Device for dosing and distributing a bulk material

Abstract

Device for dosing and distributing a bulk material which is provided by a feed device for feeding the bulk material into a bulk material processing plant, wherein the distribution device has a conveying element which moves the bulk material in the conveying direction and has a useful surface extending in a conveying plane and at least one first spiked roller which rotates counter to the conveying direction of the bulk material, wherein the axis of rotation of the first spiked roller is arranged at a (height) distance above the useful surface such that a passage height is formed between the ends of the spikes of the spiked roller and the useful surface for the passage of a part of the bulk material, wherein the passed bulk material is evenly distributed on a section of the useful surface of the conveying element which is arranged downstream of the axis of rotation of the first spiked roller with respect to the conveying direction.

Description

The invention relates to a device for metering and distributing a bulk material, which is provided by a feed device for feeding the bulk material into a bulk material processing plant.The bulk material can be a loose material of similar or arbitrary objects. The distribution device can preferably be used for bulk material made of a mixture of objects of any desired material and / or of different grain size.In particular, the bulk material can be a mixture of comminuted or uncomminuted waste.The invention further relates to the use of the distributing device in a waste processing plant for processing comminuted or uncomminuted waste.The bulk material to be treated in a material processing plant, in particular the bulk material to be treated in the waste processing, often consists of a mixture of objects which differ in terms of material and / or color and / or other criteria and, for the purpose of further individual processing and utilization, optionally comminuted, have to be fed to a sorting process as a bulk material stream which is as uniform as possible.The sorting process requires the objects of the bulk material to be detected and sorted according to different criteria.Sorting systems are known for this purpose, which have conveying elements, such as conveyor belts or conveyor chutes.In addition to, among other things, manual and ballistic sorting systems, sensor-based sorting systems are used which detect and classify the objects on the conveying element by sensor and then separate them into at least two bulk material streams by means of rapid ejection elements, such as compressed air nozzle strips or flaps. Alternatively, robots are used which remove objects from the conveying element in a targeted manner and supply them to at least one separate conveying stream. Alternatively, they are used.A decisive factor for the success of each of the sorting systems is a separation of the objects of the bulk material stream, since closely adjacent, overlapping and covering objects can lead to sorting errors. Objects that are far apart in turn result in reduced throughput.Thus, a continuous, metered supply of the bulk material stream to the conveying element of the sorting systems, distributed over the entire useful width of the conveying element and largely separated, substantially influences the quality improvement and efficiency increase of the sorting process.Also responsible for the quality and efficiency of the discharge of, for example, coarse-grained bulk material, such as seed or fertilizer, or the discharge of biological waste, such as plant shredders or wood chips, is a continuous, metered discharge of the bulk material stream distributed over the entire useful width.From practice, feeding devices for feeding, for example, a bulk material of wastes into a waste processing plant, so-called storage hoppers with acceleration chutes, are known, which accelerate the bulk material from the storage hopper and discharge it onto a conveyor belt of a downstream sorting device. The bulk material flow is generally metered in here by means of a layer height pusher arranged at the end of the acceleration chute, which height pusher delimits the outlet of the bulk material above the conveyor belt and controls the loading of the conveyor belt which feeds the bulk material to the sorting device.Such a feed and metering system is suitable for heavily comminuted to flowable bulk material streams, but fails in the case of bulk material streams of coarse, aerated objects, such as mixed waste. The cause for this is the inhomogeneous object geometry and size, which has a distinct tendency to interlock and quickly leads to blockages at the layer height slide and in the feed hopper to the so-called bridging. Bridging is an effect in which the bulk material is supported against one another against the bunker wall in such a way that it is not transported further by the conveyor belt.The blockages of the bulk material at the layer height slide lead to reduced loading of the conveyor belt in individual sections and thus to an uneven distribution of the bulk material over the conveyor belt. However, regulations attempting to compensate for the different occupancy result in discontinuities in the bulk material conveyance.DE 20 2010 005 318 U1 discloses a distributing device of a waste processing plant which, by means of rotating discs, widely distributes the stream of bulk material to larger surfaces of the downstream conveying element.This distributing device is very space-consuming because of the large rotary disks due to its construction and the resulting throw width over the following conveying element, discontinuities nevertheless remaining.The discontinuities in the feeding of the bulk material are transferred directly to the conveying element of the sorting system.This is all the more problematic if the stream of bulk material within a waste processing plant, due to a limited throughput capacity of the individual sorting