Pressure container with an interior and method for manufacturing a pressure container

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a pressure vessel with an interior, in particular for storing hydrogen, and a method for manufacturing a pressure vessel, in particular a recyclable pressure vessel, with an interior, in particular for storing hydrogen.

[0002] Pressure vessels are generally well-known. They are categorized into different types. Type 1 refers to an all-metal pressure vessel. Type 2 refers to a pressure vessel with a metal liner reinforced with fibers to strengthen the cylindrical vessel section. A liner is generally understood as a hollow body forming the interior of the pressure vessel. Type 3 refers to a pressure vessel with a metal liner reinforced almost entirely with fibers. Type 4 refers to a pressure vessel with a plastic liner reinforced entirely with fibers. Type 5 refers to pressure vessels without a liner, where the vessel wall is entirely formed by fiber wrapping.

[0003] Pressure vessels are used for a variety of applications and in different sizes. Due to the increasing importance of alternative drive technologies for vehicles, pressure vessels are being used more and more in mobile applications or for transporting gases. To meet the high safety requirements of mobile applications and transport, pressure vessels with fiber-reinforced walls are primarily used. Furthermore, pressure vessels with fiber-reinforced walls generally offer the advantage of low weight, thus enabling greater vehicle range in mobile applications and transport. In addition, the high strength of pressure vessels with fiber-reinforced walls allows for high energy storage density, giving vehicles with such a pressure vessel used as a fuel tank a greater driving range.

[0004] The large number of pressure vessels to be manufactured in this way makes recyclability a key consideration. Currently, pressure vessels made of thermoset fiber-reinforced plastics are predominantly used for hydrogen applications, for example, because they are easy to manufacture using established processes. Reshaping pressure vessels made of thermoset fiber-reinforced plastics is generally not possible after curing.

[0005] Recycling processes for such pressure vessels are essentially limited to at least partially destroying the material mechanically, thermally, and / or chemically. One possibility, in particular, is to mechanically shred the pressure vessel in hammer mills or cutting mills, for example, by chopping it. The quality and homogeneity of the recyclate is generally reduced by mechanical shredding, as the fibers are present in a non-uniform and shortened form and length.

[0006] Thermal recycling processes include incineration of the material for energy recovery and decomposition of the matrix plastic through pyrolysis. In these processes, the matrix plastic is essentially completely dissolved. The properties of the fibers are impaired compared to their original state, meaning these fibers are only suitable for applications with lower requirements.

[0007] In chemical recycling processes, the matrix plastic is removed through solvolysis using solvents. The energy consumption is lower compared to thermal recycling processes; however, the process requires expensive reactors and catalysts.

[0008] An alternative to the use of thermoset fiber-reinforced plastics is the application of thermoplastic fiber-reinforced plastics, which have different properties. Components made of thermoplastic fiber-reinforced plastics are also typically recycled by shredding, but the resulting material has impaired mechanical properties compared to the original material.

[0009] German patent DE 10 2016 117 559 A1 describes a method and a device for recycling thermoplastic fiber-reinforced composite materials. This method involves removing the thermoplastic fiber-reinforced composite material layer by layer from a component and obtaining it as recyclate. The method can also include heating the fiber-reinforced composite material to facilitate removal. However, experience has shown that this method is complex for components with numerous layers of fiber-reinforced composite materials. In particular, the initial process on surfaces with limited accessibility or significant curves is difficult to automate. The time and manual effort required for recycling significantly reduce the efficiency of the method.

[0010] German patent DE 10 2017 220 882 A1 discloses a pressure vessel with reinforcement made of thermoplastic and thermoset plastic. The publication "Christ, Timo Klaus: Dissertation. Computational and experimental investigations on the failure behavior of CFRP-wrapped cryogenic pressure vessels. Technical University of Munich for obtaining the academic degree of Doctor of Engineering (Dr.-Ing.): November 28, 2017 URL: https: / / mediatum.ub.tum.de / doc / 1366807 / 1366807.pdf [accessed on April 1, 2022]" discloses various designs of pressure vessels.

