TOOL INSERT FOR A MASTER FORMING TOOL AND MASTER FORMING TOOL EQUIPPED THEREWITH

Description

[0001] The subject of the invention is a tool insert for a primary forming tool, comprising a thermal insulator arranged on a base body, with a molding surface contacted by the molten material to be shaped, which is at least partially spaced from the base body of the tool insert by a thermal insulator.

[0002] During the injection molding of molded parts made of thermoplastic, thermosetting, or elastomeric materials, the previously plasticized material is introduced into the cavity of a master mold. The cavity of the master mold is formed by several molds (tool inserts) that can be separated from one another to demold the workpiece after it has cooled in the cavity. The surfaces of the molds that come into contact with the molding compound are referred to in this discussion as molding surfaces. The image of the molding surfaces defines the surface of the workpiece. The molding accuracy on the surface of the workpiece can be impaired by defects, for example, weld line notches, differences in gloss, or the formation of clouds and streaks. Such surface defects can arise from uneven contact surface temperatures of the molds. Similar phenomena can also be observed in the die casting of metals.

[0003] In order to improve the molding accuracy of the plastic melt introduced into the cavity of a mold, it is known to increase the mold wall temperature - i.e. the temperature of the molding surfaces of the molds - which improves the flowability of the plastic melt introduced into the cavity.

[0004] To control the temperature of such molds or tool inserts, they have temperature control channels through which appropriately tempered fluids, for example water or oil, are passed to keep the mold at a certain temperature, to heat it or to cool it to a certain temperature. If such molds are to have a higher temperature than the base temperature in certain areas, additional electrical heating cartridges or, in the case of a local temperature reduction, electrical cooling elements are arranged in recesses of the mold. Molds are also known in which the cooling elements ensure a defined cooling of the plastic melt and thus shorten the cooling process and therefore the cycle time. DE 197 35 031 A1 describes an injection molding device in which temperature elements, for exampleElectrical heating cartridges and cooling elements are inserted into recesses in the mold insert, which heat the mold insert during the injection phase of the plastic and after the mold cavity is filled, the cooling elements ensure a defined cooling of the plastic melt.

[0005] The basic principle of the concepts listed above is to increase the mold wall temperature by supplying additional heat energy. This results in additional energy costs, as well as investment costs for the required peripherals, such as heating elements and control units.

[0006] From DE 36 21 379 A1 a method and a device for eliminating flow line or weld line notches in injection-molded parts made of thermoplastic is known, in that during injection molding the plastic melt is kept close to the softening or crystallite melting temperature in the mold wall areas of the predeterminable flow lines and weld lines during mold filling until the mold filling is completed.

[0007] A generic plastic forming tool is known from DE 20 2006 004632 U1. In this previously known plastic forming tool, at least part of the surface of the cavity is formed by a ceramic tool insert. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of such a ceramic insert compared to the thermal conductivity of the base body of the tool insert, which is typically made of tool steel, the plastic melt cools more slowly on the surface of the ceramic insert. Consequently, cooling of the plastic melt is delayed, which can improve certain optical properties on the surface of the plastic object to be formed, for example, in areas where flow lines or weld lines would otherwise occur.

[0008] Although a wide variety of surface textures can be created with contact surfaces made of ceramic materials, the requirements for surface quality are limited. In the area of ​​multiply curved contours, the creation of high-gloss surfaces on ceramic materials, unlike metallic materials, is only possible with significant technical and, consequently, higher financial investment. Structuring, such as graining, is also only possible to a limited extent with ceramic materials.

[0009] DE 10 2014 223 161 A1 discloses a tool surface with a glass-like, particularly silicate-based, coating. This coating is an enamel or ceramic layer. The layer thickness is between 10 and 500 µm, with the specific thermal conductivity of the glass-like layer preferably being < 5 W / mK. The formation of surface structuring is not feasible with such coatings, or if at all, only with considerable technical effort.

