Heating mat for surface heating, surface heating for heating a room in a building, and method for manufacturing a heating mat for surface heating

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a heating mat for a surface heating system, in particular for heating a room of a building, a surface heating system for heating a room of a building, and a method for manufacturing a heating mat for a surface heating system, in particular for heating a room of a building.

[0002] Heating systems for buildings are generally known from the state of the art. Typically, radiators are installed on a building wall, or pipes are laid as underfloor heating. Compared to wall-mounted radiators, underfloor heating has the advantage, for example, that it can be installed beneath the floor covering and is therefore out of sight. Furthermore, with underfloor heating, the entire room, or substantially the entire room, can be heated across its surface, whereas individual radiators on the wall concentrate the heat in a specific area.

[0003] With underfloor heating systems, it is also common to lay pipes in a meandering pattern within the floor. When the heating system is in operation, for example, tempered water flows through the pipes to transfer heat to the room. However, a disadvantage of such water-based underfloor heating systems is that the installation is complex and adapting them to specific room geometries, such as bay windows, requires intricate work steps. This involves, for example, selecting appropriately sized pipe sections and connecting them together in a fluid-tight manner.

[0004] As an alternative to hydronic underfloor heating systems, electric underfloor heating is also available. These systems are powered by electricity and generate heat, which is then used to heat the room. This typically involves laying cables within the room. However, during installation, it is often crucial that the installer lays the cables evenly, as otherwise, areas of concentrated heat output and areas of lower heat output can occur. Therefore, a high degree of skill and experience is required for the installer to arrange such cables in a room. This can increase the demands on the installer, especially in rooms with complex geometries. Consequently, the installation costs for such an underfloor heating system can be high.

[0005] Heating systems are also known from the documents DE 41 12 565 A1, DE 298 09 206 U1, DE 42 28 321 C1, EP 0 334 824 A2, DE 197 30 853 A1, EP 2 676 578 A1, WO 2000 / 62581 A1 and EP 2 034 246 A2.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the aforementioned disadvantages known from the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cost-effective surface heating system with easy installation and preferably improved functionality.

[0007] The foregoing problem is solved by a heating mat with the features of claim 1, a surface heating system with the features of claim 24, and a method for manufacturing a heating mat with the features of claim 25.

[0008] Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the heating mat according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the surface heating system and / or the method according to the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure regarding the individual aspects of the invention always refers to, or can refer to, each other.

[0009] According to the invention, the heating mat for a surface heating system, particularly for heating a room in a building, comprises a flexible base unit. The flexible base unit further comprises a first support element, which has a planar extension with a first base and a second base. The base unit also includes at least one electric heating element for emitting heat. The electric heating element is arranged on the first base of the first support element such that the base unit can be laid across a surface to create the surface heating system.

[0010] Preferably, the base unit and / or the heating mat can be designed in a plate-like form. In particular, the heating mat can advantageously have a base area of ​​less than 2 m x 2 m, preferably less than 1.5 m x 1.5 m or less than 1 m x 1 m, and most preferably less than 1.1 m x 0.8 m or less than 0.7 m x 0.7 m. Preferably, the heating mat can be embedded in a boundary element of a room. The surface heating system can, in particular, comprise underfloor heating for heating the room of the building. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the heating mat can be arranged partially or completely in a wall of the room in order to emit heat towards the wall. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the base unit has a square base area. This can improve handling and reduce susceptibility to creasing.

[0011] The base unit is preferably designed as a film-like, and in particular moisture-impermeable, composite. The term "flexible" for the base unit can be understood to mean that the base unit is at least partially bendable without impairing the functionality of the heating mat. The first support element preferably forms a base body on which the electric heating element is arranged. For the purposes of the present invention, the electric heating element being arranged on the first base surface of the first support element can be understood to mean that the heating element is arranged, preferably attached, directly or indirectly to the first support element. Thus, it is conceivable, for example, that further components of the heating mat are arranged between the first support element and the electric heating element, and that the electric heating element is only indirectly provided on the first base surface.The term 'on the first base side' thus refers in particular to the orientation with respect to the first support element. Preferably, however, the electric heating element can be arranged directly on a surface of the first base side of the first support element. In particular, the first support element can form a circuit board for the electric heating element and / or other components of the heating mat.

[0012] The fact that the base unit for the surface heating system can be laid across a surface can be understood, particularly within the meaning of the present invention, to mean that at least the first support element and the electric heating element form an assembly unit, which can be pre-assembled, in particular, before installation on the construction site. Thus, the first support element and the electric heating element can be laid together across a surface. "Large-area laying" can be understood, in particular, to mean that the base unit can be arranged on a building element of the building and / or the room, especially such that the surface area of ​​the first support element extends parallel or substantially parallel to the building element of the room and / or the building. Preferably, several heating mats can be laid side by side on the building element to form the surface heating system.

[0013] Preferably, the heating power of the electric heating medium can be up to 1 kW / m², preferably up to 300 W / m² or up to 500 W / m², and particularly preferably between 150 and 300 W / m² or 120 and 200 W / m². In particular, to promote the flexibility and ease of installation of the flexible base unit, the first support element can have a thickness of up to 2 mm, preferably up to 1 mm, and particularly preferably approximately 0.5 mm. The term 'approximately' can be understood, within the scope of the present invention, to mean a deviation within the usual tolerances. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the base unit comprises a first and a second support element, each of which preferably has a thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

[0014] Thus, the heating mat according to the invention allows at least part of a radiant heating system to be easily installed. The base unit can be laid across the surface as a mounting unit, with the first support element and the electric heating element being pre-assembled. This significantly simplifies the installation of the radiant heating system, as, for example, particularly advantageous heating element configurations can already be pre-defined along with the base unit, and the installer only needs to adapt the base unit to the specific conditions of the room or building. Furthermore, the heating mat can be prefabricated in a separate production environment, allowing it to be delivered to the building site as a complete unit. This results in shorter on-site installation times, thereby reducing the costs of the radiant heating system and its installation.In particular, the heating mat can be manufactured in series production.

[0015] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the electric heating medium is metallurgically bonded to the first support element. In particular, the electric heating medium can be printed directly or indirectly onto the first support element, preferably by screen printing. This can further simplify the mass production of the heating mat. The metallurgical bond between the electric heating medium and the first support element can be provided directly or indirectly. For this purpose, the electric heating medium can be directly bonded to the first support element, or intermediate components, in particular layers, can be provided which are also metallurgically bonded to the first support element.Furthermore, a high degree of strength can be achieved in the base unit through a material-bonded connection between the electric heating element and the support element, making it difficult to separate the electric heating element and the first support element even on the construction site. Applying pressure to the first support element allows for precise positioning of the electric heating element and precise control over its geometry. Screen printing offers a cost-effective method for incorporating conductive structures onto the first support element. In particular, the electric heating element can thus be made of a printable material. Additionally or alternatively, the electric heating element can be positively and / or force-fitted to the first support element.

[0016] In a heating mat according to the invention, it is further conceivable that the electric heating medium comprises at least one resistance element extending across the first base of the first support element. Preferably, the resistance element can be designed as a planar element, particularly preferably as a plate. The heating power of the electric heating medium can thus be provided by the resistance element, whereby the heating power can vary depending on the electrical resistance of the resistance element. Furthermore, a planar, preferably plate-like, design of the resistance element allows for a constant heating power to be achieved over a large area of ​​the heating mat, while simultaneously keeping the thickness of the resistance element, i.e., in particular its extent in the direction perpendicular to the first base of the first support element, to a minimum.This, in turn, facilitates the placement of the heating mat, for example, within the floor of a room, so that the floor height can be minimal or nonexistent due to the heating mat. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous that the electric heating element can be positioned directly on the first support element. This significantly simplifies the manufacturing process of the heating mat.

[0017] In a heating mat according to the invention, it is further conceivable that the resistance element comprises a cured carbon paste. Preferably, the carbon paste can contain carbon and / or a filler. The ratio of carbon to filler can preferably be between 25 and 75 wt.% of the carbon paste. The carbon paste can, in particular, contain ground carbon in powder form. The carbon paste can be easily printed onto the first support element, so that a metallurgical bond, for example between the electric heating element and the first support element, can be easily established. Such a carbon paste is also particularly suitable for screen printing and for adhesion to plastics. Thus, the first support element can be made of an economical material, and at the same time, a metallurgical bond with the resistance element can be facilitated.The filler can be used to adjust the heating power of the carbon paste or resistance element. In particular, during the manufacturing process of the carbon paste, the heating power of the carbon can vary, for example, depending on the supplier or the carbon production method. To still achieve a specified heating power within a given tolerance, the filler can be added to decrease or increase the conductivity of the carbon paste.

[0018] Advantageously, in a heating mat according to the invention, the base unit can be bendable, particularly wherein an achievable bending angle of the base unit is greater than or equal to 10°, preferably greater than or equal to 45°, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 90°. The achievable bending angle can be understood, in particular, as a permissible bending angle that does not destroy or significantly impair the function of the heating mat. It can be provided that the base unit has a bending radius when bent. In particular, an achievable bending angle is thus to be distinguished from buckling of the base unit. Due to the high flexibility of the base unit and its bendability, easy assembly and high robustness of the heating mat during transport and assembly can be ensured. For example, it may not be necessary to carry the heating mat with special care by several people.In particular, for example, a stack of heating mats can be delivered to the construction site and a heating mat can be taken from the stack by a person.

[0019] The invention further provides that the heating mat forms a heating module which can be connected to other heating modules to create the surface heating system. A heating module can thus be understood as an assembly unit which, together with other assembly units, forms the surface heating system. Therefore, the heating mat can be just one part of the surface heating system, whereas several heating mats, particularly in combination with other components, can form the entire system. For example, it is conceivable that each heating module has a manually adjustable size and can thus be handled conveniently on the construction site. Depending on the geometry of the room, the design as a heating module also offers the advantage that the surface heating can be adjusted to the size of the room by varying the number of heating modules installed.

[0020] The invention further provides for a detection means for an event, wherein the base unit includes the detection means. The event comprises a person's activity. Thus, in addition to the heating functionality of the heating mat, the functionality of the heating mat can be extended to simultaneously provide a sensor function by which the event can be detected. For example, it is conceivable that the detection of a person provides a monitoring functionality for the heating mat, which determines whether a person is in the room and / or is moving in the room, particularly in a specific manner.

[0021] Thus, the heating mat can be used, for example, to monitor whether a room is entered by a person, such as when the resident is on vacation. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the heating mat could be used in a healthcare setting, such as a nursing home, to detect whether a resident is moving and, if necessary, to initiate countermeasures if the resident remains motionless for an extended period.

[0022] Within the scope of the invention, it can further be provided that the detection means is arranged on the second base side of the first and / or second support element such that the base unit can be laid across the entire surface to form an area sensor. Thus, in addition to the surface heating, an area sensor can also be provided by the heating mat and configured together when the base unit is laid. This allows, for example, the room to be monitored over a larger area, in particular over the entire surface, for event detection. In particular, the heating mat can also form a sensor module which, together with other sensor modules, constitutes the area sensor. The arrangement of the detection means on the second base side can also be provided directly or indirectly on the first and / or second support element.In particular, the detection element can thus be laid flat together with the electric heating element and the first and / or second support element. This allows the detection element to offer the same advantages already explained regarding the electric heating element and the base unit in terms of easy installation, while simultaneously ensuring increased functionality of the heating mat.

[0023] Preferably, in a heating mat according to the invention, the base unit may have a second support element on which the detection element is arranged, particularly wherein the heating element and / or the detection element is arranged between the first and the second support element. This allows the heating element and the detection element to be arranged independently and / or separately from one another. By arranging the heating element and / or the detection element between the first and second support elements, the heating element and / or the detection element is at least partially protected by the first and second support elements. Thus, the support elements can each provide a base onto which the heating element and the detection element can be applied, preferably printed. Furthermore, this simultaneously ensures protection against environmental influences.Preferably, the detection means is arranged on a second base side of the second support element, wherein the second base side of the second support element and the first base side of the first support element face each other. This allows the heating element and the detection means to be arranged between the first and second support elements.

