SINGLE FIREPLACE WITH ONE COMBUSTION CHAMBER FLOOR

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a single fireplace for burning fuel, such as firewood, with a combustion chamber for receiving the fuel, which is delimited at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor, and an air guiding device for guiding combustion air into the combustion chamber.

[0002] Individual fireplaces of the type described here burn solid fuels, such as firewood in the form of lumps or bulk materials. Such individual fireplaces are particularly suitable for the combustion of tiled stoves or other wood-burning stoves. They comprise a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber floor, onto which the fuel is placed through an openable combustion chamber door. The combustion chamber door is then closed, thus constituting a so-called closed fireplace for the combustion process.

[0003] During combustion, the fuel is first gasified into fuel gas at high temperatures by adding primary combustion air containing oxygen. The fuel gas is then further oxidized as a mixed gas together with secondary combustion air containing additional oxygen, thus producing exhaust gas.

[0004] The combustion air is directed to and into the combustion chamber via an air duct system. The exhaust gases are removed from the individual fireplace via a chimney system.

[0005] Individual fireplaces of a partially similar type are known from EP 2 085 694 A2, EP 2 085 694 A3, US 4,290,410 A1, DE 40 03 779 A1, GB 605 828 A and US 1,103,098 A1, whereby these individual fireplaces, in contrast to the individual fireplace relevant here, all have a grate onto which the fuel is to be placed in the combustion chamber. Underlying task

[0006] The invention is based on the object of designing a generic individual fireplace in such a way that it is particularly easy to maintain. Inventive solution

[0007] This object is achieved according to the invention with a single fireplace for burning fuel, such as firewood, according to claim 1, with a combustion chamber for receiving the fuel, which is delimited at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor, and an air guiding device for guiding combustion air into the combustion chamber, wherein the air guiding device is designed with an air guiding box which is arranged below the combustion chamber floor, and wherein the combustion chamber floor is designed to be opened from the combustion chamber in order to allow access to the air guiding box.

[0008] By means of the invention, an air guide box in a single fireplace is opened by means of an access through the combustion chamber and in this way made accessible for maintenance work.

[0009] Therefore, with this inventive solution, for example, no additional maintenance hatch is required on the associated tiled stove for access to the air duct box. This simplifies the design of the tiled stove and improves its visual appearance.

[0010] In the air guide box thus made accessible, a first control device is preferably provided for controlling a volume of primary combustion air to be supplied to the combustion chamber per unit of time. Furthermore, a second control device is advantageously provided in the air guide box for controlling a volume of secondary combustion air to be supplied to the combustion chamber per unit of time. The control devices arranged in this way can advantageously be installed in the air guide box according to the invention and can advantageously be maintained there over the operating life of the associated individual fireplace.

[0011] Furthermore, the first and / or second control device is preferably designed with a control slide, by means of which a series of individual air openings can be selectively covered simultaneously. Such a control slide can be designed to be particularly space-saving and, with a large adjustable actuator surface, have a comparatively short actuator travel.

[0012] Additionally or alternatively, a switching device of a door switch of a combustion chamber door that selectively closes the combustion chamber is advantageously provided in the air guide box.

[0013] All technical equipment arranged in this way can be accommodated in a particularly advantageous spatial manner and, at the same time, the solution according to the invention provides particularly good accessibility for adjustment and maintenance work. The combustion chamber floor, which can be opened according to the invention, creates a comparatively large opening area into the air duct box, making it very easy to access the air duct box and its technical equipment.

[0014] Furthermore, an air duct is preferably coupled to the air duct box according to the invention by means of a connection device, which is designed with a first connection element arranged at least partially on the outside of the air duct box and with a second connection element arranged at least partially on the inside of the air duct box. The second connection element is to be coupled from the air connection box to the first connection element in a largely fluid-tight manner. Such a connection device can be coupled solely from the interior of the air duct box and thus also connected to the air duct without external access.

[0015] According to the invention, the combustion chamber floor is furthermore designed with at least one floor element that can be removed from its installation position in the combustion chamber floor into the combustion chamber. Such a floor element can be completely removed from the combustion chamber for assembly and maintenance purposes, thus leaving a particularly large amount of space for movement. Alternatively, such a floor element can also be hinged or pivoted, particularly on a hinge, and thus installed with particularly precise positioning.

[0016] According to the invention, the at least one base element is further constructed from a fireclay material, and at least one flat separating element is provided on the outside of the at least one base element for separating the air guide box from the combustion chamber in a largely fluid-tight manner. The separating element is preferably constructed from a metal material. For the underside of the combustion chamber, the at least one base element forms a heat-resistant inner layer, and the flat separating element forms an at least largely fluid-tight outer layer.

