GUAVEEXTRAKT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a process for producing an extract from the fruit of the common guava (Psidium guajava). Furthermore, the invention relates to an extract obtainable by the process according to the invention and to a composition containing the extract according to the invention. The present invention also relates to the use of the composition according to the invention as a food supplement and / or pharmaceutical. The invention also relates to the production of a composition according to the invention, in particular a food supplement.

[0002] From WO 2017 / 137405, it is known that guaijaverine (quercetin-3-O-alpha-I-arabinopyranoside) can reduce and / or inhibit intestinal glucose absorption. Guaijaverine is a natural product derived from the common guava. Furthermore, guaijaverine is a polyphenol and belongs to the group of flavonols; the sugar arabinose is glycosidically bound to the quercetin matrix.

[0003] Extracts from the common guava can be obtained from the leaves, fruits, or seeds of the common guava tree, for example, using organic solvents such as ethanol or ethyl acetate and at elevated temperatures. Such extracts vary in composition depending on the extracted material (leaves, fruits, or seeds) and the extraction method, but often contain various polyphenols such as guaijaverin. Conventional extraction methods include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and maceration. US 2010 / 249248 A1 describes alcoholic extracts from the fruit of the common guava that are said to have a positive effect on carbohydrate metabolism.

[0004] In recent years, extraction, also known as high-pressure extraction (HDE), fluid extraction, or supercritical fluid extraction, has established itself as a new processing and extraction method in food chemistry. During extraction, a gas is brought into a supercritical state by high pressure and possibly elevated temperatures. For certain gases, the supercritical state exhibits a significant increase in solubility for specific substances. Gases suitable as extraction agents include ethene, propane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and chlorotrifluoromethane.

[0005] Extraction is suitable, for example, for separating certain low-volatility and thermally unstable natural products. The fact that certain gases exhibit a significant increase in their solubility for specific substances in the supercritical state means that extraction is now used for decaffeinating coffee, extracting hops and spices, separating free fatty acids from fats and oils, removing small mineral particles from highly viscous liquids, separating mono- and diacylglycerols, and for many other separation processes. Based on the ability of supercritical liquids to selectively separate specific substances, supercritical liquid chromatography (SFC) was also developed.

[0006] Castro-Vargas HI et al. (J. of Supercritical Fluids 51, 2010, 319-324) describe the extraction of a phenolic fraction from the seeds of the common guava. Since extraction with pure carbon dioxide yields very low results compared to conventional ethanolic Soxhlet extraction, ethanol or ethyl acetate is used as a cosolvene. The cosolvene allows the extraction to surpass the ethanolic extraction in overall yield, although the proportion of the phenolic fraction in the extracted extract remains lower than with conventional ethanolic extraction. Chemical analysis indicates that the extract obtained by ethanolic extraction and that obtained by extraction differ in composition, as the extract obtained by either ethanolic or extraction exhibits superior antioxidant activity depending on the test method.

[0007] Moura PM et al. (J. of Supercritical Fluids 62, 2012, 116-122) describe the extraction of guava leaves by extraction with carbon dioxide and preferably ethanol as a cosolvene. According to Moura PM et al., compared to conventional extracts, the carbon dioxide extracts exhibit a higher content of essential oils, flavonoids, antioxidant compounds, and beta-carotene. CN 104 984 186 A and CN 106 107 993 A also relate to extraction extracts from guava.

[0008] The present invention is based on the objective of providing a process using extraction for the production of an extract from the fruit of the common guava (Psidium guajava). A further objective of the invention is to provide the extract obtainable by the process and a composition comprising the extract. It is also an objective of the invention to provide the use of the composition as a food supplement and / or medicinal product and a process for producing the composition, in particular a food supplement.

[0009] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a method according to claim 1. With regard to the extract obtainable by the method according to the invention and the composition comprising the extract according to the invention, this problem is solved by claims 10 and 11. With regard to the use of the composition according to the invention, this problem is solved by claim 12. With regard to the method for producing the composition according to the invention, in particular a food supplement, this problem is solved by claim 15.

[0010] The invention is based on the idea of ​​providing a process for producing an extract from the fruit of the common guava (Psidium guajava). Preferably, the process comprises providing a material to be extracted, produced from the fruit of the common guava, and extracting the material to be extracted using carbon dioxide as an extraction agent in a high-pressure extraction plant to obtain an extract.

