Supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery

Abstract

A supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery (1), comprising an outdoor module (4) with an external supply air grille (23) and an external exhaust air grille (24); an indoor module (2) with a plate heat exchanger (5), with an internal supply air grille (21) and an internal exhaust air grille (22), with a filter (16), with an inlet chamber (6) of the exhaust air duct, with an outlet chamber (7) of the exhaust air duct, with an inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct, with an outlet chamber (9) of the supply air duct and a partition (10) between the inlet chambers and the outlet chambers of the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct respectively, with fans (3, 11) forming opposing airflows, wherein the fan (3) is arranged in the inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct and the fan (11) is arranged in the outlet chamber (7) of the exhaust air duct;characterized in that it includes a condensate drainage system, and the indoor module (2) comprises a wall part (2A) and a wall penetration part (2B), wherein the wall penetration part (2B) comprises a module (20) in which the fans (3, 11) are installed.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to ventilation systems, in particular supply and exhaust air systems with heat recovery, and can be used for installation in residential and special rooms.

[0002] The state of the art includes numerous different technical solutions of various forms and designs intended for the natural ventilation of residential and non-residential spaces.

[0003] The motivation for developing optimal ventilation solutions lies in the desire to design spaces in such a way as to ensure maximum energy efficiency within the building. However, increasing the building's energy efficiency leads to a proportional reduction in natural climate regulation within the interior. In other words, the air in such spaces becomes significantly dry due to central heating, the operation of numerous household appliances, and other modern technological factors, creating a favorable environment for the development of allergies and respiratory problems or diseases.

[0004] In spring and summer, energy-efficient buildings do not dissipate increased humidity well, which makes natural air circulation inside difficult and creates a favorable environment for the formation of fungi and harmful microorganisms.

[0005] The above statements have been known for a long time. Therefore, medical institutions in many developed countries recommend regularly ventilating rooms. In most countries, standards are being introduced to regulate air exchange systems.

[0006] Ventilation is usually achieved by opening windows, which ensures natural air circulation indoors. However, simply opening windows for ventilation leads to many inconveniences. In particular, an open window significantly cools the room in winter due to its surface area, and in summer it heats it up, resulting in considerable energy expenditure to maintain acceptable and comfortable working and living conditions. Therefore, work on the development and improvement of ventilation systems is ongoing.

[0007] Known [Ukrainian patent no. 146223 F24F7 / 00, F28F13 / 14 dated 27.01.2021] is the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, comprising a heat exchanger with air supply pipes, a fan and a heat exchanger, which are connected to each other and installed in the wall of the room, between its outer and inner surfaces, and in the opening between the outer and inner surfaces of the room are placed two concentric direct current cylinders, between which, on the outer surface of the inner cylinder, a corrugated pipe heat exchanger in cross-section Ω-shaped is attached, and on the inner surface of the cylinder, additionally, opposite each other, an outer fan and an inner fan are placed;The openings of the system are equipped with appropriate external and internal covers, the internal cover being equipped with an air supply grille and an outlet slot for internal air with a corresponding air distributor, and the external cover additionally being equipped with a condensate drain opening, which is designed outside the surface plane of the external wall, as well as with an air intake grille and a corresponding outlet grille for internal air.

[0008] The disadvantages of this supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery lie in the low efficiency of the air heat exchange. The recesses in the heat exchanger's troughs reduce the effective heat exchange area as the air flows along the heat transfer surface of the corrugated pipe heat exchanger. Unbalanced airflows within the system also contribute to the low air exchange efficiency.

[0009] Another disadvantage is its lack of resistance to wind loads. Because the outdoor module has an open design, it offers no wind protection for the exhaust duct, leading to the risk of the product freezing in sub-zero temperatures.

[0010] Since it is structurally impossible to install full-fledged heaters and filter components, and the power supply unit is located in the room module, consequently no additional heating of the heat exchanger is guaranteed, and the design of the heat exchanger causes excessive condensation and leads to possible icing of the system.

