METHOD FOR PRODUCING A STACKED STRUCTURE

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing a stack structure made of foil- or sheet-shaped individual layers. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the method for producing an electrode stack for a battery cell or for producing a fuel cell stack. State of the art

[0002] JP 2011-086506 discloses a manufacturing device for layered batteries, with which a continuous cathode material, a continuous anode material, and a continuous separator material are continuously processed and a cathode, an anode, and a separator are continuously formed along specific lines. The sides of each fracture line can be separated. The separated materials are stacked in a pile. The fracture lines of the individual raw materials lie one above the other. Using a cutting device, a number of battery materials are manufactured along the fracture lines.

[0003] US 2005 / 0286209 discloses the bonding of a punched film to another film having a punched pattern defining at least one parting line. The punched pattern has, at least in one direction, several parting lines extending parallel to each other or has several parting lines running perpendicular to each other.

[0004] The individual films can be stacked to form electrochemical components. In punched films, the punch pattern is similar to a perforation; the punched pattern determines the cutting edges for subsequent separation by cutting or other means of the components on such films that are laminated together or otherwise bonded together.

[0005] US 2012 / 0210549 discloses a method for manufacturing an electric double-layer cell, wherein first and second electrode sheets are first produced by printing an electrode material onto a conductive sheet. The first and second electrode sheets are bonded together to form an electrode unit. The first and second electrode sheets are stacked, with a separator inserted between them such that the number of first and second electrodes overlaps. The stacked first and second electrode sheets are cut.

[0006] The publication KR 2012 0117634 A discloses a method for producing an electrode for a battery cell from sheet-shaped individual layers.

[0007] The document WO 2018 / 059967 A1 discloses a method for producing an electrode stack for a battery cell from sheet-shaped individual layers.

[0008] Battery cells, such as lithium-ion cells, are constructed in layers. The individual layers consist of anode and cathode foils and a separator separating them. The structure of the battery cells varies depending on the shape of the battery cells and their area of ​​application. Such battery cells can be constructed by single-sheet stacking, flat winding, creating a Z-fold, creating a Z-fold of the separator, and then inserting individual electrodes. Today, flat winding and single-sheet stacking are primarily used to produce electrode stacks. Flat winding is not optimal in terms of its volume utilization. Volume utilization is a key metric for a battery cell and provides information about the cell's energy and power density.Furthermore, flat winding is not optimal in terms of service life, as it causes the winding to "breathe" during charging and discharging, which can lead to stress and undefined deformation. Furthermore, cooling problems arise due to the non-flat layers, which represent the heat transfer to the outside.

[0009] While single-sheet stacking offers advantages, it is relatively complex for mass production due to the need to maintain tight positioning tolerances between individual layers. Furthermore, relatively high cycle times must be achieved with single-sheet stacking. Stacking along a lateral mechanical stop is not possible because the individual layers have different sizes; for example, the separator layer is larger than the anode, which in turn is larger than the cathode layer. Single-sheet stacking offers greater freedom in the design of the battery cell, allowing for asymmetrical contours. Single-sheet stacking also has advantages regarding the use of newer materials, such as thinner foils and more brittle materials.

[0010] Fuel cell stacks for fuel cells and lithium battery cell stacks are also manufactured from a stack of thin components of different materials. The individual components are typically present in individual pieces and are stacked on top of one another in stacking processes, for example, using robot kinematics in pick-and-place operations. Typically, the individual layers in these products vary in their properties. This means that the individual layers are of different sizes, made of different materials, and have different outer contours. This causes difficulties with regard to stacking the raw material and the subsequent processing of the outer contour of the resulting stack through cutting processes.This means that typically the individual components are first separated from a web or sheet material, the excess material is removed, after which the individual elements are separated and then stacked using suitable methods.

[0011] Separating and subsequent stacking has the following disadvantages, among others: Depending on the properties of the individual components (i.e., the individual layers) in terms of thickness, flexibility, adhesiveness, electrostatic charge, and porosity, automated handling is very challenging. The materials can bend, fold, or stick to themselves due to self-adhesive and electrostatic effects. Furthermore, the materials used are too unstable to be handled in a defined manner as individual layers. Furthermore, the materials are too sensitive to be touched in the functional area; for example, damage can occur due to gripping techniques.

[0012] Continuous handling would have advantages in terms of process complexity and robustness in terms of accuracy and / or speed. When stacking components, for example, using a pick & place cycle involving a robot and another handling device, approximately half of the work cycles involve non-value-added empty runs.

