POUCH DEVICE

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The invention relates to a biodegradable bag device, in particular consisting of a biodegradable bag material, as well as a combination product for receiving and storing materials. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of this biodegradable bag device or the combination product as a collection or transport container for materials intended for use as food or feed and / or for composting / biodegradation. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Today's society produces considerable amounts of waste. Some of this waste consists of biodegradable materials, such as kitchen scraps. This organic waste can be collected in paper bags placed in a waste bin and then disposed of. However, a disadvantage of paper bags is that they quickly become soggy, and the waste bin becomes saturated with the juices released from the organic waste. These juices dry out, promoting bacterial growth and unpleasant odors. After emptying, the waste bin must be cleaned.

[0003] This problem has already been recognized, which is why garbage bags are made from biodegradable plastics. These are durable, waterproof, and odor-proof. However, they do not biodegrade nearly as quickly as commonly assumed, because the decomposition process takes far too long. According to European standards, "compostable" plastic bags must decompose by at least 90% within twelve weeks, breaking down into pieces smaller than 2 mm.

[0004] The use of waste bags made from recycled plastics (also known as bioplastics) or conventional PE plastic is unsuitable due to the high processing costs and effort required in composting facilities. Furthermore, the durability of recycled plastics makes them a contaminant.

[0005] The bacteria involved in the biological degradation process at the composting plant often don't have enough time, because the compost from the plant usually has to be ready for sale in less than six weeks. And even if the bacteria had more time, little would be gained, since most bioplastics don't decompose into valuable humus, but merely into water and CO2.

[0006] Sheep are bred for various reasons. They serve to produce wool, meat, and milk, as well as for landscape management. However, not all wool is suitable for the textile industry. In particular, low-quality wool cannot be used for textile production and is often discarded or burned. Furthermore, shearing sheep is often no longer profitable nowadays, as textiles are largely made from cotton, synthetic materials, or blends thereof.

[0007] No bag device is known from the prior art that is biodegradable within a short period and decomposes into humus, and therefore, unlike the decomposition products of conventional biodegradable waste bags, can serve as fertilizer. Furthermore, it is also unknown how sheep's wool, beyond its use as a textile component, long-term fertilizer, feed additive (e.g., pellets), or insulation material, can be put to further and sustainable use, for example, to open up new business opportunities for shepherds and to make the raw material wool, especially lower-quality wool, usable.

[0008] A variety of different bag devices are known from the prior art. For example, WO 2017 / 083738 A2 describes a bag device according to the preamble of claim 1 and an insulating bag and casing (hereinafter referred to as the insulating device) for the transport of food and other goods. The insulating device is intended, in particular, to enable goods, food, samples, and medical items to be kept within a relatively defined thermal range. The insulating device has at least one insulating layer, which may be formed from a fibrous material consisting of a variety of plant or animal fibers (e.g., wool), and which is arranged between an inner and an outer layer. The insulating layer can have a thickness between 0.1 and approximately 30 cm. Several layers of insulating material can be stacked on top of each other to achieve improved stability.The density of the insulating layer can range from 10 to 5,000 g / m², and the weave used to create the insulating layer can be selected from hundreds of different weave types. The insulating layer can be formed using various methods, including needling, spunbond, carding, melt blowing, wet bonding, thermal bonding, chemical bonding, and hydrojet bonding. The insulating device, and in particular the insulating layer, should be 80–100% biodegradable within 26 weeks, depending on the temperature and humidity conditions typical of a compost heap. This biodegradation should occur through water and / or enzymes found naturally in compost. The insulating device may incorporate a sheet-like reinforcing material, which forms the lower section and provides structural support.The insulating layer, as well as the inner and / or outer layer, may contain an additive. This additive can consist of a variety of different substances. For example, an additive may include antimicrobial additives, flame retardants, waxes, or resins, and may be contained within the insulating layer, the inner layer, or the outer layer. A barrier layer may also be provided, which rests on or surrounds the inner and / or outer layer and / or the insulating layer. The barrier may be moisture-proof and / or oxygen-proof and may contain wax or another additive. The insulating device may be dimensioned to fit inside a container. However, it is not known how microbiological degradation can be supported or improved. Furthermore, it is not known how the device must be designed to be used as a waste bag.

[0009] EP 0 646 087 B1 discloses biodegradable collection or transport containers made of collagen, containing at least 50% collagen fibers by dry weight. The collagen is generally obtained from slaughterhouse waste, which is shredded, processed, and manufactured into collagen films using known methods. These films can be made into bags or sacks for use as waste containers in large establishments such as restaurants or canteens, or in smaller sizes for household use. The film material is uniform in structure and color, free of particle inclusions, and should have limited permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide to prevent the growth of aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. The collagen substrate should have the lowest possible microbial count. The use of wool or raw materials derived from wool is not disclosed.Furthermore, it is not known how the structure of the transport container can be reinforced, or how microbiological degradation can be improved or supported.

[0010] German patent DE 11 2008 000 001 T5 discloses a biodegradable film that can be used as a garbage bag. The film is intended to provide sufficient water resistance, strength, and reduced environmental impact from released pollutants. The film is composed of protein, cellulose fibers, urea, and optionally starch. The protein used can be derived from plants or animals (e.g., milk protein, collagen, keratin) or be synthetic. The film can have a thickness of 1 to 100 µm. Depending on the film's thickness, it remains water-resistant for approximately one to three weeks, or longer, when submerged in water. It is not known how the structure of the transport container can be reinforced. Furthermore, it is not known how microbiological degradation can be improved or supported.

