ARRANGEMENT WITH A GOOD HAVING A PERFORATION AND WITH A LIFTING END AS WELL AS THE RELATING LIFTING END

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement comprising a good having an opening and a lifting end piece for connecting a lifting means to the good having the features of the preamble of claim 1, as well as a lifting end piece relating thereto.

[0002] For the purposes of this invention, "liftable goods" include all types of goods that have a load-bearing opening through which the goods can be lifted. This could be, for example, a sheet pile. The opening in the goods can be created at the factory or on-site, such as at a construction site. Typically, such an opening is located outside the center of the goods to be lifted, usually near the edge. If such goods lie flat on the ground, the aim is sometimes to lift the edge of the goods so that the goods are essentially vertically oriented when fully lifted.

[0003] To lift the load, a lifting device, such as a chain or lifting strap, is passed through the opening according to a specific procedure. Both ends of the lifting device are then attached to a lifting tool, such as a crane or pile driver. The lifting device forms a U-shape, with its free ends connected to the lifting tool.

[0004] Another method for lifting a load involves providing a lifting device with a crossbar at one end. The diameter of this crossbar is smaller than the opening in the load to be lifted, but its length is greater than the cross-section of the opening. The lifting connection is designed as a toggle fastener: the crossbar is hinged to the lifting device. To connect the lifting device to the load, the crossbar is aligned essentially parallel to the lifting device and passed completely through the opening. Once the crossbar is through, it is aligned perpendicular to the length of the lifting device and, as soon as the lifting device is lifted, engages the rear of the load in a form-fitting manner. Lifting end pieces with a pin and a plate, designed as toggle fasteners, are described, for example, in GB 2 275 503 A and WO 2014 185911 A1.

[0005] Document GB 2 275 503 A discloses an arrangement comprising a workpiece having a perforation and a lifting end piece for connecting a lifting device to the workpiece, the lifting end piece comprising a pin extending through the perforation with a stop point for connecting the lifting device on one side of the perforation of the workpiece and a shield connected to the pin, oriented transversely to the orientation of the pin, the base area of ​​which is larger than the perforation of the workpiece.

[0006] German designs DE 40 2017 100 332-0001 and DE 40 2017 100 332-0002 further disclose a lifting end piece formed by a pin and a plate-shaped shield rigidly molded onto the pin. This design differs from the toggle closure described above in that the shield of the lifting end piece cannot pass through the opening in any position relative to the opening. This increases the security against unintentional release of the lifting connection compared to a toggle closure. The shield is located at the distal end of the pin; at the other distal end of the pin is a stop point for attaching a lifting device. The shield's flat extension is oriented transversely to the orientation of the pin; its base area is larger than the opening in the goods.To lift an item, the lifting device and the pin itself, both connected to the lifting pin, are inserted through the opening in the item, and the lifting device is attached to a lifting tool. When the lifting device is raised, the material of the item surrounding the opening is supported by the shield of the lifting end and is also lifted. If the item has an opening at its edge through which the lifting end protrudes, the pin of the lifting end is usually oriented essentially horizontally when raised; the end face of the opening then rests on the pin.

[0007] To ensure that the lifting end piece is aligned in a specific direction, the pin is curved according to the aforementioned disclosure, so that the stop point is not aligned with the opening in the goods.

[0008] The problem with this design is that manufacturing such a lifting end piece is not only complex and expensive, but there is also the risk that the lifting end piece will jam at the curvature of the pin in the opening, thereby creating the risk of an unfavorable load case in which the connection between the object to be lifted and the lifting device breaks.

[0009] Against this background, the object of the invention is to improve the aforementioned lifting end piece so that it is not only cheaper to manufacture, but also designed to be safer.

[0010] This task is solved by a generic arrangement mentioned at the outset, comprising a good having a perforation and a lifting end piece, wherein the support surface of the shield pointing towards the perforation is designed to taper from the pin to its edge.

[0011] The core of the invention is to provide an angled bearing surface for the shield, instead of a curved pin as in the prior art. The tapering typically occurs along one axis of the shield's base, but can also be multi-axis, although for ease of manufacture, tapering along only one axis from the pin to the edge of the shield is preferred. The shield's geometry is only of secondary importance; both round and angular geometries are possible.

[0012] The taper can be designed such that it forms an angle of 6° to 10° with respect to a virtual surface orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the tenon. Such a taper is sufficient for a wide variety of design variants to achieve corresponding advantages.

