REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle device for a vehicle that uses a refrigerant having a low global warming potential (GWP).BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Hitherto, in a heat cycle system of a refrigeration device or a freezing device, R134a, which is a single refrigerant, has been frequently used as a refrigerant. In addition, R410A or R404 may be used. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant containing (CH2F2; HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C2HF5; HFC-125 or R125), and is a pseudo-azeotropic composition. R404 is a three-component mixed refrigerant containing R125, R134a, and R143a, and is a pseudo-azeotropic composition.

[0003] However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R134a is 1430, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088, and the global warming potential (GWP) of R404A is 3920. In recent years, due to increasing concern about global warming, refrigerants having a lower GWP are more frequently being used.

[0004] For example, WO 2005 / 105947 A proposes various mixed refrigerants having a low GWP that can be used as alternatives for R134a; WO 2015 / 141678 A1 proposes various mixed refrigerants having a low GWP that can be used as alternatives for R410A; and JP 2018-184597) proposes various mixed refrigerants having a low GWP that can be used as alternatives for R404A. US 2017 / 058173 A1, US 2017 / 058172 A1, US 2015 / 376486, and US 2016 / 333243 A1 are further prior art.SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

[0005] So far, no studies have been made regarding what kinds of refrigerants should be used among refrigerants having a low GWP in a refrigeration cycle device for a vehicle.Solution to Problem