[0011] US Patent 3,762,454A discloses a disposable container, and in particular a disposable waste container, that self-degrades in the presence of water and elevated temperature. The material of the disposable container preferably comprises a polyvinyl alcohol formed from at least 98% hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, or another polymeric material that is soluble in water at a temperature of at least 70°F. Microcapsules may be incorporated into the walls of the disposable container. The microcapsules contain liquids such as water, perfume, disinfectant, aqueous solutions of bacteria that degrade the polymer film, and the like. The rupture of the microcapsules results in sufficient moisture and / or bacteria to decompose the container or to release other desired substances such as perfume. The film may be reinforced by a woven inner layer of a fibrous material.The liquid-containing microcapsules can be attached to the surface of the disposable container using suitable techniques. One particularly suitable technique for applying the microencapsulated liquid involves using an annular nozzle to apply the microcapsules to the film via a gas stream. The microspheres can also be mixed with the polyvinyl alcohol before the film is manufactured. The liquid-containing microspheres can be produced using any conventional technique and can consist of any suitable encapsulation material, such as glass, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, waxes, or polyvinyl alcohol. The microspheres generally have a diameter of about 5 to 5,000 micrometers, and preferably a diameter of about 20 to 150 micrometers. The use of wool or raw materials derived from wool is not disclosed.Furthermore, aqueous solutions containing bacteria have been identified, although the activity of the bacteria decreases over time. It is not known how to further promote microbiological degradation. TASK

[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a collection device, in particular a collection device for biodegradable waste, which biodegrades faster than conventional biodegradable plastics, wherein the decomposition products of the collection device can preferably be used as fertilizer for plants. Furthermore, the collection device should allow the use of particularly locally sourced, rapidly renewable raw materials, which can preferably be used as starting material for the provision of a collection device according to the invention without requiring complex pretreatment. SOLUTION

[0013] The object is achieved with a bag device, in particular a waste collection bag device, having the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims, the description, and the exemplary embodiments.

[0014] The invention is solved by a bag device for receiving and storing materials, wherein the bag device comprises a receiving area, wherein the material from which the receiving area is formed is at least 20% made of a biodegradable bag material, preferably made of a renewable raw material, wherein the biodegradable bag material comprises an animal material with a fibrous structure, wherein the animal material has a weight fraction of at least 20% based on the total weight of the bag device. GENERAL BENEFITS

[0015] This invention makes it possible to utilize the renewable raw material wool for uses beyond its well-known applications. The bag device biodegrades at least as quickly as most conventional biodegradable plastics, but offers the advantage that its decomposition products can be used as nutrients by, for example, plants or fungi. Since spinnable animal hair, such as lower-quality wool, can also be used to manufacture the bag device, particularly for waste collection bags, it can be put to economic use. Furthermore, the bag device can be used to transport items such as food, thus helping to minimize the use of conventional plastic packaging and reducing environmental impact. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention relates to a bag device for receiving and storing materials, wherein the bag device comprises a receiving area. The receiving area is preferably designed such that it can receive different materials. The receiving area has at least one opening which serves to receive materials. The opening is preferably arranged opposite a closed bottom, as is the case, for example, with conventional garbage bags. Furthermore, the receiving area has an inner wall and an outer wall, wherein the inner wall, when the bag device is used as intended, faces the received material, while the outer wall faces the space surrounding the bag device.

[0017] In one embodiment, handles are arranged on the receiving area, preferably at the level of the opening. These handles can be made of the same material as the receiving area. An advantage of this is that the handles can be disposed of along with the receiving area. Alternatively, suitable handles can also be incorporated into the wall by at least partially creating recesses, preferably at the level of the opening, such as in the outer wall or the outer and inner walls of the bag device (e.g., by cutting slots into the wall of the bag device). This advantageously eliminates the need for handles as an additional element, thus minimizing the effort required by further work steps and the risk of breakage.

[0018] In an alternative embodiment, the handle can be made of a different material. For example, a handle can be made of a thermoplastic whose mechanical stability or load-bearing capacity is at least equivalent to that of the receiving area. A handle can be connected to the receiving area via a material-bonded connection (e.g., adhesive bonding), with the adhesive preferably being biodegradable. In an alternative embodiment, a handle can be connected to the receiving area via a form-fit connection. It is advantageous if the form-fit connection is reversible, as this allows the receiving area and its contents to be easily transported, and the handles can be removed before disposing of the filled receiving area and reused for another receiving area.In a preferred embodiment, the handles are arranged as lateral recesses in the outer and inner walls of the receiving area. This has the advantage that the handles do not need to be attached as a separate element.

[0019] In another embodiment, the handles can include loop-shaped extensions, with two handles connected via at least two loop-shaped extensions, or the ends of the loop-shaped extensions can be designed as handles. The outer wall of the receiving area can be positioned on the loop-shaped extensions. In one embodiment, the loop-shaped extensions can be arranged inside a waste bin, while the handles are placed around the rim of the bin's opening. The receiving area is then also placed inside the waste bin and thus rests on the loop-shaped extensions. Advantageously, the use of the loop-shaped extensions allows the receiving area, filled with material, to be lifted out of the waste bin using the handles, with the loop-shaped extensions possessing sufficiently high mechanical stability to transport the receiving area and its contents.This has the advantage that the material from which the receiving area is formed can be of small thickness, since the main mechanical strength is provided by the loop-shaped extensions and the handles connected to them. In this embodiment, the bag device according to the invention is thus formed from a receiving area and loop-shaped extensions with handles that are not bonded to it. In a further embodiment, the loop-shaped extensions are designed as a mesh. Advantageously, the material from which the receiving area is formed can therefore be even thinner, since the mesh contributes the main mechanical stability of the bag device.

[0020] In one embodiment, the receiving area is formed in at least two layers and / or as a composite of different fiber types. A first fiber type can be made of a material defined herein with a fibrous or foil structure. A first fiber type can therefore also be formed as a foil structure defined herein and not be fibrous, while a second fiber type has a larger cross-section than the first fiber type. The second fiber type can have a circular cross-section and / or be ribbon-shaped. The second fiber type is coated with a bioactive additive and / or a catalytically active additive and / or another additive defined herein. Advantageously, the second fiber type can be used to mechanically reinforce the structure of a receiving area formed from a plant or animal material (e.g., wool).At the same time, the second fiber type ensures that microorganisms come into contact with the material of the bag device or the waste contained within the collection area. This is especially true if the structure of the second fiber type is disrupted, for example, by mechanical force.

[0021] The supporting structure of the second fiber type is preferably biodegradable and is preferably made of a material defined herein. The second fiber type is preferably designed as a textile fabric. The textile fabric can be a woven, knitted, braided, nonwoven, or felted fabric. The textile fabric can therefore preferably be woven, interlocked, felted, and / or joined using a conventional method. The second fiber type is particularly preferably woven as a textile fabric. The coating of a bag structure with microcapsules, known from the prior art, cannot be used to improve the mechanical stability of the bag device. The second fiber type according to the invention combines the improvement of mechanical stability with the improved biodegradability of the bag device. The bag device can also consist of only a receiving area, without handles.