[0013] Overall, current manufacturing processes for stacks of very thin individual layers, whether for electrode stacks for battery cells or for fuel cell stacks for fuel cells, are very unsatisfactory, so that a remedy must be found. Description of the invention

[0014] Following the solution proposed according to the invention, a method for producing a stack structure of a battery cell or a fuel cell from foil- or sheet-shaped individual layers is proposed, wherein at least the following method steps are carried out: a) producing individual layers with an outer contour by perforation in at least one perforation direction in a web-like material for each of the individual layers, b 1 ) carrying out the perforation in such a way that tear-off edges of perforation webs serving as predetermined breaking points lie within the outer contour, b 2 ) carrying out the perforation in such a way that temporary support structures are formed between individual layers in the respective web-like material, c 1 ) separating individual, identical individual layers from one another at the predetermined breaking points lying within the outer contour of an individual layer or c 2 ) separating web pieces / sheets from a plurality of identical individual layers connected to one another via temporary support structures and d) carrying out a stacking process of web pieces / sheets and separating the temporary support structures at the perforation after the stacking process has been completed.

[0015] In a further development of the method proposed according to the invention, the web-like materials are provided with a pre-embossed portion in the area of ​​the tear-off edges of the perforation webs and / or are designed with a locally reduced material thickness in these areas. These measures result in web remnants forming when the individual layers are separated, which advantageously do not protrude beyond the outer contour of an individual layer, be it a cathode or an anode for an electrode stack.

[0016] Further following the solution proposed by the invention, individual identical layers produced according to process step c 1 ) can be pulled apart by applying tensile force. This eliminates the need for a cutting operation; furthermore, the need for a cutting device is eliminated.

[0017] The formation of temporary support structures according to the method proposed according to the invention makes it possible, for example, for contact lugs of individual layers to be surrounded by these temporary support structures so that the contact lugs - to give one example - are protected against damage during their handling or during a stacking process.

[0018] The transport of the web-like materials for the first, second, or third individual layer can be achieved via a perforated edge formed by a perforation within the edge areas of the web-like material and connected to the web-like material via the perforation. Here, too, after finishing, the perforation allows the no longer required perforated edge to be removed from the side of the finished individual layer or a stack without the need for a cutting operation.

[0019] If a stack structure is used to produce a battery cell using the method proposed in the invention, the stack structure comprises, in alternating sequence, first individual layers serving as cathodes, second individual layers serving as separators, and third individual layers serving as anodes. The thickness of the individual layers ranges from 5 µm to approximately 200 µm. Thus, the thickness of the anode material, including the active material, is between 5 µm and 200 µm, the thickness of the separator material is approximately 10 µm to 20 µm, while the cathode material, including the active material, generally has a thickness between 10 µm and 200 µm.

[0020] If a stack for a fuel cell is constructed using the method proposed according to the invention, the first individual layer forms, for example, a current collector, the second individual layer forms, for example, a bipolar plate, and / or the third individual layer forms a membrane electrode assembly (MEA = Membrane Electrode Array). The individual layers from which fuel cell stacks are constructed have a thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to approximately 1 mm. In the method proposed according to the invention, the temporary support structures are separated at the latest possible point in the manufacturing process, whether for a battery cell or a fuel cell.This makes it possible, on the one hand, to significantly improve the handling of the individual films and sheet-shaped individual layers and, on the other hand, to protect them from damage during handling, for example with regard to contact tabs protruding in the edge area.

[0021] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use for producing an electrode stack for a battery cell or for producing a fuel cell stack for a fuel cell. Advantages of the invention

[0022] The solution proposed according to the invention makes it possible not to cut the individual layers out of the raw material in web form, but to perforate the contour of the individual layers into it. This means that, on the one hand, the individual layers are still defined in terms of their position in the web-like material, but on the other hand, the individual layers remain mechanically connected to the raw material and are not present as individual sheet- or film-like elements, thus significantly simplifying their handling. If a stack is formed from these individual layers, it is possible to separate the individual layers from the raw material stack without any further cutting process, even though the individual sheets, for example for a battery cell, anode, cathode, and separator, each have a different outer contour.