units of the sorting system, has to be fed in parallel to a plurality of sorting units and therefore has to be distributed over a plurality of strands, as a result of which the discontinuity is even more clearly reinforced by the division of the stream of bulk material (usually by so-called pant chute) onto the feed elements (e.g. individual conveyor belts).The object of the invention is to provide a distribution device which enables continuous, metered supply of the bulk material stream, which is distributed uniformly over the entire useful surface of the distribution device and is very largely isolated, for subsequent sorting or discharge processes and furthermore has a space-saving design which is as compact as possible.The object is achieved according to the invention by a distributing device having the features of claim 1.According to the invention, it is proposed that the distributing device for metering and distributing a bulk material has a conveying element running in the conveying direction of the bulk material, having a working surface extending in a conveying plane, and at least one first barbed roller rotating counter to the conveying direction of the bulk material, wherein the axis of rotation of the first barbed roller is arranged above the working surface at a (height) distance such that a passage height is formed between the ends of the barbs of the barbed roller and the working surface for the passage of a part of the bulk material, wherein the passed bulk material is uniformly distributed on a portion of the working surface of the conveying element downstream of the axis of rotation of the first barbed roller, in relation to the conveying direction.The distribution device according to the invention can be a component of a bulk material processing plant, in particular a component of a waste processing plant.The inventive distributing device can be arranged downstream of a feeding device for feeding the bulk material into a bulk material processing plant with respect to the conveying direction of the bulk material, downstream or downstream, i.e. in other words, in the case a feeding device is arranged upstream or preceding the distributing device.The inventive distributing device can be further integrated in a feeding device for feeding the bulk material into a bulk material processing plant.The inventive distributing device can be arranged further upstream of, upstream of or preceding a sorting device for sorting the bulk material with respect to the conveying direction of the bulk material, that is to say in other words that in that case the sorting device is arranged downstream of or following the distributing device.The conveying element of the distributing device according to the invention can be designed, for example, as a conveyor belt or a conveying chute.The (height) distance of the barbed roller is understood as a perpendicular distance measure of the rotational axis of the barbed roller from the conveying plane or from the useful surface of the conveying element.The passage height is determined by the distance between the ends of the spikes of the rotating spike roller, which are temporarily perpendicular to the conveying plane, and the useful surface of the conveying element.The useful surface of the conveying element extending in a conveying plane is formed by the surface of the conveying element which can be covered with bulk material.The barbed roller arranged above the useful surface of the conveying element can be positionable at any desired point along the longitudinal extent of the conveying element, wherein the barbed roller is preferably arranged at the end of the conveying element in normal operation, wherein its axis of rotation is preferably aligned substantially perpendicular to the conveying direction of the bulk material.Thus, in normal operation, a sufficient section of the useful surface of the conveying element is provided downstream of the axis of rotation of the first barbed roller with respect to the conveying direction, on which section a layer of the passed, uniformly distributed and dosed bulk material is formed.For certain applications, it may be advantageous to configure the position of the barbed roller to be displaceable along the longitudinal extent of the conveyor belt, in other words parallel to the conveying plane of the conveying element, in order to provide a larger downstream section of the useful surface of the conveying element.A section of the useful surface of the conveying element downstream of the spike roller in relation to the conveying direction is arranged in other words downstream of the spike roller in the conveying direction of the bulk material.The barbed roller has radially extending barbs pointing away from a roller body. The barbed roller and its barbs can preferably consist of stainless steel, whereby a longer service life of the barbed roller can be achieved.The barbed roller rotates counter to the conveying direction of the bulk material, wherein the axis of rotation of the barbed roller is normally aligned substantially parallel to the conveying plane of the conveying element, but can also assume a position inclined with respect to the conveying plane.The spike roller rotating counter to the conveying direction of the bulk material has the effect that discontinuously supplied excess quantities of the bulk material are thrown back with great scattering and throw width onto the upstream section of the useful surface of the conveying element, and, as a result of the formed passage height between the ends of the spikes of the spike roller and the conveying plane, at the same time only a selected part of the bulk material can pass the spike roller, which in the downstream section of the useful surface of the conveying element experiences a metered and uniform distribution of the bulk material over the useful surface of the conveying element.The bulk material which is successively and broadly thrown back generates a type of