HYBRID SOLAR PANEL WITH A DEVICE FOR MOUNTING A HEAT EXCHANGER

Description

Domaine technique de l'invention.

[0001] The invention relates to a hybrid solar panel equipped with a device for attaching a heat exchanger.

[0002] It concerns the technical field of hybrid solar panel assembly systems. État de la technique .

[0003] Photovoltaic solar panels produce electrical energy from sunlight. They consist of multiple photovoltaic elements (cells or thin films) that operate according to the principle of the photoelectric effect. Generally, several photovoltaic elements are connected together on a single photovoltaic solar panel, and multiple panels are connected to create a solar installation. This installation produces electricity that can be used on-site or fed into a distribution network.

[0004] Photovoltaic solar panels convert only a small portion of solar radiation into electricity; the rest is wasted heat. This heat negatively impacts the electrical performance of the solar panels, as the efficiency of the photovoltaic elements decreases by approximately 0.45% per °C with temperature. Therefore, cooling photovoltaic solar panels is doubly beneficial. Not only does it increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic elements, but the heat generated during cooling can also be used in heating systems of varying complexity. These are known as hybrid solar panels, capable of simultaneously producing both electrical and thermal energy.

[0005] Generally, a heat exchanger is positioned opposite the back of the photovoltaic module to cool it. Patent document WO 2012 / 069750 (2G SOLAR) proposes a hybrid solar panel composed of a heat exchanger in contact with the photovoltaic elements. Typically, the heat exchanger is attached to the photovoltaic module using various methods such as bonding or direct lamination (lamination being a common process in the photovoltaic field).

[0006] Such processes, in addition to securing the heat exchanger to the photovoltaic module, prevent the presence of air and thus improve thermal performance. However, these techniques have the drawback of requiring a significant thickness of adhesive (or polymer).

[0007] Various techniques exist to compensate for the deformations caused by the expansion of different parts of the panel during its use: Adhesives have been developed to bond a heat exchanger made of a material with a coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of the front face of the photovoltaic module (such as copper, aluminum, or a polymer). However, these adhesives are extremely expensive and significantly increase the manufacturing cost of the hybrid solar panel. French patent FR 1156550 (SOLAIRE 2G) proposes the use of less expensive adhesives. However, these are only effective for bonding two materials with similar coefficients of thermal expansion. French patent WO 2009149572 (IDS HOLDING AG) proposes a panel in which the heat exchanger is fragmented to limit the thermal expansion between the glass and the aluminum. Such a panel is, however, extremely complex to manufacture and install.

[0008] All the aforementioned techniques have drawbacks, such as very high production costs, difficulty of implementation, and limitations on the types of materials that can be used. Patent document DE 10 2011 122 126 (PA-ID AUTOMATION & VERMARKTUNG GMBH) proposes a device that addresses some of these drawbacks. It proposes a solar panel comprising: a photovoltaic module, a heat exchanger positioned against the photovoltaic module, a rigid frame framing the photovoltaic module and the exchanger, and two elastic elements in direct contact with the frame and adapted to exert a compressive force against the exchanger so as to press it against the photovoltaic module.

[0009] However, the bonding achieved with such a device is not uniform across the entire surface of the heat exchanger, as it consists of only two elastic elements exerting a compressive force on specific segments. The efficiency of such a hybrid solar panel is therefore not optimal. Furthermore, even if the heat exchanger is pressed against the photovoltaic module, it can still move longitudinally and laterally within the frame. This movement can damage the hydraulic connections, which may tear or detach from the exchanger. The reliability of such a solar panel can therefore be questionable during handling.

[0010] A hybrid solar panel is described in the article, A. KROISS ET AL: “Development of a seawater-proof Hybrid Photovoltaic / thermal (PV / T) Solar Collector,” ENERGY PROCEDIA, vol. 52; January 1, 2014 (2014-01-01), pages 93-103. This hybrid solar panel consists of a photovoltaic module against which a heat exchanger is mounted. To secure the exchanger, bars bearing springs are used. The bars are fixed to the back of a rigid frame using a screw system. However, the design of this solar panel appears to be relatively complex, and the aforementioned problems of heat exchanger movement within the frame persist.

[0011] Other similar solar panels are described in patent documents DE 10 2011 107393 (SOLVIS) and US 2015 / 349178 (RUBIO), although the problem related to the movement of the exchanger is not adequately solved.

[0012] The invention aims to remedy this situation. In particular, one objective of the invention is to provide a hybrid solar panel whose design makes it particularly reliable, especially during handling.

[0013] Another objective of the invention is to improve the uniformity of the heat exchanger plating against the photovoltaic module.