[0017] An air duct for conveying combustion air is preferably formed adjacent to the at least one floor element and extends through the combustion chamber floor. This air duct serves both as a channel for conveying combustion air and as a free space, which advantageously provides movement space for removing the adjacent floor element.

[0018] Finally, such an air guiding device according to the invention is advantageously provided with an inlet device for introducing combustion air into the combustion chamber, wherein the inlet device is configured adjacent to the at least one floor element and, in particular, is designed to be withdrawn from the combustion chamber. Combustion air can be supplied to the combustion chamber in a targeted and, in particular, directed manner using the inlet device, similar to a nozzle. Furthermore, this inlet device can advantageously be inserted into the free space of the aforementioned air guiding line and can also be easily removed from there. Brief description of the drawings

[0019] An exemplary embodiment of the inventive solution is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings. It shows: Fig. 1 a perspective view in longitudinal section of an embodiment of a single fireplace according to the invention, Fig. 2 a perspective view of an air guide box of the single fireplace according to Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 a perspective view of the lower part of a longitudinal section similar to Fig. 1 , Fig. 4 the detail IV according to Fig. 1 , Fig. 5 the section VV according to Fig. 1 , Fig. 6a view similar to Fig. 3 during the installation of a connection device, Fig. 7, section VII-VII according to Fig. 6 , Fig. 8 the detail VIII according to Fig. 7 , Fig. 9 a perspective view of a first wall element of the embodiment according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 10 a diagram for controlling combustion air at the individual fireplace according to Fig. 1 . Detailed description of the embodiment

[0020] In the Fig. 1 to 9Illustrated is a single fireplace 10 in the form of a tiled stove insert as a heating device, comprising a cuboid-shaped housing 12 with a combustion chamber 14 arranged therein. The combustion chamber 14 is also essentially cuboid-shaped and lined with flame-resistant fireclay material in the form of panels on its combustion chamber floor 16, its side walls 18, and its rear wall 20. A substantially rectangular combustion chamber door 24 is installed in an associated front wall 22 of the combustion chamber 14, by means of which the combustion chamber 14 can be selectively opened and closed. Thus, a fuel to be burned, such as firewood in particular, can be stacked as bulk goods on the combustion chamber floor 16 and burned there.

[0021] At the top of the combustion chamber 14 there is a combustion chamber ceiling 26 for discharging exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 14, wherein combustion air is guided from outside the combustion chamber 14 through an air guiding device 28 at the bottom into the combustion chamber 14 and is discharged from the top of the combustion chamber 14 by means of an exhaust gas discharge device 30.

[0022] The air guide device 28 includes a substantially tubular air duct 32, the front end of which is coupled to a substantially cuboid-shaped air guide box 36 by means of a connecting device 34. The air guide box 36 is located below the combustion chamber floor 16.

[0023] A first air duct 38 leads from the air duct box 36 to a first air outlet 40 in the combustion chamber 14, which is located near the lower and / or upper region of the combustion chamber door 24. The lower air supply serves in particular to cool the combustion chamber door 24. The upper air supply supplies additional oxygen to the fuel gas. Furthermore, a second air duct 42 branches off from the air duct 38 or optionally from the air duct box 36 itself, which leads to a second air outlet 44 near the combustion chamber floor 16 on a floor surface 46 there. Combustion air, the oxygen from which is required for fuel combustion, is supplied to the combustion chamber 14 via such air ducts 38 and 42.

[0024] The resulting exhaust gas is discharged by means of an exhaust hood 48 belonging to the exhaust gas discharge device 30. This exhaust hood 48 is located at the top of the combustion chamber 14 and comprises an afterburner chamber 50, which is open at the top by means of a circular exhaust outlet 52.

[0025] The combustion chamber 14 is enclosed by two plate-shaped side wall elements 54 and a plate-shaped rear wall element 56, and has two central floor elements 58 on its underside, which constitute second wall elements. These two floor elements 58 form a cover device for covering the air guide box 36. This cover device can be removed through the combustion chamber 14 by a user or maintenance personnel of the individual fireplace 10, thereby making the air guide box 36 accessible from the outside.

[0026] Two plate-shaped floor elements 60 are arranged opposite one another laterally next to the floor elements or second wall elements 58. Between each of these floor elements 60 and the adjacent floor element 58 is a first wall element 62, which forms an inlet device for combustion air from the second air duct 42 to the second air outlet 44. The first wall element 62 is located in an air duct 64.

[0027] Under the two central floor elements 58 there is a support surface 66 made of sheet metal, which is supported on a frame-like support element 68 towards the first air duct 38 (see Fig. 6 and 8). Further down, on the underside of the essentially flat, cubic air duct 38, there is a separating surface 70, also made of sheet metal, which separates from the air duct box 36 at a frame-like separating element 72 (see Fig. 6 ). For the above-mentioned opening of the air guide box 36 from the combustion chamber 14, in addition to the base elements 58, this support surface 66 and this separating surface 70 are also opened and removed.