pre-run buffer on the upstream working surface of the conveying element, which buffer ensures a pre-distribution with a relative homogenization of the bulk material flow over the working width of the conveying element before the latter reaches the spike roller again.For this purpose, it is advantageous if the spike roller is preferably designed to extend over the entire useful width of the conveying element, and therefore the useful width can be covered with only one spike roller and undesired higher loading at the edges of the conveying element can be avoided.The useful width of the conveying element is the conveying width of the conveying element which extends over the conveying plane transversely to the effective running direction of the conveying element and thus transversely to the conveying direction of the bulk material and can be loaded with bulk material.The distribution principle produced by means of the barbed roller acts in a compact manner on the bulk material conveyed by the conveying element and requires little space, both above the conveying element and over the length and width of the conveying element.Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are evident from the dependent claims 2 to 15, the use claim 16, the following description and the associated drawings.According to an advantageous embodiment of the distribution device, the passage height is designed to be adjustable-corresponding to the condition and the average grain size to be expected of the objects of the bulk material-so that, in addition to the degree of separation of the objects, the thickness of the layer of the bulk material on the downstream section of the useful surface of the conveying element can also be influenced.The smaller the layer thickness or loading of the bulk material is held on the downstream section of the useful surface, the more separation of the objects of the bulk material can take place and the visibility and detection by the sorting device can be improved.The design of the barbed roller, its special arrangement with respect to the conveying element and the speed of the movable parts of the distributing device can determine the layer thickness or the loading of the bulk material on the downstream useful surface of the conveying element.This layer thickness or loading on the downstream section of the usable surface can be influenced, for example, by changing the (height) distance of the barbed roller in relation to the conveying plane or to the usable surface and / or by changing the circumferential speed of the barbed roller relative to the conveying speed of the conveying element and / or by changing the conveying speed of the conveying element relative to the feed speed of the bulk material to the distribution device.Preferably, the (height) distance of the barbed roller can be adjusted as a function of the prevailing grain size, which is to be expected on average, of the objects of the bulk material.Accordingly, the resulting passage height is adapted for the passage of the objects of the bulk material in order to control a separation of the objects and in order to avoid blocking of the distribution system by the spikes striking objects of the bulk material.Preferably, a (height) distance of the first spike roller from the useful surface of the conveying element can be set close to the average grain size of the objects of the bulk material to be expected, in order to be able to realize a high singulating effect of the objects on the downstream section of the useful surface.In order to ensure a dosed occupancy on the downstream section of the usable surface, the circumferential speed of the barbed roller must be at least equal to or greater than the conveying speed of the conveying element.Moreover, the required circumferential speed of the barbed roller is influenced by the number of barbs arranged around the circumference of the barbed roller. The fewer spikes around its circumference the spike roller has, the greater the circumferential speed of the spike roller must be in order to avoid blockages of the distribution system.Preferably, the barbed roller has around its circumference a plurality of rows of barbs formed in its longitudinal extent, each having a plurality of barbs arranged in a row. The spikes can preferably be designed to point away from the roller body perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spike roller.The peripheral speed also influences the throw width of the rejected bulk material and thus its pre-distribution on the upstream useful surface of the conveying element.In a preferred manner, the inclination of the axis of rotation of the barbed roller relative to the conveying plane is designed to be variably adjustable.In other words, the axis of rotation of the barbed roller is designed with a variable angle of inclination with respect to the conveying plane of the conveying element along the longitudinal extent of the barbed roller, with the result that the distribution of the bulk material over the conveying width of the conveying element can be influenced. This can be advantageous if, for example, an unequal density loading of bulk material on the conveying element results from one-sided feeding of the bulk material to the distributing device and / or separation of the objects of the bulk material.By means of the feed device, an uneven feed of the bulk material over the useful width of the conveying element can occur.When the bulk material is fed on one side, not over the entire useful width of the upstream conveying element, higher portions of objects with a finer grain size tend to collect on the feed side and, with respect to the useful width of the upstream conveying element, a remote, denser occupancy of the objects with the same layer thickness of the bulk material is locally produced. In order to compensate for the different surface occupation over the usable width of the conveying element, the spike roller can be inclined closer in the direction