[0023] Through the use of the perforation method proposed according to the invention, the perforation web can be positioned within an outer contour, thereby minimizing, for example, the risk of short circuits during the production of electrodes. Because the perforation web is offset inwards with respect to the outer contour, any web residue remaining after tearing off cannot protrude beyond the outer contour of the respective individual layer and thus of the stack. Due to the fact that perforation webs are pre-stamped, the position of the subsequent tear-off edge is defined; pre-stamping also enables a reduction in the stretching of the material, i.e., plastic deformation in the region of the perforation web during tearing off. The method proposed according to the invention is advantageously suitable for the manufacture of products in which film-like materials - in particular with different outer contours - are stacked.This applies, for example, to primary and secondary batteries, regardless of cell chemistry, as well as fuel cells. In the manufacture of fuel cells, the individual layers typically have thicker material thicknesses, primarily thinner sheets rather than foil. Furthermore, fuel cell stacks generally have a higher number of individual layers per stack compared to an electrode stack in a battery cell. When manufacturing fuel cells using the method proposed by the invention, significantly more time can be saved overall in the manufacture of fuel cell stacks by distributing the time for fine positioning across multiple stacks.

[0024] The method proposed according to the invention advantageously simplifies parts transport by completely separating the individual parts at the latest possible time. In the solution proposed according to the invention, separation processes of individual layers of web-like material, which would otherwise be performed by cutting or punching, are replaced by a perforation process. The separation is postponed to the latest possible point in the manufacturing process chain during the production of stacked structures for electrode stacks or fuel cell stacks. This significantly simplifies the handling of the individual layers until complete separation, since they are still connected to one another by temporary support structures.The complete separation of the individual layers from the web-like material, for example from a sheet-like material, was carried out without the use of a cutting device by simply tearing off the temporary support structures or by pulling apart the two individual elements that were still connected by a perforation.

[0025] Furthermore, it should be noted that the perforation process, since the material in question is not completely cut through, is significantly faster and represents a considerably more cost-effective technology than a complete cutting operation. By choosing the perforation process, it is possible to attach temporary support structures to the individual layers of a stack. These make it possible to protect delicate structures, such as contact tabs on cathode and anode layers, and thus prevent damage during handling or stacking. After the stacking process is complete, the temporary support structures are simply removed at the predetermined breaking points formed in the perforation, i.e., the perforation ridges. Short description of the drawing

[0026] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

[0027] It shows: Figure 1 shows a stack structure of a battery cell. Figure 2 shows an exploded view of a fuel cell stack. Figures 3, 3.1 and 3.2 show a separation process for individual layers. Figures 4.1 - 4.6 show an optimized perforation process. Figure 5 shows a stack structure. Figures 6.1 - 6.3 show a handling method for individual layers. Figures 7.1 - 7.3 show an optimized handling method for individual layers. Figure 8 shows a web-like material for a bipolar plate of a fuel cell.

[0028] According to the illustration Figure 1 a stack structure 60 - here for a battery cell - can be removed.

[0029] Out of Figure 1A stacked arrangement of a first individual layer 12, a second individual layer 14 and a third individual layer 16 emerges. The first individual layer 12 is a foil- or sheet-shaped cathode, the second individual layer 14 is a foil- or sheet-shaped separator material, while the third individual layer 16 represents an anode of the electrode stack 10. As Figure 1 further shows, are located on the front side of the electrode stack 10 as shown in Figure 1 individual first contact lugs 18 of the first individual layers 12, ie the cathodes, as well as second contact lugs 20 of the third individual layers 16, the anodes, one above the other.

[0030] Figure 2shows an exploded view of a fuel cell stack 22 consisting of a plurality of essentially sheet- or layer-shaped individual elements. The fuel cell stack 22 comprises, among other things, at least one current collector 24, at least one bipolar plate 26, at least one membrane electrode assembly 28, a number of seals, and a clamping plate in each end region, via which the entire layer-shaped individual layers can be joined together to form a fuel cell stack.

[0031] In the figure sequence of the Figures 3, 3.1 and 3.2 A cutting operation-free separation process of individual layers is shown.

[0032] In one in the Figures 6.1 to 6.3In the web-like material shown in Figures 7.1 to 7.3, perforations 32 are produced in a first perforation direction 34 in a perforation process. Furthermore, the perforations 32 can also run in a second perforation direction 36 in addition to the first perforation direction 34. The perforations 32 define an outer contour 46 of the individual layer 12 or 16. The perforations 32 comprise a perforation cut 38, see illustration according to Figure 3.1 and a perforation bar 40, which represents a predetermined breaking point. Figure 3.1 shows an enlarged area of ​​the perforation 32 between two first individual layers 12 and third individual layers 16 still connected by the perforation 32. As Figure 3.1As shown, the perforation 32 creates a sequence of perforation cuts 38 and perforation ridges 40 that extend in the first perforation direction 34. A ridge width 42 of the perforation ridges 40 is on the order of approximately 100 µm for a copper foil whose thickness is approximately 20 µm. The ridge width 42 is highly dependent on the material. The ridge width 42 and the number of perforation ridges 40 determine how easily an individual layer can be removed from the solid material. It should be selected so that handling and transport are possible without damage, but removal requires a reasonably low force.