[0028] Arranged in the air guide box 36, which is then accessible from above, are a first control device 74 for controlling a volume of main combustion air to be supplied to the combustion chamber 14 per unit of time, and a second control device 76 for controlling a volume of secondary combustion air to be supplied to the combustion chamber 14 per unit of time. The control devices 74 and 76 are thus advantageously cooled in the air guide box 36 by the air flowing through it. Furthermore, the air guide box 36 is of comparatively large volume, which allows pressure losses there during flow to be kept to a minimum, and also provides ample installation space for the aforementioned devices.

[0029] The first control device 74 includes an actuator motor 78, which is used to actuate an actuator mechanism 80. This moves a first control slide 82 and a second control slide 84 (see Fig. 4 and 5). The first control slide 82, which can also be referred to as the main air slide, and the second control slide 84, which can also be referred to as the slide for secondary air, floor air or control air, each have a plurality of slide openings 86 arranged next to one another in a row and can each be moved by means of an actuator link 88. The control slides 82 and 84 thus each open air openings 90, which are formed in the interface between the air guide box 36 and the first air guide duct 38 and between the first air guide duct 38 and the second air guide duct 42. Because a plurality of air openings 90 are enlarged or opened or reduced or blocked at the same time, the associated control slides 82 and 84 can have particularly small actuator travels 92 and 94, respectively.

[0030] Furthermore, the associated switching device 98 of a door switch 96 is arranged in the air guide box 36. The door switch 96 itself is located below the combustion chamber door 24 and is actuated when the combustion chamber door 24 is opened and closed.

[0031] The two lateral floor elements 60 and the adjacent first wall elements 62 form a floor trough 100 adjacent to the central floor elements 58 located slightly further down, into which the firewood is to be stacked and which, with its two lateral edges 102, then borders the first wall elements 62, which act as an inlet device for combustion air. The floor trough 100 serves to enclose the firewood with a heat shield and thus to create and maintain a bed of embers on its underside and on its lower side edges.

[0032] The wall elements 62 (see Fig. 9) are made of metal in the form of a profiled bar or strip profile with a profile balcony 104 directed towards the adjacent floor element 58 and projecting there (see Fig. 8), to which a substantially horizontally extending profiled ceiling 106 adjoins. A first, tall profiled web 108 and a second, shorter profiled web 110 protrude downwards next to one another from the profiled ceiling 106. In the profiled web 110, which is then directed towards the adjacent floor element 58, a plurality of openings 112 in the form of notched openings are formed next to one another in a row, extending into the profiled balcony 104 above. With such rows of openings 112 in the wall elements 62 on both opposite sides of the floor trough 100, a side air firing system is created for the fire burning there. These openings or notched openings 112 are partially covered to the side by an adjacent edge region 114 of the floor element 58, whereby a flow path 116 for combustion air remains through each of the openings 112.

[0033] The essentially cubic air guide box 36 is designed in its essentially flat, in particular rectangular box wall surfaces with a removable wall area each (see Fig. 6), so that in this area a connection opening 118 is released which penetrates the box wall surface. This connection opening 118 is designed in the form of an elongated hole or oval, so that a first, pipe socket-shaped, circular-in-cross-section connection element 120 can be arranged therein with some freedom of movement. The connection element 120 is to be coupled from the outside to the air duct box 36 and is in turn coupled to the air line 32 in a fluid-conducting manner. The connection element 120 has on its outer circumference a connection collar 122 which projects essentially radially there and which is to be placed against the air duct box 36 in order to seal the freedom of movement around the connection element 120. A connection flange 124 of the connection element 120, on which a bayonet connection 126 is formed, then projects inwards into the air duct box 36.A second connecting element 128 is to be positively coupled to this bayonet connection 126 on the inside of the air guide box 36, with a connecting ring 130 projecting radially outward. A connecting web 132 extending essentially diametrically in the connecting ring 130 engages the bayonet connection 126.

[0034] In the Fig. 8 and 9It is illustrated how, with the air guide box 36 accessible in this way and the control devices 74 and 76 arranged therein, the combustion air is guided in a controlled manner through the air guide channels 38 and 42 to the first air outlet 40 and to the two second air outlets 44. At the two second air outlets 44, the combustion air then exits, in particular through the flow paths 116 there, somewhat obliquely downwards at the first wall elements 62 serving as inlet devices into the floor trough 100. The exit angle of the combustion air introduced in this way is, in particular with respect to the horizontal, between 10° and 80° downwards, particularly preferably between 30° and 60°.