[0022] A material according to the invention comprises substances or mixtures of substances that are preferably at least partially and ideally completely biodegradable. For example, such a material could be a mixture of various kitchen waste (e.g., banana peels, fruit scraps, coffee grounds, eggshells, etc.). This material is commonly known as organic waste. Biodegradability refers to the ability of an organic material, substance, or mixture of substances to be decomposed by living organisms, particularly saprobionts, or by their enzymes. Ideally, biodegradability proceeds completely to mineralization, so that the organic compounds of the material, substance, or mixture are broken down into inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ammonia.For the purposes of this invention, biodegradability and compostability are used as equivalent terms. A material can also comprise animal feed or foodstuffs. Thus, it is conceivable that the device according to the invention could be used for the collection and / or packaging of foodstuffs (e.g., potatoes, onions, apples). Furthermore, a material can also comprise excrement (e.g., dog feces).

[0023] A biodegradability of at least 20% indicates that the material used for the receiving area, and / or the waste material contained within the receiving area, is at least 20% degradable to mineralization. The compostability of organic materials or an organic composition is highly dependent on factors such as the organisms involved in the decomposition, the oxygen content, and the temperature. A biodegradability of at least 20% refers to composting to mineralization within a certain timeframe. This timeframe depends, at least in part, on the factors described above.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the pouch material, i.e., the material from which the receiving area is formed, is made of a biodegradable material. Preferably, this material is a renewable resource. A renewable resource is understood to be one that is not, or not directly, derived from fossil fuels. Instead, a renewable resource is derived from an organism. The receiving area can also be formed from more than one pouch material. For example, different pouch materials can be combined (e.g., woven or glued) to form the receiving area according to the invention. The use of different pouch materials may be desirable if the material thickness needs to be controlled. For instance, weaving cotton threads can advantageously contribute to greater stability of the receiving area.

[0025] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the bag material comprises an animal material with a fibrous structure. For example, such a material can be formed from the feathers of a bird. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the animal material comprises spinnable hair, in particular the wool of a sheep. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the animal material comprises the spinnable hair of other mammals, such as the wool of a goat, a camelid (e.g., camel, dromedary, alpaca, llama, vicuña), a goat-like animal (e.g., musk ox), a bovine (e.g., yak), a hare- or rabbit-like animal (e.g., Angora rabbit), or a pig. In addition, hair that is not part of wool (e.g., human head hair) can also be used for the present invention.The use of human hair allows for the advantageous use of this raw material, which is mainly generated in hairdressing salons and otherwise ends up as waste.

[0026] With respect to the total weight of the bag device, but at least with respect to the total weight of the receiving area, the animal material constitutes a weight fraction of at least 20%. Higher weight fractions are also possible. The weight fraction of the animal material, with respect to the total weight of the receiving area, is less than 70%, preferably less than 60%, particularly preferably less than 50%, further preferably less than 40%, and even more preferably less than 30%. A lower weight fraction of the animal material advantageously allows for more efficient use of the animal material, whereby the person skilled in the art can select a corresponding weight fraction of the animal material depending on the required mechanical specifications (e.g., tear resistance).

[0027] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the wall of the receiving area of ​​the bag device consists of at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80%, and most preferably at least 90%, as well as at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, and at least 97%, of spinnable hairs as defined above.

[0028] Preferably, the bag device for receiving and storing materials comprises a receiving area, wherein the material from which the receiving area is formed consists of at least 20% biodegradable bag material, preferably from a renewable raw material, wherein the biodegradable bag material comprises an animal material with a fibrous structure, and wherein the animal material constitutes a weight fraction of at least 20% based on the total weight of the bag device. The use of a renewable raw material such as wool for the manufacture of the device according to the invention opens up the possibility of utilizing lower-quality wool that cannot be used in the textile industry. Further preferred weight fractions of the animal material based on the total weight of the device according to the invention are at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 60%.

[0029] The bag device for receiving and storing materials preferably comprises a receiving area, wherein the material from which the receiving area is formed consists of at least 20% biodegradable bag material, preferably from a renewable raw material, wherein the biodegradable bag material comprises an animal material with a fibrous structure, wherein the animal material constitutes a weight fraction of at least 20% based on the total weight of the bag device, and wherein the bag device is configured for storing waste. Further preferred weight fractions of the animal material based on the total weight of the device according to the invention are at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 60%.

[0030] The receiving area preferably has a tensile strength of at least 10 Newtons (N), preferably at least 20 N, particularly preferably at least 30 N, further preferably at least 40 N, and even more preferably at least 50 N. The person skilled in the art can influence the tensile strength as desired, depending on the material composition chosen and / or the processing method (e.g., thread thickness, weave) selected for forming the receiving area. A higher tensile strength advantageously allows for a higher load-bearing capacity of the bag device and the transport of the material contained within the bag device.

[0031] The volume of the recording area can be freely chosen by the professional.

[0032] The use of horn material for the device according to the invention enables the utilization of this renewable resource. For example, the handles can be made of horn. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the horn material is processed accordingly so that a receiving area can be manufactured from it. For this purpose, horn material could be planed into horn shavings, with the horn shavings being bonded together with a preferably biodegradable adhesive to form the bag mechanism. Alternatively, feather material could also be used, for example, by softening the feathers using an optional process and bonding them together with a preferably biodegradable adhesive to form the bag mechanism. Horn and feather material are generated in large quantities during slaughtering.Both can also be formed into fibers or fiber-like structures using a process, which in turn can be used to shape the receiving area.

[0033] A wool material (also: wool) from a sheep is particularly preferred for the device according to the invention. The species of sheep from which the wool originates is irrelevant. The wool can be processed using known methods to form the bag device according to the invention, in particular the receiving area. Various methods are known to those skilled in the art for producing a textile from the wool, which essentially constitutes the main component of the bag device (the receiving area). In one embodiment, a receiving area can be formed from wool, wherein the wool fibers are not joined together by weaving, knitting, warp knitting, or felting. Instead, the wool fibers or wool fiber components can be cross-linked using an adhesive, which is preferably also biodegradable.

[0034] In particular, the animal material comprises wool, horn, and / or feathers. Therefore, materials other than wool can advantageously be used for the manufacture of the device according to the invention. Feathers, for example from slaughterhouse waste, are nowadays mainly disposed of.