[0006] The present invention is defined by the refrigeration device for a vehicle according to independent claim 1.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0007] Fig. 1A is a schematic view of an apparatus used in a flammability test. Fig. 1B is a diagram showing points A to M and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass%. Fig. 1C is a diagram showing points A to C, B' and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass%. Fig. 1D is a diagram showing points A to C, B' and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 95 mass% (R32 content is 5 mass%). Fig. 1E is a diagram showing points A to C, B' and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 90 mass% (R32 content is 10 mass%). Fig. 1F is a diagram showing points A to C, B' and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.7 mass% (R32 content is 14.3 mass%). Fig. 1G is a diagram showing points A to C, B' and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 83.5 mass% (R32 content is 16.5 mass%). Fig. 1H is a diagram showing points A to C, B' and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 80.8 mass% (R32 content is 19.2 mass%). Fig. 1I is a diagram showing points A to C, B' and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.2 mass% (R32 content is 21.8 mass%). Fig. 1J is a diagram showing points A to K and O to R, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass%. Fig. 1K is a diagram showing points A to D, A' to D', and O, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass%. Fig. 1L is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 100 mass%, the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1M is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 99.4 mass% (CO2 content is 0.6 mass%), the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1N is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 98.8 mass% (CO2 content is 1.2 mass%), the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1O is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 98.7 mass% (CO2 content is 1.3 mass%), the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1P is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 97.5 mass% (CO2 content is 2.5 mass%), the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1Q is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 96 mass% (CO2 content is 4 mass%), the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1R is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 94.5 mass% (CO2 content is 5.5 mass%), the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1S is a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of the concentrations of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is 93 mass% (CO2 content is 7 mass%), the diagram showing points and line segments defining the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1T is a schematic view of an experimental apparatus for determining flammability (flammability or non-flammability). Fig. 2A is a diagram representing the mass ratio (a region surrounded by a figure passing through four points of points A, B, C and D, and a region surrounded by a figure passing through four points of points A, B, E and F) of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (HFC-32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) contained in a refrigerant A1, in a ternary composition diagram with HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf. Fig. 2B is a diagram representing the mass ratio (a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points of points P, B, Q, R and S) of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf contained in a refrigerant A2, in a ternary composition diagram with HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf. Fig. 2C is a diagram representing the mass ratio (a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points of points A, B, C, D and E, a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points of points A, B, C, F and G, and a region surrounded by figure passing through six points of points A, B, C, H, I and G) of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf contained in a refrigerant 1B, in a ternary composition diagram with HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf. Fig. 2Da is a three-component composition diagram for explaining the composition of any refrigerant 2D according to a first aspect and a second aspect of the present disclosure. In an enlarged view of Fig. 1A, the maximum composition of the refrigerant 2D according to the first aspect is within the range of a quadrangle indicated by X or is on line segments of the quadrangle. In the enlarged view of Fig. 2A, a preferable composition of the refrigerant of the first aspect is within the range of a quadrangle indicated by Y or is on line segments of the quadrangle. In the enlarged view of Fig. 2A, the composition of the refrigerant 2D of the second aspect is within the range of a triangle surrounded by line segments RS, ST and TR or is on the line segments. Fig. 2Db is a three-component composition diagram for explaining the composition of any refrigerant 2D according to a third aspect to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure. Fig. 2E is a schematic view of an apparatus for use in a flammability test. Fig. 2F is a schematic view illustrating one example of a countercurrent heat exchanger. Fig. 2G are schematic views each illustrating one example of a countercurrent heat exchanger, and (a) is a plan view and (b) is a perspective view. Fig. 2H is a schematic view illustrating one aspect of a refrigerant circuit in a refrigerator of the present disclosure. Fig. 2I is a schematic view illustrating a variant of the refrigerant circuit in Fig. 2H. Fig. 2J is a schematic view illustrating a variant of the refrigerant circuit in Fig. 2H. Fig. 2K is a schematic view illustrating a variant of the refrigerant circuit in Fig. 2H. Fig. 2L is a schematic view for explaining an off-cycle defrost. Fig. 2M is a schematic view for explaining a heating defrost. Fig. 2N is a schematic view for explaining a reverse cycle hot gas defrost. Fig. 2O is a schematic view for explaining a normal cycle hot gas defrost. Fig. 2P is a diagram representing a straight line Fr=0.25Pr=0.25 that connects any non-flammability limit point in ASHRAE represented in Tables 206 to 209, the point Fr=0.25 and the point Pr=0.25 in a three-component composition diagram with, as respective apexes, a point where R32 occupies (100-x) mass%, a point where CO2 occupies (100-x) mass% and a point where the total of R125 and R134a occupies (100-x) mass%, with respect to a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2Q is a diagram representing a straight line Fr=0.375Pr=0.375 that connects any non-flammability limit point in ASHRAE represented in Tables 206 to 209, the point Fr=0.375 and the point Pr=0.375 in a three-component composition diagram with, as respective apexes, a point where R32 occupies (100-x) mass%, a point where CO2 occupies (100-x) mass% and a point where the total of R125 and R134a occupies (100-x) mass%, with respect to a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2R is a diagram representing a straight line Fr=0.5Pr=0.5 that connects any non-flammability limit point in ASHRAE represented in Tables 206 to 209, the point Fr=0.5 and the point Pr=0.5 in a three-component composition diagram with, as respective apexes, a point where R32 occupies (100-x) mass%, a point where CO2 occupies (100-x) mass% and a point where the total of R125 and R134a occupies (100-x) mass%, with respect to a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2S is a diagram representing a straight line Fr=0.75Pr=0.75 that connects any non-flammability limit point in ASHRAE represented in Tables 206 to 209, the point Fr=0.75 and the point Pr=0.75 in a three-component composition diagram with, as respective apexes, a point where R32 occupies (100-x) mass%, a point where CO2 occupies (100-x) mass% and a point where the total of R125 and R134a occupies (100-x) mass%, with respect to a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2T is a diagram representing a straight line Fr=1.0Pr=1.0 that connects any non-flammability limit point in ASHRAE represented in Tables 206 to 209, the point Fr=1.0 and the point Pr=1.0 in a three-component composition diagram with, as respective apexes, a point where R32 occupies (100-x) mass%, a point where CO2 occupies (100-x) mass% and a point where the total of R125 and R134a occupies (100-x) mass%, with respect to a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2U is a ternary diagram representing points A, Or=0.25 to 1, Dr=0.25 to 1, Cr=0.25 to 1, Fr=0.25 to 1, Pr=0.25 to 1 and Q at a concentration of R1234yf of 41 mass% in a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2V is a ternary diagram representing points A, Or=0.25 to 1, Dr=0.25 to 1, Cr=0.25 to 1, Fr=0.25 to 1, Pr=0.25 to 1 and Q at a concentration of R1234yf of 43.8 mass% in a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2W is a ternary diagram representing points A, Or=0.25 to 1, Dr=0.25 to 1, Cr=0.25 to 1, Fr=0.25 to 1, Pr=0.25 to 1 and Q at a concentration of R1234yf of 46.5 mass% in a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2X is a ternary diagram representing points A, Or=0.25 to 1, Dr=0.25 to 1, Cr=0.25 to 1, Pr=0.25 to 1 and Q at a concentration of R1234yf of 50.0 mass% in a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2Y is a ternary diagram representing points Dr=0.25 to 1, Cr=0.25 to 1, Fr=0.25 to 0.37, Fr=0.5 to 1, Pr=0.25 to 0.37, Pr=0.50 to 1 and Q at a concentration of R1234yf of 46.5 mass% in a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 2Z is a ternary diagram representing points Dr=0.25 to 1, Cr=0.25 to 1, Fr=0.25 to 0.37, Fr=0.37 to 1, Pr=0.25 to 0.37, Pr=0.37 to 1 and Q at a concentration of R1234yf of 50.0 mass% in a refrigerant 2E. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a configuration of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of the air conditioner for a vehicle, and illustrates a circulation path of a refrigerant in a heating mode. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the configuration of the air conditioner for a vehicle, and illustrates a circulation path of a refrigerant in a cooling mode. Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a controlling device. Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a configuration of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to a modification of the first embodiment. Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a configuration of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the configuration of the air conditioner for a vehicle, and illustrates a circulation path of a refrigerant in a cooling mode. Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the configuration of the air conditioner for a vehicle, and illustrates a circulation path of a refrigerant in a heating mode. Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a controlling device. Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a configuration of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to a modification of the second embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS (1) (1-1) Definition of Terms