[0011] US 2019 / 170297 A1 discloses a pressure unit with a tape-based reinforcement structure. JP 2019172799 A discloses a method for extracting carbon fibers from a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix. US 2004 / 045970 A1 discloses a fiber-reinforced pressure unit and a method for manufacturing a fiber-reinforced pressure unit. US 2019 / 240871 A1 discloses a method and a unit for recycling thermoplastic, fiber-reinforced composite material. US 2018 / 370157 A1 discloses tapes. DE 10 2017 220 882 A1 discloses a pressure vessel with reinforcement made of thermoplastic and thermoset materials, as well as a manufacturing method. US 2016 / 159649 A1 discloses a method for recycling composite containers for high-pressure gases. JPH 10292899 A discloses a composite tank for use in a vehicle. JP 2019108903 A discloses a high-pressure tank with a liner.

[0012] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a pressure vessel with an interior, particularly for storing hydrogen, and a method for manufacturing a pressure vessel with an interior, which reduce or eliminate one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a solution that enables the recycling of a pressure vessel with minimal effort. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide an alternative for a recyclable pressure vessel.

[0013] This problem is solved by a pressure vessel and a method according to the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of these aspects are specified in the respective dependent claims. The features listed individually in the claims and the description can be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful way, and further embodiments of the invention are shown.

[0014] According to a first aspect, the problem is solved by the pressure vessel according to claim 1.

[0015] The invention is based on the understanding that the recyclability of thermoplastic fiber-reinforced composites can be improved by component-specific recycling properties. In particular, the previously mentioned high time expenditure and limited automation of the start-up process on surfaces with limited accessibility or highly curved surfaces can be reduced by a pressure vessel whose composite material unit is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers of the composite material unit can be removed as continuous fibers.

[0016] Furthermore, the invention is based on the finding that the recycling rate can be increased with such a pressure vessel. The inventors have discovered that the mechanical forces required for the recycling process, as well as the high temperatures, can be reduced with such a pressure vessel. Moreover, reactors for chemical recycling processes are not required.

[0017] The pressure vessel enables high-quality recycling. The recyclates recovered from this pressure vessel can be reused for the production of high-quality products made from continuous fiber semi-finished products. This makes the recycled material recovered from pressure vessels at the end of their life cycle usable in existing manufacturing processes, thus saving energy and costs in material production. A pressure vessel designed in this way, or the composite material unit it contains, is advantageously recyclable or reusable because the solid structure of the composite material unit can be broken down by removing the reinforcing fibers and at least partially removing the thermoplastic matrix.

[0018] The existing similarity of the material properties to those of virgin semi-finished products enables, for the first time, the use of fiber-reinforced plastics in the context of a circular economy. In particular, a pressure vessel designed in this way, as explained in more detail below, can be refurbished after its service life and the processed materials reused.

[0019] The pressure vessel is a reusable pressure vessel, particularly for storing fluid, preferably a gas, especially hydrogen, preferably liquid gas, especially liquid hydrogen. The pressure vessel has an interior space, which is specifically designed for storing hydrogen, preferably liquid hydrogen. The interior space can also be understood as a cavity. The interior space can have one, two, or more openings through which a fluid can be filled in or escaped.

[0020] The pressure vessel comprises the vessel wall. The vessel wall at least partially encloses the interior. The vessel wall is preferably arranged and designed to allow a nominal pressure of 100 bar or greater, 200 bar or greater, 350 bar or greater, or 700 bar or greater. A hollow body, described in more detail below, may be arranged between the vessel wall and the interior. The vessel wall has or consists of the composite material unit.

[0021] The composite material unit comprises reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The composite material unit is a thermoplastic tape.