[0035] The individual components of the device can therefore be in the form of lay-up, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, crocheted fabrics, braids, nonwovens, felts, cardboards, needle-punched mats, stitched mats, mats, solidified fibers or similar layers.

[0036] In one embodiment, the animal material comprises keratin or a keratin compound. Keratins are essentially fibrous proteins that can be obtained from wool, feathers, or horn using known methods. Keratins can, for example, be hydrolyzed, which makes them easier to process. Keratin obtained from wool, feathers, or horn can also be referred to as a biopolymer. Such a biopolymer can be formed (laminated) into a film using methods known to those skilled in the art, from which the receiving area is formed. Alternatively, a biopolymer can also be spun into a fiber, which serves as the basis for a weaving technique to create the receiving area. The biopolymer can also be combined with biodegradable plastics (e.g., PLA, PHA, TPS, PCL, PBAT, PEF).The addition of biodegradable plastics can advantageously influence the material properties, especially those of the absorption area, such as elongation, tear resistance or temperature resistance.

[0037] In particular, the animal material comprises keratin or a keratin compound. The keratin or keratin compound can be extracted from, for example, wool using a known extraction method. The keratin thus obtained can be used as a starting material for the formation of a foiled structure. Thus, the inventive

[0038] The device, in particular the receiving area, is designed as a foil-covered structure.

[0039] This has the advantage that the receiving area is already waterproof due to its construction as a foil-covered structure (also: foil).

[0040] In one embodiment, the biodegradable bag material is a biopolymer. A biopolymer comprises protein-based substances that can be obtained from animal raw materials such as wool or plant raw materials using known methods and can be processed into, for example, plastic films using chemical processes.

[0041] As stated above, the bag device is intended for collecting and transporting items such as kitchen waste. This waste often has a high moisture content.

[0042] To prevent the receiving area from becoming saturated, in one embodiment it is provided with at least one impregnating layer. This is understood to be a layer that essentially reduces or preferably completely prevents the passage of water. In a broader sense of the invention, impregnation also includes a coating with an additive, which may comprise at least one of the substances, additives, and / or organisms described below. An additive also comprises enzymatically active structures.

[0043] Preferably, the receiving area is provided with at least one impregnation layer and / or at least one separation layer, wherein at least one impregnation layer or at least one separation layer is designed as a hydrophobic layer and / or as an antibacterial layer.

[0044] In one embodiment, the hydrophobic layer comprises a grease and / or an oil and / or a wax and / or a hydrophobic substance.

[0045] In one embodiment, at least one impregnation layer comprises a fungus and / or a microorganism and / or an enzyme.

[0046] The device according to the invention is wholly or partially coated with a bioactive additive. A bioactive additive comprises microorganisms defined herein, in particular bacteria and / or fungi and / or enzymes. The use of genetically modified microorganisms or enzymes produced via, for example, recombinant synthesis pathways, which are optimized for the degradation of the device according to the invention and / or the degradation of the bag contents to be disposed of, is preferred. The use of these microorganisms or enzymes advantageously results in the bag device and / or its contents being biodegraded more efficiently than would be the case with naturally occurring microorganisms or enzymes. According to a preferred embodiment, bacteria and / or fungi are used as the bioactive additive.

[0047] The bioactive additive can be applied to and / or within the layers of the device according to the invention in the form of a layer and / or be encapsulated.

[0048] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, when bacteria and / or fungi are used, they are present in the form of spores. This has the advantage that they can survive longer without nutrients, which means that the device according to the invention can be stored for a long time – until the bioactive additive comes into contact with the material from which the absorption area is formed and / or with the waste to be degraded, in particular organic waste. In addition, this minimizes or prevents uncontrolled growth (e.g., outgrowth), which also advantageously eliminates the need for complex encapsulation of the bioactive additive.

[0049] Furthermore, the absorption area includes at least one separation layer. Such a layer separates two compartments, e.g., two impregnation layers. A separation layer may, but need not, have the same chemical composition as an impregnation layer. It is preferably formed from at least one hydrophobic layer, but can also be formed from a non-hydrophobic layer. The purpose of a separation layer is described below. A multitude of substances are known to those skilled in the art that can impart hydrophobicity to a layer. In particular, animal or vegetable fats, oils, or waxes are known for their hydrophobic properties. According to the invention, fats, oils, or waxes that are compostable, i.e., at least 20%, and preferably completely, biodegradable, are preferred.The material from which the receiving area is formed (also: textile) can, for example, be provided with a hydrophobic layer or additive using a spraying process. Alternatively, the textile can be soaked in a bath of grease, oil, or wax to apply the impregnation layer. In an alternative embodiment, an additional application of an impregnation layer is unnecessary if the processed bag material itself is sufficiently hydrophobic. Instead of grease, oil, or wax, another water-repellent / hydrophobic substance can also be used. An impregnation layer or a separation layer can also be designed as a textile. For example, the receiving area can be formed from a felt that is bonded to a fibrous textile (e.g., cotton, coconut fiber, wood wool). Preferably, the separation layer is designed to be degradable. This means that it degrades upon contact with a liquid such as, for example,Water dissolves. The separation layer can also be destroyed by mechanical force. Typically, suitable fats or fat-like substances for forming a hydrophobic layer are selected from long-chain aliphatic C14-C36 alcohols, sterols (cholesterol, dihydrocholesterol, lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol, agnosterol, dihydroagnosterol), long-chain saturated and unsaturated C8-C41 fatty acids, in particular saturated C8-C41 fatty acids, and combinations thereof. Particularly preferably, suitable fats or fat-like substances have a melting point of at least 40 °C, more preferably at least 50 °C, and most preferably at least 60 °C, so that they can be used at higher storage temperatures.Particularly suitable fats for forming a hydrophobic layer have been found to be palmitic acid (Ts ~ 63 °C), lanolin (also known as wool grease or wool wax), cetyl alcohol (Ts = 49 °C), carnauba wax (82 °C ≤ Ts ≤ 86 °C), Ceralan (65 °C ≤ Ts ≤ 70 °C), berry wax (Ts - 52 °C), beeswax (61 °C ≤ TS ≤ 65 °C), jasmine wax (Ts ~ 60 °C), plant leaf waxes such as mimosa wax (60 °C ≤ TS ≤ 70 °C), rose wax (45 °C ≤ TS ≤ 65 °C) or violet leaf wax (60 °C ≤ TS ≤ 65 °C), or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are fats such as carnauba wax, Ceralan, berry wax, beeswax, hardened or cross-linked fats, or mixtures thereof. For example, hardening and / or cross-linking of the biodegradable impregnation can be induced by chemical and / or thermal pretreatment (i.e., before contact of the impregnation with the bag material) or post-treatment (i.e., after contact of the impregnation with the bag material).

