External thermal insulation composite system, facade with the external thermal insulation composite system and method for its construction

Description

[0001] This document relates to a thermal insulation composite system, a facade with the thermal insulation composite system, a method for installing the thermal insulation composite system.

[0002] It is necessary to protect the shell of a building (hereinafter referred to as the building envelope) against the effects of the elements. Furthermore, the building envelope must also meet legal requirements for thermal insulation (and, if necessary, sound insulation). Finally, the building envelope should also meet aesthetic requirements, at least in the visible part, also referred to as the facade.

[0003] Traditionally, the building envelope is formed by facing brickwork or a layer of plaster. In more modern buildings, curtain walls according to DIN EN 13830 (2003-11), ventilated facades according to DIN 18516-1, and external thermal insulation composite systems according to DIN 55699 are increasingly being used.

[0004] This document concerns external thermal insulation composite systems. In an external thermal insulation composite system, the supporting structure, usually constructed as a solid wall, is fully covered with an insulating material. The insulating material can consist of, for example, plant, animal, or mineral fibers, mineral foams, or foamed plastics. The insulating material is then protected against the effects of weather and damage by an external (facade) cladding. The cladding is applied directly adjacent to the insulating material without a gap. In external thermal insulation composite systems, the state-of-the-art cladding usually consists of a render, which can be applied in multiple layers and can also be painted. In conventional external thermal insulation composite systems, the cladding is usually supported by the insulating material, meaning that the cladding is generally not self-supporting.

[0005] Unlike thermal insulation composite systems, curtain walls and ventilated facades generally have a support system that is separate from the actual cladding (and in particular from a render and / or reinforcing mesh), which is often in the form of battens and / or support profiles. This support system, which is generally continuous horizontally and / or vertically across the entire facade, is either self-supporting or is fully or partially supported by the supporting structure. The support system then carries the actual cladding. Such a conventional "suspended facade cladding"is known from documents EP 2 182 125 A2 and WO 2012 / 143035 A1. Also known from WO 2012 / 143035 A1 is a reinforcing element for forming a solid base for a mounting element on thermal insulation. Fastening profiles are supported by the reinforcing element via a mounting bracket, which supports the cladding spaced apart from the thermal insulation. This support system, which is continuous horizontally and / or vertically across the entire facade, is missing in conventional thermal insulation composite systems. In conventional thermal insulation composite systems, the cladding is supported by the supporting structure via the insulation material without an additional support system.

[0006] From the document DE 299 20 332 U1 a fastening device is known which allows a component (such as a trellis bracket, an awning, a canopy or a lamp) to be fastened to a facade with a thermal insulation composite system.

[0007] With the above-mentioned thermal insulation composite system, it must be ensured that no system components can detach from the supporting structure and fall down, even under high wind loads. Another problem is that, depending on its thickness and the material used, the insulation often has only a low load-bearing capacity on the sides facing away from the supporting structure. Accordingly, the thickness of the cladding is often chosen so thin that the cladding can just barely be supported by the insulation, but this results in a low compressive strength of the cladding.

[0008] Alternatively, it is also known to choose the thickness of the cladding so that it is self-supporting, but this involves considerable material usage and therefore costs. Furthermore, the thickness of the cladding must then be adjusted to the building height. An example of such a self-supporting cladding is a clinker wall placed in front of the insulation.

[0009] Document US 2005 / 0278934 A1 discloses an aid for drilling oblique holes at a defined angle.

[0010] Accordingly, thermal insulation composite systems often require building approval.

[0011] Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation composite system and a method for constructing the same, which enable the provision of a structurally self-supporting cladding with minimal material usage. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation composite system and a method for constructing the same, which allow the cladding of the system to be coated variably, in particular with ceramic materials.

[0012] The above objects are achieved by combining the features of the independent claims. Preferred developments can be found in the dependent claims. The present invention relates to a thermal insulation composite system having the features of claim 1 and a method for producing a facade having the features of claim 11.