[0033] Would be in the representation according to Figure 3.2 for example as in Figure 3If, as shown, a tensile force introduction 57 were to occur in the individual layers 12 and 16 connected to each other via the perforation 32, this would result in a tearing off of the perforation web 40 and the formation of web remnants 44, which are located on one side of the first individual layer 12 and on the other side of the first individual layer 12 opposite this. Figure 3.2 As can be seen, one of the web remnants 44 extends with a projection 48 over the outer contour 46.

[0034] The figure sequence of the Figures 4.1 to 4.6 shows an optimized perforation process.

[0035] Like the sequence of figures in the Figures 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 can be removed, is in the web-shaped material 74, 76, 78 (compare illustration according to the Figures 6.1 to 6.3 and 7.1 to 7.2 ) in the area of ​​the perforation bars 40, a material weakening is carried out. This material weakening is, for example, as in Figure 43shown - in a locally reduced material thickness 54. Compared to the original material thickness 59, the locally reduced material thickness 54 is, for example, half the original material thickness 59. Compared to a conventionally designed straight perforation line, the perforation web 40 is offset by an offset 58 behind the outer contour 46 of the first individual layer 12 or the third individual layer 16. When tensile force 57 is applied, a material residue 53 is pulled off, whereby a web residue 44 remains in the area of ​​the tear-off edge 50 within the outer contour 46, ie does not protrude beyond the outer contour 46 of the processed first individual layer 12 or third individual layer 16 in the stacked state.Since the perforation 32 runs in the area of ​​the tear-off edge 50 which is formed later and the material there is present in a locally reduced material thickness 54, the web remnant 44 forms in the waste material 43, while the opposite web remnant 44 remains within the outer contour 46 of the first individual layer 12 or the third individual layer 16. . Figure 4 It can be seen that the material residue 53 comprises a larger portion of the web residue 44 and remains behind the outer contour 46 of the first individual layer 12 or the third individual layer 16. The web residue 44 does not protrude beyond the outer contour 46. In addition to a Figures 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 In addition to the locally reduced material thickness 54 described above, a pre-embossing 56 can also be formed in the raw material of the first and second individual layers 12 and 16, respectively - which are mentioned here as examples. This pre-embossing also represents - compare illustration according to Figure 4.6- a weakening of the raw material. The pre-embossing 56 can, for example, be designed such that it defines the position of the later tear-off edge 50. Due to the pre-embossing 56 of the perforation web 40, which represents the later predetermined breaking point, it can also be achieved that a larger web remnant 44 of the perforation web 40 remains in the material remnant 53, whereas due to the pre-embossing 56, due to the reduced stretching of the material and the formation of a plastic deformation in the region of the perforation web 40 during the tear-off process, a much smaller part of the web remnant 44 remains in the first individual layer 12 or the second individual layer 14, specifically within the outer contour of the outer contour 46 predetermined by the perforation 32. Figure 4.6 Such a pre-embossing 56 can be seen schematically in the raw material from which the first individual layer 12 or the third individual layer 16 are manufactured.

[0036] Out of Figure 4.6 It can be seen that the pre-embossing 56 has a semi-cylindrical appearance. Of course, the pre-embossing 56 can also be formed by other geometries in the starting material, for example a web-shaped material 74, 76, 78, compare illustrations of the Figures 6.1 to 6.3 or 7.1 to 7.3 be executed.

[0037] According to the illustration Figure 5 A stack structure 60 can be seen schematically, at the stack edge 72 of which there are different projections. In the stack structure 60 according to the schematic representation in Figure 5A first individual layer 12, a second individual layer 14, and a third individual layer 16 are stacked one above the other in an alternating sequence. The individual layers 12, 14, 16 differ in their composition, i.e., the individual layers 12, 14, 16 are of different sizes and / or are made of different materials and have different outer contours. This makes it impossible to first stack the individual layers 12, 14, 16 and then create an outer contour of the stack by means of a cutting operation.