[0024] Within the scope of the invention, it can further be provided that an intermediate element is arranged between the first and second support elements, by which the first support element is at least partially, preferably completely, separated from the second support element. The intermediate element allows the heating medium and the detection element to be electrically isolated and / or spatially separated from each other. Furthermore, disturbances between the heating medium and the detection element can be reduced or avoided. In particular, the accuracy of the event detection by the detection element can be improved if the heating medium is separated from the detection element. Preferably, the intermediate element is designed as a sound-absorbing layer. This allows the intermediate element to perform several functions. Firstly, impact noise can be dampened by the intermediate element.On the other hand, the distance between the heating element and the sensing element can be achieved by the intermediate element. Preferably, an adhesive layer can be arranged between the intermediate element and the first support element and / or between the intermediate element and the second support element. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the intermediate element is designed as an insulating layer for thermal insulation.

[0025] It is also conceivable that, in a heating mat according to the invention, the detection element is materially bonded to the first and / or second support element, particularly if the detection element is printed onto the first and / or second support element, preferably by screen printing. Thus, even with the detection element present, mass production of the heating mat with increased functionality can be facilitated. At the same time, a materially bonded connection between the first and / or second support element and the detection element offers a simple way to ensure a secure connection. Alternatively to printing, the detection element can also be welded, glued, or similarly bonded to the first and / or second support element to create a materially bonded connection.In addition to or as an alternative to a material-bonded connection, it is also conceivable that the detection device is attached to the first and / or second support element by means of a form-fit and / or force-fit connection, whereby, for example, a wire of the detection device may be woven with the first and / or second support element or the detection device may be riveted to the first and / or second support element.

[0026] Advantageously, a heating mat according to the invention can be provided with a detection means comprising at least two, preferably four, sensor elements, each with a detection area. In particular, the detection areas can differ, at least partially. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the detection means comprises further sensor elements with additional detection areas. The at least multiple detection areas make it possible to increase the accuracy of event detection and / or the range of possible detectable events. For example, it is conceivable that the event detects a change in the detection areas over time, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the movement of a person. It is also conceivable that a person moves across the heating mat in a specific direction, which can be detected by the detection areas when the person leaves one detection area and enters another.Additionally or alternatively, the detection zones can be used to mutually validate the event detection signal in order to reduce measurement errors. Furthermore, it is conceivable, for example, that the event is detected in each of the detection zones, thus allowing conclusions to be drawn about its actual presence. Moreover, the at least two sensor elements ensure that the heating mat can be cut to size, for example, to adapt to the geometry of a room, without completely losing the functionality of the detection device. It can be designed so that one of the sensor elements continues to function even if another sensor element is detached from the heating mat, for example, to cover a corner or boundary of a room.Four sensor elements have proven particularly advantageous, as they can be easily connected to a central evaluation unit. Furthermore, dividing the heating mat into four sensor elements improves its handling in terms of size and ease of cutting. The sensor elements preferably have a base area of ​​200 mm x 200 mm or more, preferably 300 mm x 300 mm or more.

[0027] Within the scope of the invention, the detection device further comprises at least one electrode for capacitive detection of the event. Thus, the detection device can form at least a portion of a capacitance, in particular a portion of a plate capacitor. The electrode can interact with a part of a person's body, with the body part acting as the counter electrode for generating the capacitance. A change in capacitance can therefore indicate movement of the person. Capacitive detection of the event makes it possible to perform detection in a simple manner, for example, through a floor covering in the case of underfloor heating. Detection can thus be based on an electric field, which can, in particular, penetrate at least one structural element of the building.In particular, it is also conceivable that, for the intended use of the heating mat, the electric heating element for the surface heating can be arranged on the floor side and the detection element above the electric heating element. Preferably, the electric heating element can transfer the heat through or around the detection element, so that both functionalities of the heating mat can advantageously be ensured even in a multi-layered system. Furthermore, capacitive detection can provide a low-energy method for monitoring at least part of the room. Each sensor element is assigned at least one electrode.

[0028] In a heating mat according to the invention, the detection element can further be provided with at least two electrodes, which together generate an electric field, particularly for the capacitive detection of the event. Thus, it is not necessary, for example, for the body part of a person to be detected to form part of the capacitance. Rather, an electric field can be generated, particularly by the sensor elements themselves, whereby the presence of a person in the electric field can cause a change in the electric field. This can further increase the accuracy of the detection element. Furthermore, this can make the detection element less sensitive to interference from other building components, such as a functional surface and / or a visible surface of the room and / or a floor.In particular, each sensor element can be assigned at least two electrodes.

[0029] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the sensing device includes an electrode designed as a shielding electrode to limit an electric field. In particular, one of the two electrodes that jointly generate the electric field can be designed as a shielding electrode. The shielding electrode can shield the electric field from the outside, allowing it to propagate at least substantially within the boundaries of the shielding electrode and / or protect it at least substantially from external influences. This can improve the accuracy of the measurement, particularly capacitive measurement, provided by the sensing device. Preferably, the shielding electrode can be formed at an edge of the sensing device and / or around several electrodes, especially around each of the sensor elements, at least substantially, and in particular completely, circumferentially.This allows for advantageous shielding of the detection device and / or each of the detection areas.

[0030] In a heating mat according to the invention, the first and / or second support element may further be made of a plastic, preferably a thermoplastic, particularly preferably a polyester. As previously described, a plastic offers a simple and cost-effective way to provide a material-bonded connection with the resistance element of the electric heating medium. In particular, the first and / or second support element may be made of or comprise a polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Thus, the first and / or second support element can, for example, be easily manufactured in the form of a film.This, in turn, can have a positive impact on simplified mass production, as the first and / or second support element can be manufactured as a strip material and cut to size depending on the dimensions of the heating mat. Furthermore, plastic offers good resistance to environmental conditions, particularly corrosion. Therefore, by using plastic for the first and / or second support element, chemical resistance of the first and / or second support element, and thus at least partial resistance of the base unit, to building materials, such as the room's floor, can be achieved. In particular, the first and second support elements can be made of the same material.

[0031] Within the scope of the invention, a temperature sensor for calibrating the electric heating element can further be provided. Preferably, the temperature sensor can be arranged on or next to the base unit. For example, the temperature sensor can calibrate the electric heating element when the heating mat is put into operation, whereby the heating power can be adjusted to the ambient conditions. In particular, a reference temperature can thus be set, which the electric heating element should reach in order to achieve a specific room temperature corresponding to the reference temperature. Furthermore, the temperature sensor can also be used during operation of the heating mat to adjust the electric heating element. For example, depending on the current temperature, the electric heating element can be supplied with more or less power. The temperature sensor can preferably comprise a thermocouple or an NTC resistor.Thus, the temperature sensor can be small to minimize the space required for the heating mat. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the temperature sensor is housed in a flush-mounted device, which could also contain, for example, a control unit. This allows for a central temperature sensor for the surface heating system, with the temperature sensor being designed for the heating mat and preferably for additional heating mats. Preferably, the temperature sensor can be part of a decentralized evaluation unit for the heating mat.

[0032] In a heating mat according to the invention, it is further conceivable that a sound-absorbing layer is arranged on the base unit, particularly on the first and / or second base side of the first and / or second support element. The sound-absorbing layer can serve, in particular, to dampen impact noise. If a detection element is present, sound bridges of the sensor elements can be reduced or avoided by the sound-absorbing layer. Impact noise can be understood as noise that can be generated by the movement of a person on a floor. This noise can be dampened, in particular, by the sound-absorbing layer. The sound-absorbing layer can comprise a fiberboard, a foam, and / or a fleece. Thus, the heating mat can simultaneously ensure a functionality of the floor by decoupling at least a portion of the floor with respect to sound.This can have a positive effect on a person's perception of impact sound on the floor. Preferably, the sound-absorbing layer can be arranged on the base unit, in particular directly on the base unit.

[0033] Within the scope of the invention, it can further be provided that a sealing layer is arranged on the base unit, particularly on the first base side of the first support element and / or on the second support element. Preferably, the sealing layer can comprise at least one fiber layer. Preferably, the sealing layer can extend over the entire or substantially the entire base unit. "Substantially" can be understood to mean that only some edge areas are free of the sealing layer in order to ensure a connection, for example, with other heating mats. The sealing layer preferably serves to prevent or at least reduce the amount of moisture from the room reaching the base unit, in order to protect the electrical components of the base unit from moisture and / or potential corrosion.This can be particularly advantageous if, for example, the heating mat is to be installed in a damp room, such as a bathroom. The sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer can also be prefabricated on the base unit and delivered to the construction site together with the base unit. This eliminates further assembly work on site and / or facilitates series production, especially off-site.

[0034] Preferably, the sealing layer of a heating mat according to the invention can comprise a nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric can be inexpensive to manufacture and simultaneously exhibit high sealing functionality with good compatibility with other surrounding materials. In particular, the nonwoven fabric can also simultaneously dampen impact sound, so that further advantages can arise when the heating mat is used in an underfloor heating system. Furthermore, the nonwoven fabric can be easily processed both on and off-site.

[0035] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer is attached to the base unit by means of an adhesive layer. Preferably, both the sealing layer and the sound-absorbing layer can each be attached to the base unit by means of an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer can, in particular, comprise a double-sided adhesive tape. The adhesive layer allows for simple attachment of the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer to the base unit, thereby facilitating mass production. In particular, in combination with a double-sided adhesive tape, this results in a simple mounting option for the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer on the base unit.At the same time, the adhesive layer can, for example in an edge area, make it possible to easily connect two adjacent heating mats when designing the surface heating system, without the need for any additional aids.

[0036] In a heating mat according to the invention, it is further conceivable that the electric heating element is at least partially covered by a first electrically insulating protective layer and / or the detection element is at least partially covered by a second electrically insulating protective layer. In particular, the first and / or second electrically insulating protective layer can be part of the base unit. Thus, simple serial production of the base unit is particularly possible if, for example, the electric heating element and / or the detection element is printed onto the first carrier element and subsequently coated with an electrically insulating protective layer. The first and / or second electrically insulating protective layer can preferably comprise a polymer, in particular a photoresist.In particular, the first and / or second electrically insulating protective layer can be printed onto the first support element and / or the heating element and / or the detection element to provide protection. Using a photoresist for the first and / or second electrically insulating protective layer can simplify the manufacturing of the heating mat, for example, by applying the photoresist in liquid form and curing it through exposure, especially to ultraviolet light. In particular, the photoresist can thus be a negative-type photoresist.

[0037] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the base unit has at least one electrical connection, in particular for connection to a power source and / or a control unit. Preferably, the electrical connection can include a connecting means for reversibly connecting the electric heating element and / or the sensing element to the power source and / or the control unit. The electrical connection can provide a simple interface through which the heating mat can be connected to a power source and / or a control unit. The connection to the power source and / or the control unit can be provided indirectly, for example, by allowing additional heating mats to be connected in between. For improved electrical contact, the connecting means can preferably be bonded to the base unit by means of an electrically conductive adhesive.The reversible connection of the electric heating element to the power source and / or control unit can further simplify the installation of the heating mat for the surface heating system. For example, the electrical connection can feature a push button and / or a loop to ensure the reversible connection of the electric heating element to the power source and / or control unit. In particular, the reversible connection allows for easy, and especially non-destructive, disconnection in case of incorrect installation, which can further simplify the overall installation of the surface heating system. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the connecting element has an electrical contact, particularly an exposed one, on the base unit.

[0038] Furthermore, a heating mat according to the invention may be provided with an electrical connection interface for connecting the electrical heating element and / or the sensing element to a connection unit for connecting the connection interface to a mating connection interface, in particular wherein the connection interface comprises at least one alignment means by which misalignment of the connection unit can be prevented. The alignment means may include openings and / or projections that correspond to a positioning aid of the connection unit. The connection unit may, in particular, be provided as an additional assembly that is added only during the installation of the surface heating system. The connection unit can provide a simple, on-site-friendly connection option. Preferably, several, and more preferably three, openings may be provided.By appropriately arranging the alignment device, either only one correct position or one correct and one obviously or conspicuously incorrect position of the connecting unit at the connection interface is possible. The connection interface can advantageously be designed to be connected to the connecting unit by force-fit, material-fit, and / or form-fit. In particular, the connection interface can be designed for a magnetic connection with the connecting unit. For this purpose, the connection interface can incorporate a magnet or a magnetizable material. This allows for a particularly simple and, in particular, construction-site-friendly connection option.