[0013] According to embodiments, a thermal insulation composite system comprises an (arbitrary) insulating material, a (facade) cladding, and fastening means. The fastening means are designed to fasten the cladding to a supporting structure of a building such that the insulating material is arranged between the cladding and the supporting structure on an outer side of the building. The supporting structure itself is not part of the thermal insulation composite system. The fastening means comprise anchors of a first type. This designation was chosen in order to be able to distinguish the anchors of the first type from subsequently introduced anchors of a second type. Each anchor of the first type comprises one (optionally exactly one) rigid first base body and two (optionally exactly two) straight bars (each extending along a straight line over their entire length). In the unassembled state, the first base body and the two bars are separate components. In this context, a "stare"A basic body is understood to be a body that does not deform when subjected to forces such as are to be expected during intended use. However, under forces greater than those to be expected during intended use, plastic and / or elastic deformation of the body should be possible. The first basic body has a first opening in a first section, which is assigned to a first of the two bars. Furthermore, the first basic body has a second opening in a second section different from the first section, which is assigned to a second of the two bars. Surface normals to the first section and the second section of the first basic body enclose an angle of between 10° and 30°, or between 15° and 25°, or 20°.In order to be able to determine the surface normals, the first basic body is flat in the first and second sections, at least in the vicinity of the first and second openings. The first basic body can also be flat throughout the entire first and second sections. The first basic body therefore has an angled profile in cross-section. The edges around which the basic body is angled can be parallel to one another. The first and second sections of the first basic body thus each define planes that intersect at an angle of between 10° and 30°, or between 15° and 25°, or 20°. The first bar and the second bar of the anchor of the first type can be identical or different.Since the first and second openings assigned to the two bars are formed in sections of the first base body that enclose a predetermined constant angle with each other, the two bars also enclose a predetermined constant angle with each other when assembled. This allows forces acting in different directions to be diverted in a defined manner using the first type of anchor. As a result, a cladding held by the fastening means is statically self-supporting in itself (and thus independent of its height and independent of any insulation material used) (without any contribution from the insulation material being required). Since each square meter of cladding area is thus independent of the surrounding cladding area and independent of the insulation material itself, cladding areas of any size can be provided without the need for a new static assessment.Furthermore, it is therefore not necessary to adapt the cladding to the load-bearing capacity of the insulation material used, and vice versa. Consequently, the insulation material can be chosen arbitrarily. Even in cases where the load-bearing capacity of the insulation material decreases over time (e.g., due to partial removal or degradation by small animals), this has no negative impact on the self-supporting properties of the cladding.

[0014] According to the invention, the anchor of the first type further comprises a rigid second base body with an opening associated with the first rod. This second base body defines a single plane or mutually parallel planes and is thus not angled, but entirely flat. In the simplest case, the second base body can be a plate, disc, or flat bowl with a (optionally central) hole. In the case of a bowl, the base of the bowl and the edge of the bowl each define parallel planes.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the fastening means further comprise anchors of a second type, wherein each anchor of the second type comprises one (optionally exactly one) rigid third base body and one (optionally exactly one) straight third bar. The third base body has an opening assigned to the third bar. This third base body defines a plane or planes parallel to one another and is thus not angled, but flat. In the simplest case, the third base body can be a plate, disc, or flat bowl with an (optionally central) hole. Compared to the exclusive use of anchors of the first type, the simultaneous use of both anchors of the first type and anchors of the second type has the advantage that the anchors of the second type can be more easily attached to the supporting structure of a building, since they require only one (third) bar.However, anchors of the second type can primarily absorb forces acting in the direction of extension of the associated third bars. Forces acting transversely to the direction of extension of the third bars can only be absorbed to the extent permitted by the load-bearing capacity of the third bars relative to their respective lengths. Optionally, the third bar of the second-type anchor is identical in design to the first and / or second bar of the first-type anchor. However, it can also differ from the first and / or second bar.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the bars of the anchors of the first type and / or the bars of the anchors of the second type are rigid.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the fastening means comprise anchors of the first type and anchors of the second type per square meter of cladding surface in a ratio such that there are between two and eight anchors of the second type for each anchor of the first type, or between three and five anchors of the second type for each anchor of the first type, or four anchors of the second type for each anchor of the first type. Such a ratio allows the forces typically acting on one square meter of cladding surface to be transferred to the supporting structure to such an extent that the cladding surface is statically self-supporting, while simultaneously ensuring that the cladding is sufficiently pressure-stable across its entire surface.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the first, second, and third base bodies of the anchors of the first and / or second type are made of sheet metal or deep-drawn sheet metal. Such base bodies can be manufactured cost-effectively from a wide variety of sheet metals, such as tinplate, galvanized sheet metal, or stainless steel sheet metal. By selecting the material and / or the thickness of the sheet metal and / or by incorporating beads and / or edge bevels during a deep-drawing process, the strength of the respective base body can be adjusted such that the base body behaves like a rigid body when subjected to forces that would be expected during intended use.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the first, second, and third base bodies of the first and / or second type of anchors can be connected in a force-fitting manner to the rods guided through the respective openings. This can be done, for example, by screwing, clamping, or welding. It is also possible to provide the rods with a snap connector onto which the opening of a respective anchor can be plugged and which locks elastically after the anchor is plugged in.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the cladding comprises a reinforcing fabric that can be force-fitted to the first and second type of anchors. The use of a reinforcing fabric significantly increases the surface stability of a cladding. If the reinforcing fabric is also force-fitted to the anchors, the construction of a structurally self-supporting cladding is made considerably easier, even with a thin cladding.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the fastening means further comprise washers and screws or nuts. The washers and screws or nuts can be made of plastic or metal, and in particular of stainless steel. In this case, a diameter of the washers is in each case larger than a mesh size of the reinforcing mesh. Preferably, a diameter of the washers is in each case at least ten times or at least five times a mesh size of the reinforcing mesh. According to one embodiment, however, a diameter of the washers is smaller than a diameter of the second and / or third base bodies. Furthermore, a washer can be fastened to an anchor by means of a screw or nut in such a way that the reinforcing mesh is arranged between the second or third base body of the respective anchor and the washer. The screw or nut can be screwed directly to the anchor.Alternatively, the bolt or nut can be screwed to a rod belonging to the anchor, thus indirectly connecting the washer to the anchor. As an alternative to attaching the washer to the anchor with a bolt or nut, the washer can also be attached to the anchor or the rod using a snap connection formed on the anchor or on a rod belonging to the anchor.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the reinforcing fabric is made of glass fibers or carbon fibers. Such fibers allow for a high tensile load relative to their weight. According to one embodiment, the reinforcing fabric has a mesh size of between 1 mm by 1 mm and 40 mm by 40 mm, and in particular between 2 mm by 2 mm and 20 mm by 20 mm, and further in particular between 3 mm by 3 mm and 10 mm by 10 mm. Alternatively, a nonwoven fabric can also be used as the reinforcing fabric.