[0022] The reinforcing fibers can be, for example, carbon fibers or glass fibers. Carbon fibers and glass fibers have the advantage of being thermally stable at the melting temperature of thermoplastic polymer matrices. Furthermore, other reinforcing fibers known to those skilled in the art, such as polymer fibers, can also be used. The composite material unit is, in particular, a processed thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product containing continuous fibers. The continuous fibers of the thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product are preferably arranged and / or aligned unidirectionally. Furthermore, additional fiber orientations of the continuous fibers of the thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product, deviating from the unidirectional arrangement and / or alignment, can also be provided. The thermoplastic continuous fiber semi-finished product is also referred to as UD tape.The composite material unit preferably has a fiber volume content that is furthermore preferably more than 30%, more than 40%, and in particular more than 50%.

[0023] The composite material unit is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers can be removed as continuous fibers. This ensures that the reinforcing fibers remain almost entirely intact and of high quality after removal. Continuous fibers are defined in particular as reinforcing fibers with a length of more than 50 mm, more than 100 mm, more than 1 m, more than 10 m, more than 100 m, or more than 1000 m. The fact that the reinforcing fibers can be removed as continuous fibers can, for example, mean that they can be removed essentially without damage.

[0024] The fact that the composite material unit is reusable means, in particular, that the reinforcing fibers and, in part, the thermoplastic matrix can be removed in such a way that they can subsequently be reused. This can include rolling the composite material unit to be reused or adding more matrix material to it.

[0025] The composite material unit is arranged to be removable, such that essentially the reinforcing fibers and the polymer matrix are removable. It is particularly preferred that the polymer matrix, along with the reinforcing fibers, can be removed completely or partially without damage, so that the composite material unit itself can be removed essentially without damage. Essentially without damage means, for example, that more than 20%, more than 30%, more than 40%, or more than 50% of the reinforcing fibers are present as continuous fibers after removal.

[0026] The pressure vessel can also be designed for storing natural gas. The pressure vessel can also be designed for storing compressed air. Furthermore, it is preferred that the pressure vessel be intended for mobile applications on roads, railways, and in aviation, as well as for stationary applications and transport.

[0027] The composite material unit can be processed into the container wall using an additive winding process, for example. In this process, the layers of the composite material unit can be consolidated both during winding (in-situ) and / or afterward. Furthermore, the reinforcing fiber and the polymer matrix can be combined into the composite material unit during component manufacturing.

[0028] According to the invention, the composite material unit is arranged and designed such that the thermoplastic polymer matrix with the reinforcing fibers is removable. A pressure vessel designed in this way has the advantage that the composite material unit can be removed essentially without damage, so that it can, for example, be wound up and subsequently reused to manufacture a component, such as a pressure vessel. Therefore, no separation of the reinforcing fibers and the polymer matrix is ​​necessary. Thus, a particularly high degree of recycling of the pressure vessel is possible, and minimal effort is required to process the removed composite material unit.

[0029] In particular, good adhesion between the reinforcing fibers and the plastic matrix of the composite material unit has a beneficial effect on the removal of the composite material unit.

[0030] Another preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel provides that the composite material unit extends from an arrangement start to an arrangement end and that a detachable section of the composite material unit adjacent to the arrangement end is arranged and / or designed to be detachable.

[0031] The composite material unit is arranged, in particular, first with the start of the arrangement, then with a section between the start and end of the arrangement, and finally with the end of the arrangement. In the case of a wound pressure vessel, for example, the start of the winding is the beginning of the winding and the end of the arrangement is the end of the winding. The start of the arrangement preferably has a smaller distance from the interior in a radial direction of the pressure vessel than the end of the arrangement.

[0032] The detachable section is designed and / or arranged in such a way that it can be detached without damage. The detachable section is designed and arranged in such a way that it can be detached from a substrate, which may be, for example, a composite material unit, the composite material unit itself, or a hollow body. Designed and arranged in such a way that it can be detached from the substrate with less force and / or less effort than the rest of the composite material unit.

[0033] A defined release section allows the composite material unit to be easily gripped, thus simplifying its removal. In particular, the resulting advantageously accessible interlocking area can be mechanically and / or thermally manipulated.