[0013] This ensures that the lifting end tilts when the load is lifted, provided the load is not perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pivot. This prevents the load from tilting when the load is lifted and the pivot is essentially horizontal to hold the load in the raised position. This relieves stress on the transition between the pivot and the load.

[0014] Furthermore, the larger angle between the pin shell surface and the contact surface of the shield reduces the notch effect between the shield and the pin, or rather, the force flow between the shield and the pin is more advantageous.

[0015] It is also possible for the pin to be designed with a straight longitudinal axis. Because it is not curved, the force can flow unimpeded from the shield to the lifting point, which is usually located at a distal end of the pin. Any deflection of the force then does not occur within the material itself, but rather within a joint provided by the connection between the lifting end and the lifting device. This is particularly important in the case of a transverse load on the lifting end, especially an impact load. Furthermore, the orientation of the shield within the opening plays no role, or only a minor one, in the load on the pin.

[0016] Furthermore, this allows the lifting end to be designed as a forged part. This not only offers cost advantages, but also enables the achievement of particularly beneficial mechanical properties through precise fiber alignment within the lifting end. For example, the lifting end can be forged so that the fibers within the workpiece run from the pin into the shield, which corresponds to the force flow and therefore results in higher strength.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the shield can have a base whose semi-axes, positioned at right angles to each other, are of different lengths. The main axis (the longer semi-axis) can be approximately 50% longer than the secondary axis (the shorter semi-axis). This design provides a shield that can easily handle openings in the material that are larger than intended. At the same time, the weight of the lifting end is not unnecessarily increased in this exceptional case. The unequal axis lengths also allow for intuitive alignment. The base can also be oval in shape, as an oval base is ergonomically designed for holding.

[0018] The shield may be designed to taper more sharply towards the secondary axis than towards the primary axis, or it may be designed to have no taper at all towards the primary axis. In this way, the shield has a greater thickness at the distal ends of the primary axis than at the distal ends of the secondary axis. This allows the lifting end to self-align during the lifting process, or rather, this design facilitates self-alignment. Typically, the lifting end will align itself with the load being lifted in such a way that the maximum possible distance exists between the opening and the lifting mechanism. Due to the defined distance between the shield and the lifting point – the pin length – this results in the pin being aligned as perpendicularly as possible.An angle of over 90° between the longitudinal direction of the pivot and the side of the shield facing the opening – the stop surface – allows the pivot to be aligned more vertically, even in a horizontal configuration, than is possible with prior art. Due to the varying degrees of tapering with respect to the main and secondary axes, the lifting end, when not in this preferred tilting position, will automatically rotate within the opening of the workpiece and thus align itself accordingly. This effect is further enhanced by a greater degree of tapering.

[0019] It is also possible for the shield to have its greatest thickness along its main axis. This provides extra support in the direction of its greatest extent, ensuring that any forces acting on the outer edge are safely transferred to the pivot and the anchor point. The moment of resistance to any bending is thus particularly high.

[0020] It can also be provided that the pivot point is designed as an eye, the piercing direction of which is aligned parallel to the secondary axis. If, in addition, the shield is tapered in the direction of the secondary axis, a lifting end piece is obtained with which goods can be lifted particularly safely: If the eye's cross-sectional area is oriented vertically, the point of application of the lifting device when lifting the goods is approximately at the upper apex of the eye. A change in the point of application from this position would lead to a reduction in the distance between the opening and the lifting device in the vertical direction, which characterizes this arrangement as a stable position.

[0021] If the eye is oriented horizontally with its cross-sectional area, the point of application of the lifting device when lifting the load is located in the downward-facing area forming the edge of the eye. For the following, it is initially assumed that the shield is not tapered. If the point of application is located, for example, in the lateral area of ​​the edge and thus off-center, the lifting end will, due to the off-center application and the resulting lever arm, align itself so that the eye is oriented vertically with its cross-sectional area. Only a perfectly centered application would prevent such self-alignment, for example, if the point of application were at the distal end of the pin. However, even a slight change in the point of application will cause the lifting end to rotate due to the aforementioned effect, making this position unstable.A slight local change in the point of application is also not unlikely. If the lifting end rotates from an initially unstable orientation to a stable one, this can lead to a sudden and unforeseen lowering of the load being lifted.