[0023] According to one embodiment, in addition to the reinforcing mesh, the cladding further comprises a reinforcing mortar into which the reinforcing mesh can be embedded. The reinforcing mortar layer thickness is between 5 mm and 30 mm, or between 10 mm and 25 mm, or between 15 mm and 20 mm. The reinforcing mesh is preferably embedded centrally in the reinforcing mortar.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the cladding can then further comprise a ceramic covering, which, after the reinforcing mortar has hardened, can be bonded to the mortar in such a way that the reinforcing mortar is arranged between the ceramic covering and the insulation material. The use of a ceramic covering is possible because the cladding forms a statically self-supporting surface in front of the insulation material, which is reliably held by the anchors.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation composite system is free of an additional support system for the reinforcing mesh and the reinforcing mortar beyond the anchors of the first and / or second type and the insulation material.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the (first, second, and / or third) rods are threaded rods. According to one embodiment, the threaded rods can be screwed to dowels arranged in bores in the supporting structure. According to one embodiment, the dowels and / or rods are made of plastic to prevent cold bridges. According to an alternative embodiment, the dowels and / or rods are made of metal, in particular stainless steel. According to one embodiment, to prevent cold bridges, the rods have plastic sleeves screwed to the rods, said sleeves having two aligned internal threads separated from one another by a plastic wall.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the first, second and / or third rods are rotationally symmetrical with the exception of a possible thread.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the insulating material consists of plant, animal or mineral fibers, mineral foams or foamed plastics.

[0029] In a facade with a thermal insulation composite system as described above, according to embodiments the insulation material is glued to a supporting structure. Furthermore, for each square meter of facade area, a group of anchors of the second type is arranged along the circumference of a circle or a polygon or a regular polygon or a regular convex polygon and is force-fittingly connected to the supporting structure. According to one embodiment, the group of anchors of the second type comprises between two and eight anchors. If only two anchors of the second type are provided, they are arranged along a straight line. Finally, for each square meter of facade area, one anchor of the first type is arranged at the centroid of the circle or polygon, along whose circumference the anchors of the second type are arranged, and is force-fittingly connected to the supporting structure.If only two anchors of the second type are provided, the anchor of the first type is arranged centrally between the anchors of the second type along a straight line connecting the anchors of the second type.

[0030] According to one embodiment, in the projecting façade, adjacent anchors of the second type are spaced apart in the horizontal direction by a regular distance of between 20 cm and 80 cm, or by a regular distance of between 40 cm and 60 cm, or by a regular distance of 50 cm. According to one embodiment, in the projecting façade, adjacent anchors of the second type are spaced apart in the vertical direction by a regular distance of between 20 cm and 80 cm, or by a regular distance of between 40 cm and 60 cm, or by a regular distance of 50 cm.

[0031] According to one embodiment, in the projecting façade, adjacent anchors of the first type are spaced apart in the horizontal direction by a regular distance of between 70 cm and 130 cm, or by a regular distance of between 90 cm and 110 cm, or by a regular distance of 100 cm. According to one embodiment, in the projecting façade, adjacent anchors of the first type are spaced apart in the vertical direction by a regular distance of between 70 cm and 130 cm, or by a regular distance of between 90 cm and 110 cm, or by a regular distance of 100 cm.

[0032] A tool that can be used to construct a facade with a thermal insulation composite system comprises a panel with a first flat side and a second flat side opposite the first flat side. The tool is not part of the claimed subject matter.

[0033] The plate has two spaced-apart first and second openings which extend between the first and second flat sides and thus each penetrate the plate in the thickness direction. The openings can be bores, for example. On the first flat side, the plate has a first hollow bar whose opening is aligned with the first opening. The first hollow bar forms a right angle with the first flat side. On the second flat side, the plate has a second hollow bar whose opening is aligned with the second opening. The second hollow bar forms a smallest angle of between 60° and 80° or of 70° with the second flat side.