[0039] Furthermore, the invention may provide that the connection interface comprises a recess in the base unit for receiving the connection unit, in particular wherein the recess is at least partially bounded by the first and / or second support element. The recess may, in particular, comprise a cutout from the intermediate element and the first and / or second support element. This provides a simple receptacle for the connection unit. In recesses where no connection unit is to be attached, a blanking piece may be provided to protect the connection interface. If the recess is bounded by the second, preferably the first, support element, a connecting element in the form of an electrical contact may be provided on the first and / or second support element, so that the connection unit can be easily brought into electrical contact with the heating mat.Furthermore, it is conceivable that the first and / or second support element is magnetically clamped in the connecting unit. This can improve electrical contact and fix the connecting unit to the heating mat.

[0040] Within the scope of the invention, it can further be provided that the electrical connection comprises a heating connection, which is connected to the electric heating element, and / or a data connection, which is connected to the sensing element. Preferably, the electrical connection can comprise a heating connection and a data connection. However, it is also conceivable that the heating connection and the data connection are spatially separated, in particular arranged on different sides of the heating mat. The heating connection can be used to supply energy to the electric heating element. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the electric heating element can also be controlled via the heating connection. The control can be provided, for example, by switching a current on or off at the electric heating element. The data connection can further enable the sensing element to communicate with the control unit.In particular, the data connection can also ensure that the detection device is supplied with power. Thus, a voltage can be applied to the heating connection and / or the data connection. Specifically, the heating connection and the data connection can be shared at the electrical connection point, allowing for simple and intuitive connection of the heating mat to other heating mats and / or to a control unit and / or a power source, while the installer can concentrate on the electrical connection. This can simplify installation, particularly by reducing the error rate when connecting the heating mat.

[0041] In a heating mat according to the invention, it is further conceivable that the electrical connection is arranged in an edge region of the base unit, in particular wherein the electric heating element is connected to the electrical connection by at least one conductor track and / or wherein the electric heating element is arranged in a central region of the first support element. By arranging the electrical connection in the edge region of the base unit, a simple connection of the base unit and / or the heating mat can thus be enabled without impairing the functionality of the heating element and / or the detection element. A connection between the heating element and the electrical connection can be formed in a simple manner via the conductor track. Furthermore, by arranging the electric heating element in the central region of the first support element, the latter can be designed for area-wide heating functionality.Overlapping multiple resistance elements is unnecessary when arranging several heating mats side by side if the electrical connection and the electrical heating medium are spatially separated. Preferably, at least two conductor tracks can be provided, in particular through which different electrical potentials can be applied to the resistance element.

[0042] Within the scope of the invention, it can further be provided that the electric heating element comprises a heating conductor through which the resistance element is connected to the conductor track. In particular, the heating conductor can be arranged directly on the first support element. The heating conductor can preferably be made of a different material than the resistance element. Advantageously, the heating conductor can be made of a precious metal, preferably silver. This allows the heating conductor to have a lower resistance than the resistance element, so that the losses due to electrical resistance can be kept low by contacting or electrically connecting the electric heating element to the conductor track, and thus the resistance element accounts for the majority of the heat generation and energy absorption.To achieve a particularly simple design, the heating element can, for example, be arranged directly on the first support element, and the resistance element directly on the heating element. This allows for a material-bonded connection between the heating element and the first support element and / or the resistance element. As a result, the heating mat can have a very low overall thickness, while simultaneously keeping the design simple.

[0043] Advantageously, in a heating mat according to the invention, the conductive track can be bonded to the first support element by means of a material bond. In particular, the conductive track can be printed onto the first support element. Specifically, the conductive track can be applied to the first support element by screen printing. This ensures a secure connection between the conductive track and the first support element, while simultaneously simplifying the mass production of the heating mat.

[0044] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the conductor track, particularly in the edge region of the base unit, is arranged circumferentially on the first support element. This allows the heating mat to be easily adapted to spatial geometries by cutting, without, for example, completely destroying the functionality of the heating element. Thus, for instance, individual resistance elements can be cut off while other resistance elements remain functional, since these can preferably be connected to the conductor track via several heating elements or connected to the circumferential conductor track at multiple points.

[0045] Advantageously, in a heating mat according to the invention, several sensor elements of the detection means are arranged in a regular distribution pattern, particularly on the second base side of the first support element and / or on the second support element. This can result in an advantageous monitoring functionality of the detection means, whereby, firstly, the assignment of the individual sensor elements in space can be simplified if the distribution pattern is regular, and secondly, cutting the heating mat to size can also be facilitated. Furthermore, several sensor elements can form overlapping or adjacent detection areas, which can be used for validation during event detection.Thus, by laying a single heating mat, several sensor elements can be installed simultaneously, simplifying and, in particular, speeding up the overall installation of the surface heating system. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that several resistance elements of the electric heating medium are arranged in a regular distribution pattern, especially on the first base side of the first support element and / or on the second support element. This arrangement of resistance elements can facilitate cutting the heating mat to size and / or enable uniform heat distribution across the surface of the heating mat.

[0046] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the sensing device is connected to at least one decentralized evaluation unit, in particular for processing sensor data from the sensing device. Preferably, the decentralized evaluation unit is electrically and / or mechanically connected to a data line of the base unit by means of electrically conductive adhesive. The decentralized evaluation unit can thus be part of the heating mat and preferably pre-mounted on the base unit. The decentralized evaluation unit makes it possible to tap the sensor data close to the sensor elements, so that no or only minimal losses occur during the transmission of the sensor data. Particularly in the case of capacitive sensing, this can have a positive effect on the accuracy and / or reliability of the sensing device. The decentralized evaluation unit can preferably include an analog-to-digital converter, in particular on a circuit board.For example, the decentralized evaluation unit can convert analog sensor signals into digital signals and forward them to a central control unit. This allows for a smaller required installation space for the evaluation unit while simultaneously providing increased accuracy and / or reliability. In particular, each sensor element of the detection device can be connected to its own decentralized evaluation unit. This allows the sensor signal to be tapped and at least partially processed, especially in the immediate vicinity of the sensor elements, thus minimizing transmission losses. Additionally or alternatively, the decentralized evaluation unit can be connected to each sensor element of the heating mat. Therefore, one decentralized evaluation unit per heating mat may be sufficient to process the sensor data from all sensor elements of the heating mat.This offers the advantage that the cables for the sensor data, particularly the analog data, can be kept short up to the decentralized unit, and at the same time, only one decentralized evaluation unit is used per heating mat. The decentralized evaluation unit preferably comprises a circuit board, a processor, especially a microprocessor, and / or other electronic components. Preferably, the decentralized evaluation unit can be encapsulated with a potting compound, which in particular contains or consists of a synthetic resin. This protects the electrical components of the decentralized evaluation unit.

[0047] In a heating mat according to the invention, it is further conceivable that the sensing means and / or the decentralized evaluation unit can be connected to a central control unit. In particular, each decentralized evaluation unit can be connected to the central control unit. This allows data to be transferred from the decentralized evaluation unit to the central control unit in a simple manner, whereby, as described above, the decentralized evaluation unit can be of a simple design, while, for example, complex calculations can be performed by the central control unit. This allows, for example, the computing capacity to be concentrated in the central control unit. Preferably, the central control unit is part of a control unit that can also, for example, control the electric heating element.

[0048] Advantageously, in a heating mat according to the invention, the central evaluation unit can be arranged on the first or second base side of the first support element on the base unit. Preferably, the decentralized evaluation unit can be at least partially embedded in the sound-absorbing layer. Thus, the sound-absorbing layer can simultaneously provide protection for the evaluation unit, preferably such that, when the heating mat is subjected to stress in the area of ​​the decentralized evaluation unit, the sound-absorbing layer can yield somewhat, so that the stress does not act entirely on the decentralized evaluation unit. Furthermore, embedding the decentralized evaluation unit in the sound-absorbing layer ensures that the installation space for the design of the heating mat is used effectively, so that the thickness of the heating mat can be limited.

[0049] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the base unit has at least one data line which is in communication connection with the sensing device and / or with the decentralized evaluation unit. The data line can, in particular, be provided separately from the conductor track and enable a connection between the sensing device and the data port. This allows for a simple connection through which data from the sensing device can be transmitted to other components of the surface heating system. In particular, the data line can be arranged on the first and / or second support element. This can result in a simple connection option if the connection interface includes a recess.It is conceivable that the data line is arranged on the first base side of the first support element, so that electrical contact can be made at the electrical connection for the heating medium and the detection medium via the first support element.

[0050] Furthermore, in a heating mat according to the invention, it is conceivable that the decentralized evaluation unit extends at least partially into a receiving opening of the intermediate element. This allows the decentralized evaluation unit to be embedded in the intermediate element, for example, and at least partially protected from external influences by the intermediate element. Furthermore, the thickness of the heating mat can be kept low if the decentralized evaluation unit does not protrude from the base unit, or only protrudes partially. The receiving opening can, for example, be cut into the intermediate element. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that at least one sensor element of the detection device is connected to the data line via the decentralized evaluation unit.Thus, the decentralized evaluation unit can, for example, also enable the transfer of sensor data from the first to the second carrier element and vice versa, especially if the decentralized evaluation unit extends simultaneously into the intermediate element.

[0051] Furthermore, in a heating mat according to the invention, it is conceivable that the decentralized evaluation unit and / or the heating medium are electrically connected to the electrical connection via a connection section, in particular wherein a data line and / or at least a part of a conductor track is formed through the connection section. The connection section can preferably be arranged on the first base side of the first support element, in particular printed on the first base side of the first support element. This allows a direct connection between the decentralized evaluation unit and the electrical connection to be created in a simple manner. Sensor data can be transmitted to a control unit via the connection section. Furthermore, the heating medium can be supplied with current via the connection section, or a potential can be applied to a resistance element of the heating medium.

[0052] Preferably, a heating mat according to the invention may be provided with several electrical connections, in particular for connection to a power source and / or a control unit, arranged in an edge region of the base unit, in particular wherein several connection sections extend from the decentralized evaluation unit, preferably in a cross-like arrangement, to the electrical connections. The decentralized evaluation unit may preferably be arranged centrally on the base unit. The electrical connections are preferably arranged in an edge region of the base unit. Thus, a short path can be achieved by the cross-like arrangement of the connection sections. In particular, the connection sections may be connected to each other via the decentralized evaluation unit or at least partially directly. In particular, the heating element may have connection sections that are connected to each other around its circumference.This can improve the cuttableness of the heating mat, as a cut through one of the connection sections does not immediately interrupt the power supply to the resistive elements. The data line can preferably have separate connection sections.

[0053] Within the scope of the invention, a through-element can be provided for connecting the detection means to the decentralized evaluation unit, extending at least partially through the first support element. The through-element preferably comprises a rivet, which is inserted into the first support element during the manufacture of the base unit. However, other possibilities for connecting the two base sides of the first support element are also conceivable. Preferably, the through-element can be electrically conductive. This allows the detection means, which is preferably arranged on the second base side of the first support element, to be connected to an electrical component on the opposite, and in particular on the first, base side of the first support element.Thus, a decentralized evaluation unit can be arranged on the side of the first support element opposite the sensing device, and this unit can be electrically connected to the sensing device via the through-pass element. This allows contact to be achieved through the first support element without, for example, having to run a cable along the outside of the base unit and at least partially wrap it around the base unit to reach the other side. At the same time, the distance traveled through the through-pass element can be short, so that the electrical resistance and thus potential signal losses can also be low. The through-pass element also facilitates simple manufacturing, especially if it is designed, for example, as a rivet.

[0054] Within the scope of the invention, it can further be provided that the data line has a ring section that at least partially, preferably completely, surrounds a central area of ​​the base unit. Preferably, the data line can have a supply section that is at least partially located in the central area. The ring section can preferably be understood to be a section of the data line that extends along the edge of the base unit. The ring section can be circular or adapted to a rectangular shape of the heating mat. The ring section makes it possible to connect the sensing means to a data port, even if the heating mat is cut to size, for example, to fit the geometry of a room.The supply sections connect in particular the ring section with the recording device and / or the decentralized evaluation units, which are preferably located in the central area of ​​the base unit.