[0050] To achieve temporary durability and storage stability, the walls, particularly the inner wall, are provided with coatings and / or impregnations made of the aforementioned materials, especially fats, oils, waxes, or combinations thereof, and particularly preferably biodegradable fats, oils, waxes, or combinations thereof. Consequently, the wall of the bag device, particularly the receiving area, and most preferably the inner wall, is provided with a water- and / or oil-repellent coating and / or impregnation and / or laminated with a biodegradable film.

[0051] An impregnation layer and / or separation layer can be designed as an antibacterial layer. This is preferably arranged on the inner wall of the receiving area. Various antimicrobial agents are known to those skilled in the art, which exhibit antimicrobial properties against bacteria and / or fungi. The use of an antibacterial layer advantageously allows for the prevention of odors or a reduction in their development. This is particularly advantageous when organic waste is stored in the receiving area.

[0052] The material from which the absorption area is formed can be scented. This advantageously further counteracts odor formation. Additionally or alternatively to a scent, the absorption area can be coated with a repellent and / or an insecticide. This advantageously prevents fly or moth infestations. A scent can also simultaneously act as a repellent. In one embodiment, dried coffee powder or, preferably, coffee residue (also: dried coffee grounds) is incorporated into the textile of the absorption area. This advantageously further counteracts odor formation, and at the same time, the incorporated coffee residue can serve as fertilizer for saprotrophs, fungi, or microorganisms involved in biodegradation. Furthermore, this advantageously allows coffee grounds to be put to further use.In a further embodiment, the receiving area, preferably its inner wall, can comprise at least one bag structure that contains or can be filled with dried coffee powder / coffee residue.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the material of the receiving area is treated with a fragrance. This advantageously counteracts the development of odors from the waste stored in the receiving area.

[0054] The fragrance or hydrophobic substance can be of plant origin. For example, essential oils (e.g., eucalyptus oil, lemon oil, orange oil) are known to be extracted from various plant species. Furthermore, a fragrance or hydrophobic substance can be of fungal origin. For instance, yeasts can be used to produce certain secondary plant compounds (e.g., fragrances). Additionally, a fragrance or hydrophobic substance (e.g., a fat) can be of animal or synthetic origin, meaning it is produced via a chemical synthesis pathway. A fat or oil that is a byproduct of a previous process is also suitable as a hydrophobic substance for a water-repellent coating. For example, used frying fat could be used as a hydrophobic substance, thus allowing it to be put to further use.

[0055] Preferably the fragrance and / or hydrophobic substance is of plant and / or fungal and / or animal and / or synthetic origin.

[0056] The bag device, in particular the material from which the receiving area is formed, can be chemically or thermally post-treated. A chemical and / or thermal post-treatment advantageously leads to cross-linking of the bag material. This is advantageous, for example, when higher mechanical stability of the bag material is desired. It is known that in the production of felt, which can be used as a bag material according to the invention, steam and the application of force cause the wool fibers to cross-link. This would be understood as a thermal post-treatment. A chemical post-treatment would be understood, for example, if wool fibers were cross-linked using, for example, an adhesive component (e.g., a glue), or if, as already mentioned above, two layers were bonded together.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the bag device and / or the receiving area and / or the biodegradable bag material is chemically and / or thermally post-treated. Preferably, the chemical and / or thermal post-treatment induces cross-linking of the biodegradable bag material and / or the impregnation.

[0058] In addition to the animal-derived bag material described above, the bag material can also include another animal-derived material with a fibrous structure. This refers to a material that exhibits a fibrous structure, at least at the macromolecular level. Examples include collagen and elastin. Adding other animal-derived materials allows for the advantageous modification and / or adjustment of properties such as tear resistance and stability. This makes it beneficial to utilize slaughterhouse waste containing collagen or elastin.

[0059] In one embodiment, the biodegradable bag material additionally or alternatively comprises, in addition to the animal material, another animal material with a fibrous structure and / or a plant material and / or a fungal material and / or a microbial material and / or a synthetic material.

[0060] In one embodiment, the bag material can comprise a plant-based material. For example, the bag material could be essentially made of wool interwoven with wood fibers, coconut fibers, cotton threads, or hemp threads. This can advantageously achieve, for instance, greater stability of the bag device. Furthermore, a fungal material can also be used. It is conceivable, for example, that the substance chitin is isolated from a fungus for use in the bag device according to the invention. In addition, a microbial material (e.g., a microbially produced polysaccharide) or a synthetic material (e.g., a plastic) can also be used as the bag material. Preferably, these materials are at least 20% biodegradable or inert to the organisms or enzymes involved in the biodegradation of the bag device.An inert property is one that has no negative or preferably even a positive influence (e.g. faster biological degradation) on the biological or enzymatic processes during degradation.

[0061] The materials forming the bag device, particularly the receiving area, can be joined individually or in combination using a mechanical process. A mechanical process includes, for example, a weaving technique or a felt-making technique, etc. Using a mechanical process, a bag material can be produced, for example, as a textile (e.g., boiled wool, felt, loden) or a net, from which the receiving area is then formed. It is immaterial which weaving technique the person skilled in the art chooses to form the receiving area according to the invention. Various weaving techniques (e.g., plain weave, twill weave, satin) are well known from the prior art. In a preferred embodiment, the receiving area comprises felt.An advantage of using felt is that it can be manufactured with a thickness of less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3.5 mm, particularly preferably less than 2.5 mm, and most preferably less than 1.5 mm, thus requiring less material and reducing the weight and cost of the bag device. Conversely, a greater material thickness allows for a more stable receiving area and increased load-bearing capacity of the bag device. Cross-linking with at least one other bag material (e.g., a biopolymer or a biodegradable plastic) can give the felt higher tear resistance and / or lower water permeability.