[0011] Surprisingly, the process according to the invention yields an extract in which none of the polyphenols or flavonoids found in conventional extracts of the common guava, such as an ethanolic extract from the fruit or leaves of the common guava, are detected. Thus, the composition of the obtained extract, particularly with regard to polyphenols, differs significantly from the composition of extracts of the common guava obtained by processes not according to the invention. It remains unclear whether, in the present process, only specific compounds are extracted during the extraction, or whether additional new products are formed by a potentially present acidic mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide and water, in which case the extraction is not merely an extraction process, but surprisingly also a novel manufacturing process.Even more surprising is that the extract according to the invention exhibits a much stronger inhibition of glucose transport, a more pronounced reduction of blood sugar spikes and a stronger inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption than conventional comparison extracts.

[0012] Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0013] In preferred embodiments, the term fruit or fruits refers to fruit pulp, optionally with skin or peel.

[0014] Preferably, the term fruit(s) does not include the seeds, kernels and / or leaves or parts thereof.

[0015] Carbon dioxide is preferably used as the extraction agent for the process according to the invention. Instead of carbon dioxide, for example ethene, propane, ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitrous monoxide and / or chlorotrifluoromethane can also be used as the extraction agent in a process according to the invention.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the high-pressure extraction system comprises at least one extractor. In the extractor, the carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state and extracts the material to be extracted.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the high-pressure extraction system comprises at least one separator. The separator operates at a lower temperature and pressure than the extractor, causing an extract to separate from the carbon dioxide transferred from the extractor to the separator.

[0018] Preferably, the extraction is carried out by supplying carbon dioxide to an extractor and directing extract-laden carbon dioxide from the extractor into a separator in which the extract separates from the carbon dioxide.

[0019] Preferably, the extraction takes place in a continuous mode in which pure carbon dioxide is continuously supplied to the extractor and extract-laden carbon dioxide is continuously fed from the extractor into the separator, in which extract is separated from the carbon dioxide.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the material to be extracted comprises a puree of the fruit of the common guava or a solid obtained by drying puree of the fruit of the common guava.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the material to be extracted comprises at least 60 wt.% a pulp of the fruit of the common guava or a solid obtained by drying pulp of the fruit of the common guava.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the material to be extracted is a puree of the fruit of the common guava or a solid obtained by drying a puree of the fruit of the common guava.

[0023] Preferably, the material to be extracted does not contain seeds, kernels and / or leaves of the common guava or parts thereof.

[0024] Preferably, the puree made from the fruit of the common guava or the solid obtained by drying a puree made from the fruit of the common guava contains no seeds, kernels and / or leaves of the common guava or parts thereof.

[0025] Preferably, the material to be extracted is dried to a water content of 3 wt.% to 50 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% to 35 wt.%, and particularly preferably 7 wt.% to 30 wt.%, before extraction.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the material to be extracted is dried to a solid with a water content of 7 wt.% to 30 wt.% before extraction.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the material to be extracted is dried before extraction using a drying oven or vacuum chamber.

[0028] In one possible embodiment, the material to be extracted is dried before extraction at 30 °C to 75 °C, preferably at 35 °C to 65 °C, for a duration of 20 h to 120 h, preferably from 40 h to 80 h.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the material to be extracted is dried in a vacuum chamber at 30 °C to 50 °C before extraction.

[0030] If the material to be extracted is a solid obtained by drying a pulp from the fruit of the common guava, or comprises such a solid, the solid is preferably comminuted before extraction. Preferably, the solid is comminuted into a powder, wherein preferably at least 80 wt.% of the powder components have a diameter between 0.05 mm and 30 mm, more preferably between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.

[0031] Preferably, water is added to the material to be extracted as a cosolvene for the extraction process, preferably 1 wt% to 30 wt% water, particularly preferably 8 wt% to 20 wt% water, based on the dry mass of the material to be extracted. Using water as a cosolvent increases the extraction yield.

[0032] Preferably, the pressure in an extractor of the high-pressure extraction plant during extraction is 100 bar to 500 bar, more preferably 200 bar to 400 bar, and most preferably 250 bar to 350 bar.