[0011] Known [European invention application 23219860 dated 22.12.2023, F24F12 / 00; F24F7 / 08; F28D21 / 00; F28F9 / 02; dated 21.08.2024] is the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, which is intended for installation in an external wall of a building, wherein said system comprises an indoor module and an adjoining heat exchange module, which includes a cylindrical corrugated tube heat exchanger with many heat-transferring air channels arranged along the axis of symmetry of said heat exchanger, wherein said air channels have identical cross-sections and are adjacent to one another by forming a continuous, corrugated volume of heat exchange segments;comprising a first separator and a second separator for separating and guiding exhaust and supply air flows in opposite directions within the heat-transferring air supply pipes, wherein the first separator and the second separator are located against both end faces of the heat exchanger and are positioned on the axis of symmetry of the heat exchanger; comprising a first fan and a second fan, the housings of which are located against the first and second separators, respectively, at the end faces of the separators facing away from the heat exchanger, wherein the axis of one of the fans is parallel to the axis of the other fan and is not coaxial with said axis.

[0012] The disadvantages of this supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery lie in the low efficiency of the air heat exchange and the low air exchange capacity. The design of the heat exchanger causes excessive condensation, which can limit the use and operation of the system, or insufficiently effective condensate drainage from the system, which can lead to icing of the system during the colder months.

[0013] The known [https: / / zehnder.com.ua / decentralized-ventilation / comfoair70] supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery is considered the closest prior art and comprises an outdoor module with an external supply air grille and an external exhaust air grille; an indoor module with the plate heat exchanger, with an internal supply air grille and an internal exhaust air grille, with a filter, with an inlet chamber of the exhaust air duct, with an outlet chamber of the exhaust air duct, with an inlet chamber of the supply air duct, with an outlet chamber of the supply air duct and a partition between the inlet chambers and outlet chambers of the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct respectively, with fans that form opposing airflows, wherein one of the fans is arranged in the inlet chamber of the supply air duct and the other fan is arranged in the outlet chamber of the exhaust air duct.

[0014] The disadvantages of the nearest state of the art are that: - it completely lacks a condensate drainage system, for example a condensate collection tank, a pump to drain condensate from the system, a channel to drain condensate from the system, and so on, which leads to excessive condensate accumulation and subsequent icing of the system in countries with cold climates; - there is no heater in the inlet chamber of the supply air duct for preheating the air, which is necessary to prevent condensation; - there is no heater in the outlet chamber of the supply air duct for reheating the air, which is used to ensure a comfortable supply air temperature in countries with cold climates; - There are no filters in the wall penetration section of the indoor module, which leads to the ingress of polluted air and insects into the system and the room; - The product's design makes maintenance during operation complicated.

[0015] The purpose of the utility model is the development of a supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, in which: - a high efficiency of heat exchange of air is achieved by the arrangement of a plate heat exchanger of counterflow or crossflow type in the indoor module; - a high level of performance regarding air exchange is achieved through the design arrangement of the fans; - the mixing of the air streams is prevented by the arrangement of a partition in the inner module between the inlet chambers and the outlet chambers of the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct; - maximum effective heat dissipation from the heater for preheating air and the heater for postheating air is achieved through the optimal placement of the heaters in the inlet chamber of the supply air duct and outlet chamber of the supply air duct, respectively; - there is a condensate drainage system that prevents excessive condensate accumulation and subsequent icing of the system in countries with cold climates, namely: a condensate collection tank and a channel for draining condensate from the system, or a channel for draining condensate from the system, or a pump for draining condensate from the system, or a pump and a channel for draining condensate from the system, or an evaporator; - the ingress of polluted air and insects into the system and the room is prevented by the provided filters; - Product maintenance during operation is improved by the simple removal of the module in which fans, flaps, a valve and a filter are installed.