[0034] If the aid is used to construct a façade as described above, a free diameter of the first and second hollow bars is a maximum of 10% greater than or equal to an outer diameter of the bars connected to the anchors of the first type.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the aid, the length of the first hollow rod is between 0.5 cm and 2 cm, and the length of the second hollow rod is between 5 cm and 15 cm, or between 8 cm and 12 cm, or 10 cm. Thus, the length of the second hollow rod is a multiple of the length of the first hollow rod.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the aid, a distance between the first opening and the second opening is between 5 mm and 30 mm or between 10 mm and 20 mm. If the aid is used to construct a facade as described above, a distance between the first opening and the second opening in the plate of the aid is equal to the distance between the first opening and the second opening of the first base plate of the first-type anchor.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the aid, straight lines defined by the first hollow rod and the second hollow rod intersect.

[0038] Embodiments of a method for producing a facade as described above using the aid described above comprise the following steps: Bonding an (arbitrary) insulating material to a supporting structure. Drilling between two and eight holes of the first type per square meter through the insulating material into the supporting structure, wherein the holes of the first type are oriented perpendicular to the supporting structure and arranged along the circumference of a circle or polygon or regular polygon or regular convex polygon; if only holes of the first type are provided, they are arranged along a straight line.Drilling one second-type hole per square meter through the insulation material into the supporting structure, wherein the second-type hole is oriented perpendicular to the supporting structure and is located in the area of ​​the centroid of the circle or polygon along whose circumference the first-type holes are arranged; if only two first-type holes are provided, the second-type hole is located centrally between the first-type holes along a straight line connecting the first-type holes. Screwing straight rods into the first-type and second-type holes in the supporting structure. According to one embodiment, a suitable dowel is previously placed in the holes in the supporting structure.Placing the first hollow bar of the auxiliary device over the bar screwed into the second type of bore in such a way that the second opening with the second hollow bar is arranged vertically below or above the first opening with the first hollow bar and the second hollow bar is arranged on the flat side of the auxiliary device facing away from the insulation material. Drilling one third type of bore per square meter through the insulation material into the supporting structure using the second hollow bar of the auxiliary device as a guide for a drill such that the bore forms a smallest angle of between 60° and 80° or 70° with the supporting structure. Screwing straight bars into the third type of bore in the supporting structure. According to one embodiment, a suitable dowel is previously arranged in the bores in the supporting structure. Force-locking connection of the first base bodies to the bars assigned to the second and third type of bores.According to one embodiment, this force-fitting connection is achieved by screwing, welding, or a snap connection. A first layer of reinforcing mortar is applied to the insulation material, the thickness of the first layer being at least 5 mm. In this embodiment, the insulation material and reinforcing mortar are thus adapted to one another such that the insulation material can support the first layer of reinforcing mortar. A reinforcing mesh is arranged adjacent to the still-fresh reinforcing mortar and the reinforcing mesh is force-fittingly fastened to the anchors of the first type and the anchors of the second type. According to one embodiment, this force-fitting fastening is achieved by screwing, welding, or a snap connection.According to one embodiment, this force-fitting fastening is achieved using second and third base bodies and washers, with the reinforcing mesh being arranged between the second and third base bodies and a washer in each case. The diameter of the washer is then larger than a mesh size of the reinforcing mesh and adapted to a diameter of the second and third base bodies. A second layer of reinforcing mortar is applied to the reinforcing mesh and the still fresh first layer of reinforcing mortar, the layer thickness of the second layer being at least 5 mm. In this way, the reinforcing mesh is embedded in the reinforcing mortar.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises bonding a ceramic covering to the second layer of reinforcing mortar after the reinforcing mortar has hardened. According to an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises bonding a covering made of wood, natural stone, artificial stone, sheet metal, or glass to the second layer of reinforcing mortar after the reinforcing mortar has hardened.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the covering is then grouted.

[0041] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to figures. Figure 1 schematically shows a cross section through a facade with a thermal insulation composite system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 schematically shows a plan view of a facade in the thermal insulation composite system of Figure 1used first base body; Figure 3 schematically shows a side view and a top view of a thermal insulation composite system of Figure 1 used spacers; Figure 4 schematically shows a plan view of a spacer used in the thermal insulation composite system of Figure 1 used second and third basic body; Figure 5 schematically shows the construction of the facade from Figure 1 drilled holes; Figure 6 schematically shows a partially cut-out perspective view of the facade from Figure 1 ; Figure 7 schematically shows a partially cutaway perspective view of a part of the facade made of Figure 1 used first aid; and Figure 8 schematically shows a partially cutaway perspective view of a Figure 1 used second aid.

[0042] In the following, with reference to Figures 1 to 4the structure of a facade with a thermal insulation composite system according to an embodiment of the present invention and the components used therein are explained.

[0043] As can be seen from the Figure 1 As can be seen from the cross-section shown, the facade 1 consists of insulation material 2 glued to a supporting structure 4 and a (facade) cladding 3, which is held by anchors A1, A2.

[0044] In the example shown in the figure, the supporting structure 4 is a solid concrete exterior wall of a building, and the insulating material 2 is a block of mineral wool. The thickness of the insulating material 2, and thus the distance between the cladding 3 and the supporting structure 4, is 20 cm. However, the thickness and type of the insulating material 3 used is of secondary importance for the cladding according to the invention, so any insulating material of any thickness can be used.