[0055] Advantageously, the data line can be connected to a data port that is accessible from outside the base unit. Preferably, the data line can be connected to the central control unit via this data port. This ensures that the data acquisition device and / or the decentralized evaluation unit can be connected to the central control unit. This can be achieved, for example, indirectly by connecting several heating mats to each other via different data ports and ultimately connecting at least one of the heating mats to the central control unit.

[0056] Preferably, in a heating mat according to the invention, the data line can be connected via the ring section to several data connections, which are arranged in an edge region of the base unit. In particular, the data connections can be part of electrical connections in the edge region of the base unit. Furthermore, the fact that the data line is connected via the ring section to several data connections facilitates the possibility of cutting the heating mat to size. In particular, areas where a connection is provided can thus be cut off without significantly impairing the functionality of the detection device. For example, it may only be necessary to leave one data connection when the heating mat is adapted to the geometry of the room by cutting.

[0057] In a heating mat according to the invention, it is further conceivable that the electrical heating element and / or the conductor track and / or the data line and / or the sensing element comprises a precious metal, in particular silver. For example, it is conceivable that a heating element of the electrical heating element and / or a sensor element of the sensing element comprises the precious metal, in particular silver. The precious metal can ensure a low resistance of the respective component, so that the electrical power is not, or at least is reduced, unintentionally dissipated as heat. Particularly in the area of ​​the sensing element, this can also improve the accuracy and / or reliability of the event detection measurement.Furthermore, silver, for example, can be processed in a simple way using a printing process, so that the simple production of the heating mat can be improved, for example, by printing on individual components.

[0058] It is also conceivable that a heating mat according to the invention may have at least one designated cutting line along which the heating mat can be cut to adapt to the geometry of the room without completely destroying the function of the heating element and / or the detection element, in particular wherein a portion of the heating element and / or detection element can be detached when cutting along the designated cutting line. The designated cutting line can be understood as an area along which an advantageous cutting option is provided so that the function of the heating element and / or the detection element is not completely destroyed. Preferably, the designated cutting line can be pre-marked and / or pre-perforated so that an installer can quickly identify the designated cutting line. Furthermore, several designated cutting lines can be provided. This can further improve the flexibility of the installation options.Furthermore, it is conceivable that the target cutting lines could result, for example, from the arrangement of the sensor elements of the detection device and / or the resistance elements of the heating medium, especially if the sensor elements and / or the resistance elements are arranged in a regular pattern.

[0059] According to a further aspect of the invention, a surface heating system for heating a room in a building is claimed. In this case, at least one heating mat according to the invention is laid across a surface on a building element of the building.

[0060] Thus, a surface heating system according to the invention offers the same advantages as those already described in detail with reference to a heating mat according to the invention. The building component can preferably be understood to be a structural element, in particular a subfloor. For example, it is conceivable that the heating mat according to the invention is laid on the structural element and subsequently covered with a functional and / or visible covering of the floor to be installed. In particular, the surface heating system can comprise several heating mats according to the invention, which are connected to one another. The surface heating system can also be designed as underfloor heating. The surface heating system is easy to install and, due to its thinness, requires correspondingly little installation space within the building, so that other building components are not affected, or only minimally affected, by the heating mat.The surface heating system can be influenced. Preferably, the surface heating system can also have a central control unit through which the heating mat and / or heating mats can be controlled. The central control unit can, for example, be located in a flush-mounted box.

[0061] According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a heating mat according to the invention for a surface heating system, in particular for heating a building, is claimed. Preferably, the surface heating system can be a surface heating system according to the invention. The method further comprises the following steps: Providing a first support element which has a planar extension with a first base side and a second base side, creating a flexible base unit, wherein an electric heating medium is applied to the first base side, in particular to the first base side, of the first support element, so that at least the base unit can be laid over a planar area for the design of the surface heating.

[0062] Preferably, the surface heating system can be a surface heating system according to the invention. In particular, the method according to the invention thus offers the same advantages as those already described in detail with reference to a heating mat according to the invention. Providing the first support element preferably includes producing a film, in particular a PET film. When applying the electric heating medium to the first base surface, the electric heating medium can preferably be arranged directly on the first base surface of the first support element or indirectly on the first base surface of the first support element. Preferably, the application of the electric heating medium to the first base surface of the first support element can create a material-bonded connection between the electric heating medium and the first support element.However, it is also conceivable that the electric heating element is attached to the first support element or another component of the base unit in a different way.

[0063] This allows for the simple production of a heating mat, which can then be easily installed to create a surface heating system in a room of a building. For example, the initial support element and the production of the flexible base unit can be carried out at a production site separate from the building construction site, while the final installation takes place in the room itself, simply by laying out the heating mat or multiple heating mats.

[0064] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the application of the electric heating medium to the first base side of the first support element comprises the following steps: Applying a conductor material of the electric heating medium in at least partially liquid form to the first base side of the first support element, and allowing the conductor material to harden.

[0065] The application of the conductor material preferably includes printing the electric heating element. The conductor material can preferably be applied in atomized form to the areas to be printed, creating a metallurgical bond, particularly with the first carrier element. Curing of the conductor material can preferably be achieved by UV radiation or heat input. This accelerates the curing of the conductor material in liquid form. The conductor material preferably comprises carbon and / or a filler. The conductor material can be premixed, or the carbon and filler can be mixed during application. This facilitates mass production of the heating mat, especially since the conductor material can be advantageously applied in a reproducible manner in liquid form.

[0066] Furthermore, in a method according to the invention, it is conceivable that the method comprises the following steps: Providing a second support element which has a planar extension with a first base side and a second base side, fastening the first and second support elements together.

[0067] Preferably, the first and second support elements can be fastened together such that the first base of the first support element and the second base of the second support element face each other. The first and second support elements can be fastened together by force-fit, form-fit, and / or material-fit. This allows the basic unit to be created in a simple manner. Furthermore, the second support element can provide additional protection for the heating medium.

[0068] Advantageously, in a method according to the invention, the fastening of the first and second support elements to one another may include the arrangement of an intermediate element between the first and second support elements, in particular wherein an adhesive layer is arranged between the intermediate element and the first support element and / or between the intermediate element and the second support element. The intermediate element provides a simple way to create a gap between the support elements. If, for example, the heating element is arranged on the first support element and the sensing element on the second support element, this reduces any mutual interference between the sensing element and the heating element. The adhesive layer, in particular in the form of a double-sided adhesive tape, can be laminated onto the intermediate element and / or the first and / or second support elements.This results in a simple fastening option for the intermediate element. The intermediate element can advantageously be designed as a sound-absorbing layer and / or even as an adhesive layer itself.

[0069] Within the scope of the invention, it may further be provided that the following step is carried out before the application of the electric heating medium: Pre-tempering of the first and / or second support element.

[0070] Pre-heating the first and / or second support element can prevent shrinkage during the printing of the conductor material. When applying the electrical heating element, especially if done via a printing process, the first and / or second support element can be locally heated, causing thermal stresses and at least partial deformation. This deformation may reverse upon cooling, potentially damaging the heating element. Pre-heating the first and / or second support element can counteract this.

[0071] In a method according to the invention, the creation of the basic unit can advantageously comprise the following step: Applying a detection means for detecting an event on the second base side, in particular on the second base side, of the first support element and / or on the second support element (11), so that at least the basic unit for the design of an area sensor system can be laid over a surface.

[0072] Thus, the functionality of the heating mat can be supplemented by the functionality of the detection device. To minimize the need for electrical insulation, the detection device can preferably be arranged on the base of the first support element opposite the electric heating element. Additionally or alternatively, the detection device can be arranged on the second support element, in particular on a first and / or second base of the second support element. The event can preferably involve a person's activity, which can, for example, include the person's presence in the room. The area sensor can be a device or system suitable for detecting the event or multiple events distributed over an area of ​​the room.

[0073] Within the scope of the invention, it may further be provided that the creation of the base unit comprises at least one of the following steps: Applying a first protective layer to the electric heating element, in particular by painting, and / or applying a second protective layer to the detection element, in particular by painting.

[0074] Preferably, the electric heating element and the detection element can each be covered with the first and second protective layers, respectively. These protective layers can provide electrical insulation, thus protecting the functionality of the electric heating element and the detection element from external influences, as well as protecting the environment from electrical currents emitted by the electric heating element and / or the detection element. Painting can offer a simple method for mass-producing the heating mat, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0075] It is also conceivable that in a method according to the invention, the application of the detection means comprises the following steps: Applying a sensor material of the detection device in at least partially liquid form to the second base side of the first and / or second carrier element, curing the sensor material.

[0076] As already described for the application of the electric heating element, the sensor material can also preferably be applied to the first and / or second support element using a printing process. This allows for a simple and cost-effective way to create a material-bonded connection. At the same time, applying the sensor material in at least partially liquid form offers the possibility of producing the detection element precisely and reproducibly.

[0077] Advantageously, it may be provided that in a method according to the invention the method further comprises at least one of the following steps: Creating at least one connection interface by pressing on a connecting element and / or a counter-connection interface by pressing on a counter-connecting element, in particular wherein the connecting element and the counter-connecting element are pressed on simultaneously and / or creating a connection interface by cutting a recess into which a connecting unit can be inserted, into the base unit, in particular such that the first and / or second support element at least partially limits the recess.

[0078] In particular, the connection interface can be a connection interface for the reversible connection of the connecting element to a mating connecting element. The connecting element can preferably be a snap fastener, while the mating connecting element can preferably be an eyelet. Thus, a reversible connection option for the heating mat can be created in a simple manner. Additionally or alternatively, the connection interface can be created, for example, by providing a punch and / or drill hole through which a contact can be introduced into the base unit and / or exposed on the base unit. In particular, the connection interface can also be designed by ensuring that, when applying the first and / or second protective layer to the electric heating element or the detection element, an area of ​​the electric heating element or the detection element is exposed.The detection element is covered, so that the first or second protective layer does not form in this area. Thus, the electrical heating element or the detection element can be exposed in this area, thereby enabling contact. The press tool can preferably be designed to press on both the connecting element and the mating connecting element. For this purpose, the press tool can be designed to hold the base unit and have different dies at the respective positions to simultaneously press on the mating connecting element and the connecting element. Furthermore, contacts for the heating element, the detection element, and / or the decentralized evaluation units can also be pressed on simultaneously with the connecting element and the mating connecting element.Preferably, an electrically conductive adhesive can be applied to bond the connecting element and / or the mating element to the base unit. To accelerate the bonding process, the electrically conductive adhesive can be cured, for example, thermally and / or by UV radiation. The connection interface can also provide a simple receptacle for the connecting element. In recesses where no connecting element is to be attached, a blanking plate can be inserted to protect the connection interface. If the recess is bounded by the second, preferably the first, support element, a connecting element in the form of an electrical contact can be provided on the first and / or second support element, allowing the connecting element to be easily brought into electrical contact with the heating mat.

[0079] The invention may further provide that the method comprises the following steps: Applying an adhesive layer to a sealing layer and / or to a sound-absorbing layer and / or to the base unit, fixing the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer to the base unit using the adhesive layer.

[0080] The application of the adhesive layer preferably comprises laminating the adhesive layer onto the sealing layer, the sound-absorbing layer, or the base unit. Preferably, the adhesive layer can be designed as a double-sided adhesive tape. This allows the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer to be delivered as prefabricated components and easily attached to the base unit during the production of the heating mat using the adhesive layer. This can facilitate mass production of the heating mat and / or simplify the production process. In particular, this allows the production of the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer to be outsourced.

[0081] Within the scope of the invention, it may further be provided that the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive tape, wherein the following step is further provided: The adhesive tape is scored to create two separately usable adhesive areas, a first adhesive area being usable for attaching the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer to the base unit and a second adhesive area being usable for externally attaching the heating mat.

[0082] The adhesive tape thus facilitates a simultaneous connection between the base unit and the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer, as well as between two heating mats that are to be arranged side by side to create the surface heating system. By scoring the adhesive tape, the base unit can first be completely laminated with it. Subsequently, depending on the room geometry and / or the intended use of the heating mat, the adhesive areas can be adjusted, particularly to the specific application. The application of the adhesive tape can, for example, be carried out on the construction site, while further steps can be performed in a separate production area for the heating mat. In particular, scoring the adhesive tape in the separate production environment allows for a standardized specification to already exist, which can then still be modified and / or disregarded on the construction site.