[0034] In another preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, it is provided that the release section has a strength-reducing release layer on a side of the composite material unit facing the interior.

[0035] The release layer can, for example, consist of or comprise a material different from the material of the composite material unit. The material of the release layer can, for example, be plastic. Furthermore, the intermediate layer can comprise or consist of a fiber composite material that has a higher matrix material content than the composite material unit. It is also preferred that the release layer comprises additional elements, such as nanoparticles and / or short fibers.

[0036] In a further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, the detachable section is partially consolidated, such that the bond strength, in particular the shear strength, of the detachable section is lower than the bond strength of a consolidated section of the composite material unit. The partial consolidation of the detachable section can be achieved, for example, by a lower temperature, lower pressure, and / or a higher manufacturing speed of the pressure vessel.

[0037] The bond strength of the partially consolidated detachable section can preferably be between 5 MPa and 30 MPa, for example 20 MPa, and the bond strength of the consolidated section can preferably be between 30 MPa and 80 MPa, for example 50 MPa. The bond strength, preferably the shear strength, relates in particular to the strength of the detachable section with a substrate.

[0038] The substrate is, for example, a section of another material unit or the composite material unit located beneath the detachable section. Such a detachable section can be created directly during manufacturing, and essentially no additional process steps and / or materials are required.

[0039] Another preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel is characterized in that the detachment section extends from the end of the arrangement with a detachment extent, and the detachment extent is more than 1 millimeter, more than 2 millimeters, more than 5 millimeters, more than 10 millimeters and / or less than 100 millimeters, less than 50 millimeters, less than 25 millimeters, less than 15 millimeters, less than 10 millimeters.

[0040] It is further preferred that the pressure vessel comprises two or more, preferably a plurality, composite material units, each with one end. The length of a single composite material unit can be, for example, 100 meters to 2000 meters. It is particularly preferred that the pressure vessel has 5 to 15, for example, 10 composite material units. Preferably, 20 to 150 layers, particularly 50 to 100 layers, can thus be formed one above the other. It is also preferred that the composite material unit is a composite material web.

[0041] In a further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, it comprises a cylindrical vessel section with a cylinder circumferential direction, wherein a first composite material unit is arranged along the cylinder circumferential direction of the vessel section and / or a second composite material unit is arranged at an angle, in particular orthogonally, to the cylinder circumferential direction.

[0042] Along the cylinder's circumferential direction means, in particular, that a principal extension direction or longitudinal direction of the first composite material unit is oriented substantially parallel to the cylinder's circumferential direction. Substantially can mean, for example, that there is a degree deviation of less than 15 degrees, less than 10 degrees, less than 5 degrees, or less than 2.5 degrees between the principal extension direction or longitudinal direction of the first composite material unit and the cylinder's circumferential direction. This deviation can also be defined by the winding angle, where a degree deviation of 10 degrees corresponds to a winding angle of 80 degrees. The second composite material unit can, for example, be a cross-layer and / or a local reinforcement layer.

[0043] The pressure vessel preferably has a first dome section. Furthermore, it is preferred that the pressure vessel has a second dome section. Preferably, the cylindrical vessel section is arranged between the first dome section and the second dome section. In a preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, the second composite material unit is provided that it surrounds the cylindrical vessel section, the first dome section, and the second dome section.

[0044] According to a further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, it is provided that more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 90%, and in particular more than 95% of the arrangement ends are arranged within the cylindrical vessel section.

[0045] Within the cylindrical container section means, in particular, that the assembly ends are adjacent to the cylindrical container section and, specifically, are not located within the dome sections. This makes the assembly ends more accessible for removing the composite material units, and furthermore, they lie outside the areas with complex stress states and changes in geometry that are typically found in the dome sections.