[0010] To avoid the disadvantages resulting from DE 20 2006 004 632 U1, DE 20 2012 100 504 U1 proposes that the contact surface spaced from the tool block by the insulator be provided by the side of a tempering layer facing the tool cavity. The insulator is thus located beneath the tempering layer. The tempering layer has a thermal conductivity that corresponds to a multiple of the thermal conductivity of the insulator. The tempering layer is a metallic layer, applied, for example, by an electrolytic deposition process. Thus, in this previously known plastic primary forming tool, the surface provided by an insulator made of ceramic or polymer material and facing into the cavity of a primary forming tool is veneered by the tempering layer.In this way, the plastic mass to be shaped and injected into the cavity has metal contact over the entire molding surface of the tool insert, thus avoiding surface differences in the manufactured plastic product due to molding surfaces made of different materials and thus different molding qualities.

[0011] A tool insert for a primary forming tool according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from WO 2020 / 050851 A1.

[0012] Based on this discussed prior art, the object of the invention is to design the structure of a tool insert for a primary forming tool, for example, a plastic primary forming tool, which has an insulator at least in some areas on the molding surface side in such a way that this not only meets the requirements for delayed cooling in the area of ​​the insulator, but also simplifies the tool insert structure while still providing a particularly high quality of the mold. Furthermore, the freedom in designing the surface configuration of the molding surface should be restricted as little as possible despite the provision of insulators at least in some areas on the molding surface side.

[0013] This task is solved by a tool insert of the type mentioned above, in which the thermal insulator comprises a solid metallic glass.

[0014] The thermal insulator can be realized by being made entirely of solid metallic glass or by being manufactured as a composite insulator incorporating such a material. With this concept, it is possible for the insulator, particularly if made entirely of solid metallic glass, to form not only the actual insulator but also the material of the base body of the tool insert. In another possible embodiment, the insulator is connected to a base body made of a different material, for example, tool steel. In this embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the solid metallic glass is preferably lower than the thermal conductivity of the base body of the tool insert.

[0015] According to the invention, the composition of the metallic solid glass is not further restricted. A metallic solid glass is preferably an alloy with a critical casting thickness of at least one millimeter. This means that such an alloy can solidify amorphously up to the critical casting thickness.

[0016] Bulk metallic glass (BMG) is considered "bulk" when it reaches a critical thickness of at least 1 mm. This correlates with a crystallization peak at ~4 × 10 -3 < s in the time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram. This is shown, for example, in https: / / analyticalscience.wiley.com / do / 10.1002 / qitfach.16890 / full / especially in conjunction with Section 3.2.1 in BULKMETALLICGLASSE, SC. ​​Suryanarayana A. Inoue, CRC Press Taylor & Francis, 2011.

[0017] Metallic solid glasses are alloys that exhibit metallic bonding characteristics in the solid state while simultaneously possessing an amorphous, i.e., non-crystalline phase. The alloy can be based on various elements. "Based" in this context means that the respective element represents the largest proportion by weight of the alloy. Components that preferably form the basis of such an alloy can be selected, for example, from: A. Metals from group IA and IIA of the periodic table, e.g. magnesium, calcium, B. Metals from group IIIA and IVA, e.g. aluminum or gallium, C. Early transition metals from groups IVB to VIIIB, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, D. Late transition metals from groups VIIIB, IB, IIB, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, palladium, platinum, gold, silver, zinc, E. Rare earth metals, such as scandium, yttrium, terbium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, gadolinium and F. Non-metals, such as boron, carbon, phosphorus, silicon, germanium, sulfur.

[0018] The groups mentioned refer to the periodic table of elements.

[0019] Preferred combinations of elements in metallic solid glasses are selected from: late transition metals and non-metals, where the late transition metal is the base, for example Ni-P, Pd-Si, Au-Si-Ge, Pd-Ni-Cu-P, Fe-Cr-Mo-PCB, early and late transition metals, where both metals can be the base, such as Zr-Cu, Zr-Ni, Ti-Ni, Zr-Cu-Ni-Al, Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be, metals from group B with rare earth metals, where metal B is the base, such as Al-La, Al-Ce, Al-La-Ni-Co, La-(Al / Ga)-Cu-Ni, and metals from group A with late transition metals, where metal A is the base, such as Mg-Cu, Ca-Mg-Zn, Ca-Mg-Cu