[0083] Furthermore, in a method according to the invention, the method may include the following step: Cutting at least the first support element, the second support element and / or the intermediate element, in particular wherein the cutting is carried out simultaneously with the pressing on of the connecting element and / or the counter-connecting element.

[0084] This allows, for example, the outer shape of the heating mat to be predetermined in series production, particularly before further components are applied to the first and / or second support element. Preferably, the complete base unit, especially together with the sealing layer and / or the sound-absorbing layer, can be cut to size. Thus, for example, a geometry adapted to the application can be created, while the upstream production can be carried out using a strip material, particularly as a continuous web. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the cutting of the base unit is carried out in the same press tool as the pressing on of the connecting element and the counter-connecting element. For example, the outer edge of the press tool can be designed as a punching tool, and press dies can be provided in the inner area.This allows different manufacturing steps to be combined in a single work step, especially in a single hub.

[0085] Furthermore, in a method according to the invention, it may be provided that the method also includes the following step: Arranging at least one decentralized evaluation unit, in particular for processing sensor data from the detection device, on the base unit, preferably wherein an electrically conductive adhesive is used for electrical contacting the decentralized evaluation unit with a data line of the base unit.

[0086] In particular, the intermediate element can have an opening, or an opening can be cut into the intermediate element, into which the decentralized evaluation unit is inserted. The decentralized evaluation unit can advantageously be arranged centrally within the base unit. The electrically conductive adhesive allows for the attachment of the evaluation unit and enables electrical contact between the evaluation unit and the base unit, particularly via connection sections to electrical terminals.

[0087] The invention may further provide that the method also includes the following step: Pouring a potting compound at least partially via the base unit and / or the decentralized evaluation unit.

[0088] The potting compound is preferably electrically insulating. By at least partially encasing the base unit and / or the decentralized evaluation unit in the potting compound, it can be ensured that no unwanted electrical contacts remain exposed that could impair the functionality of the heating mat during operation. Preferably, the potting compound is made of or consists of a synthetic resin.

[0089] The invention may further provide for quality control of the heating medium. In particular, the quality control of the heating medium may comprise the following steps: Placing the heating mat on a conveying device, in particular a conveyor belt, approaching at least one connection interface and / or at least one counterpart connection interface with a probe, checking an electrical parameter, in particular the electrical resistance, applying a voltage to the heating medium and evaluating a thermal image, in particular an infrared image, with regard to a temperature reached, comparing the electrical parameter and / or the temperature reached with a setpoint.

[0090] Furthermore, it is conceivable that a quality control of the detection means is carried out in a method according to the invention. In particular, the quality control of the detection means can comprise the following steps: Placing the heating mat on a conveying device or conveying the heating mat on the conveying device, approaching at least one sensor element and / or a decentralized evaluation unit with a probe, positioning a test object on at least one sensor element and storing a detection signal, comparing the detection signal with a reference signal.

[0091] Preferably, the conveying medium for quality control of both the collection device and the heating medium can be the same conveying medium, so that comprehensive quality control can be carried out on the same conveying medium. This quality control can increase the reliability of the heating mat manufacturing process, enabling defective products to be identified and removed before installation on the construction site.

[0092] Further measures improving the invention will become apparent from the following description of some exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are schematically illustrated in the figures. All features and / or advantages arising from the claims, the description, or the drawings, including design details, spatial arrangements, and process steps, can be essential to the invention, both individually and in various combinations. It should be noted that the figures are for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. They show: Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a heating mat according to the invention in a first embodiment in a schematic sectional view; Figure 2 shows a top view of a first base side of a base unit of the heating mat according to the invention in the first embodiment; Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a detection means of the heating mat according to the invention in the first embodiment; Figure 4 shows a possible detection of an event in temporal sequence with the heating mat of the first embodiment; Figure 5 shows the heating mat according to the invention in a further schematic sectional view; Figure 6 shows a further sectional schematic view of the heating mat according to the invention in the edge region; Figure 7 shows a possible bending of the heating mat of the first embodiment in a schematic view; Figure 8 shows a surface heating system with a heating mat according to the first embodiment.Figure 9: A room of a building with a surface heating system according to the invention in a further embodiment; Figure 10: Process steps of a method according to the invention for manufacturing a heating mat in a further embodiment; Figure 11a-idie: Process steps of the method according to the invention of the embodiment of the Figure 10 In a further schematic representation, Figure 12 shows a schematic structure of a heating mat according to the invention according to a further embodiment in a schematic sectional view, Figure 13 shows a top view of a heating element of the heating mat according to the invention. Figure 12 Figure 14 shows a schematic representation of a detection means of the heating mat according to the invention. Figure 12 Figure 15 shows the heating mat according to the invention. Figure 12 in a further schematic cutaway view, Figure 16a-c the heating mat according to the invention Figure 12with a connecting unit, Figure 17 process steps of a method according to the invention for manufacturing a heating mat in a further embodiment, Figure 18a-k the process steps of the method according to the invention of the embodiment of Figure 17 in a further schematic representation.

[0093] In the following figures, identical reference numerals are used for the same technical features even for different embodiments.

[0094] Figure 1Figure 1 shows a schematic structure of a heating mat 4 according to the invention, with a detailed view of a base unit 10 of the heating mat 4. The base unit 10 forms, in particular, a core of the heating mat 4. The base unit 10 comprises a first support element 11, which has a planar extension with a first and a second base side 11.1, 11.2. The first support element 11 is thus suitable for laying the heating mat 4, for example, as part of a boundary element 110 of the room 101, in particular a floor, of a building 100. The first base side 11.1 preferably forms a bottom surface of the first support element 11 when the heating mat 4 is installed in the building 100 as underfloor heating. In this case, the second base side 11.2 preferably forms the top surface of the first support element 11. An electric heating element 20 is provided on the first base side 11.1 for emitting heat.The electric heating element 20 has a resistance element 21 which extends on the first base 11.1 of the first support element 11 and is preferably designed as a planar, in particular plate-like, component. Furthermore, the electric heating element 20 has a heating conductor 23 through which the resistance element 21 is connected to an electrical connection 40 of the heating mat 4. The heating conductor 23 and / or the resistance element 21 can be printed onto the first support element 11. Preferably, the heating conductor 23 is printed directly onto the first support element 11, and the resistance element 21 is printed at least partially onto the heating conductor 23 and / or at least partially onto the first support element 11. Thus, the resistance element 21, which can preferably be plate-like, can extend over the heating conductor 23.The heating element 23 can, for example, be provided as a narrow strip, such that the resistance element 21 is partially applied directly to the heating element 23 and partially applied directly to the first support element 11. In particular, the heating element 23 and the resistance element 21 are metallurgically bonded to the first support element 11 and / or to each other. To keep the electrical resistance of the heating element 23 low, the heating element 23 comprises, in particular, a noble metal, preferably silver. The resistance element 21 is designed to dissipate heat when energized. The dissipated heat results, in particular, from the resistance of the resistance element 21. For this purpose, the resistance element 21 comprises, in particular, a carbon paste, which includes carbon 21.1 and / or a filler 21.2. The carbon 21.1 is preferably in ground form. The filler 21.2 further serves to adjust the conductivity of the resistive element 21, wherein the conductivity of the resistive element 21 corresponds to the quantity of filler 21.2 added to the carbon paste. For electrical insulation from the outside of the base unit 10, a first protective layer 14.1 is also provided, which at least partially covers the electrical heating medium 20. In particular, the first protective layer 14.1 can comprise a varnish, preferably a photoresist.

[0095] On the second base face 11.2 of the first carrier element 11, the base unit 10 has a capacitive sensing device 30 for detecting an event 3. The sensing device 30 includes a data line 35, which is preferably applied directly to the first carrier element 11. The data line 35 can serve for power supply and / or data communication of the sensing device 30. For this purpose, the data line 35 can preferably comprise several, especially parallel, data conductors, through which, for example, a data bus can be provided. The data conductors can, for example, be provided as different and separate layers or run separately from each other in one plane. Furthermore, the sensing device 30 comprises two electrodes 31 between which an electric field can be generated. In particular, the two electrodes 31 can be connected to the data line 35 in certain sections.For electrical isolation, particularly of further areas, a further protective layer 14.3 can be provided between the electrodes 31 and the data line 35. This ensures that the electrodes 31 and the data line 35 only contact each other in certain contact sections, thus preventing or minimizing the influence of the data line 35 on the electric field. A second protective layer 14.2 is also provided for electrical isolation of the detection element 30 from the environment, at least partially covering the detection element 30. Preferably, the detection element 30 can be applied directly or indirectly to the second base 11.2 of the first support element 11. In particular, the electrodes 31 and / or the data line 35 can be bonded to the first support element 11 by a pressure bonding process. The second protective layer 14.2 and the further protective layer 14.2 are also provided.3. In particular, they may be lacquered and / or applied by a printing process, preferably as a photoresist.

[0096] Due to the described structure of the base unit 10, it is flexible, allowing the handling of the heating mat 4 to differ from that of a rigid panel. This is particularly advantageous when handling it on a construction site, as, for example, one person can carry the heating mat 4, the heating mat 4 can be delivered in a stack with other heating mats 4, and / or the risk of breakage of the heating mat 4 can be reduced. In particular, the base unit 10 forms a film-like, preferably moisture-impermeable composite. To further protect the base unit 10 from moisture, a sealing layer 60 is also arranged on the base unit 10, particularly indirectly on the second base side 11.2 of the first support element 11. For this purpose, an adhesive layer 70 is arranged between the base unit 10 and the sealing layer 60 to attach the sealing layer 60 to the base unit 10.Furthermore, the sealing layer 60 has several fiber layers 60.1, so that the sealing layer 60's tightness can be increased by the multiple fiber layers 60.1. In particular, the sealing layer 60 can include a fleece. On the first base side 11.1 of the first support element 11, a sound-absorbing layer 50 is also attached to the base unit 10. For this purpose, an adhesive layer 70 is also provided between the sound-absorbing layer 50 and the base unit 10 to ensure a material-bonded connection between the base unit 10 and the sound-absorbing layer 50. The sound-absorbing layer 50 has a positive effect on sound transmission, especially when the heating mat 4 is used as underfloor heating, thus reducing impact sound. By forming the base unit 10 with the detection element 30 in a layered composite, the base unit 10 can be laid across its entire surface to create an area sensor 1.2.The electric heating medium 20 allows the base unit 10 to be laid across a surface to create a surface heating system 1.1. In particular, this provides a dual functionality for the heating mat 4, so that when the heating mat 4 is laid, both the surface heating system 1.1 and the surface sensor system 1.2 can be installed. Therefore, only one installation of the heating mat 4 is necessary to implement both sensor functionality and heating functionality within a room 101 of building 100. The illustration of this includes... Figure 1The figure merely schematically depicts a section of the heating mat 4, where the layer structure can, for example, represent a printing sequence during the manufacture of the heating mat 4. In particular, at least the sound-absorbing layer 50 and / or the sealing layer 60 and / or the protective layers 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 can extend completely or partially across the entire surface of the heating mat 4.