[0045] In the embodiment shown, two different types of anchors, namely anchors of a first type A1 and anchors of a second type A2, are used to make the cladding statically self-supporting.

[0046] The anchors of the first type A1 are characterized in that they have first and second rods 51 and 56, which are connected in a force-locking manner via a rigid first base body 55.

[0047] The rigid first base body 55, which in the embodiment shown is an elongated strip of stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 2 mm, is in Figure 2 shown in plan view. As can be seen from a summary of the Figures 1 and 2The rigid first base body 55 is folded along two spaced-apart and parallel bending edges K1, K2. The bending edges thus define two sections 551 and 552, within which the first base body 55 is planar. Both sections 551, 552 each have openings 553, 554. In the embodiment shown, a first opening 553 in the first section 551 has a hexagonal opening cross-section and is thus closed in the circumferential direction, whereas a second opening 554 in the second section 552 is a recess open to an end face 555 of the first base body 55. Surface normals to the first and second sections 551, 552 of the first base body 55 enclose an angle of 20° with one another in the embodiment shown.Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, the first and second openings 553, 554 are arranged in the first base body 55 such that surface normals to the first and second sections 551, 552 intersect in the region of the first and second openings 553, 554.

[0048] A tool engagement of a plastic sleeve 59 of the first rod 51, explained in more detail below, penetrates the first opening 553 in the first section 551 of the first base body 55 such that the first rod 51 is perpendicular to the first section 551. Accordingly, the second rod 56 penetrates the second opening 554 in the second section 552 of the first base body 55 such that the second rod 56 is perpendicular to the second section 552. Due to the multiple folding of the first base body 55, the two first and second rods 51, 56 then also form an angle of 20° with one another.

[0049] The first rod 51 is screwed to the supporting structure 4 in a borehole B2 in such a way that it is oriented perpendicularly to the supporting structure 4. The second rod 56 is correspondingly screwed to the supporting structure 4 in a borehole B3 in such a way that it forms an angle α of 70° with the supporting structure 4. Together with the supporting structure 4 and the first base body 55, the first and second rods 51, 56 of the anchor of the first type A1 thus form a triangle which is capable of absorbing forces acting on the first base body 55 perpendicular to the supporting structure 4 as well as in the vertical direction of Figure 1 to dissipate forces acting on the first base body 55.

[0050] In the embodiment shown, the first and second rods 51, 56 are each threaded rods made of stainless steel with an outer diameter of 10 mm, which are threaded via threaded rods inserted into bores B2, B3 in the supporting structure 4 (in Figure 1 not shown) dowels are connected to the supporting structure 4. In Figure 1the first and second bars 51, 56 each penetrate 7 cm into the supporting structure 4.

[0051] To prevent thermal bridging, the first rod 51 in the illustrated embodiment carries a cylindrical plastic sleeve 59 at its end not connected to the supporting structure 4. The sleeve has two aligned internal threads separated from each other by a plastic wall. One of the internal threads is screwed onto the first rod 51. For this purpose, the plastic sleeve 59 has a tool engagement portion with a hexagonal cross-section surrounding the other internal thread. This tool engagement portion penetrates the first opening 553 in the first section 551 of the first base body 55.

[0052] Rods with such plastic sleeves can be sold under the name distance system "Thermax" (protected trademark) 12 / 16 from fischerwerke GmbH & Co. KG, Klaus-Fischer-Straße 1, 72178 Waldachtal, Germany.

[0053] After inserting the first base body 55 onto the tool attachment of the plastic sleeve 59 screwed to the first rod 51, the tool attachment of the Figure 3 The spacer 53 shown on the left in side view and on the right in plan view is placed on the spacer, which also has an opening 531 with a hexagonal cross section. The spacer 53 carries a Figure 4 The second base body 58, shown in plan view, is made of 1 mm thick stainless steel sheet with a centrally located opening 581 in the form of a bore. The second base body 58 has the shape of a flat, rigid, bowl-shaped disc with a 4 mm high rim.

[0054] The length of the first and second rods 51, 56 is adapted to the material thickness of the insulating material 2 such that the first base body 55 is embedded in the insulating material 2 and the second base body 58 rests flush on the insulating material 2 without pressure.

[0055] A first layer of reinforcing mortar 32 with a thickness of 5 mm is arranged on the insulation material 2, which carries a reinforcing mesh 31. In the embodiment shown, the reinforcing mortar 32 is Sopro renovation and leveling mortar. "R.A.M 3" (registered trademark) and the reinforcement mesh 31 um under the designation "Sopro PanzerGewebe eXtra - PG-X 1188" Available fiberglass mesh. Both products are available from Sopro Bauchemie GmbH in 65102 Wiesbaden. Instead of a fiberglass mesh, a carbon fiber mat, for example, can also be used.