[0014] Yet another objective of the invention is to improve the heat exchange between the photovoltaic module and the heat exchanger.

[0015] Yet another objective of the invention is to obtain a high-performance hybrid solar panel with limited manufacturing costs.

[0016] An additional objective of the invention is to obtain a robust hybrid solar panel with a simplified design and improved aesthetics.

[0017] Another objective of the invention is to obtain a hybrid solar panel that can use materials with coefficients of expansion having widely varying values. Divulgation de l'invention.

[0018] The solution proposed by the invention is a hybrid solar panel comprising: a photovoltaic module having a front face and a rear face, a heat exchanger having a lower face and an upper face, said upper face being arranged opposite the rear face of the photovoltaic module, a rigid frame framing the photovoltaic module and the heat exchanger, at least one elastic element adapted to exert a compressive force against the lower face of the exchanger so that said exchanger is pressed against the rear face of the photovoltaic module, the elastic element bears against at least one support element, said support element being connected to the frame so that at least part of the compressive force exerted by the elastic element on the support element is taken up by said frame, the support element is arranged under the exchanger and extends in the width and / or length of said exchanger.

[0019] The invention is remarkable in that: at least one locking element is fixed to the exchanger, the locking element interacts with the support element, so as to block the exchanger in translation in the direction of the length and in the direction of the width of the panel, preventing the said exchanger from sliding under its own weight, inside the frame.

[0020] The heat exchanger is now held securely in position within the frame, thus better protecting the hydraulic connections and making the panel more reliable. Furthermore, the panel's specific design allows for more uniform contact between the heat exchanger and the photovoltaic module. The compressive forces of the various elastic elements are applied across the entire surface of the heat exchanger, rather than in localized segments as described in the aforementioned patent document DE 10 2011 122 126 (PA-ID AUTOMATION & VERMARKTUNG GMBH).

[0021] Other advantageous features of the invention are listed below. Each of these features may be considered alone or in combination with the notable features defined above, and may, where appropriate, be the subject of one or more divisional patent applications: The blocking element is advantageously positioned in the center of the lower face of the exchanger; the frame preferably has a lower face adapted to be positioned against a panel mounting support, the support element being configured so that when said support element is constrained by the elastic element, it does not protrude beyond the plane containing the lower face of said frame; the hybrid solar panel may include at least three support elements arranged under the exchanger and each extending across the width of said exchanger, which support elements are in the form of profiles installed at regular intervals along the length of said exchanger; the hybrid solar panel may include at least three support elements arranged under the exchanger and each extending across the length of said exchanger, which support elements are in the form of profiles installed at regular intervals along the width of said exchanger;Several elastic elements may be distributed along the length of each profile; the elastic elements may be distributed in each of the profiles so that said elastic elements are arranged in a staggered pattern when considering all of said profiles; the support element may be in the form of a U-shaped profile delimited by a bottom wall and two lateral arms, which arms define an opening at their free end, which profile is arranged so that said opening is directed towards the lower face of the exchanger, the elastic element bearing against the bottom wall of said profile; the support element may be in the form of a plate disposed under the exchanger and extending over the entire surface of the lower face of said exchanger; the support element may be in the form of a honeycomb plate;Several elastic elements may be distributed homogeneously over the entire surface of the lower face of the exchanger; the elastic elements may be arranged in a staggered pattern; the elastic element may be in the form of a helical compression spring; the hybrid solar panel may include a corrugated plate installed between the support element and the lower face of the exchanger, said corrugated plate being configured so that its undulations form the elastic elements; the elastic element may be made of plastic, galvanized steel, or stainless steel; the elastic element may have a front end and a rear end, a protective means being placed between the lower face of the exchanger and said front end;The protective device may take the form of a rigid plate installed between the lower face of the heat exchanger and the front end of the elastic element, a cup placed between the lower face of the heat exchanger and the front end of the elastic element, or a foam element placed between the lower face of the heat exchanger and the front end of the elastic element; a retaining element may be placed between the rear end of the elastic element and the support element; the retaining element may be an adhesive element; a thermally insulating element may be interposed between the support elements. Description des figures.