[0097] Figure 2Figure 1 shows a schematic top view of the base unit 10 of the heating mat 4 of the first embodiment, specifically the first base side 11.1 of the first support element 11. The heating mat 4 is shown to have several planar, in particular plate-like, resistive elements 21 arranged in a regular distribution pattern. The resistive elements 21 are connected via heating conductors 23 to at least one, preferably several, conductive traces 42 running in an edge region 12 of the base unit 10. The resistive elements 21 are connected via the conductive trace 42 to heating terminals 45, which may be part of electrical terminals 40 arranged in the edge region 12 of the base unit 10. The resistive elements 21 are located in a central region 13 of the base unit 10. The conductive trace 42 is also provided around the perimeter of the edge region 12.This allows the heating mat 4 to be easily adapted to the specific geometry of a room 101, such as a bay window, by cutting off a section of the base unit 10. Because multiple electrical connections 40 are provided and the conductor track 42 runs around the perimeter, at least part of the functionality of the electric heating element 20 can be retained even if individual resistance elements 21 and / or individual electrical connections 40 are cut off. Preferably, at least one electrical connection 40 and the corresponding contact via the conductor track 42 are retained for at least parts of the remaining resistance elements 21. Therefore, predefined cutting lines 15 are provided along which the heating mat 4 can be cut to fit the geometry of the room 101.The target cutting lines 15 are pre-drawn or pre-perforated and / or result from the arrangement of the resistance elements 21 and / or sensor elements 30.1, which are in . Fig. 3The heating mat 4 is preferably designed as a heating module to be connected to further heating modules for surface heating 1.1 and / or for surface sensors 1.2. To provide a simple means of electrical connection, the electrical connections 40 have connection interfaces 41 and / or mating interfaces 43. In particular, the connection interfaces 41 can be connected to mating interfaces 43 of further heating mats. For this purpose, each connection interface can have at least one, preferably several, connecting means 90 and each mating interface can have one, preferably several, mating means 93. Preferably, the connection interface 41 and / or the mating interface 43 can be designed for reversible mechanical fastening. In particular, the connecting means can be designed as a push button and / or the mating means 93 as an eyelet.This allows for a quick and reliable electrical connection between the heating mat 4 and a power source 2 and / or a control unit 22. The connecting element 90 and / or the mating element 93 can preferably be bonded to the base unit 10 using an electrically conductive adhesive.

[0098] In particular, each resistance element 21 of the electric heating medium 20 is assigned a sensor element 30.1. This further simplifies the cutting of the heating mat 4, so that each cut removes the same number of sensor elements 30.1 as resistance elements 21. The sensing element 30 is shown schematically in a top view of the second base side 11.2 of the first support element 11 in Figure 3The detection device 30 comprises sensor elements 30.1, each of which has two electrodes 31 to generate an electric field. Each sensor element 30.1 is connected to a decentralized evaluation unit 32. The decentralized evaluation unit 32 is arranged near the respective sensor elements 30.1, so that the connection distance between the sensor elements 30.1 and the respective evaluation unit 32 can be kept short. In particular, the decentralized evaluation unit 32 is configured to convert analog measurement signals from the sensor elements 30.1 into digital signals. Furthermore, the decentralized evaluation units 32 are connected to a data line 35. The data line 35 also has a supply section 35.2 and a ring section 35.1. The ring section 35.1 is arranged, in particular, at least partially parallel to the conductor track 42, circumferentially in the edge region 12 of the base unit 10.The supply section 35.2 is arranged, in particular, parallel to the heating element 23, at least partially in the central region 13 of the base unit 10. Thus, the evaluation units 32 can be connected to the ring section 35.1 via the supply section 35.2. Preferably, each supply section 35.2 can make contact with the ring section 35.1 at multiple points. This also allows the heating mat 4 to be cut to size, so that, for example, even if an upper section of the heating mat 4 is cut off, the functionality of the remaining sensor elements 30.1 can be maintained. The ring section 35.1 is also connected to several data connections 36, which can be part of the electrical connections 40 for the electric heating medium 20 or can form separate electrical connections 40.In particular, the data line 35 can have several data lines running in parallel, for example to transmit different data and / or to provide a bus. Furthermore, the detection areas 34 of the detection device 30 of the heating mat 4, which can be monitored by the sensor elements 30.1, are shown in dashed lines.

[0099] Figure 4Figure 1 schematically shows several detection areas 34, each of which can be generated by the sensor elements 30.1. To detect, for example, a person's behavior or presence as an event 3, the detection areas 34 can be monitored individually and, in particular, evaluated at different times T1 to T5. Thus, for example, an event 3 in the form of a person's movement can be tracked, making the use of the area sensor 1.2 of the heating mat 4 particularly suitable for commercial applications, allowing for the analysis of visitor flows. This can, for example, provide insights into whether a product is particularly interesting to visitors, or similar findings.

[0100] Figure 5Figure 1 further shows a possible connection between the decentralized evaluation unit 32 and the sensor elements 30.1 of the detection device 30. In particular, the decentralized evaluation unit 32 can be provided on the first base 11.1 of the first support element 11, on which the electric heating element 20 is also arranged. A connection between the sensor elements 30.1 and the decentralized evaluation unit 32 through the first support element 11 can be ensured in a particularly simple way by means of a through-element 37, which can be designed, in particular, as a rivet. This can further facilitate the mass production of the heating mat 4. Simultaneously, the decentralized evaluation unit 32 can be fastened to the base unit 10.In particular, the evaluation unit 32 can advantageously be embedded in the sound-absorbing layer 50, which can be designed to be particularly flexible and thus provide elastic protection when the heating mat 4 is subjected to stress, for example by the movement of a person.

[0101] Figure 6Figure 1 further shows a schematic representation of an edge region 12 of the heating mat 4 of the first embodiment. The base unit 10 is shown with one of the electrical connections 40. A portion of the adhesive layers 70 is also arranged in this edge region. At least one of the adhesive layers 70 has a first adhesive area 71.1 as a fastening interface 44 for connecting the heating mat 4 to other heating mats and / or other components of the surface heating system 1.1. A second adhesive area 71.2 is also provided, through which the base unit 10 is connected to the sealing layer 60 and / or the sound-absorbing layer 50. Thus, several functions can be easily fulfilled by the respective adhesive layer.

[0102] Figure 7Figure 1 shows the heating mat 4 of the first embodiment according to the invention with a possible bend. The heating mat 4 is bendable by a bending angle A. This is possible in particular because the base unit 10 is designed to be flexible. Preferably, the achievable bending angle A can be greater than or equal to 10°, more preferably greater than or equal to 45°, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 90°. The achievable bending angle can, in particular, be relative to a horizontal plane if the heating mat 4 rests at least partially, e.g., on a floor. Furthermore, a bending radius R can be provided, which clarifies that the bending angle A is to be distinguished from a kink. In particular, the decentralized evaluation units 32 can also be designed to be rigid, so that bending between the decentralized evaluation units 32 is possible.

[0103] Figure 8Figure 4 further shows a connection of several heating mats 4. The heating mats 4 form the surface heating system 1.1 and the surface sensor system 1.2, respectively. The heating mats 4 are interconnected by electrical connections 40, each of which can establish an electrical connection 40.1. The electrical connection 40.1 can provide a power supply and / or a data connection. One of the heating mats 4 is preferably designed as a master element 4.1, which can communicate directly with the control unit 22. In particular, the master element 4.1 can have a temperature sensor 24 for calibrating and / or adjusting the surface heating system 1.1. Figure 4 also shows that the heating mats 4 overlap at their edge regions 12. In particular, the edge regions 12 can each have first adhesive areas 71.1, which can form a fastening interface 44.The heating mats 4.1 and 4.2 can be attached to each other via the mounting interfaces 44. The control unit 22, which is connected to the master element 4.1, can further comprise a central control device 33, by which the heating output of the heating mats 4 and the detection and evaluation of events 3 of the heating mats 4 can preferably be controlled or evaluated. Preferably, the central control device 33 can be provided in a flush-mounted box in a room 101 of a building 100.

[0104] Figure 9Figure 1 further shows a building 100 with a room 101, which can be heated by a surface heating system 1.1 and can be monitored, at least partially, by a surface sensor 1.2. Monitoring of the room 101 can include the detection of an event 3, wherein the event 3 preferably comprises the activity of a person. In particular, the activity of the person can be their presence in the room. Furthermore, the surface sensor 1.2 can be configured for the capacitive detection of the event 3. The surface heating system 1.1 and the surface sensor 1.2 are formed by heating mats 4 according to the invention, preferably by a combination of several heating mats 4 as described in the first embodiment. For this purpose, the heating mats 4 are arranged on a component 102 of a boundary element 110 of the room 101. The component 102 can preferably be a floor slab component.A functional covering 103, which may preferably be a screed, and a visible covering 104, which may, for example, comprise tiles and / or carpet and / or laminate and / or the like, are arranged on the heating mats 4. The surface sensors 1.2 and / or the surface heating 1.1 can be connected and / or connectable to an external computing unit 80 and / or a mobile device 81. This allows, for example, remote control of the surface heating 1.1 and / or remote monitoring of the surface sensors 1.2 by a user even outside the building 100 and / or in another room of the building 100. Preferably, detection areas 34 can be provided for the detection of the event 3, which originate from sensor elements 30.1 of the heating mats 4 have a height H of greater than or equal to 10 mm, preferably of greater than or equal to 25 mm, particularly preferably of greater than or equal to 40 mm, in order to enable reliable detection of the event 3 outside the limiting element 110.

[0105] The Figures 10 and 11a to 11iFurthermore, process steps 201 to 212 of a process 200 according to the invention for producing a heating mat 4 in a further embodiment are shown. Preferably, a heating mat of the first embodiment can be produced by this process. The process 200 comprises providing 201 a first support element 11, which has a planar extent with a first base 11.1 and a second base 11.2. Providing 201 of the first support element 11 preferably includes producing a film. Furthermore, pre-tempering 202 of the first support element 11 is provided in order to reduce shrinkage of the first support element 11 in subsequent process steps. The first support element 11 is preferably heated and / or cooled in this process. The process 200 further comprises creating 203 a flexible base unit 10.The creation 203 of the flexible base unit 10 comprises the application 204 of an electric heating medium 20 to the first base surface 11.1 of the first support element 11. In particular, the application 201.1 of a conductor material 21.1, 21.2 of the electric heating medium 20 in at least partially liquid form to the first base surface 11.1 of the first support element 11 may be provided. After the application 204.1 of the conductor material 21.1, 21.2, curing 204.2 of the conductor material 21.1, 21.2 may also be provided. The curing 204.2 may preferably be accelerated by UV irradiation and / or heat irradiation. Thus, the application 204 of the electric heating medium 20 can in particular include printing the electric heating medium 20 onto the first carrier element 11 and / or other components of the base unit 10.Furthermore, the creation 203 of the base unit 10 comprises the application 205 of a detection element 30 for detecting an event 3 to the second base surface 11.2 of the first carrier element 11, so that at least the base unit 10 can be laid flat to form an area sensor 1.2. The application 205 of the detection element 30 can preferably be carried out analogously to the application 204 of the electric heating element 20, wherein the application 205 of a sensor material 31.1 of the detection element 30 in at least partially liquid form to the second base surface 11.2 of the first carrier element 11 and the curing 205.2 of the sensor material 31.1 takes place. Thus, the detection element 30 can also be printed onto the first carrier element 11. Furthermore, the creation 203 of the base unit 10 comprises the application 206 of a first protective layer 14.1. The application of a protective layer 14.2 to the electric heating element 20, particularly by painting, and the application of a second protective layer 14.2 to the detection element 30, particularly also by painting, are described. This allows the detection element 30 and / or the electric heating element 20 to be at least partially electrically insulated and / or protected from environmental conditions. Subsequently, a connection interface 41 and / or a mating connection interface 43 is provided by pressing on a connecting element 90 or a mating connection element 93, respectively. The connection interface 41 and / or the mating connection interface 43 can be designed to create a reversible mechanical connection of the heating mat 4. For example, the mating connection element 93 can have an eyelet, and the connecting element 90 can preferably have a snap fastener that can be connected to an eyelet.Thus, several heating mats 4 can be connected together. Advantageously, the method 200 further comprises applying 209 an adhesive layer 70 to a sealing layer 60 and / or to a sound-absorbing layer 50 and / or to the base unit 10. Subsequently, the sealing layer 60 and / or the sound-absorbing layer 70 is fastened 210 to the base unit 10 by the adhesive layer 70. To achieve an advantageous mechanical connection of the heating mat 4 with other components, the adhesive layer 70 can further comprise an adhesive tape 71, which can be subdivided by scoring 211 into at least two separately usable adhesive areas 71.1, 71.2. Furthermore, the method 200 can comprise cutting 212 at least the first support element 11.It is conceivable that the assembly consisting of base unit 10, sealing layer 60, and sound-absorbing layer 50 is cut together to define the outer shape, resulting in a standard size and / or a shape of the heating mat 4 that is adapted to the space 101. Alternatively, the cutting 212 can be carried out beforehand in process 200, in particular before or after the application 207 of the second protective layer 14.2 to the detection medium 30. This allows the shape to be predetermined for the subsequent process steps 208-211, so that, for example, dimensions from these process steps 208-211 can be oriented to the shape. This results in a simple manufacturing process for the heating mat 4, in particular where the manufacturing process for the heating mat 4 can be carried out centrally at a production site separate from the construction site, especially in series production and / or semi-automated production.