[0046] Furthermore, it is preferred that the ends of the arrangement are distributed substantially uniformly along a vessel surface of the pressure vessel and / or within the cylindrical vessel section. "Subtly uniformly distributed" means, for example, that the ends of the arrangement have substantially equal spacing from one another in the direction of the vessel surface. It is particularly preferred that the ends of the arrangement are positioned at different locations on the vessel surface, especially within the cylindrical vessel section.

[0047] According to a further preferred embodiment of the pressure vessel, it is provided that it comprises a hollow body, in particular a liner, forming the interior, wherein the composite material unit(s) is / are arranged on an outer surface of the hollow body and / or the underside of the composite material unit faces the outer surface. Such a pressure vessel can be manufactured with particularly little effort.

[0048] According to another aspect, the aforementioned problem is solved by a method according to claim 9.

[0049] The process is, in particular, an additive winding process. Preferably, the process comprises in-situ consolidation of the composite material unit by the application of force and / or heat. Furthermore, the additive winding process can include partial consolidation of the composite material unit, wherein the partially consolidated composite material unit is subsequently consolidated. The subsequent consolidation can, for example, take place in a pressurized environment with thermal influence, particularly in an autoclave.

[0050] A preferred embodiment of the method provides that the composite material unit has an arrangement end, and the method comprises the steps of: detecting the arrangement end position on the pressure vessel and generating and providing data characterizing the arrangement end position. The arrangement end position can, for example, be determined relative to a reference point on the pressure vessel.

[0051] It is preferred that a detachment section be formed adjacent to the end of the arrangement. In particular, it is preferred that the detachment section be partially consolidated, so that it has a reduced connection strength.

[0052] Furthermore, the method preferably includes the step of: performing path planning to plan directions in which the composite material unit is arranged.

[0053] Furthermore, it is preferred that the method includes the step of: acquiring a temperature, a pressure, tape properties and / or consolidation properties, as well as generating and providing data that characterize one, two or more of the parameters mentioned above.

[0054] Another preferred embodiment of the method involves arranging the composite material unit with a specific orientation, comprising the steps of: determining the orientation of the composite material unit and generating and providing data characterizing the orientation. The orientation is at least substantially the same as the fiber direction or fiber orientation. The data characterizing the orientation and / or the final position of the arrangement can, for example, be provided to a CAD and / or CAM system.

[0055] Preferably, the pressure vessel has a plurality of arrangement end positions and / or arrangement directions, wherein the method comprises the step of generating and providing data characterizing the arrangement end positions and / or arrangement directions.

[0056] A further preferred development of the method comprises the step of generating a digital image of the pressure vessel based on data characterizing the arrangement end position(s) and / or based on data characterizing the arrangement direction(s). The digital image can also be generated based on data characterizing the pressure vessel geometry. Such a digital image can also be referred to as a digital twin. The digital image represents, in particular, a geometry, one, two, or more dimensions of the pressure vessel, and / or the arrangement end positions. Furthermore, the digital image can represent one, two, or more arrangement directions.

[0057] It is further preferred that the method includes the step of aligning the pressure vessel in such a way that a predetermined arrangement direction can be realized.

[0058] Another preferred embodiment of the method provides that a plurality of composite material units are arranged, each with an arrangement end, with arrangement ends preferably being arranged next to each other that are adjacent to one another.

[0059] According to another aspect, the aforementioned problem is solved by a computer-implemented method according to claim 12.

[0060] According to another aspect, the aforementioned task is solved by a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a processor, cause it to perform the steps of the computer-implemented procedure according to the aspect mentioned above.

[0061] The computer-implemented method is preferably executed by a device comprising the processor, wherein the device particularly further comprises a transceiver and a memory. The processor can comprise a hardware module, which may be a logic device, an IC, an ASCII, an FPGA, a computing unit, or the like. The processor can be a CPU or an integrated circuit in the form of a microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0062] The hardware module may further include memory. The memory may be non-volatile. The memory may be configured to store data that it receives from the processor and / or the transceiver. A computer program product, as described above, may be stored on the memory. The transceiver may be an interface configured to send and / or receive data to a computer, a mobile device, a local or external network, and / or a cloud.