[0022] Other advantages and features of the invention will become clearer upon reading the description of a preferred embodiment which follows, with reference to the attached drawings, which are provided as illustrative and non-limiting examples and on which: there figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of the different layers forming the photovoltaic module, the figure 2 is a schematic view from below of a hybrid solar panel according to the invention, the support elements being in the form of profiles, the figure 3a is a cross-sectional view according to BB of the hybrid solar panel of the figure 2 , there figure 3b is a cross-sectional view along AA of the hybrid solar panel of the figure 2 , THE figures 4a et 4b are variants of the panel of the figure 2 , there figure 5 is a schematic view from below of a hybrid solar panel according to the invention, the support element being in the form of a plate, the figure 6a is a cross-sectional view according to BB of the hybrid solar panel of the figure 5 , there figure 6b is a cross-sectional view along AA of the hybrid solar panel of the figure 5 , there figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hybrid solar panel according to the invention, the figure 8a is a cross-sectional view along AA of the hybrid solar panel of the figure 7 , there figure 8b is a cross-sectional view of a variant of the hybrid solar panel of the figure 8a , there figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the hybrid solar panel of the invention, a blocking means being installed on the exchanger, the figure 10 is an enlarged view of the blocking means of the figure 9 , there figure 11 is a cross-sectional view along CC of the blocking means of the figure 10 , there figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the hybrid solar panel, with insulating elements placed between the support elements, the figure 13a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the hybrid solar panel, with a protective plate placed between the elastic elements and the heat exchanger, the figure 13b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the hybrid solar panel, with protective cups placed between each elastic element and the heat exchanger, the figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the hybrid solar panel, with retaining elements placed between the support elements and the elastic elements, the figure 15 is a variant of the method of blocking the figure 10 . Modes préférés de réalisation de l'invention.

[0023] The solar panel P, the subject of the invention, is a hybrid solar panel known from the prior art, meaning that it is capable of simultaneously producing electrical and thermal energy. It is intended to be used alone or in combination with other similar panels, so that the electrical and thermal energy it produces can be used by a dwelling or installation.

[0024] With reference to the attached figures and in particular to the figure 1 the solar panel P includes a photovoltaic module 1 featuring a front 12 and a back 11. The front 12 is left uncovered so that it can receive solar radiation. Approximately 80% of the solar energy received is dissipated within the panel P. The presence of a heat exchanger 2 placed opposite the rear face 11 of the photovoltaic module 1 allows the recovery of heat accumulated or dissipated in the photovoltaic module 1.

[0025] On the figure 1 the photovoltaic module 1 includes at least one, and advantageously several, photovoltaic elements 1a placed in the same plane. These are electrically connected to each other, in series or in parallel, and are encapsulated, for example in a thermoplastic polymer. 1b, 1c such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or silicone, to form the photovoltaic module 1. The front 12 of the photovoltaic module 1 exposed to radiation is advantageously covered with a transparent plate 1d, such as, for example, a sheet of glass.

[0026] A layer of electrically insulating material 1e called a "backsheet" is added to the back 11 of the photovoltaic module 1. This layer 1e In addition to electrical insulation, it provides a sealing function between the photovoltaic module 1 and the heat exchanger 2. This layer 1e It can, for example, be a polyvinyl fluoride film, and prevents rain and / or ambient humidity from coming into direct contact with the photovoltaic module. 1,thus avoiding any electrical problems, such as faulty connections or short circuits.

[0027] These different elements 1a , 1b , 1c , 1d , 1e are stacked in a sandwich-like fashion and are held together by a hot lamination process known in the field of photovoltaics.

[0028] On the figures 3a et 3b The heat exchanger 2 is located beneath the photovoltaic module 1 so as not to obstruct solar radiation. The heat exchanger 2 is advantageously made of plastic, preferably polypropylene, but it can be made of polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene ether, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or any other material suitable to those skilled in the art. It can also be made of other types of material such as copper or aluminum. These materials provide long-term resistance to corrosion generated by the cooling fluid, as well as to temperatures up to 90°C. The heat exchanger 2 can also be made of a reinforced polymer, such as glass fibers, thus improving its rigidity.

[0029] The cooling fluid, which is typically water or glycol water, circulates in the heat exchanger. 2 in order to recover the calories from the photovoltaic module 1. It is still circulating in the interchange. 2 from an inlet zone to an outlet zone. This type of exchanger 2 is described for example in patent document FR 2967817 (SOLAR 2G) to which a person skilled in the art may refer.

[0030] The interchange 2 consists of an upper surface 22 plane intended to be in contact with the rear face 11 of the photovoltaic module 1 and an underside 21. The upper faces 22 and lower 21 are preferentially flat and parallel to each other. The surface of the lower face 21 represents, for example, between 10% and 100% of the total surface area of ​​the photovoltaic module 1.For example, it can have dimensions (length and width) corresponding to those of the photovoltaic module. 1, Both are generally rectangular in shape. It has a length ranging from 150 cm to 400 cm, a width varying from 50 cm to 300 cm, and a thickness varying from 1 mm to 2 cm. Preferably, for a temperature of 20°C, the length of the heat exchanger 2 represents 85% of the length of photovoltaic module 1 and 95% of its width.

