SOLAR SYSTEM

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a solar system with a support and with a support frame which can be pivoted on the support about an elevation axis for solar modules combined to form a solar panel, which forms a bottom-side lower section and an adjoining upper section with respect to the elevation axis, the width extension of which perpendicular to the elevation axis is greater than the width extension of the lower section. State of the art

[0002] To ensure high efficiency, the solar panels of solar systems must track the position of the sun. For this purpose, the solar panels are mounted on a plate that can be pivoted about an elevation axis and is rotatable about an azimuth axis. The design requirements for the actuator for pivoting the solar panel are simple if the elevation axis runs at least approximately through the center of gravity of the solar panel. However, such a center of gravity position prevents the solar panel from pivoting independently about the elevation axis into a wind-parallel safety position with only a small surface area exposed to the wind in high gusts. To improve flow conditions, it has already been proposed in this context (DE 10 2011 115 474 A1) to equip the solar panel with additional, adjustable wind deflectors, but this makes the construction complex and prone to failure.

[0003] With regard to the mounting of a solar panel around the elevation axis and the actuator provided for this purpose, simple design conditions arise (WO 2009 / 059093 A1) if the solar panel is arranged with respect to the elevation axis in such a way that the width extension of an upper panel section perpendicular to the elevation axis is, for example, greater by one solar module row than that of a lower section, so that when the wind blows toward the front of the panel, both the weight moment and the resulting wind moment are effective in pivoting the solar panel. If this total torque, supported by the actuator, exceeds a predetermined threshold, a safety clutch is triggered and the solar panel is released to pivot into the safety position.However, it is disadvantageous that in the case of opposing wind loads and thus uplifting wind forces, the force coefficients specified for free-standing monopitch roofs, which depend on the angle of inclination and which must also be observed for solar panels according to the standard, must be used. These force coefficients are greater than the force coefficients for pressing wind loads, which entails corresponding dimensions of the supports and their anchoring. Description of the invention

[0004] The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a solar system with a solar panel mounted off-center with respect to the elevation axis without any special construction effort in such a way that, compared to the prior art, either a larger, effective solar panel area can be provided with a support of the same dimensions or a support of smaller dimensions with the same solar panel area can be provided.

[0005] Starting from a solar system of the type described above, the invention solves the stated problem by providing an at least largely wind-impermeable lower section with flow passage openings at least between groups of solar modules in the upper section of the solar panel.

[0006] Due to the flow passages provided in the upper section of the solar panel, the dynamic pressure occurring in the area of ​​wind load is significantly reduced in the upper section compared to a largely closed surface of the lower section, which leads to a reduction in the resulting wind force acting on the solar panel. When the wind flows towards the front of the solar modules, this initially means a smaller wind moment, which effectively tilts the solar panel. However, this does not affect the ability of the solar panel to move independently into the tilted safety position when the elevation actuator is decoupled, because the weight moment assists, and the safety position is achieved even if the resulting wind moment acts in the opposite direction to the weight moment but is smaller than the weight moment.

[0007] When the wind flows onto the back of the solar panel, the wind force acting on the upper section of the solar panel creates a counter-torque to the weight-related torque. Since the dynamic pressure is lower in the upper section than in the lower section due to the flow openings at wind speeds that are the same across the width of the solar panel, favorable conditions for dissipating wind loads can be ensured even for this loading scenario by appropriately matching the ratio of the widths of the upper and lower sections to the flow cross-sections of the flow openings.

[0008] The solar modules within a solar panel are typically arranged in rows on the solar panel's support structure. This arrangement allows for flow passages that extend between the rows of solar modules, preferably along the length of the solar module in the direction of the elevation axis.

[0009] In order to increase the effective wind moment on the lower section of the solar panel when wind flows onto the rear side in the sense of pivoting the solar panel into the safety position, a wind deflector can be provided on the bottom edge of the lower section of the solar panel, which should, however, be designed in such a way that the flow conditions do not have a detrimental effect on the torque load of the solar panel when wind flows onto the front side. Brief description of the invention

[0010] The subject matter of the invention is shown by way of example in the drawing, namely a solar system according to the invention is shown in a schematic section perpendicular to the elevation axis. Ways to implement the invention

[0011] The solar system shown is constructed on a support 1 mounted on a foundation, which has a support head 3 rotatable about an azimuth axis 2 for a support frame 4, which is pivotably mounted on the support head 3 about an elevation axis 5. Solar modules 6 are arranged in rows on the support frame 4 to form a solar panel 7. An actuator 8 is provided for the support head 3 to track this solar panel 7 according to the azimuth of the sun. The solar panel 7 is tracked about the elevation axis by means of an actuator 9 designed as a pivoting cylinder.