[0016] The problem is solved as follows. The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery comprises an outdoor module with an external supply air grille and an external exhaust air grille; an indoor module with the plate heat exchanger, with an internal supply air grille and an internal exhaust air grille, with a filter, with an inlet chamber of the exhaust air duct, with an outlet chamber of the exhaust air duct, with an inlet chamber of the supply air duct, with an outlet chamber of the supply air duct and a partition between the inlet and outlet chambers of both the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct, with fans that form opposing airflows, wherein the first fan is arranged in the inlet chamber of the supply air duct and the second fan is arranged in the outlet chamber of the exhaust air duct.The system includes a condensate drainage system, and the indoor module comprises a wall section and a wall penetration section, the wall penetration section comprising a module in which fans are installed.

[0017] According to one of the proposed solutions to the problem, the module with the fans installed in it is removable in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery.

[0018] Another option for solving the problem is to include a mechanical flap and / or a gravity valve in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery.

[0019] According to another variant for solving the task in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, the module with fans installed in it additionally includes at least one filter.

[0020] The task is also solved by the fact that the inlet chamber of the supply air duct in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery includes a heater for preheating air.

[0021] According to another variant for solving the task at hand, the outlet chamber of the supply air duct in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery includes a heater for reheating the air.

[0022] The task is also solved by the fact that the wall penetration part of the indoor module in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery includes an external thermal insulation envelope.

[0023] Furthermore, the task is solved by the fact that the condensate drainage system in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery is a channel for draining condensate from the system.

[0024] The task is also solved by the fact that the condensate drainage system in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery includes a condensate collection tank and a channel for draining condensate from the system.

[0025] Another option for solving the problem is to use a pump for draining condensate from the system in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery.

[0026] Another option for solving the problem is to include a pump and a channel for draining condensate from the system in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery.

[0027] Another option for solving the problem is to use a condensate drainage system in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, consisting of a condensate collection tank with an ultrasonic evaporator.

[0028] One of the possible solutions to the given problem is to additionally provide a humidity sensor in the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery.

[0029] According to another variant for solving the task, the task is also solved by adjusting the length of the wall penetration part of the inner module depending on the wall thickness during installation using the external thermal insulation envelope.

[0030] The present supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery differs from the nearest state of the art in that it: - It includes an easily removable module with fans, flaps, a valve and a filter, which improves product maintenance during operation without disassembling the system itself. - Includes fully functional heaters for preheating and postheating air, which are located in the inlet chamber of the supply air duct and outlet chamber of the supply air duct and in whose presence the most effective heat dissipation is achieved. - includes a condensate drainage system, which prevents excessive condensate accumulation and subsequent icing of the system in countries with cold climates; - Includes a filter that prevents the ingress of polluted air and insects into the system and the room.

[0031] The application of the present utility model provides a supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, ensuring a high efficiency of heat exchange and high performance with regard to air exchange, and simplifying product maintenance during operation without dismantling the system itself. The nature of the utility model is explained using the figures, whereby: Fig. 1 - an overall view of the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery; Fig. 2 - a schematic representation of the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery; Fig. 3 - a schematic representation of the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, including additional components and a representation of the warm and cold air flow; Fig. 4 - a representation of the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery during maintenance of the system; Fig. 5 - a representation of the removable module from another side. Figure 1-5 shows the following reference symbols: 1 Supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery 2 Indoor module 2A Wall section of the indoor module 2B Wall penetration part of the indoor module 3, 11 fans 4 Outdoor module 5 plate heat exchangers 6 Inlet chamber of the exhaust duct 7 Outlet chamber of the exhaust duct 8 Inlet chamber of the supply air duct 9 Outlet chamber of the supply air duct 10 Partition wall 12 mechanical flap 13 Gravity valve 14 heaters for preheating air 15 heaters for reheating 16, 28 filters 17 external thermal insulation envelope 18 Channel for condensate drainage 19 Condensate collection containers 20 Module 21 internal air intake grille 22 internal exhaust grille 23 external air intake grille 24 external exhaust grille 25 ultrasonic vaporizers 26 Pump for condensate drainage.