[0008] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant" includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.

[0009] In the present specification, the phrase "composition comprising a refrigerant" at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a "refrigerant composition" so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a "refrigeration oil-containing working fluid" so as to distinguish it from the "refrigerant composition."

[0010] In the present specification, when the term "alternative" is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant 2Embodiments of this type of "alternative" include "drop-in alternative," "nearly drop-in alternative," and "retrofit," in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

[0011] The term "alternative" also includes a second type of "alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

[0012] In the present specification, the term "refrigerating machine" refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

[0013] Any refrigerant having "non-flammability" in the present disclosure means that the WCF composition (Worst case of formulation for flammability), as a composition exhibiting most flammability, among acceptable concentrations of the refrigerant is rated as "Class 1" in US ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

[0014] Any refrigerant having "low flammability" herein means that the WCF composition is rated as "Class 2" in US ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

[0015] Any refrigerant having "ASHRAE non-flammability" in the present disclosure means that the WCF composition or WCFF composition can be specified as exhibiting non-flammability according to a test based on the measurement apparatus and the measurement method according to ASTM E681-2009 [Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)], and is classified to "Class 1 ASHRAE non-flammability (WCF non-flammability" or "Class 1 ASHRAE non-flammability (WCFF non-flammability)". The WCFF composition (Worst case of fractionation for flammability: mixed composition causing most flammability) is specified by performing a leak test in storage, transport and use based on ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013.

[0016] Any refrigerant having "lower flammability" herein means that the WCF composition is rated as "Class 2L" in US ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

[0017] The "temperature glide" can be herein restated as the absolute value of the difference between the start temperature and the end temperature in the course of phase transition of the composition including a refrigerant of the present disclosure, in any constituent element in a heat cycle system.

[0018] The "in-car air conditioning equipment" herein means one refrigerating apparatus for use in cars such as a gasoline-fueled car, a hybrid car, an electric car and a hydrogen-fueled car. The in-car air conditioning equipment refers to a refrigerating apparatus including a refrigeration cycle that allows a liquid refrigerant to perform heat exchange in an evaporator, allows a compressor to suction a refrigerant gas evaporated, allows a refrigerant gas adiabatically compressed to be cooled and liquefied by a condenser, furthermore allows the resultant to pass through an expansion valve and to be adiabatically expanded, and then anew feeds the resultant as a liquid refrigerant to an evaporating machine.

[0019] The "turbo refrigerator" herein means one large-sized refrigerator. The turbo refrigerator refers to a refrigerating apparatus including a refrigeration cycle that allows a liquid refrigerant to perform heat exchange in an evaporator, allows a centrifugal compressor to suction a refrigerant gas evaporated, allows a refrigerant gas adiabatically compressed to be cooled and liquefied by a condenser, furthermore allows the resultant to pass through an expansion valve and to be adiabatically expanded, and then anew feeds the resultant as a liquid refrigerant to an evaporating machine. The "large-sized refrigerator" refers to a large-sized air conditioner for air conditioning in building units.