[0033] Preferably, the temperature in an extractor of the high-pressure extraction system during extraction is 31 °C to 80 °C, preferably 31 °C to 50 °C.

[0034] In one possible embodiment, the extraction takes place over 1 h to 8 h, preferably 2 h to 4 h.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the high-pressure extraction system comprises an extractor and a separator, and the extractor is subjected during extraction to a continuous flow of carbon dioxide of 2 to 20, preferably 5 to 12, kilograms of carbon dioxide per hour per kilogram of material to be extracted, the continuous flow of carbon dioxide being fed to the separator. The amount of carbon dioxide refers to the dry mass of the material to be extracted.

[0036] Preferably, a temperature of 10 °C to 40 °C, preferably 15 °C to 35 °C, is present in a separator of the high-pressure extraction plant during the extraction process.

[0037] Preferably, a pressure of 15 bar to 55 bar, preferably 30 bar to 50 bar, is present in a separator of the high-pressure extraction plant during the extraction process.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the water content of the material to be extracted is set to 3 wt.% to 50 wt.%, preferably to 7 wt.% to 30 wt.%, at the beginning of the extraction.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the extract obtained is dried after extraction, preferably using a drying oven or vacuum chamber, and the water content after drying is preferably < 10 wt.%.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the obtained extract, particularly with regard to polyphenols, differs significantly from the composition of extracts of the true guava obtained by methods not in accordance with the invention.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, none of the polyphenols identified in extracts of the true guava obtained by methods not in accordance with the invention are identified in the extract obtained, wherein the polyphenols are preferably identified using an HPLC method mentioned in the examples.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, none of the polyphenols identified in extracts of the common guava obtained by methods not according to the invention are identified in the extract obtained, wherein the polyphenols are preferably identified using an HPLC method mentioned in the examples, and wherein the polyphenols include or are phloridzin, phloretin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, avicularin, guaijaverin, procyanidin B1 and B2, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallic acid and ellagic acid.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the obtained extract contains less than 0.8 wt.%, preferably less than 0.3 wt.%, of the compounds phloridzin, phloretin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, avicularin, guaijaverin, procyanidin B1 and B2, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallic acid and ellagic acid, each in amounts less than 0.8 wt.%, preferably less than 0.3 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the extract.

[0044] The invention is further based on the idea of ​​providing an extract obtainable by the inventive method.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the obtained extract, particularly with regard to polyphenols, differs significantly from the composition of extracts of the true guava obtained by methods not in accordance with the invention.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, none of the polyphenols identified in extracts of the true guava obtained by methods not in accordance with the invention are identified in the extract obtained, wherein the polyphenols are preferably identified using an HPLC method mentioned in the examples.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, none of the polyphenols identified in extracts of the common guava obtained by methods not according to the invention are identified in the extract obtained, wherein the polyphenols are preferably identified using an HPLC method mentioned in the examples, and wherein the polyphenols include or are phloridzin, phloretin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, avicularin, guaijaverin, procyanidin B1 and B2, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallic acid and ellagic acid.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the obtained extract contains less than 0.8 wt.%, preferably less than 0.3 wt.%, of the compounds phloridzin, phloretin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, avicularin, guaijaverin, procyanidin B1 and B2, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallic acid and ellagic acid, each in amounts less than 0.8 wt.%, preferably less than 0.3 wt.%, based on the dry mass of the extract.

[0049] The invention is further based on the idea of ​​specifying a composition containing the extract obtainable by the inventive method.

[0050] Surprisingly, none of the polyphenols or flavonoids found in conventional extracts of the common guava, such as an ethanolic extract from the fruit or leaves of the common guava, were detected in the extract or composition according to the invention. This is particularly surprising since the extract according to the invention exhibits a much stronger inhibition of glucose transport, a more pronounced reduction of blood glucose spikes, and a stronger inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption than conventional comparator extracts.

[0051] Therefore, the invention is also based on the idea of ​​providing an extract obtainable by the inventive method, or a composition containing the extract obtainable by the inventive method, for use as a food supplement and / or medicinal product.

[0052] In particular, a composition for use in reducing blood sugar spikes and / or inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption and / or weight reduction should be specified.