[0031] The panel P includes a frame 8which is preferably made of aluminum or polymer, and can, for example, be formed from U-shaped profiles joined together using various assembly techniques, such as welding or screwing. The U-shaped profiles can also be joined together by interlocking their corners. In this way, the profiles are securely joined without requiring additional fasteners.

[0032] Referring to the attached figures showing the frame 8 in cross-section, particularly the figures 3a et 3b The U-shaped profiles forming said frame have a core 8a. Which soul 8a is equipped at each of its extremities with a wing 8b, 8c.

[0033] The photovoltaic module 1 is inserted into the frame 8, at the level of the upper wings 8b. Maintaining the position of the photovoltaic module 1in the frame 8 can be achieved by any means suitable to a person skilled in the art, in particular by screwing or gluing, or by providing a dedicated groove in the 8a cores in which the said module is housed.

[0034] According to the invention, a device allows the exchanger to be constrained 2 against the back 11 of the photovoltaic module 1. This device takes the form of a combination of means (described further in the description) comprising one or more support elements 4 combined with elastic elements 3 coming to rest against said supporting elements 4. This combination of methods allows the heat exchanger 2 to be pressed effectively and uniformly against the photovoltaic module. 1. The presence of elastic elements 3 allows for improved performance of the hybrid solar panel P by effectively dampening tolerances on the frame dimensions8 as well as those of the support elements 4. They also help to dampen any potential deflection of the different types of support elements. 4.

[0035] Examples of ways in which the constraint device can be implemented will now be described. Mode de réalisation n°1

[0036] In a first embodiment illustrated on the figures 2 , 3a et 3b the hybrid solar panel P includes several support elements 4 presented in the form of profiles. The panel P comprises at least three profiles 4 but can count more. These profiles 4 are placed under the heat exchanger 2, opposite its underside 21, and are distributed across its entire surface. Preferably, they are installed at regular intervals, i.e., along the entire length of the heat exchanger. 2,either across its entire width. Such an arrangement allows for a better distribution of the compressive forces applied by each of the elastic elements. 3, a more uniform coating of the heat exchanger 2 against the back 11 of photovoltaic module 1 thus being obtained.

[0037] The number of profiles 4 is chosen based on the performance of the hybrid solar panel P desired as well as the arrow of the exchanger 2. Indeed, the more the material from which the heat exchanger is made 2 The more flexible a material is, the greater the deformations and the greater the number of elastic elements. 3 The number of profiles required is significant. 4 Since this is also more important, the intervals described above will be reduced. They can, for example, be between 10 cm and 100 cm, preferably equal to 30 cm. The profiles 4are installed so as to be held in place by frame 8. Thus, each end of the profiles 4 is slipped into the frame 8. To prevent the profiles 4 not be dislodged from the frame 8, Fastening methods such as glue, screws, or adhesives can be used. On the figures 3a et 3b the profiles 4 are inserted into the frame 8, at the level of the lower wings 8a, and take hold at the level of these latter. Thus, all or part of the compressive force exerted by the elastic elements 3 on the support elements 4 is taken up by the framework 8 at the level of the lower wings 8a.

[0038] The profiles 4They are advantageously available in the form of square, rectangular, or H-shaped bars, with lengths ranging from 50 cm to 400 cm. Their width ranges from 1 cm to 10 cm, and their thickness varies from 2 mm to 5 cm. The thickness of the profiles 4 is chosen based on the strength of the elastic elements 3 used (described further in the description). Indeed, the deflection of the profiles 4 under stress (after installation of the elastic elements) 3 ) must not extend beyond the return (or lower face) of the frame 8. In this way, the lowest point of each of the profiles 4 is no lower than the return of the frame 8. In other words, and referring for example to figures 3a et 3b When the profiles 4 are under stress and bend, said profiles do not protrude from the frame 8 and in particular do not exceed the plan 80containing the lower face of said frame. Thus, the lower face of the frame 8 can be properly fixed to a standard mounting bracket during panel installation P, and especially on a flat surface. Indeed, insofar as the profiles 4 do not exceed the plan 80, the entire lower face of the frame 8 is correctly positioned against the mounting surface, without point contact. For example, the configuration (in particular the cross-section and / or modulus of elasticity) of the profiles 4 allows for limiting the deflection of said profiles. It should be noted that the solar panels described in the article by A. KROISS ET AL and in the aforementioned US patent 2015 / 349178, the profiles against which the elastic elements bear are located outside the frame so that the latter cannot be properly fixed on standard fixing supports.