[0032] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery (1) comprises an indoor module (2) and an outdoor module (4). The indoor module (2) optionally includes a wall section (2A) and a wall penetration section (2B). The wall penetration section (2B) of the indoor module (2) is enclosed by an external thermal insulation shell (17), which is used to reduce heat transfer into the surrounding structures (walls) and improves the sound insulation values ​​of the system (see Fig. 1) The wall penetration part (2B) of the indoor module (2) also includes a module (20) in which fans (3, 11), a mechanical flap (12) and / or a gravity valve (13) and at least one filter (28) are installed.

[0033] The vertically arranged module (20) is removable and can be serviced from the front of the unit (1) after removing the maintenance hatch. This allows mandatory maintenance work on the unit (1) to be carried out from inside the room without disassembling the unit (1) itself.

[0034] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery (1) includes a condensate drainage system, which can have different configurations. For example, the condensate drainage system includes a condensate collection tank (19) and a channel (18) for draining condensate from the system (1), or a channel (18) for draining condensate from the system (1), or a pump (26) for draining condensate from the system (1), or a pump (26) and a channel (18) for draining condensate from the system (1), or a condensate collection tank (19) with an ultrasonic evaporator (25).

[0035] The inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct includes a heater (14) for preheating the air. The air preheater (14) is used to prevent condensation. The outlet chamber (9) of the supply air duct includes a heater (15) for postheating the air. The air postheater (15) is used to ensure a comfortable supply air temperature in countries with cold climates.

[0036] A filter (16) is provided in the wall section (2A) of the indoor module (2), in the inlet chamber (6) of the exhaust air duct, directly in front of the plate heat exchanger (5). In the wall penetration section (2B) of the indoor module (2), the filter (28) is located in the module (20), in the inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct. The filters (16) and (28) are used to protect the counterflow or crossflow plate heat exchanger (5), the centrifugal fans (3) and (11), and the room itself from the ingress of contaminated air and insects. The filters (16) and (28) may be treated with an antibacterial agent.

[0037] The wall part (2A) of the indoor module (2) includes an internal supply air grille (21) and an internal exhaust air grille (22), and the outdoor module (4) includes an external supply air grille (23) and an external exhaust air grille (24).

[0038] Depending on the wall thickness, the length of the wall penetration part (2B) of the inner module (2) is adjusted during installation by means of the external thermal insulation shell (17) by cutting off a part of it from the street side with any cutting tool.

[0039] The design of the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery is also additionally equipped with a humidity sensor (not shown in the figures) which can control the humidity of the supply air and / or exhaust air depending on the task.

[0040] The plate heat exchanger (5) is understood to be a heat exchanger package (not shown in the figures) comprising a certain number of thin profiled plates (not shown in the figures) arranged parallel to one another and forming a closed package with separate hermetic channels through which two air streams flow in opposite directions.

[0041] Fig. Figures 2-3 show the flow of warm air (the dashed line) and the flow of cold air (the solid line) through the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery (1).

[0042] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery (1) operates as follows. After the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery (1) is switched on, the exhaust and supply air fans (11, 3) are activated, initiating an air exchange. The warm, stale air from the room enters the wall section (2A) of the indoor module (2) through the internal exhaust grille (22), flows through the inlet chamber (6) of the exhaust duct, and enters the plate heat exchanger (5), thus heating it. The air exiting the plate heat exchanger (5) then enters the wall penetration section (2B) of the indoor module (2) and the outlet chamber (7) of the exhaust duct, flows through the exhaust fan (11), then enters the outdoor module (4), and is discharged to the outside through the external exhaust grille (24).