[0053] In preferred embodiments, the composition is for use in the treatment or prevention of diabetes mellitus and / or hyperglycemia and / or obesity.

[0054] The invention is also based on the idea of ​​providing a method for producing a composition according to the invention, in particular a food supplement containing the extract according to the invention, wherein the extract is obtainable by the method according to the invention. The method for producing a composition according to the invention comprises: a) Providing an extract obtainable by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10; b) Applying the extract to a carrier substance to obtain an extract-containing carrier substance; c) Mixing the extract-containing carrier substance with other components of the composition, in particular the food supplement.

[0055] Preferably, the extract is applied in the form of a solution of the extract in aqueous ethanol or propanol.

[0056] Preferably, the extract is applied by spraying a solution of the extract onto a carrier substance.

[0057] Preferably, the extract-containing carrier substance is dried after the extract has been applied in order to remove water and alcohol.

[0058] Preferably, the carrier substance is mixed during application.

[0059] The process ensures a particularly even distribution of the extract in the composition.

[0060] The individual steps involved in carrying out the extraction and providing the material to be extracted, made from the fruit of the common guava, as well as the suitable high-pressure extraction equipment, are known to those skilled in the art. The preparation of a puree from the fruit of the common guava is also known to those skilled in the art.

[0061] Unless otherwise stated, the water content in the patent application is calculated according to the following formula: Wassergehalt Gew . - % = 100 × Masse Wasser / Masse Wasser + Trockenmasse

[0062] The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

[0063] These show: Fig. 1 an HPLC chromatogram of an extract according to the invention; Fig. 2 the effect of an extract according to the invention and several comparator extracts on the glucose transport of Caco-2 cells; Fig. 3A-3C the effect of an extract according to the invention and a comparator extract during a glucose tolerance test in mice. An example according to the invention relating to a process for producing an extract from the fruit of the common guava.

[0064] The material to be extracted, made from the fruit of the common guava, is "Single Strength White Guava Puree." This puree has a minimum Brix value of 8.5, originates from India, and is delivered sealed in special foil in a refrigerated aseptic drum. The puree contains no seeds, kernels, or leaves of the common guava, nor any parts thereof. It is spread onto silicone mats and dried in a drying oven at 60°C for 72 hours, being turned regularly. Drying the puree from the common guava fruit yields a solid with a water content of approximately 23% by weight. The material to be extracted is then chilled to -20°C in a freezer and subsequently ground using a JTC blender, with most particles having a diameter between 0.1 mm and 10 mm. The ground material is stored in a freezer at -20°C until extraction.

[0065] Two extraction processes, extraction 1 and extraction 2, are performed on a high-pressure extraction system. The high-pressure extraction system comprises an extractor in which the carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state and extracts the material to be extracted. The high-pressure extraction system includes two separators connected in series, separator 1 and separator 2.

[0066] The separators operate at a lower temperature and pressure than the extractor, allowing the extract to separate. Extraction is carried out continuously, with pure carbon dioxide continuously supplied to the extractor and extract-laden carbon dioxide continuously transferred from the extractor to the separators. As the extract-laden carbon dioxide is transferred from the extractor to the separators, the gas expands and cools. The lower temperature and pressure in the separators allow the extract to separate from the carbon dioxide transferred from the extractor. After the extraction time has elapsed, any remaining carbon dioxide is discharged via the separators. In separator 1, a yellowish, guava-scented liquid has separated as the extract (39 g in extraction 1).55 g for extraction 2). To determine the dry mass, the extract is dried in a drying oven at 60 °C for 24 hours. The dry mass of the extracts is 0.31 wt% (extraction 1) and 0.46 wt% (extraction 2), respectively, and represents the non-volatile fraction. The parameters used for extraction are summarized in Table 1. Table 1 parameter Distraction 1 2 Extraction time [min] 180 180 Pressure in the extractor [bar] 300 300 Pressure in the separator 1 [bar] 45 45 Pressure in the separator 2 [bar] 45 45 Temperature in the extractor [°C] 43 43 Temperature in the separator 1 [°C] 25 25 Temperature in the separator 2 [°C] 25 25 Carbon dioxide flow rate CO2 [kg / h] 20 20 Total CO2 consumption [kg] 61 60 material Material to be extracted [g] 2014 1860 Cosolvens Water [g] - 186 Residue in extractor [g] 1981 1993 Extract in separator 1 [g] 39 55 Extract in separator 2 [g] - - Total yield of extract [wt.%] 1,9 2,7 Dry mass of the extract [wt%] 0,31 0,46 Comparative example concerning a process for producing an extract from the fruit of the common guava by means of ethanolic extraction