of the usable surface in the region of the denser occupation, in order to locally reduce the (height) distance of the spike roller and thus to adapt the passage height on one side to the denser occupation.Preferably, at least one further spike roller is provided, which rotates counter to the conveying direction of the bulk material and which is arranged upstream of the first spike roller with respect to the conveying direction of the bulk material.With the aid of one or more such further spike rollers, the layer thickness of the bulk material on the useful surface of the conveying element can be further equalized and the result of the separation of the objects of the bulk material can be improved.The further spike roller, which likewise rotates counter to the conveying direction, has the same rotational direction as the first spike roller.Advantageously, the axis of rotation of the further barbed roller is aligned substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the first barbed roller, whereby an effective interaction of the adjacent barbed rollers can be effected.If the first and each further spike roller are arranged or formed with respect to one another in such a way that their spikes are formed in a intermeshing manner, the bulk material to be thrown back can be picked up and separated even more efficiently.Meshing means the mutual penetration of the rotating spikes of one spike roller into the radial effective space of the rotating spikes of the respective other spike roller.The combing effect of adjacent barbed rollers can be realized, for example, in that the adjacent barbed rollers with identically formed rows of barbs are arranged offset with respect to one another in their longitudinal extent; in a further example, the adjacent barbed rollers can have rows of barbs formed offset with respect to one another in their longitudinal extent, in order to realize a combing effect of the barbs in each case. The respective offset dimension preferably corresponds in each case to the half-pitch dimension of the barbs within a barb row.The spikes of the adjacent spike rollers rotating in the same circumferential direction run towards one another when alternately immersed in the radial effective space of the spikes of the adjacent spike roller, wherein they interlace through the radial effective space of the spikes of the adjacent spike roller.In a preferred manner, the (height) distance of the first and / or each further barbed roller is designed to be adjustable in such a way that the further barbed roller can be arranged with a greater (height) distance from the usable surface of the conveying element than the first barbed roller and / or each further barbed roller can be arranged with a greater (height) distance from the usable surface than the adjacent barbed roller which is respectively arranged downstream in the conveying direction.Thus, in an upstream region of the distribution device, counter to the conveying direction of the bulk material, an increasing distance of the spike rollers or of the spikes thereof from the useful surface occurs, which enables a steadily increasing bulk height of the bulk material on the upstream section of the conveying element, so that this bulk material region serves as a forward flow buffer of conical profile for an improved uniformity of the bulk material flow.If the (height) distance of the adjacent spike rollers and thus the bulk height of the bulk material decreases continuously in the conveying direction, a particularly uniform distribution over the useful surface of the conveying element is achieved.At the same time, the objects of the bulk material in the feed buffer are continuously moved and circulated by means of the spike rollers, whereby hooked objects can be largely separated from one another.With the variability of the (height) distance of the adjacent spike rollers, the distribution device can be flexibly adapted to different characteristics of the bulk material produced, in particular to the different grain sizes, in order always to achieve an optimum distribution and separation of the respective bulk material.The distribution device can thus be adapted in particular flexibly to different sorting processes of the following sorting device.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the (height) distance of the first and each further spike roller and / or the inclination of the first and each further spike roller relative to the conveying plane is designed to be synchronously adjustable.This can ensure, on the one hand, that the axes of rotation of the barbed rollers always remain aligned in the same alignment, preferably parallel to one another, even in the process of adjusting the position of the barbed rollers.On the other hand, the adaptation processes of the distribution device to the different characteristics of the bulk material produced can take place particularly quickly and efficiently, which further improves the efficiency of the distribution device.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the distribution device, the position of the first and / or each further spike roller is designed to be displaceable along the longitudinal extent of the conveying element.The position of the barbed rollers along the longitudinal extent of the conveying element influences the size of the downstream section of the useful surface of the conveying element. In the case of slow-running sorting processes, for example in the case of sorting using robots, the downstream section of the useful surface of the conveyor belt can simultaneously be used, for example, as a sorting belt for pre-sorting or splitting the bulk material stream distributed over the surface.The distributor device can also be used to achieve a flexible adaptation to different sorting processes of the following sorting device.A further advantageous improvement of the adaptability of the distributing device to different characteristics of the bulk material produced can be achieved if the conveying speed of the conveying element and / or the circumferential speed of the first and / or each further spike roller is designed to be adjustable.In connection with the improvement of the adaptability of the distributing device, it is also advantageous if the conveying speed of the conveying element and / or a circumferential speed of the first and / or each further spike roller can be regulated in each case as a function of the quantity of the bulk material supplied by the feed device.