[0056] A stainless steel screw 52 is screwed into the second internal thread of the plastic sleeve 59, facing away from the first rod 51. This screw 52 penetrates a cap-shaped washer 54 and the reinforcing mesh 31, thus holding the reinforcing mesh 31 between the second base body 58 and the washer 54. As can be seen, the diameters of the second base body 58 and the washer 54 are considerably larger than the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh 31 and are adapted to one another such that a diameter of the washer 54 is smaller than a diameter of the second base body 58.

[0057] The free end of the second rod 56 facing away from the supporting structure 4 is inserted into the second opening 554 in the first base body 55 and is frictionally connected to the base body 55 via two nuts 57. However, to avoid thermal bridges, it is optionally possible to use a plastic sleeve here as well, as provided for the first rod 51.

[0058] The Figure 1The facade 1 shown further comprises an anchor of a second type A2. This differs from the anchor of the first type A1 in that no first base body 55 and no second rod 56 are provided. Accordingly, the anchor of the second type A2 has a third rod 61 in the form of a threaded rod, which is screwed vertically 7 cm deep to the supporting structure 4 via a bore B1, and which carries a plastic sleeve at its free end, as is also provided for the first rod 51. Here, too, the plastic sleeve carries, via a spacer 63, a third base body 68 made of 1 mm thick stainless steel sheet in the form of a flat, rigid, bowl-shaped disc with a 4 mm high rim with a centrally arranged opening 681 in the form of a bore.Here, too, a stainless steel screw 62 is screwed into the second internal thread of the plastic sleeve facing away from the third rod 61. This screw 62 penetrates a cap-shaped washer 64 and the reinforcing mesh 31, thus holding the reinforcing mesh 31 between the third base body 68 and the washer 64. The third rod 61, the plastic sleeve, the spacer 63, the third base body 68, the stainless steel screw 62, and the washer 64 are constructed identically to the first rod 51 with the associated plastic sleeve, the spacer 53, the second base body 58, the stainless steel screw 52, ​​and the washer 54, so reference is made to the above.

[0059] A second layer of reinforcing mortar 32 with a thickness of 15 mm is arranged on the reinforcing mesh 31, in which the stainless steel screws 52, 62 and the cap-shaped washers 54, 64 are embedded and which carries a ceramic covering 33 in the form of tiles via a tile adhesive (not shown).

[0060] In the following, with reference to Figures 5 to 8 a method for producing a facade as described above and the aids used in this process are explained.

[0061] First, any insulation material 3 is glued to the supporting structure 4.

[0062] Anchors for the (facade) cladding must then be installed. To achieve structurally self-supporting cladding 3, it is important that for each anchor of the first type A1, between two and eight anchors of the second type A2 are present per square meter of facade area. The required ratio depends in particular on the specific design of the cladding and thus on whether, for example, the cladding is to support a ceramic covering or not. The load-bearing capacity of the insulation material plays a subordinate role at best. In the embodiment described here, four anchors of the second type A2 per anchor of the first type A1 have proven sufficient.

[0063] Figure 5 provides the necessary materials for the construction of the facade Figure 1 after bonding the insulation material 3 to the supporting structure 4, the holes are shown schematically. The square boxes in dashed lines each represent one square meter of facade area.

[0064] First, in the embodiment shown, four holes of the first type B1 are drilled into the insulation material 3 and the supporting structure 4 per square meter of facade area. These holes are each arranged in the corners of a square with an edge length of 50 cm.

[0065] To set these holes of the first type B1 perpendicular to the supporting structure 4, one can use the Figure 8 The tool 8 consists of a flat, square plate 81 with a side length of 20 cm, which has a central penetration 82. A hollow rod 84 is provided perpendicular to the plate 81, the opening of which is aligned with the penetration 82 in the plate 81. The plate 81 and the hollow rod 82 are made of metal. The plate 81 of the tool 8 is placed flat on the insulation material 3 at the desired position. The hollow rod 82 can then be used as a guide for a drill (not shown).

[0066] A second type of hole B2 is then drilled at the centroid of the square defined by the first type of hole B1. The second type of hole B2 is then arranged in the corners of squares with a side length of 100 cm. Since the second type of hole B2 should also be oriented perpendicular to the supporting structure 4, tool 8 can be used for this purpose.

[0067] Subsequently, the first and third rods 51, 61 are screwed to the supporting structure 4, for which purpose dowels can first be inserted into the supporting structure 4. The first and third rods 51, 61 each carry a plastic sleeve 59, 69 with a hexagonal tool attachment at their free ends.

[0068] In order to set the holes of the third type B3 required for the second bars 56 of the anchors of the first type A1, one can use the Figure 7 Use the additional tool 7 shown.