[0038] Such a stack structure 60 requires that the individual layers 12, 14, 16 are first separated from a web material and a sheet material, then the excess material is removed, then the individual elements are separated and then stacked on top of each other using a suitable stacking method. Such a procedure is shown in the illustration according to Figures 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3shown. According to this sequence of figures, the individual layers 12, 14, 16 are made of web-like material, ie the first web material 74 for the first individual layer 12, the second web material 76 for the second individual layer 14 and the third web material 78 for the third individual layer 16. Although the individual outer contours 46 of the individual layers 12 to 14 can be produced by perforation, their handling, compare illustration according to Figure 6.2, i.e., performing a separation process 88, a subsequent stacking process 90 is challenging due to the different geometries with regard to the outer contours 46 of the individual layers 12, 14, 16. Depending on the properties of the individual layers 12, 14, 16 in terms of thickness, flexibility, adhesiveness, electrostatic charge, and porosity, automated handling is challenging or even impossible. The materials can bend, fold, or adhere to one another due to self-adhesiveness or electrostatics; furthermore, the materials are too unstable to be handled in a defined manner as individual layers 12, 14, 16. Furthermore, the materials are too sensitive to be touched in the functional area.

[0039] In contrast to the sequence of figures in the Figures 6.1 to 6.3 is in the figure sequence of the Figures 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3The method proposed by the invention is presented in more detail. Here, too, individual layers 12, 14, 16 are produced by perforating 32 a corresponding outer contour 46 in the first web material 74 for the first individual layer 12, in the second web material 76 for the second individual layer 14, and in the third web material 78 for the third individual layer 16. The perforation 32 creates temporary support structures 52 between the individual layers 12, 14, 16.

[0040] After the perforation process of the first web material 74 for the first individual layer 12, the second web material 76 for the second individual layer 14 and the third web material 78 for the third individual layer 16, a separation process 88 takes place.

[0041] By means of the separating process 88, individual web pieces 94 or sheets 96 are formed from the first web material 74 for the first individual layer 12, the second web material 76 for the second individual layer 14 and the third web material 78 for the third individual layer 16. Figure 7.2 It can be seen that the web pieces 94 or sheets 96 formed by the separation process 88 each comprise a number of first individual layers 12, second individual layers 14 or third individual layers 16, which are connected to one another by perforation webs 40, which represent the predetermined breaking points, and furthermore temporary support structures 52 are formed, which in comparison to the representation according to Figure 6.2 allow for better handling of the individual copies of the individual layers 12, 14, 16 during subsequent handling processes. In particular, due to the formation of temporary support structures 52 on the web pieces 94 or the sheets 96, an improved stacking process 90 can be carried out.

[0042] Since the temporary support structures 52 are located predominantly in the longitudinal edge region of the web pieces 94 or the sheets 96, their removal is easily possible by simply tearing them off laterally at the perforation webs 44, which represent the predetermined breaking points, of the perforation 32. Figures 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3 show that the required separation of individual layers 12, 14, 16 from the web material 74, 76, 78 is replaced by a perforation process forming the perforation 32, and the separation of the temporary support structures 52 created by perforation 32 is postponed to the latest possible point in the manufacturing process chain.

[0043] The separation of the temporary support structures 52 takes place after the end of the stacking process 90, ie between the transition in time from Figure 7.2 on Figure 7.3. By removing the temporary support structures 52 as late as possible, in this case by tearing them off laterally, the handling of the individual layers 12, 14, 16 is considerably simplified, as these are still connected, until complete separation, i.e. until the removal of the temporary support structures 52. The complete separation of the individual copies of the individual layers 12, 14, 16 from the web pieces 94 or the sheets 96 is carried out either by tearing off the superfluous material, i.e. the temporary support structure 52, or by pulling two elements apart in the event that there is no superfluous material, see illustration of the Figures 4.1, 4.2 , 4.3 to 4.6 .

[0044] Since the perforation 32 does not represent a complete cutting through of the raw materials, this is done more quickly and with a more cost-effective technology compared to a complete cutting through of the raw material. The perforation 32 makes it possible to attach temporary support structures 52 to the individual copies of individual layers 12, 14, 16 of a stack structure 60. These make it possible, for example, to protect delicate structures such as the contact tabs 18 and 20 mentioned above on the individual layers 12, 16 and thus prevent damage during handling or the stacking process 90. Thanks to the perforation 32, the temporary support structures 52 are simply removed after the stacking process 90 has been completed, without the need for a cutting operation or a cutting device in the process chain.