[0067] The extraction material, made from the fruit of the common guava, is sourced from Tradework BV in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The puree has a minimum Brix value of 8.5, originates from India, and is delivered sealed in special foil in a refrigerated aseptic drum. The puree contains no seeds, kernels, or leaves of the common guava, nor any parts thereof. It is spread onto silicone mats and dried in a drying oven at 60°C for 72 hours, being turned regularly. Drying the puree from the common guava fruit yields a solid with a water content of approximately 23% by weight. The extraction material is then chilled to -20°C in a freezer and subsequently ground using a JTC blender, with most particles having a diameter between 0.1 mm and 10 mm. The ground material is stored in a freezer at -20°C until ethanolic extraction.0.5 g of the powdered material is stirred in 25 mL of ethanol (80 vol%) at 60 °C for 10 minutes. The mixture is filtered, and the process is repeated with the residue. The filtrates are combined, concentrated under vacuum, and reconstituted in 3 mL of deionized water. Chemical analysis of the extracts

[0068] The following extracts were analyzed for their constituents using HPLC: The extracts according to the invention from extraction 1 and extraction 2, the ethanolic reference extract (not according to the invention), a purified and concentrated extract from leaves of the true guava from Belan GmbH in Wels, Austria (not according to the invention), a further extract from leaves of the true guava from Pfannenschmidt in Hamburg, Germany (not according to the invention) and an apple extract from Pfannenschmidt in Hamburg, Germany (not according to the invention).

[0069] For the identification of polyphenols in the non-inventional extracts, an Agilent 1260 Infinity LC system with vacuum degasser, quaternary pump, autosampler, and photodiode array detector is used. High-resolution mass spectra are obtained using a Thermo Fisher Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL with an Ion Max API electrospray source in negative ionization mode. The following parameters are used during the analysis: capillary temperature 350 °C, tube gas flow 45 U, auxiliary gas flow 15 U, source voltage 3.5 kV, capillary voltage -25 V, tube -90 V. Separations are performed using a Hypersil ODS C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm inner diameter, 5 µm particle size from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vienna, Austria). Analytes are separated by gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid (B).The injection volume is 5 µL for all samples and the flow rate is 0.67 mL / min with a gradient for constant elution.

[0070] For the identification of polyphenols in the extracts from extraction 1 and extraction 2 according to the invention, a Thermo Scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000 with an LPG-3400SD pump with integrated degasser, a cooled WPS-3000 U(T)SL autosampler, a temperature-controlled column compartment, and an FLD-34000RS photodiode array detector with Chromeleon software is used. The analysis is performed with an Accucore C18 column (150 mm x 3.0 mm inner diameter, 2.6 µm particle size; Thermo Scientific). The column temperature is set to 40 °C and the injection volume is 1 µL. Detection is performed at wavelengths of 260 nm and 360 nm. The analytes are separated by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min, with mobile phase A containing 0.1% formic acid (FA) in water and mobile phase B containing 0.1% FA in acetonitrile. Initially, 95% of mobile phase A and 5% of mobile phase B are used.At minute 8, the proportion of B is increased to 20%, at minute 12 to 40%, at minute 15 to 60%, and at minute 17 to 80%. At minute 20, the proportion of B is reduced to 5% for a further 5 minutes.

[0071] Up to 16 different polyphenolic compounds can be identified in the various non-inventive extracts from the common guava: phloridzin, phloretin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, avicularin, guaijaverin, procyanidin B1 and B2, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. However, none of these compounds are identified in the inventive extracts from extraction 1 and extraction 2. An HPLC chromatogram of an extract according to the invention is shown in Fig. 1 shown.