[0039] On the figure 3b the profiles 4 are preferably presented in the form of U-shaped profiles with a bottom wall 41 and two lateral branches 42a, 42b. The two branches 42a, 42b define an opening positioned opposite the lower face 21 of the exchanger 2 during the design of the solar panel P. This opening allows the elastic elements 3 to be inserted so that they bear against the bottom wall 41. This type of profile helps to ensure that the elastic elements remain in position. 3 and to hide them in a way that improves the aesthetics of the panel P and protect them from potential handling errors.

[0040] Elastic elements 3 are preferably presented in the form of helical compression springs having a front end 32 and a rear end 31.They can, however, take other forms with the same function, such as leaf springs or any other element adapted to exert a compressive force on the heat exchanger. 2. These springs 3 are preferably made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion and increase their lifespan. They can also be made using any other metal and may or may not have a galvanized coating. The springs 3 They can also be made of plastic to avoid any heat loss between the exchanger and the 2 and said springs 3. The springs 3 The plastic also helps prevent any damage to the underside 21 of the exchanger 2. The springs 3They have a height between 5 mm and 5 cm. They have a compressive strength between 5 N and 70 N, preferably between 8 N and 12 N, depending on the desired performance of the hybrid solar panel. P, A certain tolerance regarding its deflection is allowed. This characteristic determines both the number of springs 3 used (as described previously) and their strength. The springs 3 The chosen springs may all have the same force, but they may also have different forces. The force of the three springs placed at the coolant inlet and outlet areas, for example, may be greater than that of the springs... 3 located at the center of the interchange 2.

[0041] As illustrated on the figures 3a et 3b The springs 3 are positioned so that their rear end 31 either supported against the profiles 4 and their front end32 exerts a compressive force on the underside 21 of the exchanger 2. Several springs 3 are distributed along the length of each of the profiles 4 ( figure 2 ), the number of springs 3 by profile 4 which can vary from 2 to 15. When using the panel P, the exchanger 2 undergoes deformations due to temperature changes, particularly in its length and width. The presence of springs 3 between the exchanger 2 and the support element 4 makes possible the deformations due to possible expansions of the heat exchanger 2, while keeping it pressed against the photovoltaic module 1. Furthermore, the support element 4 being held in place by the framework 8, when the springs 3 exert a compressive force on said support element 4,at least part of this force is taken up by the said framework 8. Thus, the compressive force is transmitted to each end of the profile. 4, this one being consequently taken up by frame 8 into which said ends are slid.

[0042] Using profiles 4 U-shaped, the rear end 31 springs 3 comes to rest against the back wall 41 and between the two branches 42a, 42b. This configuration allows for the protection of both the springs and 3 and improve the aesthetics of the panel P, and to prevent unwanted lateral movement of the springs 3 when using the solar panel P.

[0043] The springs 3 can be distributed at the back of the panel P so that they are all aligned ( figure 4a ), that is, arranged in rows and columns. However, the springs3 can be arranged in a staggered manner from one profile to the other ( figure 4b ) so that, considering all of said springs 3, These should be arranged in a staggered pattern. This configuration helps to reduce the deflection of heat exchanger 2 under the effect of the compressive forces of the springs. 3, and consequently improves the homogeneity of the plating of said exchanger 2 against photovoltaic module 1.

[0044] The solar panel P includes at least one blocking element 5 fixed to exchanger 2 and interacting with a profile 4 to block the heat exchanger 2 in translation along the length (longitudinal axis X) and width (transverse axis Y) of the panel P. Preferably, the locking element 5 is fixed to the heat exchanger 2 at the center of its lower face 21. This configuration prevents any risk of the heat exchanger slipping. 2under its own weight, inside frame 8, during panel handling P (during stages such as packaging, transport, or installation).

[0045] THE figures 9, 10 , And 11 illustrate an example of such a blocking element 5. This one takes the form of a U-shaped profile with a bottom wall 51 and two side walls 52a, 52b. The bottom wall 51 is fixed at the level of the underside 21 of the exchanger 2 thanks to fastening techniques such as welding or gluing. One of the profiles 4 is slipped between the walls 52a, 52b, thus allowing the heat exchanger to be blocked 2 in translation (along the X and / or Y directions). Such a configuration prevents the exchanger 2does not move and causes damage to the hydraulic connections at its ends. Furthermore, by placing the locking means 5 in the center of the lower face 21 of the exchanger 2, expansion (due to the temperature rise of the photovoltaic module) 1 (in the presence of solar radiation during the day and its cooling to ambient temperature during the night) symmetrical to the exchanger 2 is made possible. Thus, when using the panel P, instead of having an expansion of x mm on only one side of the exchanger 2 (in width and length), a dilation of x / 2 mm is observed at each side.

