerundpless.de / produktion / akustikbilder / akustiklexikon / schalldruckpegel.html

[0133] https: / / www.akustikform.ch / raumakustik / dezibel-skala. (Acoustic form 2024

[0134] Jerad Lewis] MEMS microphone applications engineer at InvenSense, Inc. Analog Dialogue 46-05 Back Burner, May (2012) (https: / / www.analog.com / en / analog-dialogue / articles / understandingmicrophone-sensitivity.html

[0135] BRONSTEIN-SEMENDJAJEW] G. Grosche and V. Ziegler Pocketbook of Mathematics. (ISBN 3 871 44 492 8, Verlag Harri Deutsch , Thun 1980

[0136] https: / / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / 479 / publikationen / texte_163-2020_laermwirkungen_von_infraschallimmissionen_0.pdf

[0137] [German Federal Environment Agency] https: / / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / https:! / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / hoerkurve

[0138] DIN 18005 [0139, 0141] ISBN 0-252-18158-4. - ISBN 0-262-68082-3

[0143] www.dega-akustik

[0144] https: / / www.kug.ac

[0145] https: / / www.teac-global.com

[0146] https: / / www.conrad

[0147] https: / / www.reichelt

[0148] https: / / www.nch-software.com

[0149] https: / / www.umweltbundesamt.de / sites / default / files / medien / 420 / dokumente / geraeuschbelastung_durch_tieffrequenten-schall.pdf

[0150] https: / / www.umweltbundesamt

[0150] https: / / www.dpma.de / nutzmuster / index.html [0152, 0154, 0155, 0156] Applicant: Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Stuttgart, DE (https: / / www.dpma.de / gebrauchsmuster / index.html

[0153] METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE DETECTION AND LOCATION OF INFRASON EVT 11.12.2014 ERAGT 26.05.2016 23669 Timmendorfer Strand DE VTR Tahhan, Isam, Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing., 79199 Kirchzart

[0154] DIRECTIONAL SENSOR FOR MEASURING INFRASOUND AND CORRESPONDENT TRANSMITTERS Baronissi (SA), IT; ROCCO, Romano, Baronissi (SA), IT ((71) Advanced Scientific Sensors and Systems Srl, 84081 Baronissi (SA), IT

[0155]

Claims

[1] Device and measurement processing for the detection of sound, infrasound, carrier frequencies and mean noise sound pressure level in the medium air, characterized by , that an analog hardware measurement chain is used for measurement signal generation and digital measurement data processing using the Discrete Fourier Transform, and that the evaluation of the measurement results is done according to the model of the known amplitude modulation of sound waves, see Fig. , as well as the derivation of the amplitude modulation formula (20) and the formula (21), temporal wave with carrier component and twin components. [2] The microphone MIC array is according to claim 1, characterized by , that the frequency response ranges from approximately 0 Hz to approximately 22 kHz, since the active sound pressure membranes are connected in parallel in acoustic terms, see Fig. and Fig. , as well as Fig. , however, the electrets are connected in series in an electrical sense. [3] The detection of the existing infrasound frequencies is according to claim 1, characterized by , that the microphone MIC array used (see Fig. ) because of its small mass and cumulative membrane area, it vibrates in forced resonance and is therefore able to detect very low acoustic waves, especially existing infrasound carrier frequencies. [4] The detection of infrasound according to claim 1, characterized by , that the MIC array circuit has a sensitivity of at least -26dB(V). [5] The experimental determination of the PREAMP gain 22[dB], characterized by , that the necessary measurement is taken using the TASCAM DR05X PCM recorder, see Fig. . [6] The electrical calibration is according to claim 1, characterized by , that using known MIC array sensitivity, PREAMP gain and VK2 all necessary profit contributions are known exactly, and the effective COMP shift can be set according to formula (15), see Fig. , Fig. and Fig. . [7] The acoustic calibration is according to claim 1, characterized by , that a COMP shift is performed by means of a defined mapping between INPUT table and OUTPUT table, see formula (15). These modified conversion tables, see section 1.3.9, are the Fig. , Fig. and Fig. . [8] The general electrical calibration according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that no further electrical calibration is necessary, as the MK9767JLQ acoustic transducers are calibrated according to the supplied datasheet Fig. , Fig. already have the highest technically accepted calibration (factory calibration). [9] Detection of infrasound according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that in the measured frequency spectrum, see Fig. , so-called infrasound twin components can be assigned, which differ only by a bandwidth B that corresponds exactly to twice the infrasound carrier frequency f_T, see formula (22). [10] Detection of the infrasound carrier frequency according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that in the measured frequency spectrum all essential frequency twins and ordinary frequency components are found, see formula (22), Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. [11] The invention according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the calculation of the mean noise pollution is carried out according to formula (24) and -sound pressure level journal- table 5, which contains all physically essential frequency components, at the place of measurement (e.g. in the house, immission measurement). [12] The invention according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the analog, measured, coherent and normalized TASCAM DISPLAY sound pressure level in dBSPL is used as a further valid measurement result. [13] The invention according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by that no manipulation of sound pressure measurement values ​​is carried out. [14] The invention according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a modern, up-to-date sound pressure assessment can be carried out according to the averaging of DIN 45 643 Aircraft Noise Act L_eq4 (= public data repository), see Fig. , Fig. and Fig. .

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