[0020] The "saturation pressure" herein means the pressure of saturated vapor.

[0021] The "discharge temperature" herein means the temperature of a mixed refrigerant at a discharge port in a compressor.

[0022] The "evaporating pressure" herein means the saturation pressure at an evaporating temperature.

[0023] The "critical temperature" herein means the temperature at a critical point, and means a boundary temperature where gas cannot turn to any liquid at a temperature more than such a boundary temperature even if compressed.

[0024] The GWP herein means the value based on the fourth report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

[0025] The description "mass ratio" herein has the same meaning as the description "composition ratio".(1-2) Refrigerant

[0026] Although the details thereof are described later, any one of the refrigerants 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E according to the present disclosure (sometimes referred to as "the refrigerant according to the present disclosure") can be used as a refrigerant. Refrigerant 2C encompasses a refrigerant according to the invention as defined by independent claim 1. Refrigerants 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 2A, 2B, 2D and 2E according to the present disclosure do not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but are considered useful for understanding the invention(1-3) Refrigerant Composition

[0027] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

[0028] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass%, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass%.(1-3-1) Water

[0029] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass% or less based on the entire refrigerant. 1A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.(1-3-2) Tracer

[0030] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

[0031] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

[0032] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers.

[0033] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

[0034] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer. FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF 4 ) HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH 3 Cl) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF 3 ) HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH 3 Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF 3 CHF 2 ) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF 3 CH 2 F) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF 2 CHF 2 ) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF 3 CH 3 ) HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 2 F) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 3 ) HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH 2 FCH 2 F) HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH 3 CH 2 F) HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2 ) HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF 3 CH 2 CF 3 ) HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF 3 CHFCHF 2 ) HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF 3 CHFCF 3 ) HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF 2 ) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH 2 ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF 2 =CClF) HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF 3 OCHF 2 ) HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF 3 OCH 2 F) HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF 3 OCH 3 ) HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF 3 OCHFCF 3 ) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF 3 OCH 2 CF 3 )

[0035] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain one or more tracers at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million by weight (ppm) to about 1000 ppm, based on the entire refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may preferably contain one or more tracers at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and more preferably about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, based on the entire refrigerant composition.(1-3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

[0036] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0037] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.(1-3-4) Stabilizer

[0038] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

[0039] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

[0040] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

[0041] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

[0042] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

[0043] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

[0044] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

[0045] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass%, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass%, based on the entire refrigerant.(1-3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

[0046] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

[0047] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

[0048] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

[0049] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass%, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass%, based on the entire refrigerant.(1-4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

[0050] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass% of refrigeration oil.(1-4-1) Refrigerating Oil

[0051] The composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single refrigeration oil, or two or more refrigeration oils.

[0052] The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

[0053] The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

[0054] The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

[0055] A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 0.000005 to 0.0004 m 2< / s (5 to 400 cSt) at 40°C is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

[0056] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.(1-4-2) Compatibilizer

[0057] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

[0058] The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

[0059] Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.(1-5) Various Refrigerants 1

[0060] Refrigerants 1A to 1E used in the present disclosure are described below in detail. The disclosures of the refrigerant 1A, the refrigerant 1B, the refrigerant 1C, the refrigerant 1D and the refrigerant 1E are independent from each other. Refrigerants 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E do not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but are considered useful for understanding the invention. Thus, the alphabetical letters used for points and line segments, as well as the numbers used for Examples and Comparative Examples, are all independent in each of the refrigerant 1A, the refrigerant 1B, the refrigerant 1C, the refrigerant 1D and the refrigerant 1E. For example, Example 1 of the refrigerant 1A and Example 1 of the refrigerant 1B each represent an example according to a different embodiment.(1-5-1) Refrigerant 1A

[0061] Refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf). As noted above, refrigerant 1A does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0062] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

[0063] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant 1A also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.Requirements

[0064] When the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments OD, DG, GH, and HO that connect the following 4 points: point D (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point G (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point H (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments OD, DG, and GH (excluding the points O and H); the line segment DG is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2< -1.5177y+87.598, y, - 0.0047y 2< +0.5177y+12.402), the line segment GH is represented by coordinates (-0.0134z 2< -1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2< +0.0825z+43.308, z), and the lines HO and OD are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