[0043] Simultaneously with the flow of warm air, cold fresh air is supplied. The cold outside air flows through the external supply air grille (23) into the external module (4), then enters the wall penetration section (2B) of the internal module (2) and the inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct, flows through the filter (28) and the supply air fan (3), and enters the wall section (2A) of the internal module (2), where the plate heat exchanger (5) is located. Before entering the plate heat exchanger (5), the cold air is preheated by the heater (14). The fresh, but heated, air exiting the plate heat exchanger (5) flows through the outlet chamber (9) of the supply air duct, then through the internal supply air grille (21), and enters the room.In countries with cold climates, the fresh but heated air leaving the plate heat exchanger (5), which has entered the outlet chamber (9) of the supply air duct, can be heated to a higher temperature by the heater (15) for reheating air and enters the room by flowing through the internal supply air grille (21).

[0044] A partition (10) is arranged between the inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct and the outlet chamber (7) of the exhaust air duct, as well as between the inlet chamber (6) of the exhaust air duct and the outlet chamber (9) of the supply air duct, to prevent the airflows from mixing. During operation of the supply and exhaust air system, heat exchange occurs between warm and cold air, without any mixing of the airflows.

[0045] Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows a supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery. Fig. Figure 3 schematically shows a supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, including additional components and a representation of the warm and cold air flow.

[0046] Fig. Figure 4 shows a supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery during its maintenance: the removal or installation of the removable module. Fig. Figure 5 shows the other side of the removable module.

[0047] The examples given represent only embodiments of the utility model and do not limit it.

[0048] The control of the supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery is carried out by means of the control panel of the system, which is located on the side surface, by means of an infrared remote control and by means of a mobile app via WLAN network (which is not shown in the figures and is not part of the scope of protection of the patent claims).

[0049] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery is designed so that the wall penetration part of the indoor module, which includes the easily removable module in which the fans, the mechanical damper, the gravity valve and the filter are installed, can be easily separated from the ventilation duct, thus simplifying its maintenance during repair or inspection work. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited non-patent literature

[0000] https: / / zehnder.com.ua / decentralized-ventilation / comfoair70

[0013]

Claims

[1] A supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery (1) comprising an outdoor module (4) with an external supply air grille (23) and an external exhaust air grille (24); an indoor module (2) with a plate heat exchanger (5), with an internal supply air grille (21) and an internal exhaust air grille (22), with a filter (16), with an inlet chamber (6) of the exhaust air duct, with an outlet chamber (7) of the exhaust air duct, with an inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct, with an outlet chamber (9) of the supply air duct and a partition (10) between the inlet chambers and the outlet chambers of the exhaust air duct and the supply air duct respectively, with fans (3, 11) forming counter-rotating air streams, wherein the fan (3) is arranged in the inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct and the fan (11) is arranged in the outlet chamber (7) of the exhaust air duct; characterized by, that it includes a condensate drainage system, and the indoor module (2) includes a wall part (2A) and a wall penetration part (2B), wherein the wall penetration part (2B) includes a module (20) in which the fans (3, 11) are installed. [2] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the module (20) is removable. [3] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the module (20) additionally includes a mechanical flap (12) and / or a gravity valve (13). [4] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the module (20) includes at least one additional filter (28). [5] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the inlet chamber (8) of the supply air duct includes a heater (14) for preheating air. [6] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the outlet chamber (9) of the supply air duct includes a heater (15) for reheating air. [7] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the wall penetration part (2B) of the interior module (2) includes an external thermal insulation shell (17). [8] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the condensate drainage system is a channel (18) for the drainage of condensate from the system (1). [9] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the condensate drainage system comprises a condensate collection tank (19) and a channel (18) for the drainage of condensate from the system (1). [10] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the condensate drainage system is a pump (26) for draining condensate from the system (1). [11] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the condensate drainage system includes a pump (26) and a channel (18) for draining condensate from the system (1). [12] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the condensate drainage system is a condensate collection tank (19) with an ultrasonic evaporator (25). [13] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by that it also includes a humidity sensor. [14] The supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by , that the length of the wall penetration part (2B) of the indoor module (2) is adjusted during installation by means of the external thermal insulation shell (17).

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