Automatic device for spreading organic fertilizer on agricultural land

Abstract

An automatic fertilizer spreading device consisting of a chassis supported by motorized omnidirectional wheels, several storage chambers each with a motorized iris lid, a preparation element with a sieve arranged above a mixing container, several slides that work together to break down organic material on the sieve into fine particles, a motorized agitator in the container to homogenize the particles, a soil sensor module mounted on primary pins to acquire soil type data on a pole above a plate, and a motorized centrifugal disc to pick up and distribute the homogenized material on the soil.

Description

Application area of ​​the invention

[0001] The invention relates to agricultural machinery for the preparation and application of organic fertilizers in the field. It combines variable application rate measurement with a metering and disc spreading mechanism for distributing the processed organic material. Centrifugal spreaders and variable application controllers are frequently used for uniform distribution and precise application. Background of the invention

[0002] Conventional fertilizer spreaders distribute pre-treated granular fertilizers using one or more rotating discs. However, organic fertilizers and biodegradable residues often exhibit clumps and fluctuating moisture content, which complicates dosing and impairs uniformity of application. Technical literature on fertilizer spreaders describes hopper, valve, and disc designs that enable even distribution of the granules. Research in the field of precision agriculture also demonstrates sensor-controlled, variable application rate regulation based on soil and plant measurements or application maps.Nevertheless, there is still a need for a mobile device that can take in organic raw materials, shred and homogenize them into fine particles, mix them to the desired consistency, reliably meter the application rate and apply them by means of a disc, whereby the application rate is adjusted in real time to the detected soil conditions. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a self-propelled device with a cuboid chassis on motorized, omnidirectional wheels. Several storage chambers feed a processing module with a motorized gate that meters the material onto a sieve in a preparation element located above a mixing container. Coordinated slides and gliders break down large chunks into fine particles; a motorized agitator homogenizes the mixture. A sensor module on primary pins mounted on an adjustable rod above a plate acquires data on soil type and condition. Based on this data, the control system selects the formula and sets the dosing rates. A downstream motorized centrifugal disc distributes the processed fertilizer evenly across the soil surface.

[0004] In embodiments, the control system closes the control loop between soil detection, chamber metering, slide / slider actuation, mixing time and disc conveying speed in order to achieve the desired application rates and particle sizes that are suitable for the performance range of the disc spreader. Detailed description

[0005] The mobility platform consists of a cuboid structure supported by four motorized, omnidirectional wheels, enabling lateral and diagonal movements for precise driving and turning at the headland. A navigation controller follows the planned swaths while maintaining a constant driving speed to ensure even distribution. The frame houses several hoppers for collecting slurry and biodegradable materials; each hopper has a motorized iris lid for metering the application and preventing bridging.

[0006] The material exits onto a perforated sieve in a preparation element mounted on a mixing vessel. Several slide gates work together to break up and compress lumps against the sieve, reducing particle size and removing foreign matter. Actuation is sequential to prevent clogging. The homogenized fine material falls into the vessel, where a motorized agitator with helical blades mixes the input materials to a uniform moisture and particle distribution suitable for disc distribution.

[0007] A soil sensor module mounted on primary pins, attached to an adjustable pole above a plate at the front of the chassis, measures soil properties (e.g., moisture, organic content via VIS-NIR spectroscopy, pH) while the machine is in motion. The controller maps the sensor outputs to soil types and selects a dosing recipe—chamber ratios, iris aperture angle, thrust cycle, and mixing duration—to adapt the fertilizer composition and quantity to local conditions. Variable-rate technologies have proven highly precise through the use of sensor feedback and electronic rate control.

[0008] The processed material flows through a controllable outlet onto a motorized centrifugal disc with multiple blades. Disc speed and the opening of the feed slide determine the working width and the application rate. Guide plates and a feed cone center the material flow onto the disc hub, ensuring a symmetrical distribution. Calibration routines compensate for material density and moisture content to achieve the target value for variation across the entire working width recommended for disc spreaders.

[0009] The control system synchronizes travel speed, dosing rate, and disc speed; PID controllers regulate the mass flow using a load cell at the hopper inlet or torque measurements at the dosing mechanism. Safety interlocks detect blockages in the screen / push device and stop the system for clearing.

[0010] Maintenance features include quick-release grid panels, washable containers, and replaceable slides. The housing has dustproof seals; components exposed to corrosive manure are made of stainless steel or coated alloys.

[0011] During operation, the machine travels along planned paths across the field; the sensor module detects the soil conditions; the control unit meters the material via iris diaphragms, drives slides to break up clumps, mixes it homogeneously, and delivers it to the disc spreader. The application rate and working width dynamically adjust to the sensor data and speed, ensuring uniform, needs-based organic fertilization in different field zones.

Claims

[1] An automatic fertilizer spreading device consisting of a chassis supported by motorized omnidirectional wheels, several storage chambers each with a motorized iris lid, a preparation element with a sieve arranged over a mixing container, several slides that work together to break down organic material on the sieve into fine particles, a motorized agitator in the container to homogenize the particles, a soil sensor module mounted on primary pins to acquire soil type data on a pole above a plate, and a motorized centrifugal disc to pick up and distribute the homogenized material on the soil. [2] Device according to claim 1, wherein a control system adjusts the openings of the iris flap, the working cycles of the slide and the mixing time and the disc delivery rate according to the soil data in order to achieve a variable application rate. [3] Device according to claim 1, wherein the preparation element has a perforated sieve and an anti-bridge geometry and the slides and gates operate in sequential strokes to prevent clogging and to achieve a target particle size compatible with the centrifugal disk distribution. [4] Device according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal disk has several blades and a controllable rotational speed and the device further comprises guide plates and a feed cone for centering the material on the hub of the disk as well as calibration routines for maintaining a uniform strip distribution.