[0063] According to another aspect, the aforementioned task is solved by a computer-readable data carrier on which the computer program product is stored according to the aspect mentioned above.

[0064] According to another aspect, the aforementioned task is solved by a digital image of a pressure vessel, obtained through a computer-implemented method based on the aspect mentioned previously. The method and its possible further developments exhibit characteristics or...

[0065] Process steps that make them suitable for use in the manufacture of a pressure vessel described above. These process steps can also be partially or completely implemented as computer-implemented process steps within the computer-implemented process.

[0066] For further advantages, design variants and design details of the further aspect and its possible further developments, reference is also made to the previously given description of the corresponding characteristics and further developments of the pressure vessel.

[0067] Preferred embodiments are explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. These show: Figure 1: a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a pressure vessel; Figure 2: a schematic, two-dimensional cutaway view of a detail of the Figure 1 shown pressure vessel; Figure 3: a schematic, two-dimensional detail view of a detachment section; Figure 4: a schematic representation of a device with a processor; and Figure 5: a schematic representation of an exemplary method.

[0068] In the figures, identical or essentially functionally equivalent or similar elements are designated with the same reference symbols.

[0069] The in Figure 1The pressure vessel 1 shown extends from a first vessel end 2 to a second vessel end 4 in longitudinal direction L. Adjacent to the first vessel end 2, the pressure vessel 1 has a first dome section 6, and adjacent to the second vessel end 4, the pressure vessel 1 has a second dome section 8. Between the first dome section 6 and the second dome section 8, the pressure vessel 1 has a cylindrical vessel section 10.

[0070] Pressure vessel 1 has a Figure 2 The interior space 30 shown is essentially surrounded by a container wall 12. The container wall is shown here only schematically to illustrate the arrangement of three exemplary composite material units 14, 22, 26.

[0071] The first composite material unit 14 is aligned along the circumferential direction U of the cylindrical container section 10. The second composite material unit 22 and the third composite material unit 26 are arranged at an angle to the first composite material unit 14.

[0072] Typically, the entire container wall 12 is formed by composite material units 14, 22, 26. The cylindrical container section 10 is formed at least partially by the first composite material unit 14. The first composite material unit 14 comprises reinforcing fibers 16, in particular continuous reinforcing fibers, and a thermoplastic polymer matrix 18, which are shown schematically. The first composite material unit 14 is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers 16 can be removed without damage.

[0073] The first composite material unit 14 extends from a first arrangement end 20 to a first arrangement start. During the manufacture of the pressure vessel 1, the first composite material unit 14 was arranged starting at the first arrangement start and then wound around the cylindrical vessel section 10. The last arranged end of the first composite material unit 14 is the first arrangement end 20.

[0074] The second composite material unit 22 with the second assembly end 24 is configured as a cross layer that encircles the dome sections 6, 8 and the cylindrical container section 10. The third composite material unit 26 with the third assembly end 28 is configured as a local reinforcement layer in a highly stressed area of ​​the dome section 6.

[0075] Figure 2Figure 1 shows a detailed view of the pressure vessel 1, with the longitudinal direction L oriented orthogonally to the plane of the image and the circumferential direction U of the cylinder oriented along the principal extension direction of the first composite material unit 14. It is evident that the composite material units 14, 22, 26 are arranged on a hollow body 32, also referred to as a liner. The hollow body 32 is not essential for the formation of the pressure vessel 1. For example, a pressure vessel 1 designed as type 5 does not have a hollow body 32.

[0076] Furthermore, the specific design of the first assembly end 20 is clarified. A detachable section 34 of the first composite material unit 14 adjoins the first assembly end 20. The detachable section 34 is specifically designed and configured such that it can be detached without damage.

[0077] The release section 34 extends from the first assembly end 20 to the section end 36. A release layer 38 is arranged between the release section 34 and an underlying composite material unit. The release layer 38 can, for example, be a plastic that prevents a firm bond between the release section 34 and the underlying substrate, in particular a composite material unit, or reduces the bond strength.