[0045] Figure 8shows an "advantageous handling of a bipolar plate"

[0046] Figure 8 shows that a web material 110, from which, for example, bipolar plates 26 are manufactured, is transported in a transport direction. The web material 110 has, for example, a thickness between 0.1 and 1 mm for bipolar plates 26, and a thickness including carrier foils between 0.1 mm and 5 mm for MEs. Seals have a thickness of up to 3 mm.

[0047] How Figure 8 As can be seen, individual functional structures 124, which in the present case form the bipolar plate 26, are formed in the web material 110. The individual functional structures 124 are connected to the web material 110 by fixing webs 118, i.e., perforation webs 40. Individual segments of the web material 110 are, in turn, connected to one another by bending webs 120 and form the web material 110, which is continuously conveyed in the feed direction.

[0048] Web perforations 122 are formed on the fixing webs 118 and the bending webs 120, which represent predetermined breaking points at which the functional structure 124 is separated from the web material 110. Compared to the handling of film- or sheet-like material for the formation of the first individual layers 12, the second individual layers 14, the third individual layers 16 as cathode, separator or anode of an electrode stack 10, the web material 110 from which the functional structure 124 for bipolar plates 26 is produced has a greater material thickness. Figure 8 In the application example shown, the edge of the web material 110 acts as a temporary support structure 52. Since the perforation 32 can be formed to varying degrees in the area of ​​the fixing webs 118 or the bending webs 120, a clean bending can be achieved during the processing of the web material 110.

[0049] The invention is not limited to the embodiments described here and the aspects highlighted therein. Rather, numerous modifications are possible within the scope of the claims, which are within the scope of one skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Method for producing a stack construction (60) of a battery cell or of a fuel cell comprising film- or sheet-like individual layers (12, 14, 16), wherein at least the following method steps are performed: a) producing individual layers (12, 14, 16) with an outer contour (46) by perforation (32) in at least one perforation direction (34, 36) in a web-like material (74, 76, 78) for in each case one of the individual layers (12, 14, 16), b1) making the perforation (32) in such a way that tear-off edges (50), which serve as predetermined breaking points, of perforation webs (40) are situated within the outer contour (46), b2) making the perforation (32) in such a way that temporary supporting structures (52) are formed between individual layers (12, 14, 16) in the respective web-like material (74, 76, 78) by the perforation, c1) separating single, identical individual layers (12, 14, 16) from one another at the predetermined breaking points which are situated within the outer contour (46) of the individual layers (12, 14, 16) or c2) separating web pieces / sheets (94, 96) comprising a plurality of identical individual layers (12, 14, 16) which are connected to one another by way of temporary supporting structures (52), d) carrying out a stacking process (90) of web pieces / sheets (94, 96) and separating the temporary supporting structures (52) after the end of the stacking process (90) at the perforation (32).

2. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the web-like materials (74, 76, 78), in the region of tear-off edges (50) of the perforation webs (40), are provided with a prestamped portion (56) and / or are designed with a locally reduced material thickness (54).

3. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that that, when separating single, identical individual layers (12, 14, 16) from the respective web materials (74, 76, 78) in accordance with method step c1), web remnants (44) of the perforation webs (40) are situated within the outer contour (46) of the respective individual layer (12, 14, 16).

4. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single, identical individual layers (12, 14, 16) are pulled apart by tensile force introduction (57) in accordance with method step c1).

5. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the temporary supporting structures (52) surround contact tabs (18, 20) of the individual layers (12, 14, 16), and the contact tabs (18, 20) are protected against damage during handling or the stacking process (90).

6. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that a battery cell with an alternating sequence of first individual layers (12) as cathodes, second individual layers (14) as separators and third individual layers (16) as anodes is produced by means of the stack construction (60).

7. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that a fuel cell stack (22) with at least one bipolar plate (26), at least one membrane-electrode unit (28) and at least one seal (30) is produced by means of the stack construction (60).

8. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of the production of battery cells, the first web-like material (74) for the first individual layer (12) is a cathode material, the second web-like material (76) for the second individual layer (14) is a separator material, and the third web-like material (76) for the third individual layer (16) is an anode material.

9. Method for producing a stack construction (60) according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of the production of fuel cell stacks (22), the first web-like material (74) is a sealing material, the second web-like material (76) is a bipolar plate material, and the third web-like material (78) is a material for a membrane-electrode unit (28).

10. Use of the method according to any of Claims 1 to 9 for producing an electrode stack (10) for a battery cell or for producing a fuel cell stack (22) for a fuel cell.