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the first and / or each further spike roller has a plurality of spike rows arranged along its longitudinal extent, wherein the spikes of a spike row are formed with a spacing dimension (spike spacing) depending on the average grain size of the objects of the bulk material.When using a rotating barbed roller, it is advantageous to choose the distance between the barbs close to the average grain size of the objects of the bulk material to be expected, in order to be able to effectively capture, lift out and reject the objects.When using a plurality of adjacently arranged and intermeshing spike rollers, their spikes are advantageously formed with a spacing dimension within a respective spike row of substantially twice the average grain size of the objects of the bulk material, in order to be able to effectively grasp, lift out and reject the objects.More preferably, the rows of spikes of a spike roller are arranged uniformly distributed around their circumference, wherein preferably six rows of spikes are arranged offset around the circumference by a circumferential angle of 60° each.These configurations of adjacently acting spike rollers, in cooperation with the intermeshing arrangement and rotation of the adjacent spike rollers, have the effect that the spikes of two respective spike rows merge synchronously into one another and the merging spikes of the adjacent spike rollers divide the spike spacing (spacing dimension of the spikes of one spike row) approximately half way. Objects of the bulk material can thus be torn upwards by the adjacent spike rollers without these being able to fall through or jam between the inwardly running spikes.At the same time, the large distance between the spikes of the adjacent spike rollers, which distance is formed in comparison with the expected grain size of the objects, leads to a greater scatter during the ejection of the bulk material, whereby the distribution over the entire useful width of the system is further improved.The inventive distributing device is best suited for metering and distributing bulk material, which consists of a mixture of objects of different material and / or different geometry and / or different grain size; therefore, the inventive distributing device is particularly best suited for metering and distributing bulk material from a mixture of comminuted or uncomminuted wastes.The invention therefore provides for the use of the distributing device according to claims 1 to 15, in particular in a waste processing plant for processing comminuted or undecomminuted waste.The simple, compact and space-saving construction of the distributing device makes it possible to retrofit it also in an uncomplicated manner into existing waste processing installations.These and further features which emerge from the claims, the following description of the exemplary embodiments and the drawings can each be realized individually or in combination as advantageous embodiments of the invention, for which protection is claimed here.It should be understood that structural or logical changes of the embodiments are included within the scope of the present invention.The following detailed explanation of an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention and its use is therefore to be understood as exemplary and not in a restrictive sense.In the embodiment explained below, reference is made to the accompanying drawing(s), which forms part of the description of the example and in which there are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.In this regard, directional terminology such as "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "front", "rear", etc. is used with reference to the orientation of the described figures. Since components of embodiments may be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is for the purpose of illustration and is not limiting.The schematic representations associated with the description of the exemplary embodiment(s) show in FIG. 1 shows a side view of a section of a waste processing plant in schematic sectional representation with a feed device, a distributing device according to the invention and a feeder conveyor element to a sorting device, FIG. 2 is a detailed side view of the portion of the waste processing plant of FIG. 1.The section of the waste processing plant shown in FIG. 1 has a feed device for feeding bulk material, further a distributing device according to the invention interacting with the feed device and further a feeder of the bulk material from the distributing device to a subsequent sorting device (only partially shown).The feed device has at least one feed element / feed conveyor (not shown) and a storage hopper 1 with a feed opening 2.From the upstream feed element, the bulk material 3, which in this example consists of comminuted or uncomminuted waste (not shown), is fed via the feed opening 2 to the storage hopper 1.In this embodiment, the inventive distributing device is constructed and arranged in the storage hopper 1 of the feeding device.The distributing device according to the invention comprises a conveyor belt 4 (bunker draw-off belt) as conveying element, on the useful surface 5 of which the bulk material 3 is conveyed in a conveying direction F, and three rotating spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, which are arranged above the useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4.A feeder