[0035] In the diagram according to Fig. 10The combustion duration is indicated on a horizontal axis 134, starting from the start of combustion at 0 to the end of combustion at 100. A vertical axis 136 shows the volume of combustion air supplied per unit of time, with a curve 138 illustrating the amount of main combustion air through the first air outlet 40 and a curve 140 illustrating the amount of secondary combustion air at the first wall elements 62. It can be seen that the main combustion air increases more and more in a largely parabolic manner with the combustion duration, whereas the secondary combustion air begins with a comparatively low amount and then decreases largely linearly until a turning point 142 is reached. After the turning point 142, which lies approximately halfway through combustion in the combustion chamber 14, the amount of secondary combustion air increases again in a largely linear manner until it has reached approximately twice its initial value. List of reference symbols

[0036] 10 Individual fireplace 12 Casing 14 Combustion chamber 16 Combustion chamber floor 18 Side wall 20 Rear wall 22 Front wall 24 Combustion chamber door 26 Combustion chamber ceiling 28 Air duct device 30 Flue gas discharge device 32 Air duct 34 Connection device 36 Air duct box 38 First air duct 40 First air outlet 42 Second air duct 44 Second air outlet 46 Floor surface 48 Flue gas hood 50 Afterburner chamber 52 Flue gas outlet 54 Side wall element 56 Rear wall element 58 Second wall element in the form of a central floor element 60 Side floor element 62 First wall element 64 Air duct 66 Support surface 68 Support element 70 Separating surface 72 Separating element 74 First control device 76Second control device 78Actuator motor 80Actuator mechanism 82First control slide 84Second control slide 86Slide opening 88Actuator guide 90Air opening 92Actuator travel of the first control slide 94Actuator travel of the second control slide 96Door switch 98Switching device 100Floor recess 102Edge of the floor recess 104Profile balcony of theStrip profile 106 Profile ceiling 108 First profile web 110 Second profile web 112 Opening in the form of a notch opening 114 Edge area of ​​the second wall element 116 Flow path for combustion air 118 Connection opening 120 First connection element 122 Connection collar 124 Connection flange 126 Bayonet connection 128 Second connection element 130 Connection ring 132 Connection web 134 Horizontal axis 136 Vertical axis 138 Curve 140 Curve 142 Turning point

Claims

1. Individual combustion appliance (10) for combusting fuel, such as firewood, comprising: - a combustion chamber (14) for receiving the fuel, said combustion chamber being delimited at the bottom by a combustion chamber base (16), and - an air guidance device (28) for guiding combustion air into the combustion chamber (14), wherein the air guidance device (28) is configured with an air guidance box (36), which is arranged beneath the combustion chamber base (16), and the combustion chamber base (16) is configured to open from the combustion chamber (14) so as to allow access to the air guidance box (36), wherein the combustion chamber base (16) is configured with at least one base element (58), which can be removed from its installation position in the combustion chamber base (16) into the combustion chamber (14), characterised in that the at least one base element (58) is made of a fireclay material and there is provided on the outside of the at least one base element (58) at least one extensive separating element (72) for separating the air guidance box (36) from the combustion chamber (14) in a largely fluid-tight manner.

2. Individual combustion appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that there is provided in the air guidance box (36) a first control device (74) for controlling a volumetric quantity of primary combustion air to be supplied to the combustion chamber (14) per unit time.

3. Individual combustion appliance according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that there is provided in the air guidance box (36) a second control device (76) for controlling a volumetric quantity of secondary combustion air to be supplied to the combustion chamber (14) per unit time.

4. Individual combustion appliance according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the first and / or second control device (74, 76) is configured with a control slide (82; 84) by means of which a row of individual air openings (90) can optionally be covered simultaneously.

5. Individual combustion appliance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that there is provided in the air guidance box (36) a switching device (98) of a door switch (96) of a combustion chamber door (24) that optionally closes the combustion chamber (14).

6. Individual combustion appliance according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that an air line (32) can be coupled to the air guidance box (36) by means of a connection device (34), which is configured with a first connection element (120) arranged at least in part on the outside of the air guidance box and with a second connection element (128) arranged at least in part on the inside of the air guidance box (36), wherein the second connection element (128) is to be coupled to the first connection element (120), from the air connection box (36), in a largely fluid-tight manner.

7. Individual combustion appliance according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the separating element (72) is made of a metal material.

8. Individual combustion appliance according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that there is formed, adjacent to the at least one base element (58), an air guidance line (64), passing through the combustion chamber base (16), for guiding combustion air.

9. Individual combustion appliance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the air guidance device (28) is provided with an introduction device (62) for introducing combustion air into the combustion chamber, wherein the introduction device (62) is configured to be adjacent to the at least one base element (58) and in particular is configured to be removable from the combustion chamber (14).