[0020] Further, particularly preferred examples of alloys that form metallic bulk glasses are selected from the group consisting of Ni-Nb-Sn, Co-Fe-Ta-B, Ca-Mg-Ag-Cu, C-oFe-B-Si-Nb, Fe-Ga-(Cr,Mo)(P,C,B), Ti-Ni-Cu-Sn, Fe-Co-Ln-B, Co-(Al,Ga)-(P,B,Si), Fe-B-Si-Nb, and Ni-(Nb,Ta)-Zr-Ti. In particular, the metallic bulk glass can be a Zr-Cu-Al-Nb alloy. This Zr-Cu-Al-Nb alloy preferably contains, in addition to zirconium, 23.5-24.5% by weight of copper, 3.5-4.0% by weight of aluminum, and 1.5-2.0% by weight of niobium, with the weight proportions adding up to 100% by weight. The latter alloy is commercially available under the name AMZ4 ®< from Heraeus Deutschland GmbH. In another, particularly preferred embodiment, the solid glass-forming alloy can contain or consist of the elements zirconium, titanium, copper, nickel, and aluminum.Another particularly suitable alloy has the composition Zr 52.5 Ti 5 Cu 17.9 Ni 44.6 Al 10, where the indices indicate mol-% of the respective elements in the alloy.

[0021] In this tool insert, the thermal insulator consists of a solid metallic glass or at least contains one. In the latter case, it can be a composite insulator, for example, in which the side facing the cavity of the primary forming tool is made of solid metallic glass, while the composite partner is made of a different material, such as a ceramic.

[0022] In one embodiment, in which the thermal insulator comprising a metallic solid glass is made of a different material than that of the base body, the alloy of the metallic solid glass is selected to have a thermal conductivity that is lower than that of the base body of the tool insert, typically significantly lower than that of the base body. The tool insert or its base body of a plastic primary forming tool is typically made of tool steel. This has a thermal conductivity of approximately 30–46 W / mK. Thus, by selecting the alloy for producing the metallic solid glass and thus its thermal conductivity, the cooling delay of the molten mass introduced into the cavity on the molding surface of the tool insert can be adjusted.According to one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the metallic solid glass as an insulator is between 5 and 8 W / mK. The thermal conductivity of the metallic solid glass is preferably a factor of 8-10 lower than that of the base body of the tool insert. Such a difference in thermal conductivity is considered suitable for producing the insulator from metallic solid glass with a layer thickness that is not too great, while still achieving the desired cooling delay on the mold surface. Another advantage of designing the insulator as metallic solid glass or with the participation of such a material is that such an insulator can be produced with a relatively wide range of layer thicknesses. The insulator layer thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 cm - 10 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm - 5 cm.This information does not refer to the layer thickness after the original production of the metallic solid glass, but rather to the layer thickness of the finished insulator, i.e. the layer thickness of the insulator as part of the tool insert.

[0023] The primary layer thickness formed during the manufacturing process can be reduced by surface treatment in a subsequent step. This relatively large range in the thickness of the solid metallic glass can be used to influence the cooling delay of the molten mass introduced into the mold cavity at the cooling surface provided by the insulator of the tool insert, via the thickness of the insulator, in order to improve the surface quality of the object molded on the tool insert. The use of solid metallic glass for the manufacture or construction of the insulator also allows it to be designed with a different thickness across its surface area. By designing the mold surface with different thicknesses, different cooling delays can be achieved in certain areas with one and the same insulator.

[0024] A further particular advantage of an insulator designed in this way in a tool insert is that, since it is made of metal, a surface quality can be provided on the molding surface that corresponds to that of the rest of the tool insert, even if the entire molding surface of the tool insert is not provided by the insulator. Since it is also made of metal, the surface of such an insulator made of solid metallic glass can be machined in the same way as is known for molding surfaces of conventional tool inserts made of tool steel. In particular, surface machining, for example the introduction of a structure or the provision of a shiny or even high-gloss surface on the molding surface of the insulator, can be carried out together with the rest of the molding surface of the tool insert, should this only constitute a portion of the molding surface of the tool insert.Such machining can be performed by machining, for example, by milling, grinding, or the like. Other surface treatments are of course also possible. If structuring is applied, this can also be microstructuring. In contrast to ceramic insulators, when the tool insert is designed with an insulator containing solid metallic glass, arranged on a base body made of a different material, for example, tool steel, the thermal expansion coefficient of solid metallic glass is at least approximately the same as that of the tool steel used to manufacture the base body, and is in any case much more similar to the thermal expansion coefficient of a conventional ceramic insulator.Consequently, during thermal cycling of such a tool insert during operation of the master forming tool equipped with it, the occurrence of stresses that would otherwise impair the service life, especially of the insulator, is minimized. Solid metallic glass is also characterized by relatively high elasticity, which is also advantageous when it comes to the stresses on the mold surface within the cavity of a master forming tool. This can be particularly important in connection with the sometimes quite high injection pressures.