conveyor 7 connected downstream of the feed hopper 1 can be an acceleration chute or acceleration conveyor belt in order to feed the objects of the bulk material 3 distributed and metered by the distributing device according to the invention at a specific uniform speed onto a sorting belt 8 of the following sorting device. In the exemplary embodiment, an acceleration chute 7 is provided.In a particularly practical, multi-lane version of the waste processing plant (not shown), different bulk material streams can be provided side by side with a plurality of feed openings of the feed device and correspondingly with a plurality of lanes of the following conveying elements of the inventive distributing device and of the sorting device for the simultaneous processing.In this case, the conveying element 4 of the distributing device according to the invention and the feeder conveying element 7 have separating webs (not shown) elongated in the conveying direction of the bulk material, so that the feeding device and a distributing device, which in the case is embodied in multiple webs, is also suitable for the feeding of a subsequent so-called split sorting device.The conveyor belt 4 of the distribution device (bunker draw-off belt) extends in a horizontal conveying plane and delimits the storage bunker 1 substantially on the bottom side.The opposite side walls of the feed hopper 1 which are elongated in the conveying direction of the bulk material are arranged in such a way that they delimit the longitudinal sides of the conveyor belt and the opposite end walls which extend transversely to the conveying direction F of the bulk material are arranged in such a way that they delimit the conveyor belt at the beginning and end, wherein a gap above the useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 is formed in the end wall 9 as a passage for the distributed bulk material 3.The walls of the feed hopper 1 delimiting the conveyor belt 4 essentially also delimit the surface (usable surface 5) of the conveyor belt 4 that can be used for transporting the bulk material 3.The arrangement and configuration of the spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 used are adapted to the respective condition of the objects of the bulk material 3.The barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 rotate about a respective rotational axis R, counter to the conveying direction F, wherein the rotational direction of the barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 corresponds to the rotational direction of the drive drum (not shown) of the conveyor belt 4, as the arrows indicate in FIG. 1.The axes of rotation R of the barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 are preferably aligned parallel to the conveying plane of the conveyor belt 4 during normal operation of the distributing device.The three barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 are arranged at different heights H1, H2, H3 above the usable surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4, wherein the second barbed roller 6.2 is arranged at a greater (height) distance H2 of the rotational axis R from the usable surface 5 than the first barbed roller 6.1 and the third barbed roller 6.3 is arranged again at a greater (height) distance H3 from the usable surface 5 than the second barbed roller 6.2.In other words, the three spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 have a staggered (height) distance H above the useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 which increases counter to the conveying direction F, wherein the first spike roller 6.1 has the smallest (height) distance H 1.The smallest distance of the spikes of the first spike roller 6.1 above the working surface 5 that temporarily arises during operation of the spike rollers determines the passage height P for the passage of the bulk material 3 through the first spike roller 6.1 and thus the layer height of the distributed bulk material 3 on the working surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 arranged downstream of the first spike roller 6.1.In other words, the passage height P is obtained between the ends of the spikes of the first spike roller 6.1, which are temporarily directed perpendicular to the conveying plane, and the useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4, and thus determines the layer height of the bulk material 3 passing the first spike roller 6.1.According to the exemplary embodiment, the barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 are each formed from a roller body and a plurality of mutually opposite barbs each made from stainless steel.In the exemplary embodiment, the roller body has three rows of penetrating bores, each bore row being arranged offset by 60° around the circumference of the roller body. A rod having a length corresponding to twice the length of a spike, including the diameter of the roller body, is guided through each bore, resulting in six rows of mutually opposite spikes, each row being arranged offset around the circumference of the roller body by a circumferential angle of 60°.The distance between the spikes of a spike row corresponds substantially to twice the average grain size to be expected of the objects of the bulk material 3, so that when the adjacent spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 are meshed with one another, the spike distance of the temporarily intermeshing spikes corresponds approximately to the grain size of the objects of the bulk material 3 to be treated.It can be seen from the detailed side view of the distribution device according to FIG. 2 that the spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 each have a shaft W, which penetrates the longitudinally extended side walls of the feed hopper 1 on both sides, wherein their ends beyond the side walls are rotatably mounted in a flange-like rocker 10.1, 10.2 in each case in common. FIG. 2 shows a front longitudinal side wall of the feed hopper 1 