[0062] The materials forming the bag device, particularly the receiving area, can be bonded individually or in combination using a semi-mechanical process. Examples of semi-mechanical processes include vapor deposition, deposition, or spraying. An advantage of such a process is that a bag material and / or an impregnation layer and / or a separation layer can be applied with a very thin layer thickness, thus advantageously achieving material and weight savings.

[0063] The recording area can have a woven or felt-like structure. Both structures can be obtained through a mechanical process. It is also conceivable to combine a mechanical and a semi-mechanical process. For example, felt could be produced as the base material for the recording area using a mechanical process, while an impregnation layer, for instance, could be applied using a semi-mechanical process.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the receiving area has a woven or felt-like structure. In a further embodiment, the receiving area has a foil-coated structure. In a further embodiment, the receiving area comprises a woven structure and / or a felt-like structure as well as a foil-coated structure. In embodiments where woven or felt-like structures are combined with foil-coated structures, e.g., by layering, the advantages of both structures can be achieved, such as the mechanical strength of woven or felt-like structures and the water impermeability of foil-coated structures.

[0065] In one embodiment, the materials are joined together individually or in combination with the animal material via a mechanical or semi-mechanical process.

[0066] In one embodiment, the receiving area comprises a foil-coated structure. This is the case, for example, when a biopolymer is used as the basis for the bag material according to the invention. A foil-coated structure is known, for example, from common plastic films. Advantageously, the use of a foil-coated structure of the bag material results in material and weight savings compared to a woven or felt-like structure. In addition, the use of a foil-coated structure advantageously allows the inclusion of a gas. In one embodiment of the invention, the receiving area does not include an opening. Instead, the receiving area comprises at least one gas chamber filled with a gas (e.g., air). Thus, according to the invention, a gas is to be understood as a material that can be arranged within or is surrounded by the receiving area. At least one gas chamber can also be arranged next to another.For example, bubble wrap can be produced in this way, which is suitable for transporting fragile goods. The bubble wrap can be made from a biopolymer produced from wool, especially keratins, with the addition of further additives (e.g., other biopolymers, biodegradable plastics, etc.).

[0067] In one embodiment, the bag device is formed from air-chamber-filled and foil-lined receiving areas. In another embodiment, the bag device is formed from air-chamber-filled and foil-lined receiving areas that additionally have a reinforcing layer, which is formed, for example, from fiber-like structures as defined herein. Thus, mechanically stable packaging units can be provided, for example, for packaging fragile goods.

[0068] The absorption area can comprise a combination of a woven structure and / or felt-like structure and / or foiled structure, the first two advantageously contributing to mechanical strength, while the foiled structure, which may additionally be coated with one of the substances described above (e.g. hydrophobic substance, fragrance, etc.), prevents or minimizes the penetration of moisture.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the foiled structure is combined with at least one further foiled structure and / or combined with a separation layer and / or coated with an additive, in particular a bioactive or catalytic additive.

[0070] The composition of an impregnating layer can include a fungus and / or a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium), preferably in a dormant state, i.e., a state of low metabolic activity—often referred to as the spore stage—which advantageously results in a longer shelf life. Additionally or alternatively, the impregnating layer can also include an enzyme. The fungus, microorganism, or enzyme is preferably capable of cleaving at least keratin and / or cellulose and / or chitin and / or lignin and / or a biodegradable plastic (e.g., PLA, PHA, TPS, PCL, PBAT, PEF), or a material composition of at least one of the aforementioned. The cleavage of these macromolecules is known to be achieved via keratinases, cellulases, chitinases, and ligninases, respectively. These can be isolated from various species and / or produced recombinantly in microorganisms.

[0071] Particularly preferably, the fungus and / or microorganism and / or enzyme has the ability to degrade cellulose, or lignin, or chitin, or keratin, or PLA, or PHA, or TPS, or PCL, or PBAT, or PEF, or a material composition consisting of at least one of the aforementioned materials. Advantageously, this allows for the degradation of various embodiments of the bag device.

[0072] In one embodiment, the device comprises at least one separation layer which delimits microorganisms and / or enzymes defined herein from the material of the receiving area. Preferably, the separation layer is designed to degrade depending on, for example, humidity or mechanical disturbance.

[0073] In one embodiment, the separation layer spatially separates the fungus and / or the microorganism and / or the enzyme from the bag material. In particular, a disruption of the separation layer allows the fungus and / or the microorganism and / or the enzyme to come into contact with the bag material. Preferably, this layer is designed to be degraded by wetting with a liquid such as water or by microbiological or enzymatic activity.

[0074] The fungus, microorganism, and / or enzyme are preferably spatially separated from the bag material by a separation layer, so that they are not initially in contact with it. Disruption of the separation layer, for example, by tearing the bag assembly or by the separation layer becoming saturated, leads to contact between the fungus, microorganism, and / or enzyme and the bag material. This advantageously results in faster biodegradation of both the bag material and the contents of the collection area, and preferably only when the bag assembly and its contents are actually intended for biodegradation (e.g., on a compost heap, in a composting facility, or in a biogas plant). This is particularly advantageous if the bag material contains, for example, wood fibers and / or cotton fibers.

[0075] In one embodiment, the separation layer separates the microorganism and / or a catalytically active additive from the contents of the absorption area.

[0076] In one embodiment, the bag device, in particular the receiving area, is formed with at least three layers. The layers can be made of different materials as defined herein. At least one layer is arranged between two other layers or surrounds at least one layer and is designed as a separation layer.

[0077] In one embodiment, the bag device is designed such that the inside of the receiving area, i.e., the side facing the material to be collected, is coated with an antimicrobial additive. In another embodiment, the inside and / or the outside of the receiving area is coated with a catalytic additive and / or a bioactive additive. This advantageously allows specific microorganisms to be introduced into the waste to be degraded, for example, to accelerate its degradation. It is known, for instance, that so-called effective microorganisms are used to produce "Bokashi." The precise composition of the effective microorganisms can be selected by those skilled in the art.