[0072] The identified ingredients of the non-inventive extracts were quantified using a further HPLC method. Investigation of the inhibition of glucose transport in Caco-2 cells

[0073] The inhibition was investigated using the following extracts: Extract according to the invention, ethanolic comparative extract (not according to the invention), purified and concentrated extract from leaves of the true guava from Belan GmbH from Wels in Austria (not according to the invention), a further extract from leaves of the true guava from Pfannenschmidt in Hamburg in Germany (not according to the invention). Experimental procedure:

[0074] The medium containing differentiated Caco-2 cells was removed, and the cells were washed twice with HEPES buffer (20 mM HEPES, 137 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.2 mM MgSO₄, 1.8 mM CaCl₂) and placed in a new 12-well plate containing 800 µL of HEPES buffer in the basolateral compartment. The apical compartment was then filled with 500 µL of donor solution containing cell culture medium with 2.1 g / L glucose, 1.0 g / L xylitol, and an extract. In control experiments, 500 µL of donor solution containing cell culture medium with 2.1 g / L glucose and 1.0 g / L xylitol was used. Samples of 100 µL were taken from the basolateral compartment at specific time points and analyzed for glucose content by HPLC. TEER values ​​were assessed at each time point to ensure the integrity of the single-cell layer. Finally, 100 µL of donor solution from the apical compartment was used to quantify the remaining glucose concentration.To treat the extracts with digestive juices, 100 mg of each extract was treated for 2 hours at 37 °C with 1 mL of intestinal juice (KCl 0.3 g / L, CaCl₂ 0.5 g / L, MgCl₂ 0.2 g / L, NaHCO₃ 1 g / L, trypsin 0.3 g / L, pancreatin 9 g / L, urea 0.3 g / L, pH 7.5). The samples were then diluted to a final concentration of 100 mg / L or mL / L using a culture medium containing 2.1 g / L glucose and 1.0 g / L xylitol. Sugar analysis was performed using a Jasco LC-2000 Plus Series system, comprising an analytical pump with external degasser, autosampler, temperature-controlled column compartment, a Jasco RI-2031 Plus detector, and a UV-Vis detector, equipped with Chrompass software (all from Jasco Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Separation was carried out on the following column: Varian Meta Carb 87H (PN A5210, SN 12509907). The column temperature was set to 56 °C, and isocratic elution was performed at 0.8 mL / min.6 mM sulfuric acid in double deionized water was used as the mobile phase. Data were processed using Jasco Chrompass Chromatography System software. Results:

[0075] The results regarding the inhibition of glucose transport from Caco-2 cells by the extracts are in Fig. 2The diagram illustrates glucose transport through Caco-2 cells in the presence of the extracts. 100% glucose transport corresponds to the uninhibited glucose transport observed in the control experiments without extracts. Inhibition of glucose transport is most pronounced with all extracts at 30 minutes and decreases over the course of several hours. The strongest inhibition of glucose transport is observed with the extract according to the invention (GFE SFE, at 30 minutes only approximately 13% of the glucose transport of the control). Strong inhibition is also observed with the purified and concentrated extract from the leaves of the common guava (cGLE, at 30 minutes only approximately 30% of the glucose transport of the control). The ethanolic reference extract (GFE EtOH) and the other extract from the leaves of the common guava (GLE) show approximately 60% to 70% of the glucose transport of the control at 30 minutes. Investigation of the inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption and the reduction of blood glucose spikes in animal experiments

[0076] The effects of the following extracts were investigated: Extract according to the invention, purified and concentrated extract from leaves of the true guava of Belan GmbH from Wels in Austria (not according to the invention). Experimental procedure:

[0077] Female C57BL / 6N mice were obtained from Janvier Labs at eight weeks of age and kept conventionally at 22°C, on a 12-hour light / 12-hour dark cycle, with free access to water and food (rat / mouse maintenance food, 10 mm, V1534-000, Ssniff GmbH, Germany). The mice were initially divided into two groups of six. To allow the animals to acclimate to the local environment, the mice were kept in the animal room for at least 24 days without treatment. On the day before the oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed, the mice were moved to the experimental room and deprived of food, except for water, for 12 hours. Test solutions were freshly prepared each day.Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed over two days, with six mice per test day in the following groups: control group (1.5 g glucose / kg body weight), leaf extract group (1.5 g glucose + 400 mg of the purified and concentrated extract from the leaves of the common guava / kg body weight), and group for the extract according to the invention (1.5 g glucose + 400 mg of the extract according to the invention / kg body weight). The test solutions were administered orally via tube feeding, and blood samples were taken from the tail tip before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after glucose administration. The blood samples were analyzed for glucose content using a Contour XT glucometer instrument from Bayer, Germany. The experiments were approved by the Austrian Animal Ethics Committee. Results:

[0078] The results are in Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C depicted. Fig. 3AThis shows the relative increase (delta) of blood glucose levels over a period of 120 minutes. The blood glucose levels before oral glucose administration serve as the reference value for the relative increase. When pure glucose is administered, a sharp increase in blood glucose levels occurs at minute 30 ( Fig. 3A and 3B When glucose and the extract according to the invention (GFE SFE) are administered, the rise at minute 30 is significantly lower. The purified and concentrated extract from the leaves of the common guava (cGLE) has a somewhat less pronounced effect. Thus, in all groups, a blood glucose spike occurs 30 minutes after oral glucose administration, with the blood glucose rise being lowest in the group with the added extract according to the invention (delta 12.6 ± 3.3 mg / dL), followed by the group with the comparator extract (delta 21.8 ± 3.2 mg / dL). The highest blood glucose level (delta 39.5 ± 4.9 mg / dL) is reached in the control group. The extract according to the invention therefore avoids blood glucose spikes. Fig. 3Cforms the area under the respective curves of the Fig. 3A These areas approximately represent the total amount of glucose absorbed intestinally within two hours (delta AUC). Compared to pure glucose solution and glucose solution with the other extract, the extract according to the invention leads to a significantly reduced amount of intestinally absorbed glucose. Use of the extract or a composition containing the extract

[0079] It has been shown that the extract according to the invention, or a composition containing the extract, enables the reduction of blood glucose spikes and the inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption. By inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption, the extract, or a composition containing the extract, is also suitable for weight loss. Therefore, the extract according to the invention, or a composition containing the extract, is recommended for use both as a dietary supplement and as a medicinal product. Dietary supplement

[0080] For use as a dietary supplement, it is recommended to apply the extract as a solution in aqueous ethanol or propanol to a carrier substance, such as lactose, maltodextrin, carbonate, algae powder, and / or guar gum, which is mixed during the process, particularly by spraying. The resulting material is homogenized, dried in a drying oven, mixed with other substances to form a dietary supplement, and, for example, filled into capsules. The following are the additional ingredients of an exemplary embodiment, which is a dietary supplement in powder or capsule form. The dietary supplement is taken with a meal.The ingredients are, in particular, fructose, gum arabic, oat bran, pea fiber, thickeners (guar gum, pectin), acidifier (citric acid), guarana extract powder (maltodextrin, guarana extract, caffeine), flavoring, acerola extract powder (maltodextrin, vitamin C, acerola extract), vitamin C, beetroot powder (beetroot juice concentrate, maltodextrin, acidity regulator (citric acid)), apple fiber, vegetable powder (broccoli, white cabbage, carrots (maltodextrin, carrots), bell peppers, spinach, tomatoes), multi-enzyme complex (amylase, lactase, protease, cellulase, lipase), inulin, rice bran, lactic acid cultures (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Laciobacillus reuteri), turmeric extract with gamma-cyclodextrin, sweetener (steviol glycosides (steviol glycosides, flavoring)), selenium yeast. Niacin, green tea extract, algae powder, vitamin E, beta-carotene, pantothenic acid, grape seed extract, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin B1, folic acid, biotin and vitamin B12.Further nutritional information for the food supplement is shown in Table 2 below, with the respective values ​​referring to 100 g of the food supplement: . Table 2 Fat < 0,4 g carbohydrates 53 g Dietary fiber 33 g protein 1,0 g Salt (sodium chloride) < 0,3 g selenium 200 µg Vitamin C 1000 mg niacin 340 mg NE Vitamin E 67 mg alpha-TE Pantothenic acid 60 mg Vitamin B1 14 mg Vitamin B2 16 mg Vitamin B6 20 mg Vitamin B12 10 µg Vitamin A (from provitamin A) 2220 µg RE Folic acid 2000 µg Biotin 1500 µg Caffeine, especially from guarana extract powder 200 mg drug