[0046] On the figures 10 And 11 The restraint device comprises an assembly 55 allowing for greater security of profile 4 in position during panel design P.This assembly 55 includes a male element 55a located on the profile 4 which cooperates with a female element 55b placed on the blocking element 5. In particular, at least one, preferably both branches 42a, 42b of the profile 4, includes a male element 55a taking the form of a protruding stud oriented outwards from the U. Simultaneously, the locking element 5 includes a groove 55b corresponding into which the plot is housed 55a.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment shown in the figure 15 the blocking element 5 is a rectangular block that fits into the profile 4. This paving stone has a length varying from 2 cm to 5 cm and a width corresponding to that of the profile. 4(between 1 cm and 10 cm). A fastening element 56, such as a pin or a nail (for example, a stainless steel fluted nail), is inserted into an opening 57 done in the profile 4 and being placed in alignment with an opening (not shown) made in the paving 5. The fastening element 56 is attached to the underside 21 of the exchanger 2. This configuration prevents the paving stone 5 (and therefore the exchanger 2) to move in translation along said profile 4, while the branches 42a, 42b The U-shaped structure prevents it from moving laterally.

[0048] On the figure 12 The P panel includes a thermally insulating element 6a allowing to reduce heat loss at the underside 21of exchanger 2, to improve heat recovery by said exchanger 2, and consequently increase the efficiency of said panel P. The thermally insulating element 6a can, for example, take the form of a non-solid material such as fiberglass or rock wool. In this case, the insulating element 6a is placed between the different support elements 4. It is held in position by a base plate (not shown) attached to the profiles. 4 and / or to the frame 8. This plate can, for example, be attached to the profiles. 4 and / or to the frame 8 using screws or bolts, adhesives, or even by welding or gluing.

[0049] The insulating element 6aIt can also be in the form of sheets of solid material such as polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, or polypropylene. These sheets are placed between the profiles 4 and can be partially slid under the frame 8 so as to be held naturally in position. They can also be fixed to the side walls. 42a, 42b profiles using means such as glue, or adhesives. Mode de réalisation n°2

[0050] THE figures 5, 6a et 6b describe a second embodiment in which the support element 4 It comes in the form of a plate. It is positioned under the heat exchanger. 2 and preferentially extends over the entire surface of the lower face 21 said interchange 2. This plate 4is made of a rigid material such as a polymer (polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, etc.) or metal. The rear end 32 springs 3 rests on the upper surface 41 of the said plaque 4 while their front end 31 is placed against the underside 21 of the exchanger 2, thus allowing a compressive force to be applied to the latter and to press it against the rear face 11 of the photovoltaic module 1. The plaque 4 has similar length and width dimensions to the underside 21 the exchanger 2. It has a length between 150 cm and 400 cm and a width varying from 50 cm to 300 cm. Its thickness depends on the material used and is between 2 mm and 4 cm. Similar to the previous embodiment, the thickness will depend on the panel's deflection.P. It is chosen in such a way as to ensure that the lowest point is the return of the frame 8.

[0051] In the same way as in the first embodiment, plate 4 is slid into the frame 8 so that it is held in position. This plate 4 It can be held only at its lateral edges. However, it can also be held at its longitudinal edges, or around its entire perimeter. It can also be attached to the frame. 8 thanks to fastening methods such as glue, adhesives, or even screws or bolts. This configuration allows at least part of the compressive force exerted by the springs 3 on the plate 4 to be absorbed by the frame 8. According to a preferred embodiment, plate 4 is inserted into the frame 8, at the level of the lower wings 8a,and takes support at the level of the latter. Thus, all or part of the compressive force exerted by the elastic elements 3 on the plate 4 is taken up by the framework 8 at the level of the lower wings 8a.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, plate 4 is honeycomb. This type of plate, in addition to further stiffening the panel, P, not having to use additional insulation (described further in the description) since the honeycomb plate fulfills a dual function of allowing the springs 3 to support and insulate the solar panel P.

[0053] As described previously with reference to embodiment no. 1, when the plate 4 is under stress and bent, the said plate does not protrude from the frame 8 and in particular do not exceed the plan 80containing the underside of said frame. For example, the use of a plate 4 The honeycomb structure helps to limit the deflection of the plate.

[0054] The springs 3 The materials used are the same as those described in the previous embodiment. They are preferably distributed uniformly over the entire surface of the plate. 4, but can potentially be placed randomly. As described for the previous method, a staggered arrangement helps reduce the interchange's deflection. 2, and consequently improves the homogeneity of the plating of said exchanger 2 against the photovoltaic module 1.