[0078] In one embodiment, the material from which the receiving area is formed comprises a catalytic additive (e.g., glucose) that increases the biological activity of the fungus, microorganism, and / or enzyme, particularly during biodegradation. Preferably, the catalytic additive comes into contact with the fungus, microorganism, and / or enzyme by disrupting the separation layer. Advantageously, a catalytic additive can be used to accelerate biodegradation and shorten the time to mineralization compared to a device according to the invention without a catalytic additive. A catalytic additive can, for example, be applied to the bag material using a semi-mechanical process or be contained within the bag material. For instance, sugarcane or sugar beet fibers, which are generated as waste during sugar production, could be interwoven with the wool material.The addition of a catalytic additive advantageously enables a rapid increase in the number of fungi or microorganisms, ensuring a greater number are present to break down the bag device and the waste it contains. The use of fibrous catalytic additives, such as sugar cane fibers, further enhances the mechanical stability of the bag device, particularly the collection area.

[0079] In one embodiment, the pouch device comprises a swellable substance that is biodegradable. This substance could be, for example, konjac flour and / or other natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic polymers that exhibit good biocompatibility. The swellable substance, in its dehydrated state (e.g., as a powder), can be incorporated into or encompassed by the material from which the receiving area is formed. Advantageously, a swellable substance expands in volume upon contact with a liquid (e.g., water), thus providing a larger substrate volume that supports the growth of microorganisms, particularly fungi. The increased volume, or surface area, allows the microorganisms to absorb more nutrients. A larger surface area also facilitates gas exchange, such as oxygen.

[0080] It is desirable that the swelling substance be selected from a group of substances or mixtures of substances that exhibit pronounced swelling properties. Polysaccharides (e.g., alginic acid, starch, pectins, chitin, cellulose) are also suitable for this purpose.

[0081] According to a preferred embodiment, the swellable substance is selected from swellable materials such as konjac flour, tapioca starch, cassava starch, sago starch.

[0082] In one embodiment, one or more swellable substances are present as essentially pelletized and / or spherical units, e.g., with a diameter preferably of 0.5 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably between 2 mm and 8 mm, and most preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm. Depending on requirements and application, other diameters for a swellable substance formed as an essentially pelletized and / or spherical unit can also be considered. These swellable substances, formed as an essentially pelletized and / or spherical unit, can be coated with a coating material that degrades upon contact with a liquid, such as water. Those skilled in the art know which coating configurations (e.g., hard gelatin, cellulose derivatives) are suitable for coating the spherical units. It is also known to those skilled in the art how to prepare a powdered material, such as...konjac flour can be compressed into a compact that essentially takes on a pelletized or spherical shape, which, for example, does not exceed a diameter of 10 mm.

[0083] In one embodiment, the swellable substance is mixed with an additive defined herein, in particular a bioactive or catalytically active additive, to further enhance the effect described above. This advantageously supports, for example, the growth of mycelia. In another embodiment, fungi, microorganisms, or enzymes, or a mixture thereof, are selected that exhibit reduced or no activity at room temperature (approximately 23 °C) and below, and are active at temperatures higher than room temperature. This temperature is preferably more than 5 °C, particularly preferably more than 10 °C, very preferably more than 15 °C, and further particularly preferably more than 20 °C, and even more preferably more than 25 °C, higher than room temperature. This advantageously ensures that any biological degradation caused by the added fungi, microorganisms, or enzymes is not already, for example,This occurs in the household where the bag device according to the invention is stored, and it degrades and its mechanical stability is impaired even before its intended disposal. Temperatures higher than 23 °C are found, for example, in compost heaps and influence the accelerated biodegradation. It is known that temperatures in compost bins or composting plants can easily exceed 70 °C. Especially at the beginning of composting, these high temperatures are necessary for the decomposition process. Temperatures between 60 °C and 70 °C are considered ideal, as they, among other things, kill harmful organisms (homogenization and sanitization) and promote the decomposition of the biodegradable material. However, the process can easily become uncontrolled if the mixture of the compost material is not balanced, causing the temperatures to rise continuously.This can happen, for example, if there is too much fresh grass clippings. If the heat in the compost heap builds up to over 80°C, the decomposition rate slows down. Above 100°C, only chemical decomposition of the organic materials takes place, not biological decomposition. Larger quantities of grass clippings can even spontaneously combust at such temperatures.

[0084] In accordance with the invention, genetically modified microorganisms can also be used whose metabolic activity is adapted for a temperature range of 50 °C to 100 °C or above, in order to enable the most efficient biodegradation possible. Advantageously, genetically modified microorganisms or designed enzymes are able to biodegrade the bag device and / or the contents of the intake area more efficiently than naturally occurring microorganisms or enzymes.

[0085] In a further embodiment, the bag device according to the invention can be provided for biological degradation within a biogas plant. Biogas plants typically contain microorganisms that exhibit increased activity in temperature ranges of approximately 30 to approximately 50 °C, or at higher temperature ranges.

[0086] The design using a lightweight felt allows for larger air spaces within the textile and promotes gas and water exchange, thereby enabling more efficient biodegradation of the bag material. In one embodiment, an impregnation layer comprises at least one microorganism (bacterium, fungus) and / or an enzyme capable of cleaving a biopolymer or synthetically produced polymer that may be a component of the bag material and / or the material stored within the containment area. This allows plastics, particularly biodegradable plastics, to degrade more quickly than is currently possible.

[0087] The bag device according to the invention is preferably composted / biodegraded to at least 20%, more preferably to at least 40%, and further, more preferably to at least 60%, within a period of 8 weeks. It is further preferably that the bag device according to the invention is 90% degraded after 10 weeks. Furthermore, and more preferably, the degradation of the bag device takes place as required and determined by DIN EN 13432.

[0088] Preferably, the bag device or the (biodegradable) bag material is at least 20% biodegradable within a period of 8 weeks or at least 90% biodegradable within a period of 10 weeks. The rate of biodegradation depends on various factors such as temperature and humidity.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the bag device includes a drawstring system. Such a system is known, for example, from common garbage bags. The opening of the collection area can be closed with a closable drawstring system. The drawstring system preferably comprises a material that is also biodegradable. For example, a drawstring system can be formed on a woolen cord. Preferably, the drawstring system is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the opening of the collection area. During intended use, the collection area can be filled with a material (e.g., organic waste) and closed using the drawstring system.

[0090] The invention further relates to a combination product for storing materials and comprises a bag device and a material described herein, wherein the combination product is manufactured by arranging the material within the receiving area, wherein the material is transportable within the receiving area, and wherein the combination product is preferably at least 20% compostable / biodegradable.