[0022] This is counteracted by the shield's tapered angle. By appropriately selecting the tapered angle, the length of the pin, and the thickness of the material surrounding the pin's eye, the inherent change in vertical distance between the opening and the lifting device caused by rotating the eye from a horizontal to a vertical position is eliminated. The shield's tapering in the direction of the eye's penetration allows the pin to be tilted only when the eye is in the unstable position, while tilting is either impossible or significantly reduced in the stable position rotated 90°. Thus, to change the point of application in the inherently unstable position, the vertical distance between the opening and the lifting device would have to be reduced, which is impossible due to the lifting load.The possible difference in height distances between the point of attack and the point of penetration, resulting from the different orientations of the eye, is thus eliminated.

[0023] Furthermore, the side of the shield facing away from the opening may also be tapered from its center to its edge. This tapering is typically a mirror image of the tapering on the side of the shield facing the opening. The effects described above, resulting from the tapering, are further enhanced by this; in particular, the weight is further reduced. The manufacturability of such a lifting end piece, especially using forging techniques, is also simplified.

[0024] Preferably, the pin continuously increases in diameter along its longitudinal extent from the stop point towards the shield. In this way, the pin is already formed on the shield at an angle of over 90° (without considering the additional tapering of the shield), allowing for large radii with minimal notch effect. This also simplifies the insertion of the pin into the opening.

[0025] Furthermore, it can be provided that the pin increases in diameter less along its longitudinal extent in the direction of an axis of the shield than in the direction transverse to the axis. If the shield is oval-shaped, it is preferably provided that the pin increases in diameter less along its longitudinal extent from the stop point in the direction of the main axis of the shield than in the direction of the secondary axis of the shield.

[0026] Typically, the pin in the area of ​​the attachment point does not have a square cross-section, but is thinner than it is wide. This allows for an attachment geometry similar to that of a chain link, which saves space and weight. At the same time, the attachment point, in the form of an eye, can be fully integrated into the pin, eliminating the need for any notches or similar external features.

[0027] The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. The figures shown are: Fig. 1a and 1b: Oblique front views of a lifting end piece according to the invention in two different orientations and Fig. 2: a slanted rear view of the in Figure 1a shown lifting end piece.

[0028] The figures show a lifting end piece 1 from different perspectives. A lifting end piece 1 comprises a pin 2 and a shield 3 molded onto it. At the end of the pin 2 opposite the shield 3, there is an attachment point 4, here shaped as an eye. Lifting devices, such as a chain or chain link, or a lifting strap, can be threaded through or hooked onto the attachment point 4. The lifting device, not shown in detail, is usually permanently connected to the lifting end piece 1.

[0029] The lifting end piece 1 serves as a connecting piece between the lifting device (not shown) and the item to be lifted (also not shown). The item has an opening large enough to allow the lifting device and the pin 2 to pass through. However, the opening is usually smaller than the smallest diameter of the shield 3, which is located in Figure 1ain the x-direction. During lifting, the shield 3, with its contact surface 5, abuts the material surrounding the opening of the goods in a form-fitting manner. A portion of the load to be lifted is also supported on the outer surface of the pin 2.

[0030] In this embodiment, the shield 3 has a base surface with two semi-axes of different lengths and is also oval. The longer semi-axis (the main axis) has in Figure 1a in the z-direction, the shorter half-axis (the minor axis) in the x-direction.

[0031] The contact surface 5 tapers from the pin 2 towards its edge in the direction of the secondary axis; the material thickness of the shield 3 decreases towards the edge in this direction. In contrast, the shield 3 has a continuous thickness in the direction of the main axis. In this embodiment, the taper is at an angle of 7 degrees. A rounded edge is also provided to prevent injuries and warping.

[0032] Is the lifting end piece 1 as shown in Figure 1b When aligned (rotated 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis of the pin 2), the lifting end piece 1 will tilt during the lifting process so that the lower part of the stop surface 5 abuts the material surrounding the opening at the point of application 6.1; the upper part of the stop surface 5 will be slightly spaced away in this case. This tilting also tilts the pin 2, causing the stop point 4 to move upwards in the z-direction.

[0033] The direction of penetration of the anchor point 4 in the shape of the eye, here in the direction of the secondary axis, is also in the direction of the tapering. Figure 1a is aligned in the x-direction. The point of application 6 is on the lifting end piece 1 when this is aligned as shown. Figure 1a , in the upward-pointing area of ​​the eye. In the alignment according to. Figure 1b However, the point of application 6.1 is significantly lower, namely at the downward-facing edge of the material surrounding the eye of the pin 2. If the point of application is then in an off-center position, for example at 6.1a, a lever arm is provided towards the longitudinal axis of the pin 2, with which the lifting means will rotate the lifting end piece 1. Due to this circumstance, the in Figure 1b The depicted orientation during the lifting process is fundamentally unstable, as the lifting end piece 1 will tend to move into the stable position according to the diagram. Figure 1a to turn.

