Energy supply system embedded in the road surface with modular segments, decentralized buffer storage, bidirectional energy flow, multimodal use and toll billing system

Abstract

Energy supply system in which energy transmission elements in the form of interchangeable cassettes are integrated into the road surface.

Description

1. Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of energy supply for vehicles via systems integrated into the road space. This includes road vehicles (e.g., cars, buses, trucks), micromobility vehicles (e-bikes, scooters), and small aircraft (delivery drones). 2. State of the art

[0002] Known systems for energy transfer in road surfaces include inductive charging pads (Electreon, KAIST, Magment), conductive rails (Elonroad), bidirectional vehicle-level energy systems (V2G), and toll systems for vehicle-specific billing. However, these systems are developed separately, permanently installed, not modularly interchangeable, and lack combined billing or multimodal use. 3. Object of the invention

[0003] The task is to provide a holistic, modular and multimodal energy supply system that is invisibly integrated into the road surface, buffers energy decentrally and can transmit it bidirectionally, is easy to maintain thanks to modular cassette technology, bills via a toll-like system on a vehicle-specific basis and can charge both ground vehicles and drones. 4. Solution to the task

[0004] The task is solved by a system that combines the following features: 1. Modular interchangeable cassettes in the road surface. 2. Curbside buffer storage (decentralized, emergency power capable). 3. Bidirectional energy flow (Vehicle → Road → Grid). 4. Toll-like billing systems (vehicle-related, kWh-accurate). 5. Multimodal use (vehicles, e-bikes, scooters, drones). 6. Automatic activation only upon contact with a vehicle or drone. 7. Possibility of feeding in renewable energies (e.g. solar, wind). 8. Authentication and communication via radio or sensor technology. 9. Maintenance through modular interchangeability without completely opening the road. 10. Integration with existing toll and smart city systems. 11. Load management and grid stabilization through curbside buffer storage. 12. Integration of a drone landing pad directly into the curb or road surface.

[0005] The described curbside buffer storage systems can be charged using connected photovoltaic modules or other local renewable sources; furthermore, they can perform load management functions for grid stabilization.

[0006] Authentication and control of charging / discharging can be implemented via wireless radio / sensor networks; the recorded kWh are logged on a vehicle-specific basis and automatically billed via a toll / billing system. 5. Advantages of the invention - Modular design using cassettes → easy maintenance and replacement. - Safety through selective activation → no danger in everyday life. - Decentralized storage → reduces grid load, resilient to failures. - Billing based on the toll principle → user-friendly and internationally standardizable. - Multimodality → Serves both ground and air vehicles. - Future-proof → scalable from pilot projects to mass application. - Integration of renewable energies. - Authentication and control via radio / sensor technology. - Easy maintenance without having to open the road. - Network stabilization and smart city compatibility. - Use for delivery drones. 6. Examples of implementation (figures)

[0007] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Fig. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a road with integrated interchangeable cassettes (1) and a curb buffer storage unit (2). Fig. Figure 2 shows a vehicle over a loading area with a vehicle-related toll billing unit (3). Fig. Figure 3 shows a drone charging pad (4) as part of the overall system. Reference symbol list 1 interchangeable cassette 2 curbside buffer tanks 3 Toll billing unit 4 drone charging pads

Claims

[1] Energy supply system in which energy transmission elements in the form of replaceable cassettes are integrated into the road surface. [2] System according to claim 1, wherein additional decentralized buffer storage units are arranged in the kerb. [3] System according to claim 1-2, wherein a bidirectional energy flow between vehicle, road and grid is possible. [4] System according to claims 1-3, wherein the billing is vehicle-related and kWh-accurate via a toll system. [5] System according to claims 1-4, expandable for multimodal use by e-bikes, scooters and drone charging pads. [6] System according to claims 1-5, wherein selective activation only occurs upon contact with a vehicle or drone. [7] System according to claims 1-6, which is scalable from individual parking bays to entire streets, highways or petrol station areas. [8] System according to one of claims 1-7, wherein the buffer storage additionally incorporates renewable energy sources (e.g. solar or wind integration). [9] System according to one of claims 1-7, wherein communication with vehicles or drones is carried out via radio or sensor technology. [10] System according to one of claims 1-9, wherein maintenance units are possible through modular interchangeability without opening the road. [11] System according to one of claims 1-10, wherein the billing system is coupled with existing toll or smart city infrastructures. [12] System according to one of claims 1-11, wherein the curb buffer storage units perform load management and contribute to grid stabilization. [13] System according to one of claims 1-12, wherein a drone landing pad is additionally integrated into the kerbs or the roadway. [14] System according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the energy supply is automatically carried out by detecting a vehicle or a drone and thereby activating the corresponding exchangeable cassette to transfer energy between the road surface and the vehicle. [15] System according to claim 14, wherein the billing is carried out by recording the amount of energy transferred, assigning it to the vehicle or drone identifier and automatically invoicing via a toll or billing system. [16] Kit for retrofitting a road section according to one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one interchangeable cassette, a mounting unit for installation in the road surface, a curb buffer unit and a technical interface description for integration into a billing system.

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