extending in the plane of the drawing with the front 10.1 of the two rockers 10.1, 10.2, through which the respective shaft end of the spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 projects.The third barbed roller 6.3 has a rotary drive 11 (e.g. electric motor) which is connected to the shaft W and connects the shafts W of the further barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2 via a chain drive 12 and drives them synchronously.Thus, the barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 rotate synchronously about their axes of rotation R and thus synchronously counter to the effective running direction of the conveyor belt 4 or counter to the conveying direction F of the bulk material 3.The two rockers 10.1, 10.2, on which the ends of the three shafts W are mounted on both sides, are each provided with a lifting drive 13.1, 13.2, in order to make possible a pivoting movement of the rockers 10.1, 10.2 and thus a joint pivoting movement of the spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 about a pivot point D.In FIG. 2, only the lifting drive 13.1 of the front rocker 10.1 is visible, e.g. a hydraulically or pneumatically operated lifting cylinder which acts on the front rocker 10.1.Thus, in practice, not only can a continuous adjustment of the passage height P be realized at the first spike roller 6.1, but also a continuous and synchronous adjustment of the (height) distance H of all spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 relative to the useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 can be effected.The longitudinally extended side walls contain corresponding guide slots along the pivot radius of the respective shafts W, which provide the necessary free space for the exertion of the pivot movement of the penetrating shafts W, wherein the flange-like rockers 10.1, 10.2 are designed with a large surface area such that they cover the guide slots over the entire pivot range in order to avoid escape of bulk material 3 via the guide slots. In FIG. 2, the concealed guide slots in the front longitudinal side wall of the feed hopper 1 are shown with dashed lines.The lifting drives 13.1, 13.2 on both sides for the pivoting movement of the rockers 10.1, 10.2 can be controlled synchronously in order to realize a uniform adjustment of the height distance H of all the spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 along their longitudinal extent with respect to the conveying plane or useful surface 5 and thus to bring about a parallel adjustment of the passage height P along the longitudinal extent of the first spike roller 6.1.In addition, a separate control of the lifting drives 13.1, 13.2 of the two rockers 10.1, 10.2 can be provided in order to tilt all the spike rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 jointly in their longitudinal extent with respect to the conveying plane of the conveyor belt 4 and consequently to adjust the passage height P with an angle of inclination along the longitudinal extent of the first spike roller 6.1, in order thereby to influence the distribution of the bulk material 3 over the conveying width of the conveyor belt 4. This can be advantageous if, for example, an unequally dense coating on the useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 results from one-sided, uneven filling of the feed hopper 1 and / or separation of objects of the bulk material 3 with finer grain size.The height H 1 of the first barbed roller 6.1 is set above the usable surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 in normal operation such that the respectively expected largest grain of the objects of the fed bulk material 3 (largest grain of the respectively fed, optionally comminuted waste) can pass the passage height P of the first barbed roller 6.1 and a substantially homogeneous carpet of individual objects of the bulk material 3 distributed uniformly over the downstream section of the usable surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 is achieved, which carpet can subsequently pass through the passage in the end-side end wall 9 of the feed hopper 1 (see FIG. 1 ).The height of the passage in the end wall 9 of the feed hopper 1 is preferably of the same size (or greater) as the largest possible adjustable passage height P on the first barbed roller 6.1 and thus of the same size (or greater) as the layer thickness of the bulk material 3 which can pass through the first barbed roller 6.1.Advantageously, the height of the passage in the end wall 9 of the feed hopper 1 can be designed to be synchronously adjustable in accordance with the variable (height) distance H 1 of the first barbed roller 6.1.Bulk material 3, which cannot pass through the respective passage heights between the ends of the spikes of the respective spike roller 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and the useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4, is thrown back by the respective spike roller and thus forms a flow buffer of conical profile on the upstream useful surface 5 of the conveyor belt 4 in the front part of the feed hopper 1, which buffer serves for optimum pre-distribution and uniformity of the bulk material flow in the upstream region of the feed hopper 1 (see FIG. 1 ).The design and the interaction of the barbed rollers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 is selected such that when the bulk material 3 is thrown back, a high degree of scattering and, connected therewith, a pre-distribution of the bulk material 3 takes place over the entire useful width of the upstream conveyor belt 4 within the feed hopper 1.The passage in the end wall 9 of the feed hopper 1 is followed by a metered and uniformly distributed delivery of the bulk material 3 onto the feeder-conveyor 7, which preferably has a useful width corresponding to the conveyor belt 4 of the distribution device and via which the metered bulk material 3 is fed to the sorting belt 8 of the sorting device, which