[0106] Figure 12Figure 1 shows a schematic structure of a heating mat 4 according to the invention, with a detailed view of a base unit 10 of the heating mat 4. The base unit 10 forms, in particular, a core of the heating mat 4 with a square base. The base unit 10 comprises a first and a second support element 11, each of which has a planar extension with a first and a second base side 11.1, 11.2. Preferably, at least one sealing layer 60 is arranged on the base unit 10, in particular attached by an adhesive layer 70. The sealing layer 60 can be arranged with the adhesive layer 70 on the first and / or second support element 11. Additionally or alternatively, a sound-absorbing layer 50, as shown in the first embodiment, can be arranged on the base unit 10.This means that the first and second support elements 11 are suitable for laying the heating mat 4, for example as part of a boundary element 110 of the room 101, in particular a floor, of a building 100. Particular attention is paid to the illustration in [reference to figure]. Figure 9Reference is made to the following. The first base side 11.1 of the first support element 11 preferably forms a top surface of the first support element 11 when the heating mat 4 is installed in building 100 as underfloor heating. In this case, the second base side 11.2 of the first support element 11 accordingly forms the bottom surface of the first support element 11 and / or the base unit 10. An electric heating element 20 is provided on the first base side 11.1 of the first support element 11 for the emission of heat. The first base side 11.1 of the second support element 11 preferably forms a top surface of the second support element 11 and / or the base unit 10 when the heating mat 4 is installed in building 100 as underfloor heating. In this case, the second base side 11.2 preferably forms the underside of the second support element 11. Thus, the first base side 11.1 of the first support element 11 and the second base side 11.2 of the second support element 11 face each other.On the second base face 11.2 of the second support element 11, a detection means 30 is provided for detecting an event 3. The heating medium 20 and the detection means 30 are thus arranged between the first and second support elements 11 and are therefore at least partially protected. Furthermore, an intermediate element 16, preferably designed as a sound-absorbing layer 50, is arranged between the first and second support elements 11. The intermediate element 16 thus ensures a spatial distance and / or electrical insulation between the first and second support elements 11. At the same time, impact sound transmission can be reduced by the intermediate element 16.

[0107] Figure 13Figure 1 shows a top view of the first support element 11 of the base unit 10 with the electric heating element 20. The electric heating element 20 has at least one resistive element 21, which extends on the first base 11.1 of the first support element 11 and is preferably designed as a planar, particularly plate-like, surface. Furthermore, the electric heating element 20 has at least two conductive traces 42 by which the resistive element 21 is connected to an electrical connection 40 of the heating mat 4. The conductive traces 42 and / or the resistive element 21 can be printed onto the first support element 11. Preferably, the conductive traces 42 are printed directly onto the first support element 11, and the resistive element 21 is printed at least partially onto heating elements 23 connected to the conductive traces 42 and / or at least partially onto the first support element 11.In particular, the conductor tracks 42, the heating elements 23, and the resistance element 21 are metallurgically bonded to the first support element 11 and / or to each other. To keep the electrical resistance of the heating elements 23 and the conductor tracks 42 low, the heating elements 23 and the conductor tracks 42 comprise a noble metal, preferably silver. The resistance element 21 is designed to dissipate heat when energized. The dissipated heat results in particular from the resistance of the resistance element 21. In particular, the resistance element 21 comprises a carbon paste, which includes carbon 21.1 and / or a filler 21.2. For electrical insulation of the heating medium 20, a first protective layer 14.1 can also be provided, as in the first embodiment, which at least partially covers the electrical heating medium 20.In particular, the heating medium 20 has several resistance elements 21 arranged in a regular pattern. One of the conductor tracks 42 is designed as a cross-shaped circumferential connection section 25. This allows electrical connections 40, which are located in an edge region 12 of the base unit 10, to still be used to supply energy to one of the resistance elements 21 even when the heating mat 4 is cut to fit the geometry of the space 101. One of the conductor tracks 42 also has a section running circumferentially in an edge region 12 of the base unit 10, which improves the cuttableness of the heating mat 4.

[0108] The detection device 30 can preferably be configured for the capacitive detection of the event 3. The base unit 10 comprises at least one data line 35, which is in particular applied directly to the first and / or second carrier element 11. According to Figure 13The data line 35 comprises connection sections 25 that extend in a cross-like pattern from a decentralized evaluation unit 32 arranged centrally on the base unit 10 to the electrical connections 40. The data line 35 can serve for power supply and / or data communication of the acquisition device 30. For this purpose, the data line 35 can preferably comprise several data conductors, in particular parallel ones, through which, for example, a data bus can be provided. Figure 14Figure 1 shows a top view of the second support element 11 of the base unit 10 with the detection means 30. The detection means 30 also comprises two electrodes 31, which together generate an electric field. One of the electrodes 31 is designed as a shield electrode to limit the electric field and is formed around the perimeter 12 of the base unit 10. A second protective layer 14.2, as shown in the exemplary embodiment, can also be provided for electrical insulation of the detection means 30 from the environment. Figure 1The second protective layer 14.2 is preferably provided to cover at least part of the detection element 30. In particular, the detection element 30 is applied directly or indirectly to the second base 11.2 of the second carrier element 11. Furthermore, the electrodes 31 and / or the data line 35 can be bonded to the second carrier element 11 by a pressure bonding process. The detection element 30 has four sensor elements 30.1 for detecting the event 3, each of which is formed by an electrode 31 and the surrounding electrode 31 in the form of the shielding electrode. This creates, in particular, four detection areas 34 for detecting the event 3.

[0109] The decentralized evaluation unit 32 is connected to each of the sensor elements 30.1 of the heating mat 4. Due to its central arrangement, the decentralized evaluation unit 32 is also located near the respective sensor elements 30.1, thus minimizing the connection distance between the sensor elements 30.1 and the respective evaluation unit 32. In particular, the decentralized evaluation unit 32 is designed to convert analog measurement signals from the sensor elements 30.1 into digital signals. Furthermore, the decentralized evaluation unit 32 can perform preliminary evaluation of the measurement signals. Figure 15Figure 1 further shows the arrangement of the decentralized evaluation unit 32 in the base unit 10 in a sectional view. The decentralized evaluation unit 32 extends at least partially into a receiving opening of the intermediate element 16. This also enables an electrical connection between components of the first and second support elements 11 via the decentralized evaluation unit 32. In particular, this allows the connection sections 25 of the data line 35 to be connected to the acquisition device 30 via the decentralized evaluation unit 32.

[0110] The electrical connections 40 show, as in Figure 16aThe figure shows a connection interface 41 for connecting the electric heating element 20 and the sensing element 30 to a connection unit 96. The connection unit 96 enables an electrical connection between the connection interface 41 and a mating connection interface 43, allowing at least indirect connection of the heating mat 4 to a power source 2 and / or a control unit 22 via the electrical connection 40. In particular, the heating mat 4 can be connected to the power source 2 and / or the control unit 22 via another heating mat 4 and / or a network of further heating mats 4. Accordingly, the mating connection interface 43 can be part of the further heating mat 4. Unused electrical connections 40 can preferably be closed off by a blanking piece 96.1. The connection unit 96 also has a planar connecting body 97, as shown in Figure 16bshown, and a planar fastening body 98, as shown in Figure 16cThe connection body 97 can be arranged in a recess 46 of the base unit 10 of the heating mat 4 for the electrical connection of the connection interface 41 and the mating connection interface 43. The connection body 97 has a first and a second contact section 97.1, 97.2, which are electrically connected to each other. To ensure separate contacting of the sensing means 30 and the heating element 20, the first and second contact sections 97.1, 97.2 each have at least one first contact element 97.3 and one second contact element 97.4, wherein the first contact elements 97.3 and second contact elements 97.4 are each separately connected to each other. The connection interface 41 also has two connecting means 90 in the form of electrical contacts on the first base side 11.1 of the first support element 11.The mating interface 43 has two analogously designed mating connecting elements 93 in the form of electrical contacts. Thus, the connecting unit 96 allows two identical interfaces 41, 43 to be easily connected on-site. To simplify the fastening of the connecting unit 96, the fastening body 98 is also provided. This can be arranged on a side of the first support element 11 opposite the connecting body 97. Furthermore, the fastening body 98 includes magnets 99 that can be brought into operative contact with the contact elements 97.3. In particular, the contact elements 97.3 are magnetizable for this purpose. If the fastening body 98 and the connecting body 97 are arranged such that the first support element 11 is positioned between the fastening body 98 and the connecting body 97, the first support element 11 is clamped by the connecting unit 96.Simultaneously, the magnets 99 exert a magnetic force on the contact elements 97.3, causing the contact elements 97.3 to be pressed against the connecting means 90 or the counter-connecting means 93. This results, on the one hand, in a force-fit attachment of the connecting unit 96 to the heating mat 4 and, on the other hand, in reliable contact. For a positive-locking connection and correct positioning of the connecting unit 96, the fastening body 98 further comprises at least one positioning aid 98.1 in the form of projections, the connecting body 97 has at least one counter-positioning aid 97.5, and the connection interface 41 has at least one alignment means 41.1. When the connecting unit 96 is attached to the connection interface, the positioning aid 98.1 interacts with the counter-positioning aid 97.5 and the alignment means 41.1, resulting in a positive-locking connection.Furthermore, the clever arrangement and design of the positioning aid 98.2, the counter-positioning aid 97.5 and the alignment device 41.1 prevents incorrect positioning of the connecting unit 96.

[0111] The Figure 17 Figures 18a to 11k further show process steps of a method 200 according to the invention for producing a heating mat 4 in a further embodiment. Preferably, this allows a heating mat of the embodiment according to the Figures 12 to 16The method 200 comprises providing 201 a first support element 11 and 213 a second support element 11, each having a planar extension with a first base 11.1 and a second base 11.2. Providing 201, 213 of the support elements 11 preferably each includes producing a film. Preferably, cutting 212 can be carried out immediately after providing the first and second support elements 11. This allows the shape for the subsequent process steps to be predetermined, so that, for example, dimensions from these process steps can be oriented to the shape. This results in a simple manufacturing process for the heating mat 4, in particular, the manufacturing process for the heating mat 4 can be carried out centrally at a production site separate from the construction site, especially in series production and / or semi-automated production.Furthermore, pre-tempering 202 of the first and second support elements 11 is provided in order to reduce shrinkage of the support elements 11 in later process steps. The support elements 11 are preferably heated and / or cooled in this process.

[0112] Furthermore, the method 200 comprises the creation 203 of a flexible base unit 10. The creation 203 of the flexible base unit 10 includes the application 204 of an electric heating medium 20 to the first base surface 11.1 of the first support element 11. In particular, the application 204.1 of a conductor material 21.1, 21.2 of the electric heating medium 20 in at least partially liquid form to the first base surface 11.1 of the first support element 11 may be provided. After the application 204.1 of the conductor material 21.1, 21.2, the curing 204.2 of the conductor material 21.1, 21.2 may also be provided. The curing 204.2 may preferably be accelerated by UV irradiation and / or heat irradiation. Thus, the application 204 of the electric heating medium 20 can in particular include printing the electric heating medium 20 onto the first carrier element 11 and / or other components of the base unit 10.Furthermore, the creation 203 of the base unit 10 comprises the application 205 of a detection element 30 for detecting an event 3 to the second base surface 11.2 of the second carrier element 11, so that at least the base unit 10 can be laid flat to form an area sensor 1.2. The application 205 of the detection element 30 can preferably be carried out analogously to the application 204 of the electric heating element 20, wherein the application 205.1 of a sensor material 31.1 of the detection element 30 in at least partially liquid form to the second base surface 11.2 of the second carrier element 11 and the curing 205.2 of the sensor material 31.1 takes place. Thus, the detection element 30 can in particular be printed onto the second carrier element 11. Furthermore, the creation 203 of the base unit 10 can involve the application 206 of a first protective layer 14.1 to the electric heating medium 20 and the application 207 of a second protective layer 14.2 on the recording device 30, as in the . Figures 10 and 11e The method 200 comprises, to ensure at least partial electrical insulation and / or protection from environmental conditions. Furthermore, the first and second support elements 11 are fastened together by arranging an intermediate element 16 between them, and the intermediate element 16 is attached to the support elements 11 by means of an adhesive layer 70, which may preferably be designed as a double-sided adhesive tape 71. The method 200 further comprises creating a connection interface 41 by cutting a recess 46 into the base unit 10, into which a connection unit 96 can be inserted. The recess 46 is at least partially limited by the first support element 11, as shown, for example, in Figure 16ashown. In particular, the connection interface 41 can be designed to establish a reversible mechanical connection between the heating mat 4 and the connection unit 96.