[0055] This embodiment may, where appropriate, include an additional thermally insulating element such as that described for the previous embodiment to reduce heat loss at the exchanger. 2. On the figures 6a et 6b The insulating element is in the form of a plate. 40 coming to rest under the plate 4, and more specifically against its underside 4b, in order to improve the thermal insulation of the solar panel P. This insulating plate 40 is made of a material similar to those described for the previous embodiment. It can, for example, be fixed to the plate 4 It is attached using methods such as welding, gluing, or adhesives. It is present on the entire underside. 4a of the plate 4 with a length between 150 cm and 400 cm, a width varying from 50 cm to 300 cm. Its thickness is between 2 mm and 15 cm depending on the material used.

[0056] As described previously with reference to embodiment no. 1, a blocking element fixed to the exchanger is advantageously used. 2and interacting with plate 4 to block the heat exchanger 2 in translation along the length (longitudinal axis X) and width (transverse axis Y) of the panel P. This blocking element 5 is similar to that described on the figures 10 Or 15 . Implementation method no. 3

[0057] THE figures 7 et 8a describe an additional embodiment equivalent to embodiment no. 1 described above. The insertion of the support elements 4 in the frame 8 and the use of the blocking element 5 apply to this embodiment.

[0058] The springs 3 are replaced by a corrugated strip 7.This strip is made of a semi-rigid material so that it can be substantially deformable during the use of the solar panel P. This material can, for example, be polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, etc.

[0059] As shown by figure 8a each of the corrugated bands 7 features undulations with high points 7a and low points 7b. The high points of the wavy band 7 are in contact with the underside 21 of the exchanger 2 and allow it to be pressed against the back face 11 of the photovoltaic module 1. The undulations act as elastic elements. 3 and allow a compressive force to be exerted against the heat exchanger 2 at multiple points, thus improving the uniformity of the veneer. The low points 7b are supported against the profiles 4.This configuration allows for faster panel design since, instead of multiple springs, a single strip 7 is installed in each of the profiles. Furthermore, the use of such a corrugated strip 7 prevents deterioration of the underside 21 of the exchanger that can occur when using springs. In addition, the cost price of such a strip 7 is reduced compared to the use of springs. Mode de réalisation n°4

[0060] There figure 8b illustrates a variant of embodiment no. 2 described previously. The insertion of the plate 4 in the frame 8 and the use of the blocking element 5 apply to this embodiment.

[0061] The springs are replaced by at least one corrugated plate. 7. This plate 7 can, as illustrated on the figure 8b , extend over the entire underside21 of the exchanger 2. Alternatively, plates 7 smaller ones can be distributed evenly over the entire surface of the underside 21. Preferably, they are installed at regular intervals, either along the entire length of exchanger 2, or across its entire width.

[0062] The corrugated plate 7 has dimensions corresponding to those of the heat exchanger 2. Its length varies from 150 cm to 400 cm and its width is between 5 cm and 300 cm. Its thickness, depending on the material used, can vary from 1 mm to 4 cm.

[0063] In the same way as for embodiment no. 3, the plate 7 features undulations with high points 7a and low points 7b. The high points of the corrugated plate 7 are in contact with the underside 21 of the exchanger 2and allow it to be pressed against the back face 11 of the photovoltaic module 1. The undulations act as elastic elements. 3 and allow a compressive force to be exerted against the heat exchanger 2 at multiple points, thus improving the uniformity of the veneer. The low points 7b are leaning against the plate 4.

[0064] In embodiments no. 1 and no. 2 comprising elastic elements 3 presented in the form of springs, the solar panel P may possess means of protection 9a, 9b. These means of protection 9a, 9b are placed between the lower face 21 of the exchanger 2 and the front extremities 32 of each of the springs 3. These means of protection 9a, 9b prevent the springs 3 do not pierce the underside 21 of the exchanger 2.

[0065] These protective measures can take the form of a plate 9a positioning itself under the heat exchanger 2 ( figure 13a This plate 9a has dimensions similar to those of the exchanger 2 as previously mentioned. It can be made from any type of material, such as steel, aluminum, plastic, or foam. These protective devices can also come in the form of cups. 9b ( figure 13b ) with a flat bottom. In the same way as the plate 9a, these cups 9bThese pads can be made from any material. They have a diameter between 1 cm and 10 cm and a thickness, depending on the material used, ranging from 1 mm to 1 cm. Alternatively, these protective devices can take the form of pads, such as foam elements, preferably foam pads. The shape of the foam elements and / or cups can vary, such as a square, a star, a circle, or a rectangle.