[0078] In Figure 3 A detailed view of the detachment section 34 is shown, with the loose end 35 of the composite material unit 14 arranged above the detachment layer 38. In addition to or as an alternative to the detachment layer 38, the detachment section 34 may be partially consolidated.

[0079] Figure 4The document shows a device 50 for carrying out a computer-implemented method for a digital image of a pressure vessel 1, comprising the steps of: receiving data characterizing a pressure vessel geometry, an arrangement end position, an arrangement direction, manufacturing parameters and / or machine parameters acquired during the manufacture of the pressure vessel 1, and generating the digital image based on the data characterizing the pressure vessel geometry, the arrangement end position, the arrangement direction, the manufacturing parameters and / or machine parameters acquired during the manufacture of the pressure vessel 1. For this purpose, the device 50 includes a processor 52 for executing the steps of the computer-implemented method. The memory 54 can be configured to store data that the memory 54 receives from the processor and / or a transceiver 56.

[0080] Figure 5Figure 100 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary process. In step 100, a container wall 12 is produced with a composite material unit 14, 22, 26 comprising reinforcing fibers 16 and a thermoplastic polymer matrix 18. The composite material unit 14, 22, 26 is arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers 16 can be removed without damage.

[0081] Essentially simultaneously, in step 102, the end positions of the arrangement ends 20, 24, and 28 on the pressure vessel 1 are recorded. In step 104, the data characterizing the end positions of the arrangements are generated and made available.

[0082] In step 106, preferably also in parallel with one or more of the steps described above, an arrangement direction of the composite material unit 14, 22, 26 is detected, and data characterizing the arrangement direction is generated and provided. In step 108, further composite material units are preferably arranged to produce a desired thickness of the container wall 12.

[0083] The pressure vessel 1 described above has the particular advantage of being easily recyclable. Because the composite material units 14, 22, 26 are arranged and designed such that the reinforcing fibers 16 are continuous fibers and, if applicable, the thermoplastic matrix can be removed without damage, the composite material units 14, 22, 26 can be removed from the pressure vessel 1 in a particularly easy manner.

[0084] This significantly reduces the time required to recycle a pressure vessel 1 and minimizes manual effort, thus increasing the degree of automation. In particular, the provision of detachable assembly ends 20, 24, 28 in the form of detachable sections 34 enables a more easily recyclable pressure vessel 1. Furthermore, the detection and provision of the assembly ends 20, 24, 28 allows their positions to be retrieved from a data storage device during the recycling process. REFERENCE MARK

[0085] 1 Pressure vessel 2 First vessel end 4 Second vessel end 6 First dome section 8 Second dome section 10 Cylindrical vessel section 12 Vessel wall 13 Vessel surface 14 First composite material unit 16 Reinforcing fibers 18 Thermoplastic polymer matrix 20 First assembly end 22 Second composite material unit 24 Second assembly end 26 Third composite material unit 28 Third assembly end 30 Interior 32 Hollow body 34 Detachment section 35 Loose end of composite material unit 36 ​​Section end 38 Detachment layer 50 Device 52 Processor 54 Memory 56 Transceiver L Longitudinal direction U Cylinder circumferential direction

Claims

1. Pressure vessel (1) with an interior chamber (30), in particular for storing hydrogen, comprising - a vessel wall (12) comprising or consisting of a composite material unit (14, 22, 26) with reinforcing fibers (16) and a thermoplastic polymer matrix (18), - wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and configured such that the reinforcing fibers (16) can be removed as continuous fibers, in particular non-destructively, so that the composite material unit can be reused, - characterized in that the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and configured such that the thermoplastic plastic matrix (18) with the reinforcing fibers (16) is removable and that the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is a thermoplastic tape and removable as such.

2. Pressure vessel (1) according to claim 1, wherein - the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) extends from an arrangement start to an arrangement end (20, 24, 28), and - a detachment section (34) of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) adjacent to the arrangement end (20, 24, 28) is arranged and / or configured to be detachable.