[0025] The insulator's design from solid metallic glass allows the two separately manufactured joining partners to be connected by clamping, form-fitting, gluing, or similar means, provided the base body of the tool insert is also made of metal. Optionally, the separately manufactured insulator can also be integrally bonded to the base body. However, it is preferable to ensure that the crystallization temperature of the solid metallic glass is not exceeded. When joining with heat input, such as welding, this is carried out in such a way that the amorphous structure of the solid metallic glass is affected as little as possible. Laser welding along the circumference is possible, with the laser beam directed at the edge area of ​​the base body adjacent to the insulator, so that material from the base body, rather than from the insulator—the solid metallic glass—is primarily melted.Due to the low thermal conductivity of the metallic solid glass, the heat-affected zone is significantly smaller than that of the base body.

[0026] Due to the electrical conductivity of such a solid metallic glass, the molding surface provided by the insulator can also be directly coated with an electrolytically deposited wear-resistant layer. The wear-resistant layer can, for example, comprise a material selected from metals, glasses, and ceramics. In particular, the wear-resistant layer can be a hard chrome layer. If this is intended and the molding surface of the insulator represents only a portion of the overall molding surface of the tool insert, it is advisable to uniformly coat the entire molding surface of the tool insert with such a wear-resistant layer. It is understood that wear-resistant layers can also be formed in other ways, for example, by sputtering, plasma coating, or the like.If the tool insert has one or more such metallic solid glass insulators, such a wear-resistant layer blends or compensates for the transition from the mold surface of such an insulator to the adjacent mold surface provided by the base body of the tool insert itself, typically made of tool steel, or a neighboring insulator. The mold surface, with which the molten mass to be molded comes into contact, is then homogeneous.

[0027] Such an insulator can be manufactured in different ways. The insulator can be manufactured as a separate component and then inserted into a suitably prepared recess in the base body of the tool insert on the side facing the cavity of the primary forming tool.

[0028] If the insulator is manufactured as a separate component, the insulator can be produced, for example, using additive manufacturing processes, Spark Plasma Sintering or manufactured by injection molding.

[0029] The insulator can also be a formed or stamped sheet metal, for example.

[0030] In another embodiment, the insulator can be applied directly to the base body. Suitable methods for direct application include additive manufacturing processes, typically 3D printing, and thermal spraying processes, such as cold gas spraying. The 3D printing process can, for example, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Selective Laser Sintering(SLS). Direct application is also possible when using a base body of the tool insert with sufficiently high thermal conductivity. In connection with such generative manufacturing, the sufficiently high thermal conductivity is required for the rapid cooling (quenching) of the molten alloy powder. In such a generative manufacturing process for creating the insulator, the latter can be created with internal structures, for example cavities, in particular fluid channels or the like. Fluid channels are typically designed as capillary channels, also called microfluidic channels, and are used during operation of the tool insert to pass through a temperature control fluid, typically a gas such as CO2. This measure can influence the temperature control of the insulator overall or just locally, depending on the design of the fluid channels and their fluid exposure.

[0031] In one possible embodiment of the invention, a generative process can be used to produce a base body and an insulator that exhibit a material property gradient, for example, a density gradient. This material property gradient can be used to adapt the thermal behavior of the tool insert.

[0032] From the group of alloys already mentioned above, a metallic solid glass of the alloy ZrCu24Al4Nb2 is suitable for providing the insulator.

[0033] A product is manufactured in a conventional manner using a primary forming tool and at least one such tool insert. The advantages resulting from the use of the tool with regard to the quality of the molding surface of the object formed in the primary forming tool, typically a plastic object, have already been described above. It is assumed that the reason for the special surface quality of the primary formed object is the delayed cooling due to the insulator made with the participation of solid metallic glass or entirely from this material. During the production of a finished or semi-finished plastic product, a plastic melt selected from the group of the materials: thermoset, elastomer and thermoplastic is introduced into such a primary forming tool and with the participation of at least one tool insert according to the invention and injected into an injection mold.Thermoplastics can be selected from the group consisting of semi-crystalline thermoplastics and amorphous thermoplastics. Examples include polyolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyamides, polystyrene, and others.