[0066] The arrangement of the various elements and / or means and / or steps of the invention, in the embodiments described above, should not be understood as requiring such an arrangement in all implementations. In any event, it will be understood that various modifications may be made to these elements and / or means and / or steps without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular: The heat exchanger 2 can be made of a different material, such as metal (like steel, stainless steel, aluminum, or copper), or even composite material; a retaining element 10 can be added between the elastic element 3 and the support element. 4 ( figure 14 ) so as to hold said elastic element 3 in position. It may be, for example, in the form of an adhesive or a clip, the front end 32 of each of the springs 3 can be ground in such a way as not to scratch or pierce the underside 21 of the exchanger 2, There may or may not be an additional plate between the photovoltaic module 1 and the heat exchanger 2, the plate 4 and the corrugated plate 7may have different dimensions than those mentioned previously; for example, they may only cover half or a third of the surface area of ​​the heat exchanger. 2, the frequency of the undulations of the plate and / or the corrugated strip 7 may vary.

Claims

1. A hybrid solar panel (P) comprising: - a photovoltaic module (1) including a front face (12) and a rear face (11), - a heat exchanger (2) including a lower face (21) and an upper face (22), said upper face (22) being disposed facing the rear face (11) of the photovoltaic module (1), - a rigid frame (8) framing the photovoltaic module (1) and the heat exchanger (2), - at least one elastic element (3) adapted to exert a compression force against the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2) so that said exchanger (2) is pressed against the rear face (11) of the photovoltaic module (1), - the elastic element (3) bears against at least one support element (4), said support element (4) being connected with the frame (8) so that at least part of the compression force exerted by the elastic element (3) on the support element (4) is absorbed by said frame (8), - the support element (4) is disposed under the exchanger (2) and extends in the width and / or the length of said exchanger (2), characterised in that: - at least one blocking element (5) is attached to the exchanger (2), - the blocking element (5) interacts with the support element (4), so as to block the exchanger (2) translationally in the longitudinal direction and in the width direction of the panel (P), preventing said exchanger (2) from sliding under its own weight, inside the frame (8).

2. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 1, characterised in that the blocking element (5) is positioned in the centre of the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2).

3. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 1, characterised in that: - the frame (8) has a lower face adapted to be positioned against an attachment support of the panel (P), - the support element (4) is configured so that when said support element is constrained by the elastic element (3), it does not extend beyond the plane (80) containing the lower face of said frame.

4. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises at least three support elements (4) disposed under the exchanger (2) and which each extend in the width of said exchanger (2), which support elements (4) are in the form of profiles installed at regular intervals in the length of said exchanger (2).

5. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it includes at least three support elements (4) disposed under the exchanger (2) and which each extend along the length of said exchanger (2), which support elements (4) are in the form of profiles installed at regular intervals in the width of said exchanger (2).

6. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterised in that several elastic elements (3) are distributed over the length of each profile (4).

7. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 6, characterised in that the elastic elements (3) are distributed in each of the profiles (4) so that said elastic elements (3) are staggeredly arranged considering all said profiles (4).

8. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the support element (4) is in the form of a U-profile delimited by a bottom wall (41) and two lateral branches (42a, 42b), which branches define an opening at their free end, which profile is arranged so that said opening is directed towards the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2), the elastic element (3) bearing on the bottom wall (41) of said profile.

9. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the support element (4) is in the form of a plate disposed under the exchanger (2) and which extends over the entire surface of the lower face (21) of said exchanger (2).

10. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 9, characterised in that the support element (4) is of a honeycomb pattern.

11. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterised in that several elastic elements (3) are homogeneously distributed over the entire surface of the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2).

12. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterised in that the elastic elements (3) are staggeredly arranged.

13. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that each elastic element (3) is in the form of a compression coil spring.

14. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that it comprises a corrugated plate installed between the support element (4) and the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2), said corrugated plate being configured so that its corrugations form the elastic elements (3).

15. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the elastic element (3) is of plastics, or galvanised steel, or stainless steel.

16. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the elastic element (3) includes a front end (32) and a rear end (31), a protection means being placed between the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2) and said front end (32).

17. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 16, characterised in that the protection means is in the form of a rigid plate installed between the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2) and the front end (32) of the elastic element (3).

18. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 16, characterised in that the protection means is in the form of a cup placed between the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2) and the front end (32) of the elastic element (3).

19. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 16, characterised in that the protection means is in the form of a foam element placed between the lower face (21) of the exchanger (2) and the front end (32) of the elastic element (3).

20. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that a holding element is placed between the rear end (31) of the elastic element (3) and the support element (4).

21. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to claim 20, characterised in that the holding element is an adhesive element.

22. The hybrid solar panel (P) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a thermally insulating element (6a) is interposed between the support elements (4).