[0034] However, this effect is counteracted by the tapering of shield 3, or rather its orientation: In the orientation of the lifting end piece 1 according to Figure 1b Is the pin 2 indeed tilted slightly under load, such that this tilting shifts the point of application 6.1 of the lifting device on the lifting end piece 1 upwards relative to the point of application 6.1a, making the point of application a stable point of application relative to the point of application 6.1a? In this way, both points of application 6 and 6.1 can be described as stable under load (according to Figures 1a and 1b).

[0035] Figure 2Figure 7 shows the reverse side 7 of the shield 3 of the lifting end piece 1. The reverse side 7 is tapered in a manner complementary to the stop surface 5 of the lifting end piece 1. This tapering ensures a relatively large thickness of the shield 3 in the main axis direction, thus providing a large section modulus against bending. In the secondary axis direction, such a large section modulus is not strictly necessary, allowing for weight savings and material reduction.

[0036] The pin 2 of the lifting end piece 1 is designed in the area of ​​the anchor point 4 in the manner of a chain link and is wider in cross-section (in Figure 1a in the z-direction), as thick (in Figure 1ain the x-direction). In this way, space is created for an engaging chain link, the chain link having an outer diameter equal to or smaller than the pin 2, so that the lifting end piece 1 together with the chain link can be guided through the opening in the material.

[0037] Starting from the anchor point 4, the pin 2 is designed to increase in diameter along its longitudinal extent towards the shield 3. This causes the pin 2 to self-center within the opening of the load to be lifted. The increase in diameter of the pin 2 from the anchor point 4 towards the shield 3 occurs more in the direction of the secondary axis of the shield 3 than in the direction of the main axis. This allows for a smooth transition from pin 2 to shield 3, which is particularly advantageous due to the tapering and thus thinning of the shield material in the direction of the secondary axis of the shield 3.

[0038] The invention has been described using an exemplary embodiment. Without departing from the scope of protection described by the claims, numerous further embodiments of the inventive concept would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, without these needing to be explained in more detail within the scope of these explanations. Reference symbol list

[0039] 1 Lifting end piece 2 Pin 3 Shield 4 Anchor point 5 Anchor surface of the shield 6, 6.1, 6.1a Point of attack 7 Back of the shield

Claims

1. An arrangement comprising a material having an opening and with a lifting end piece (1) for connecting a lifting means to the material, the lifting end piece (1) comprising a pin (2) extending through the opening and having an attachment point (4) for connecting the lifting means on one side of the opening of the material, and a shield (3) connected to the pin (2) and oriented transversely to the orientation of the pin (2), the base surface of which is larger than the opening of the material on the other side of the opening of the material, such that the shield (3) of the lifting end piece (1) cannot pass through the opening in any position opposite the opening, and such that, for lifting the material, the lifting means connected to the pin (2) and the pin (2) itself are guided through the opening of the material and the lifting means is attached to a lifting tool, and such that, when the lifting end piece (1) is lifted at its attachment point (4), the shield (3) is supported in a form-fitting manner by the material surrounding the opening, wherein the support surface (5) of the shield (3) pointing towards the opening is designed to taper from the pin (2) towards its edge.

2. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the back side (7) of the shield (3) pointing away from the opening is also designed to be tapered from its center to its edge.

3. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the shield (3) has an oval base surface having two semi-axes of unequal length.

4. The arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the shield (3) is more tapered in the direction of the secondary axis than in the direction of the main axis.

5. The arrangement according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the shield (3) has a greater thickness at the distal ends of the main axis than at the distal ends of the secondary axis.

6. The arrangement according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the shield (3) has its greatest thickness along its main axis.

7. The arrangement according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the attachment point (4) of the pin (2) is designed as an eye, the direction of penetration of which is aligned parallel to the stronger taper.

8. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pin (2) is designed to be straight in its longitudinal extent.

9. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pin (2) continuously increases in diameter from the attachment point (4) towards the shield (3) along its longitudinal extent.

10. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pin (2) increases its diameter less along its longitudinal extent from the attachment point (4) to the shield (3) in the direction of an axis of the shield (3) than in the direction transverse to the axis.

11. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lifting end piece (1) is a forged part.