[0034] After the mass, for example the plastic mass, which has been shaped into the cavity of the primary forming tool has hardened, the tool is opened and the shaped finished product or semi-finished product is removed from the cavity.

[0035] In a further development of the method, after the previously described shaping of the molten mass, for example the plastic mass, introduced into the cavity, the cavity is modified in such a way that a cavity, typically a gap, is created between the surface prepared in the first step and the mold surface. In a second process step, an additional material is injected into this gap and formed on the mold surface provided by the tool inserts. This gap can be only a few micrometers. The additionally injected material can be, for example, a paint. Other coatings, such as soft plastic coatings, are also possible.

[0036] The invention is described below with reference to an exemplary embodiment of the invention and the accompanying figures. They show: Fig. 1:A schematic cross-section through a tool insert of a plastic injection molding tool (not shown in detail) according to a first embodiment, Fig. 2: a schematic cross-section through a tool insert of a plastic injection molding tool (not shown in detail) according to a further embodiment and Fig. 3: a schematic cross-section through a tool insert of a plastic injection molding tool, not shown in detail, according to yet another embodiment.

[0037] A tool insert 1 is used to partially enclose a mold cavity of a plastic injection molding tool (not shown in more detail), as an example of a primary molding tool. One or more additional tool inserts are required to completely enclose the cavity. The tool insert 1 comprises a base body 2, which is made, for example, from tool steel. The base body 2 has a three-dimensionally structured surface on its side facing the cavity 3. The structuring shown in the figures is to be understood as an example. The actual molding surface 4, i.e. the surface of the tool insert 1 that is contacted by the liquid plastic mass introduced into the cavity 3, is formed in the tool insert 1 by the side of an insulator 5 made of solid metallic glass that faces the cavity 3. The solid metallic glass orIn the illustrated embodiment, the insulator 5 is made in particular from the alloy ZrCu24Al4Nb7. The thickness of the insulator 5 in the illustrated embodiment is approximately 20 mm. The thermal conductivity of the insulator 5 made of metallic solid glass is in this case lower by a factor of approximately 8 than the thermal conductivity of the base body 2. Therefore, the metallic solid glass layer can act as a thermal insulator 5, which can lead to a cooling delay of the plastic mass filled into the cavity. The insulator 5 is applied to the surface 6 of the base body 2 facing the cavity 3 using a 3D laser printing process. The insulator 5 is initially applied with a layer thickness greater than the final layer thickness of 20 mm. The actual molding surface 4 was created by machining in a subsequent step. In the illustrated embodiment, the molding surface 4 is a highly polished surface.

[0038] Below the molding surface 4 of the tool insert 1, within the base body 2, there are cavities 7, in particular fluid channels for tempering the tool insert 1. These can be used for heating or cooling. For tempering the molding surface or the mass hardening on the molding surface 4, cavities 7, such as microfluidic channels, can also be provided in the insulator 5 (not shown in the drawing). The formation of such cavities 7 is possible when producing the insulator 5 using a generative manufacturing process. Such cavities 7, in particular microfluidic channels, can be arranged, for example, in the immediate vicinity of the molding surface 4 under so-called hotspots of the cavity 3. The introduction of such cavities 7, in particular microfluidic channels, into such an insulator 5 made of solid metallic glass is advantageous, especially when the insulator 5 has greater thicknesses.Such an insulator 5 can, for example, also have microfluid channels close to the mold surface and, at a certain distance therefrom, cavities 7, as shown schematically in the base body therein in the figures.

[0039] Figure 2shows another tool insert 1.1, which is fundamentally constructed like the previously described tool insert 1. Therefore, unless otherwise stated below, the relevant statements also apply to the tool insert 1.1. Identical parts are identified by the same reference numeral, supplemented by the suffix ".1". The tool insert 1.1 differs from the tool insert 1 only in that the thickness of the insulator 5.1 varies across its surface area. This thickness is thinner in sections 8, 8.1 than in the other sections of this insulator 5.1. In section 8.2, the insulator 5.1 has its greatest layer thickness. The layer thickness of the insulator 5, in the form of a solid metallic glass layer, is preferably responsible for the desired cooling delay on the mold surface 4.1. The thicker this insulator 5.1 is, the greater the cooling delay or the cooling delay at this section of the mold surface 4.1 heat buildup provided by the insulator 5.1. The insulator 5.1 was manufactured in the same way as the insulator 5 of the embodiment of the . Figure 1 described.