3. Pressure vessel (1) according to the preceding claim 2, wherein the detachment section (34) comprises a strength-reducing detachment layer (38) on a side of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) facing the interior chamber (30), and / or wherein the detachment section (34) is partially consolidated so that a bond strength, in particular a shear strength, of the detachment section (34) is lower than a bond strength of a consolidated section of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26).

4. Pressure vessel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 2-3, wherein - the detachment section (34) extends from the arrangement end (20, 24, 28) with a detachment extension, and - the detachment extension is more than 1 mm, more than 2 mm, more than 5 mm, more than 10 mm and / or less than 100 mm, less than 50 mm, less than 25 mm, less than 15 mm, less than 10 mm.

5. Pressure vessel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - comprising two or more, preferably a plurality of, composite material units (14, 22, 26) each having an arrangement end (20, 24, 28), and / or - wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is a composite material web, in particular a processed prepreg.

6. Pressure vessel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising - a cylindrical vessel portion (10) having a cylindrical circumferential direction (U), - wherein a first composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged along the cylindrical circumferential direction (U) of the cylindrical vessel portion (10) and a second composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged angled, in particular orthogonal, to the cylindrical circumferential direction (U), and / or - wherein more than 50 %, more than 75 %, more than 90 %, in particular more than 95 % of the arrangement ends (20, 24, 28) are arranged within the cylindrical vessel portion (10).

7. Pressure vessel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the arrangement ends (20, 24, 28) are substantially evenly distributed along a container surface (13) of the pressure vessel (1).

8. Pressure vessel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a hollow body (32) forming the interior chamber (30), in particular a liner, wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) or the composite material units (14, 22, 26) is or are arranged on an outer side of the hollow body (32).

9. Method for producing a pressure vessel (1) having an interior chamber (30), in particular for storing hydrogen, in particular a pressure vessel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-11, comprising the step of: - producing a vessel wall (12) with a composite material unit (14, 22, 26) with reinforcing fibers (16) and a thermoplastic plastic matrix (18), - wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and configured such that the reinforcing fibers (16) are removable as continuous fibers, in particular non-destructively, so that the composite material unit can be reused, and - characterized in that the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged and configured such that the thermoplastic plastic matrix (18) with the reinforcing fibers (16) is removable and that the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is a thermoplastic tape and is removably arranged as such.

10. Method according to the preceding claim 9, wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) has an arrangement end (20, 24, 28), comprising the steps of: - detecting an arrangement end position of the arrangement end (20, 24, 28) on the pressure vessel (1), and - generating and providing data characterizing the arrangement end position.

11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims 9-10, wherein the composite material unit (14, 22, 26) is arranged with an arrangement direction, comprising the steps of: - detecting the arrangement direction of the composite material unit (14, 22, 26), and - generating and providing data characterizing the arrangement direction, and / or - generating a digital image of the pressure vessel based on data characterizing the arrangement end position and / or based on data characterizing the arrangement direction, and / or - wherein a plurality of composite material units (14, 22, 26) each having an arrangement end (20, 24, 28) are arranged, preferably adjacent arrangement ends (20, 24, 28) are arranged side by side.

12. Computer-implemented method for a digital image of a pressure vessel according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: - Receiving data characterizing a pressure vessel geometry, an arrangement end position, an arrangement direction, manufacturing parameters and / or machine parameters detected during a producing of the pressure vessel, and - generating the digital image based on the data characterizing the pressure vessel geometry, the arrangement end position, the arrangement direction, the manufacturing parameters and / or machine parameters detected when producing the pressure vessel.

13. Computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a processor (52), cause the processor to perform the steps of the computer-implemented method according to claim 12.

14. Computer-readable data carrier on which the computer program product according to claim 13 is stored.

15. Data structure characterizing a digital image of a pressure vessel obtained by a computer-implemented method according to claim 12.