[0012] As can be seen from the drawing, the solar panel 7 is not symmetrical with respect to the elevation axis 5. The bottom-side lower section 10 has a width L 1 perpendicular to the elevation axis 5, which is smaller than the width L 2 of the adjoining upper section 11. This causes a shift in the center of gravity of the solar panel 7 into the upper section 11, with the effect that a weight moment becomes effective with respect to the elevation axis 5, which acts on the solar panel 7 in a pivoting direction.

[0013] In addition, flow passage openings 12 are provided in the upper section 11 at least between groups of solar modules 6, preferably between the rows of solar modules 6 arranged in rows. The resulting wind permeability in some areas results in a lower dynamic pressure in the area of ​​the upper section 11 compared to the essentially wind-impermeable lower section 10, which significantly changes the wind-induced forces and moments acting on the solar panel 7 and thus the calculated loads to be taken into account for the dimensioning of the support 1 and its foundation.

[0014] Due to the special design and mounting of the solar panel 7, the weight moment about the elevation axis 5 supported by the actuator 9 relative to the support head 3 is increased by the torque resulting from the wind load on the upper section 11 when wind loads in direction 13 are applied to the front of the solar panel 7. This means that despite a lower dynamic pressure in the upper section 11, a resulting torque is always effective in the sense of pivoting the solar panel 7, so that the risk of overload due to gusts of wind can be easily avoided because the loads associated with such gusts of wind can be used to automatically unlock the solar panel 7, either by providing a predetermined breaking point or a coupling that releases the actuator 9.In both cases, the support of the solar panel 7 is released by the actuator 9, and as a result, the solar panel 7 is pivoted into a wind-parallel safety position with a comparatively small surface area exposed to the wind. Due to the lower dynamic pressure in the area of ​​the upper section 11, the resulting wind force to be dissipated by the support 1 is also lower.

[0015] For a wind flow 14 directed toward the rear of the solar panel 7, the righting moment caused by the wind load on the upper section 11 is reduced by the weight moment of the solar panel 7, which, together with the moment caused by the wind load on the lower section 10, leads to a corresponding torque relief for the solar panel 7. To support this effect, the lower section 10 of the solar panel 7 can be provided with a wind deflector 15 along the bottom-side longitudinal edge, which provides additional lift when the wind flows in the direction of arrow 14, but can hardly change the wind load on the solar panel 7 when the wind flows in the opposite direction 13.

[0016] Furthermore, due to the different dynamic pressures in the area of ​​the lower and upper sections 10, 11 of the solar panel 7, a lower resulting wind force can be expected compared to a wind-impermeable solar panel 7. This is particularly important with regard to the larger force coefficient for this wind direction due to the uplifting wind load, which must be used according to the standard to determine the maximum load to be absorbed, so that the supporting structure can be dimensioned smaller for a comparable area of ​​a solar panel according to the state of the art, or the area of ​​the solar panel can be enlarged for a comparable supporting structure.

Claims

1. Solar installation having a support (1) and having a support frame (4) for solar modules (6), which are combined to form a solar panel (7), which support frame (4) can be pivoted on the support (1) about an elevation axis (5) and which support frame (4) forms, with respect to the elevation axis (5), a bottom section (10) on the ground side and an adjoining top section (11), whose width extension (L2 ) perpendicular to the elevation axis (5) is greater than the width extension (L1 ) of the bottom section (10), characterized in that, while the bottom section (10) is at least largely wind-impermeable , the top section (11) of the solar panel (7) has flow passage openings (12) at least between groups of solar modules (6).

2. Solar installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow passage openings (12) extend between the rows of the solar modules (6) arranged in rows.

3. Solar installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a wind guiding device (15) is provided on the ground-side edge of the bottom section (10) of the solar panel (7).