likewise preferably has a useful width corresponding to the conveyor belt 4 of the distribution device.The above-described embodiment of the distribution device in a waste processing plant realizes a particularly efficient and space-saving technical solution in comparison with alternative systems of the prior art, such as the described disk distributors.List of reference characters1 Feeding hopper of the feeding device 2 Feeding opening of the feeding device 3 Bulk material, comminuted or uncomminuted waste 4 Conveying element of the distributing device; conveyor belt (hopper draw-off belt) 5 Useful surface of the conveyor belt, conveying plane 6 Barbed roller, 1 First, 2 Second, 3 Third 7 Feeder conveying element 8 Conveying element of the sorting device, sorting belt 9 End wall of the feeding hopper 10 Rocker, 1, 2 11 Rotary drive of a barbed roller 12 Chain drive of the connected barbed rollers 13 Lifting drive, 1, 2 F Effective running direction of the conveyor belt, Conveying direction of the bulk material R Axis of rotation of the barbed roller H (height) spacing of the barbed roller P Passage height W Shaft of the barbed roller D Pivot point of the rockerReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedDE 20 2010 005 318 U1

[0015]

Claims

Device for metering and distributing a bulk material, which is provided by a feed device for feeding the bulk material into a bulk material processing plant, wherein the distributing device has a conveying element which moves the bulk material in the conveying direction and has a useful surface extending in a conveying plane and at least one first spike roller which rotates counter to the conveying direction of the bulk material, wherein the axis of rotation of the first spike roller is arranged at such a (height) distance above the useful surface that a passage height is formed between the ends of the spikes of the spike roller and the useful surface for the passage of part of the bulk material, wherein the passed bulk material is uniformly distributed on a portion of the useful surface of the conveying element which is arranged downstream of the axis of rotation of the first spike roller, in relation to the conveying direction.Distribution device according to claim 1, characterised in that the barbed roller is preferably designed to extend over a useful width of the conveying element.Distribution device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the (height) distance of the axis of rotation of the barbed roller is designed to be adjustable.Distribution device according to claim 3, characterised in that the inclination of the axis of rotation of the barbed roller relative to the conveying plane is designed to be variably adjustable.Distribution device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one further spike roller which rotates counter to the conveying direction is provided and is arranged upstream of the first spike roller with respect to the conveying direction of the bulk material.Distribution device according to claim 5, characterised in that the axis of rotation of the further barbed roller is aligned substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the first barbed roller.Distribution device according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the first and each further spike roller are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that their spikes are formed in a intermeshing manner.Distribution device according to one of Claims 5 to 7, wherein the (height) spacing of the first and / or each further barbed roller is designed to be adjustable in such a way that the further barbed roller can be arranged at a greater (height) spacing than the first barbed roller and / or each further barbed roller can be arranged at a greater (height) spacing than the adjacent barbed roller which is respectively arranged downstream in the conveying direction.Distribution device according to one of Claims 5 to 8, wherein the (height) distance of the first and each further spike roller and / or the inclination of the first and each further spike roller with respect to the conveying plane is designed to be adjustable synchronously.Distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the position of the first and / or each further spike roller is designed to be displaceable along the longitudinal extent of the conveying element.Distributing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a conveying speed of the conveying element and / or a circumferential speed of the first and / or each further spike roller is designed to be adjustable, preferably is controllable as a function of the quantity of the bulk material supplied by the supply device.Distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or each further spike roller has a plurality of spike rows arranged along its longitudinal extent, wherein the spikes of a spike row are formed with a spacing dimension (spike spacing) depending on the average grain size of the objects of the bulk material.The distribution device according to claim 12, wherein the rows of spikes of adjacently arranged spike rollers are formed with a spacing dimension of the spikes of substantially twice the average grain size of the objects of the bulk material.Distribution device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the rows of spikes are arranged distributed uniformly around the circumference of a respective spike roller, wherein preferably six rows of spikes are arranged offset around the circumference by a circumferential angle of 60° each.The distribution device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bulk material is a mixture of objects of different material and / or different geometry and / or different grain size, in particular a mixture of comminuted or uncomminuted wastes.Use of the device according to claims 1 to 15 in a waste processing plant for processing comminuted or undecomminated waste.

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