[0081] Reducing blood glucose spikes, inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption, and weight loss are important goals in the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Therefore, the extract according to the invention, or a composition containing the extract, is recommended for use in the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus and / or hyperglycemia and / or obesity. The drug is taken orally with meals to mitigate the effects of dietary sugars and supports therapy with insulin, acarbose, biguanides, glinides, DPP-IV inhibitors, glitazones, and / or sulfonylureas. For use as a drug, it is advantageous to apply the extract as a solution of the extract in aqueous ethanol or propanol onto a carrier substance, e.g., lactose, maltodextrin, carbonate, algae powder, and / or guar gum, which is mixed during the process, particularly by spraying.The material is homogenized, dried in a drying oven, optionally mixed with other substances, and then filled into capsules, for example. Other dosage forms such as tablets, solutions, emulsions, and oral films are also possible.

Claims

1. Method for producing extracts from fruits of the true guava (Psidium guajava), comprising: a) providing a material to be extracted, produced from fruits of the true guava; b) extracting by supercritical fluid the material to be extracted using carbon dioxide as a supercritical fluid extraction agent and a high-pressure extraction system to obtain an extract, wherein water is added as a co-solvent to the material to be extracted by supercritical fluid.

2. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material to be extracted comprises a pulp made of fruits of the true guava or a solid obtained by drying a pulp made of fruits of the true guava.

3. Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the material to be extracted is dried before the supercritical fluid extraction to a water content of 3 wt.% to 50 wt.%, preferably of 5 wt.% to 35 wt.%, particularly preferably of 7 wt.% to 30 wt.%.

4. Method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the material to be extracted is dried before the supercritical fluid extraction to form a solid having a water content of 7 wt.% to 30 wt.%.

5. Method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein 1 wt.% to 30 wt.% water, particularly preferably 8 wt.% to 20 wt.% water, in relation to the dry mass of the material to be extracted, is added as a co-solvent to the material to be extracted for the supercritical fluid extraction.

6. Method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure in an extractor of the high-pressure extraction system during the supercritical fluid extraction is 100 bar to 500 bar, preferably 200 bar to 400 bar, very particularly preferably 250 bar to 350 bar, and / or the temperature in an extractor of the high-pressure extraction system during the supercritical fluid extraction is 31°C to 80°C, preferably 31°C to 50°C.

7. Method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the extract obtained contains less than 0.8 wt.%, preferably less than 0.3 wt.%, in relation to the dry mass of the extract, of each of the compounds phloridzin, phloretin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperosid, avicularin, guaijaverin, procyanidin B1 and B2, (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid.

8. Method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the supercritical fluid extraction takes place over 1 hour to 8 hours, preferably 2 hours to 4 hours, and / or the high-pressure extraction system comprises an extractor and a separator and a continuous flow of carbon dioxide of 2 to 20, preferably of 5 to 12, kilograms of carbon dioxide per hour per kilogram of material to be extracted flows through the extractor during the supercritical fluid extraction, wherein the continuous flow of carbon dioxide is supplied to the separator.

9. Method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a temperature of 10°C to 40°C, preferably of 15°C to 35°C, and / or a pressure of 15 bar to 55 bar, preferably of 30 bar to 50 bar is present in a separator of the high-pressure extraction system during the supercritical fluid extraction.

10. Extract obtainable by the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Composition containing the extract as claimed in claim 10.

12. Composition as claimed in either one of claims 10 or 11, in particular 11, for use as a nutritional supplement and / or medication.

13. Composition as claimed in claim 12 for use for reducing blood sugar spikes and / or for inhibiting intestinal glucose resorption and / or for reducing weight.

14. Composition as claimed in claim 12 or 13 for use in the treatment or prevention of diabetes mellitus and / or hyperglycemia and / or obesity.

15. Method for producing a composition as claimed in claim 11, in particular a nutritional supplement, comprising: a) providing an extract obtainable by the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10; b) applying the extract to a carrier substance, in particular by spraying a solution of the extract onto a carrier substance, to obtain an extract-containing carrier substance; c) mixing the extract-containing carrier substance with further components of the composition, in particular of the nutritional supplement.