[0113] Furthermore, the method 200 comprises arranging 215 at least one decentralized evaluation unit 32 on the base unit 10 for processing sensor data from the detection device 30. For this purpose, the decentralized evaluation unit 32 is electrically and mechanically connected to a data line 35 of the base unit 10 by means of an electrically conductive adhesive. Advantageously, a potting compound 14.4 can then be poured 216 at least partially over the base unit 10 and / or the decentralized evaluation unit 32 to electrically insulate any remaining open contacts. Preferably, the method 200 further comprises applying 209 an adhesive layer 70 to a sealing layer 60 and / or to a sound-absorbing layer 50 and / or to the base unit 10. Subsequently, the sealing layer 60 and / or the sound-absorbing layer 70 are fastened 210 to the base unit 10 by the adhesive layer 70.To achieve an advantageous mechanical connection of the heating mat 4 with other components, the adhesive layer 70 can further comprise an adhesive tape 71 which can be subdivided by scoring 211 into at least two separately usable adhesive areas 71.1, 71.2. Furthermore, the method 200 can include cutting 212 of at least the first and / or second support element 11. It is conceivable that the assembly consisting of the base unit 10, the sealing layer 60, and the sound-absorbing layer 50 is cut together to define the outer shape, resulting in a standard size and / or a shape of the heating mat 4 adapted to the space 101. Additionally or alternatively, the intermediate element 16 can be configured as a sound-absorbing layer 50.

[0114] The preceding explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention exclusively by way of examples. Reference symbol list

[0115] 1.1 Surface heating 1.2 Surface sensors 2 Energy source 3 Event 4 Heating mat 4.1 Master element 10 Base unit 11 Support element 11.1 First base side 11.2 Second base side 12 Edge area 13 Center area 14.1 First protective layer 14.2 Second protective layer 14.3 Further protective layer 14.4 Encapsulating compound 15 Target cutting line 16 Intermediate element 20 Electric heating medium 21 Resistance element 21.1 Carbon 21.2 Filler 22 Control unit 23 Heating element 24 Temperature sensor 25 Connection section 30 Detection device 30.1 Sensor element 31 Electrode 31.1 Sensor material 32 Decentralized evaluation unit 33 Central control unit 34 Detection range 35 Data line 35.1 Ring section 35.2 Supply section 36 Data connection 37 Through element 40 Electrical connection 40.1 Electrical connection 41 Connection interface 41.1 Alignment device 42 Conductor track 43 Mating connection interface 44 Mounting interface 45 Heating connection 46 Recess 50 sound-absorbing layer 60 Sealing layer 60.1 Fiber layer 70 Adhesive layer 71 Adhesive tape 71.1 First adhesive area 71.2 Second adhesive area 80 external computing unit 81 mobile device 90 Connecting element 93 Counter-connecting element 96 Connecting unit 97 Connecting body 97.1 First contact section 97.2 Second contact section 97.3 First contact element 97.4 Second contact element 97.5 Counter-positioning aid 98 Fastening body 99 Magnet 100 Building 101 Room 102 Building element 103 Functional covering 104 Visible covering 110 Boundary element 200 Methods for manufacturing a heating mat A-turn angle R-turn radius T1-Tn-time points

Claims

1. Heating mat (4) for a surface heating system (1.1), in particular for heating a room (101) of a building (100), comprising a flexible base unit (10) with a first carrier element (11), which has a planar extension with a first base side (11.1) and a second base side (11.2), and at least one electrical heating means (20) for emitting heat, wherein the electrical heating means (20) is arranged on the first base side (11.1) of the first carrier element (11) in such a way that the base unit (10) can be laid flat to form the surface heating system (1.1), characterized in that the base unit (10) has a detection means (30) for detecting a person's activity, wherein the detection means (30) comprises at least one electrode (31) for capacitive detection of the activity of the person, wherein a plurality of sensor elements (30.1) of the detection means (30) are arranged in a regular distribution pattern, wherein at least one electrode (31) is assigned to each sensor element (30.1), wherein the heating mat (4) forms a heating module which can be connected together with further heating modules to form the surface heating system (1.1).

2. Heating mat (4) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical heating means (20) is connected to the first carrier element (11) by material bond, in particular wherein the electrical heating means (20) is printed directly or indirectly onto the first carrier element (11), preferably by screen printing, and / or in that the electrical heating means (20) has at least one resistance element (21) which extends on the first base side (11.1) of the first carrier element (11), in particular wherein the resistance element (21) is designed to be flat, preferably plate-like, in particular wherein the resistance element (21) comprises a hardened carbon paste, in particular wherein the carbon paste comprises a carbon (21.1) and / or a filler (21.2).

3. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base unit (10) is bendable, wherein an achievable bending angle (A) of the base unit (10) is greater than or equal to 10°, preferably greater than or equal to 45°, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 90°.

4. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base unit (10) has a second carrier element (11) on which the detection means (30) is arranged, in particular wherein the heating means (20) and / or the detection means (30) is arranged between the first and the second carrier element (11) and / or an intermediate element (16) is arranged between the first and the second carrier element (11), by means of which the first carrier element (11) is spaced apart from the second carrier element (11) at least in sections, preferably completely, in particular wherein the intermediate element (16) is designed as a sound-absorbing layer (50).

5. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means (30) is connected to the first and / or second carrier element (11) by a material bond, in particular wherein the detection means (30) is printed on the first and / or second carrier element (11), preferably by screen printing, and / or in that the detection means (30) has at least two, preferably four, sensor elements (30.1), each with a detection area (34).

6. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means (30) has at least two electrodes (31) by means of which an electric field can be generated jointly for capacitive detection of the activity of the person, and / or in that the detection means (30) has an electrode (31) which is designed as a shield electrode for limiting an electric field, and / or in that the first and / or second carrier element (11) has a plastic, preferably a thermoplastic, particularly preferably a polyester, or consists of a plastic, preferably a thermoplastic, particularly preferably a polyester.

7. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in particular on the first and / or second base side (11.1, 11.2) of the first and / or second carrier element (11), a sound-absorbing layer (50) is arranged on the base unit (10), and / or in that, in particular on the first base side (11.1) of the first carrier element (11) and / or on the second carrier element (11), a sealing layer (60) is arranged on the base unit (10), in particular wherein the sealing layer (60) has at least one fiber layer (60.1) and / or a nonwoven material.

8. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing layer (60) and / or the sound-absorbing layer (50) is attached to the base unit (10) by means of an adhesive layer (70).

9. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical heating means (20) is covered at least in some areas by a first electrically insulating protective layer (14.1) and / or the detection means (30) is covered at least in some areas by a second electrically insulating protective layer (14.2), in particular wherein the first and / or the second electrically insulating protective layer (14.1, 14.2) comprises a photoresist.

10. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base unit (10) has at least one electrical connection (40), in particular for connection to an energy source (2) and / or to a control unit (22), in particular wherein the electrical connection (40) has a connection means (90) for reversibly connecting the electrical heating means (20) and / or the detection means (30) to the energy source (2) and / or the control unit (22).

11. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical connection (40) has a connection interface (41) for connecting the electrical heating means (20) and / or the detection means (30) to a connection unit (96) for connecting the connection interface (41) to a mating connection interface (43), in particular wherein the connection interface (41) comprises at least one alignment means (41.1), by means of which a misalignment of the connection unit (96) can be prevented.

12. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection interface (41) comprises a recess (46) in the base unit (10) for receiving the connection unit (96), in particular wherein the recess (46) is at least partially delimited by the first and / or second carrier element (11), and / or in that the electrical connection (40) comprises a heating connection (45), which is connected to the electrical heating means (20), and / or a data connection (36) which is connected to the detection means (30), and / or in that the electrical connection (40) is arranged in an edge region (12) of the base unit (10), in particular wherein the electrical heating means (20) is connected to the electrical connection (40) by at least one conductor track (42) and / or wherein the electrical heating means (20) is arranged in a center region (13) of the first carrier element (11).

13. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical heating means (20) has a conductive heating element (23), by means of which the resistance element (21) is connected to the conductor track (42), in particular wherein the conductive heating element (23) is arranged directly on the first carrier element (11), and / or in that the conductor track (42) is connected to the first carrier element (11) in a materially bonded manner, in particular wherein the conductor track (42) is printed on the first carrier element (11).

14. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductor track (42), in particular in the edge region (12) of the base unit (10), is arranged circumferentially on the first carrier element (11).

15. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor elements (30.1) of the detection means (30) are arranged in the regular distribution pattern on the second base side (11.2) of the first carrier element (11) and / or on the second carrier element (11), and / or in that a plurality of resistance elements (21) of the electrical heating means (20) are arranged in a regular distribution pattern, in particular on the first base side (11.1) of the first carrier element (11) and / or on the second carrier element (11).

16. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means (30) is connected to at least one decentralized evaluation unit (32), in particular for processing sensor data of the detection means (30), in particular wherein each of the sensor elements (30.1) is connected to a respective decentralized evaluation unit (32) or wherein the decentralized evaluation unit (32) is connected to each of the sensor elements (30.1) of the heating mat (4).

17. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means (30) and / or the decentralized evaluation unit (32) can be connected to a central control unit (33).

18. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decentralized evaluation unit (32) is arranged on the first base side (11.1) or the second base side (11.2) of the first carrier element (11) on the base unit (10), in particular wherein the decentralized evaluation unit (32) is at least partially embedded in the sound-absorbing layer (50), and / or in that the base unit (10) has at least one data line (35) which is in communication with the detection means (30) and / or with the decentralized evaluation unit (32), in particular wherein the data line (35) is arranged on the first and / or second carrier element (11).

19. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decentralized evaluation unit (32) extends at least partially into a receiving opening of the intermediate element (16) and / or in that at least one sensor element (30.1) of the detection means (30) is connected to the data line (35) by the decentralized evaluation unit (32).

20. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decentralized evaluation unit (32) and / or the heating means (20) is electrically connected to the electrical connection (40) by a connection section (25), in particular at least one data line (35) and / or at least part of a conductor track (42) being formed by the connection section (25).

21. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of electrical connections (40), in particular for connection to an energy source (2) and / or to a control unit (22), are arranged in an edge region (12) of the base unit (10), in particular wherein a plurality of connection sections (25) extend from the decentralized evaluation unit (32), preferably in a cross-like manner, to the electrical connections (40).

22. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data line (35) has a ring section (35.1) running at least partially around a central region (13) of the base unit (10), in particular wherein the data line (35) has a supply section (35.2) which is arranged at least partially in the central region (13), and / or in that the data line (35) is connected to a data connection (36) which is accessible from outside the base unit (10), in particular wherein the data line (35) can be connected to the central control unit (33) through the data connection (36).

23. Heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data line (35) is connected via the ring section (35.1) to a plurality of data connections (36), which are arranged in an edge region (12) of the base unit (10), and / or in that the electrical heating means (20) and / or the conductor track (42) and / or the data line (35) and / or the detection means (30) has a precious metal, in particular silver.

24. Surface heating system (1.1) for heating a room (101) of a building (100), characterized in that at least one heating mat (4) according to one of the preceding claims is laid flat on a structural element (102) of the building (100).

25. Method (200) for manufacturing a heating mat (4) according to one of claims 1 to 23 for a surface heating system (1.1), in particular for heating a room (101) of a building (100), comprising the following steps: - provision (201) of a first carrier element (11), which has a planar extension with a first base side (11.1) and a second base side (11.2), - creation (203) of a flexible base unit (10), wherein an electrical heating means (20) is applied (204) to the first base side (11.1) of the first carrier element (11), so that at least the base unit (10) can be laid over a large area to form the surface heating system (1.1).