[0040] Figure 3 shows yet another tool insert 1.2. Identical parts are also identified with the same reference numeral, supplemented by the suffix ".2". The tool insert 1.2 has a molding surface 4.2, which is formed partly by the base body 2.2 and partly by the corresponding surface 4.3 of an insulator 9 made of solid metallic glass, designed as an insert. The insulator 9 is manufactured separately and then inserted into a prepared recess 10, introduced into the molding surface 4.2 of the base body 2.2, and connected to it, for example, by laser welding along the circumference of the insulator 9.

[0041] All described embodiments can, if desired, be coated with a wear-resistant layer, for example a hard chrome layer. Reference sign list

[0042] 1, 1.1, 1.2Tool insert 2, 2.1, 2.2Base body 3, 3.1, 3.2Cavity 4, 4.1, 4.2Impression surface 5, 5.1Insulator 6Surface 7Cavity 8, 8.1, 8.2Section 9Separately manufactured insulator 10Recess

Claims

1. A tool insert for a primary shaping tool, comprising a thermal insulator (5, 5.1, 9) disposed on a main part (2, 2.1, 2.2) having a molding surface (4, 4.1, 4.2) contacted by the molten material to be shaped, said surface being at least partly spaced from the main part (2, 2.1, 2.2) of the tool insert (1, 1.1, 1.2) by a thermal insulator (5, 5.1, 9), characterized in that the thermal insulator (5, 5.1, 9) consists of bulk metallic glass, the insulator layer thickness being in the range of 0.5 cm - 5 cm.

2. The tool insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the main part comprises the same material as the insulator or a material different from the insulator, in particular a tool steel.

3. The tool insert according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the molding surface (4, 4.1, 4.2) of the tool insert or at least a region of the molding surface is formed by the insulator (5, 5.1, 9) itself.

4. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, at least in the region of the insulator (5, 5.1, 9), an anti-wear layer is disposed on the insulator (5, 5.1, 9).

5. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the insulator (5, 5.1, 9) is at least largely constant over its planar extension.

6. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the insulator (5, 5.1, 9) varies over its planar extension to provide molding surface regions which are temperature-controlled at different rates.

7. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that cavities 7 are provided within the insulator (5, 5.1, 9) and / or the main part, the cavities 7 in particular being fluid channels for conveying a temperature-control fluid, in particular a temperature-control gas.

8. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the insulator (5, 5.1) is integrally applied, in particular by a rapid manufacturing method, to the material of the main part (1, 1.1) or to an insert introduced therein.

9. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bulk metallic glass is an alloy which is based on an element selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ti, Zr, Cu, Au, Pt and Mg.

10. The tool insert according to claim 9, characterized in that the bulk metallic glass is an alloy containing Zr and Cu.

11. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the surface of the insulator (5, 5.1, 9) facing away from the main part (2, 2.1, 2.2) is machined after production, in particular by means of polishing, grinding, eroding or milling.

12. The tool insert according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the tool insert (1, 1.1, 1.2) is a tool insert for a plastics injection molding tool.

13. A primary shaping tool, in particular a plastics primary shaping tool, comprising at least one cavity (3, 3.1, 3.2) enclosed by at least two tool inserts, characterized in that at least one of said tool inserts is a tool insert (1, 1.1, 1.2) according to any of claims 1 to 12.

14. A method for producing a plastics part by primary shaping, in particular injection or compression molding, using a tool insert (1, 1.1, 1.2) according to any of claims 1 to 12 or using a primary shaping tool according to claim 13, characterized in that a molten plastics mass, which is selected from the group consisting of thermosets, elastomers and thermoplastics, is introduced into the cavity (3, 3.1, 3.2).

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, after the shaped part has been primary-shaped, a further cavity is created between the shaped part and the tool insert 1, and a further material is injected into this further cavity.