[0091] The invention further relates to a combination product for storing materials, goods, in particular bulk goods and / or waste, wherein the combination product is manufactured by arranging a bag device defined therein, having a receiving area, on or in a bag fixing device. Preferably, the bag fixing device is transportable.

[0092] A bag fixing device is understood to be any device suitable for receiving or storing the bag device. Preferably, the bag device can be arranged on or connected to the bag fixing device at at least two, in particular at least three, and especially preferably four or more, points. Preferably, the at least three, and especially preferably four or more, points on the bag fixing device are arranged such that, when a bag device is inserted as intended, at least one opening of the bag device can be opened or is already open. The points on the bag fixing device for arranging the bag device can also be designed as a fixing element that is at least partially circumferential, e.g., as a rectangle, oval, or ring that is at least partially circumferential. The fixing element that is at least partially circumferential can, for example, be in the form of a rail.

[0093] A bag fixing device can be a transport container, a pallet (e.g., a Heilbronn half pallet), or a structure onto which the bag fixing device can be suspended like a sack. Advantageously, the bag fixing device is designed such that at least two bag fixing devices can be stacked in one spatial direction.

[0094] The bag device can be designed so that the receiving area can be opened at the bottom, allowing the stored goods or waste to be emptied. This advantageously enables the bag device to be reused.

[0095] Preferably, the bag device comprises – according to its intended use – at least one lower opening and one upper opening arranged opposite to the lower opening. The bag device can be filled and / or emptied via at least one of the openings.

[0096] In one embodiment, the bag device lines a container, the thickness of which is selected such that goods transported within the receiving area are dampened against vibrations. For example, the thickness of the receiving area is 10 to 50 cm, preferably 5 to 30 cm.

[0097] In a further embodiment, the receiving area is formed from a fibrous material (e.g., wool) as described herein, wherein at least one swellable substance is arranged in cavities of the receiving area or in spaces between the fibers. Thus, the shape of the receiving area or the bag device can adapt to the shape of the goods to be transported within the receiving area when a liquid, such as water or liquid from biodegradable waste and / or organic waste, is added. Through the swelling of the swellable substance, the receiving area conforms to the goods to be transported.

[0098] In one embodiment, the bag device for receiving and storing materials comprises a receiving area, wherein the material from which the receiving area is formed is at least 20% composed of a biodegradable bag material, preferably from a renewable raw material, wherein the biodegradable bag material comprises an animal material with a fibrous structure, wherein the animal material has a weight fraction of at least 20% based on the total weight of the bag device, and wherein at least one swellable substance is arranged in cavities of the receiving area or in spaces between the fibers.

[0099] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the bag device or the combination product according to the invention as a collection or transport container for materials intended as food or feed and / or for composting / biodegradation in a composting facility and / or a biogas plant. EXAMPLES OF EXECUTION

[0100] A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a bag device including a collection area made of felted wool. The bag device is tubular in shape and has a base which, during normal use, rests on the base of the waste bin. The wall thickness of the collection area is approximately 2 mm. The volume of the collection area is 20 liters, allowing it to be placed in a standard kitchen waste bin. Organic waste can be placed inside the tubular collection area. Once full, the collection area, along with the organic waste it contains, can be lifted out of the waste bin and disposed of on a compost heap for biodegradation.

[0101] The described embodiment of the invention is to be understood as exemplary and not limiting. The invention can also be implemented in a different manner.

[0102] For example, the woolen receiving area facing the organic waste can be comprehensively coated with a grease impregnation layer to prevent the bag material from becoming soggy.

[0103] The foregoing descriptions are only preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Bag device for holding and storing materials, wherein the bag device has a receiving area formed from a first fibre type, wherein the material from which the receiving area is formed comprises at least 20% biodegradable bag material, wherein the biodegradable bag material comprises an animal material with a fibrous and / or foiled structure, wherein the animal material comprises at least 20% by weight of the total weight of the bag device, wherein the receiving area comprises a second fibre type which is bonded to the first fibre type, if the latter is formed from a sheet-like structure, or interwoven with the first fibre type of the receiving area, if the latter is formed from a fibrous structure, characterised in that the second fibre type is provided with a coating, wherein the coating comprises an additive, in particular a catalytically active additive or bioactive additive, wherein at least one degradable separation layer rests on the receiving area, wherein the degradable separation layer is designed to separate a bioactive additive and / or a catalytically active additive from the material of receiving area as long as the degradable separation layer is intact.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the bag device comprises a biodegradable swellable substance, wherein the swellable substance is adapted to increase its volume upon contact with a liquid to provide a larger substrate volume that supports the growth of microorganisms.

3. Device according to claim 2, wherein the swellable substance is mixed with the bioactive additive or the catalytically active additive.

4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the material from which the receiving area is formed comprises a catalytic additive (e.g. glucose) which is adapted to increase the biological activity of the microorganism during biodegradation.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the receiving area is provided with at least one impregnation layer.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inner side of the receiving area is coated with a permanent or spore stage of a microorganism, wherein the permanent or spore stage of the microorganism is arranged between the separation layer and the inner side of the receiving area.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the biodegradable bag material additionally or alternatively to the animal material comprises a further animal material with a fibrous structure and / or a plant material and / or a fungal material and / or a microbial material and / or a synthetic material.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the biodegradable bag material is present as a biopolymer.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the receiving area comprises a woven structure and / or a felt-like structure and a foiled structure.

10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, wherein at least one impregnation layer comprises a fungus and / or a microorganism and / or an enzyme.

11. Device according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the degradable separation layer spatially separates the permanent or spore stage of a fungus and / or a microorganism and / or an enzyme from the bag material as long as the separation layer is intact.

12. Device according to claim 11, wherein the fungus and / or microorganism and / or enzyme has the ability to degrade cellulose, or lignin, or chitin, or keratin, or PLA, or PHA, or TPS, or PCL, or PBAT, or PEF, or a material composition comprising at least one of the aforementioned materials.

13. Combination product for storing materials and / or waste, comprising a) a bag device with a receiving area according to one of claims 1 to 12, b) a bag fixing device, wherein the combination product is provided by arranging the bag device on or within the bag fixing device.

14. Use of the bag device according to one of claims 1 to 12, or a combination product according to claim 13, as a collection or transport container for materials intended as food or feed and / or for composting / biodegradation in a composting facility and / or a biogas plant.