[0069] The further aid 7 consists of a flat, rectangular plate 71 having two opposite, parallel first and second flat sides. The plate 71 has two first and second openings 72, 73 spaced 20 mm apart. On the first flat side, the plate 71 has a 10 mm long first hollow rod 74, the opening of which is aligned with the first opening 72. On the opposite second flat side, the plate 71 has a 10 cm long second hollow rod 75, the opening of which is aligned with the second opening 73. The first hollow rod 74 and the second hollow rod 75 are oriented such that the first hollow rod 74 forms a right angle with the first flat side, and the second hollow rod 75 forms a smallest angle of 70° with the second flat side, and defined straight lines intersect between the first and second hollow rods 74, 75.A free cross-section of the first hollow rod 74 is adapted to the tool attack of the plastic sleeve.

[0070] The first hollow rod 74 of the additional tool 8 is placed onto the tool attachment of the plastic sleeve 59 screwed to the first rod 51 such that the plate 71 rests flat on the insulation material 3 and the second hollow rod 74 is arranged vertically above or below the first opening 72. The second hollow rod 74 can then be used as a guide for a drill (not shown). Due to the guidance of the drill, the third type of holes B3 also form a minimum angle of 70° with the supporting structure 4.

[0071] Subsequently, the second bars 56 are screwed to the supporting structure 4, for which dowels can first be inserted into the supporting structure 4.

[0072] Now, the first opening 553 of the first base body 55 can be pushed onto the tool engagement of the plastic sleeve screwed to the first rod 51 such that the second rod 56 is arranged in the second opening 554 of the first base body 55. The first base body 55 can then be force-fitted to the second rod 56 by means of the nuts 57.

[0073] Subsequently, spacers 53, 63 are placed on the tool grips of the plastic sleeves 59, 69 screwed to the first and third rods 51, 61, and a first layer of reinforcing mortar 32 with a layer thickness of 5 mm is applied to the insulation material 2.

[0074] Now the second and third base bodies 58, 68 and a reinforcing mesh 31 are arranged adjacent to the still fresh first layer of reinforcing mortar 32.

[0075] The reinforcement mesh 31 is fastened to the anchors of the first and second type A1, A2 by means of the screws 52, 62 and washers 54, 64 via the plastic sleeves 59, 69, before a second layer of reinforcement mortar 32 with a layer thickness of 10 mm is applied to the still fresh first layer of reinforcement mortar 32 in such a way that the screws 52, 62 and washers 54, 64 are completely embedded in the reinforcement mortar 32. This is shown schematically in Figure 6 shown.

[0076] After the reinforcing mortar 32 has hardened, the (facade) cladding 1 thus formed is statically self-supporting and can be covered with a ceramic covering 33 using a suitable tile adhesive (not shown). A suitable tile adhesive can be found under the designation "megaFlex TX - MEG 667" can be purchased from Sopro Bauchemie GmbH in 65102 Wiesbaden.

Claims

1. Thermal insulation composite system (1), having: insulating material (2), a cladding (3) and fastening means (41-47, 51-54), wherein the fastening means (51-58, 61-68) are configured to fasten the cladding (3) to a supporting structure (4) of a building such that the insulating material (2) is arranged externally on the building between the cladding (3) and the supporting structure (4), wherein the fastening means (51-58, 61-68) comprise anchors of a first type (A1), wherein each anchor of the first type (A1) comprises a rigid first base body (55) and two straight rods (51, 56), wherein the first base body (55) has, in a planar first portion (551), a first opening (553) which is allocated to a first rod (51) of the two rods (51, 56), wherein the first base body (55) has, in a planar second portion (552), a second opening (554) which is allocated to a second rod (56) of the two rods (51, 56), and wherein surface normals on the planar first portion (551) and the planar second portion (552) of the first base body (55) form an angle of between 10° and 30° or of between 15° and 25° or of 20° with one another, so that the base body (55) has an angled course in cross-section, wherein the anchor of the first type (A1) further comprises a rigid second base body (58), wherein the second base body 958) is planar and has an opening (581) which is allocated to the first rod (51).

2. Thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fastening means (51-58, 61-68) comprise anchors of a second type (A2), wherein each anchor of the second type (A2) comprises a rigid third base body (68) and a straight third rod (61), and wherein the third base body (68) is planar and has an opening (681) which is allocated to the third rod (61).

3. Thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fastening means (51-58, 61-68) comprise, per square meter of cladding surface, anchors of the first type (A1) and anchors of the second type (A2) in a ratio in which for each anchor of the first type (A1) there are between two and eight anchors of the second type (A2), or for each anchor of the first type (A1) there are between three and five anchors of the second type (A2), or for each anchor of the first type (A1) there are four anchors of the second type (A2).

4. Thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the base bodies (55, 58, 68) of the anchors of the first and / or second type (A1, A2) can be connected in a force-fitting manner to the rods (51, 56, 61) guided through the respective openings (553, 554, 581, 681).

5. Thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cladding (3) comprises a reinforcement fabric (31) formed in particular from glass fibres or carbon fibres. wherein the reinforcement fabric (31) can be connected in a force-fitting manner to the anchors of the first and second type (A1, A2).

6. Thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fastening means (51-58, 61-68) further comprise washers (54, 64) and screws or nuts (52, 62), wherein a diameter of the washers (54, 64) is in each case larger than a mesh width of the reinforcement fabric (31), and wherein in each case a washer (54, 64) can be fastened to an associated anchor (A1, A2) by means of a screw or nut (52, 62) in such a way that the reinforcement fabric (31) is arranged between the anchor and washer (54, 64).

7. Thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the cladding further comprises a reinforcement mortar (32), wherein the reinforcement fabric (31) is embedded into the reinforcement mortar (32), and wherein a layer thickness of the reinforcement mortar (32) is between 5 mm and 30 mm or between 10 mm and 25 mm or between 15 mm and 20 mm.

8. Thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cladding further comprises a ceramic covering (33), wherein, after the reinforcement mortar (32) has hardened, the ceramic covering (33) can be bonded thereto in such a way that the reinforcement mortar (32) is arranged between the ceramic covering (33) and the insulating material (2).

9. Façade having a thermal insulation composite system (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the insulating material (2) is bonded to a supporting structure (4), wherein a group of anchors of the second type (A2) is arranged per square meter of façade surface along the circumferential line of a circle or a polygon or a regular polygon or a regular convex polygon and is connected in a force-fitting manner to the supporting structure (4), and wherein one anchor of the first type (A1) per square metre of façade surface is arranged in the centre of area of the circle or polygon, along the circumferential line of which the anchors of the second type are arranged, and is connected in a force-fitting manner to the supporting structure (4).

10. Façade as claimed in claim 9, wherein mutually adjacent anchors of the second type (A2) are spaced apart in the horizontal direction and / or in the vertical direction by a distance of between 20 cm and 80 cm or by a distance of between 40 cm and 60 cm or by a distance of 50 cm; and / or wherein mutually adjacent anchors of the first type (A1) are spaced apart in the horizontal direction and / or in the vertical direction by a distance of between 70 cm and 130 cm or by a distance of between 90 cm and 110 cm or by a distance of 100 cm.

11. Method for producing a façade as claimed in any one of claims 9 or 10 using auxiliary means (7) for creating a façade, the auxiliary means (7) comprising: a plate (71) having a first flat side and a second flat side opposite the first flat side, wherein the plate (71) has two first and second openings (72, 73) which are spaced apart from one another and extend between the first flat side and second flat side, wherein the plate (71) has, on the first flat side, a first hollow rod (74), of which the opening is aligned with the first opening (72), and wherein the plate (71) has, on the second flat side, a second hollow rod (75), of which the opening is aligned with the second opening (73), wherein the first hollow rod (74) forms a right angle with the first flat side; and wherein the second hollow rod (75) forms a minimum angle of between 60° and 80° or of 70° with the second flat side, the method comprising the steps of: - bonding insulating material (2) to a supporting structure (4); - introducing between two and eight bores of the first type (B1) per square metre through the insulating material (2) into the supporting structure (4), wherein the bores of the first type (B1) are oriented perpendicularly to the supporting structure (4) and are arranged along the circumferential line of a circle or polygon or regular polygon or regular convex polygon; - introducing a bore of the second type (B2) per square metre through the insulating material (2) into the supporting structure (4), wherein the bore of the second type (B2) is oriented perpendicularly to the supporting structure (4) and is arranged in the region of the centre of area of the circle or polygon, along the circumferential line of which the bores of the first type (B1) are arranged; - screwing straight rods (51, 56, 61) in the bores of a first and second type (B1, B2) in the supporting structure (4); - fitting the first hollow rod (74) of the auxiliary means (7) over the rod (51) screwed in the bore of the second type (B2) in such a way that the second opening (73) with the second hollow rod (75) is arranged vertically below or above the first opening (72) with the first hollow rod (74) and the second hollow rod (75) is arranged on the flat side of the auxiliary means (7) facing away from the insulating material (2), - introducing a bore of the third type (B3) per square metre through the insulating material (2) into the supporting structure (4) by using the second hollow rod (75) as a guide for a drill bit such that the bore of the third type (B3) forms a minimum angle of between 60° and 80° or of 70° with the supporting structure (4); - screwing straight rods (56) in the bores of the third type (B3) in the supporting structure (4); - connecting the first base bodies (55) in a force-fitting manner to the rods (51, 56) which are allocated to the bores of the second and third type (B2, B3); - applying a first layer of reinforcement mortar (32) to the insulating material (2), wherein the layer thickness of the first layer is at least 5 mm; - arranging a reinforcement fabric (31) adjacent to the still fresh reinforcement mortar (32) and fastening the reinforcement fabric (31) in a force-fitting manner to the anchors of the first type (A1) using rigid second base bodies (58), wherein the second base bodies (58) are planar, and have an opening (581) which is allocated to the first rod (51) and to the anchors of the second type (A2); and - applying a second layer of reinforcement mortar (32) to the reinforcement fabric (31) and the still fresh first layer of reinforcement mortar (32), wherein the layer thickness of the second layer is at least 5 mm.

12. Method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising bonding a ceramic covering (33) to the second layer of reinforcement mortar (32) after the reinforcement mortar (32) has hardened.