[0065] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments LG, GH, HI, and IL that connect the following 4 points: point L (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point G (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point H (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point I (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line segments LG, GH, and IL (excluding the points H and I); the line segment LG is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2< -1.5177y+87.598, y, - 0.0047y 2< +0.5177y+12.402), the line segment GH is represented by coordinates (-0.0134z 2< -1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2< +0.0825z+43.308, z), and the line segments HI and IL are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0066] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments OD, DE, EF, and FO that connect the following 4 points: point D (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point E (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point F (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments OD, DE, and EF (excluding the points O and F); the line segment DE is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2< -1.5177y+87.598, y, - 0.0047y 2< +0.5177y+12.402), the line segment EF is represented by coordinates (-0.0064z 2< -1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z 2< +0.1565z+34.499, z), and the line segments FO and OD are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

[0067] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments LE, EF, FI, and IL that connect the following 4 points: point L (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point E (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point F (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point I (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line segments LE, EF, and IL (excluding the points F and I); the line segment LE is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2< -1.5177y+87.598, y, - 0.0047y 2< +0.5177y+12.402), the line segment EF is represented by coordinates (-0.0134z 2< -1.0825z 2< +56.692, 0.0134z 2< +0.0825z+43.308, z), and the line segments FI and IL are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0068] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within a figure surrounded by line segments OA, AB, BC, and CO that connect the following 4 points: point A (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point B (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point C (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments OA, AB, and BC (excluding the points O and C); the line segment AB is represented by coordinates (0.0052y 2< -1.5588y+93.385, y, - 0.0052y 2< +0.5588y+6.615), the line segment BC is represented by coordinates (-0.0032z 2< -1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z 2< +0.1791z+22.407, z), and the line segments CO and OA are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

[0069] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within a figure surrounded by line segments KB, BJ, and JK that connect the following 3 points: point K (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point B (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point J (72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments KB, BJ, and JK; the line segment KB is represented by coordinates (0.0052y 2< -1.5588y+93.385, y, and - 0.0052y 2< +0.5588y+6.615), the line segment BJ is represented by coordinates (-0.0032z 2< -1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z 2< +0.1791z+22.407, z), and the line segment JK is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0070] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure may further comprise difluoromethane (R32) in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. The content of R32 based on the entire refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is not limited and can be selected from a wide range. For example, when the R32 content of the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is 21.8 mass%, the mixed refrigerant has a GWP of 150. Therefore, the R32 content can be 21.8 mass% or less. The R32 content of the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure may be, for example, 5 mass% or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

[0071] When the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram (Figs. 1C to 1I) in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points: point A (0.02a 2< -2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a 2< +2.46a+6.6), point B'(-0.008a 2< -1.38a+56, 0.018a 2< -0.53a+26.3, -0.01a 2< +1.91a+17.7), point C (-0.016a 2< +1.02a+77.6, 0.016a 2< -1.02a+22.4, 0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines OA, AB', and B'C (excluding the points O and C); if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points: point A (0.0244a 2< -2.5695a+94.056, 0, -0.0244a 2< +2.5695a+5.944), point B'(0.1161a 2< -1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a 2< -0.3399a+24.8, -0.1301a 2< +2.3358a+15.451), point C (-0.0161a 2< +1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a 2< -1.02a+22.4, 0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines OA, AB', and B'C (excluding the points O and C); or if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points: point A (0.0161a 2< -2.3535a+92.742, 0, -0.0161a 2< +2.3535a+7.258), point B'(-0.0435a 2< -0.0435a+50.406, -0.0304a 2< +1.8991a-0.0661, 0.0739a 2< -1.8556a+49.6601), point C (-0.0161a 2< +0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a 2< -0.9959a+22.149, 0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines OA, AB', and B'C (excluding the points O and C). Note that when point B in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point B' is the intersection of straight line AB and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

[0072] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass% or more, more preferably 99.75 mass% or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass% or more, based on the entire refrigerant 1A.

[0073] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass% or more, 99.75 mass% or more, or 99.9 mass% or more, based on the entire refrigerant 1A.

[0074] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass% or more, 99.75 mass% or more, or 99.9 mass% or more, based on the entire refrigerant 1A.

[0075] The additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

[0076] The refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.Examples of Refrigerant 1A

[0077] The refrigerant 1A is described in more detail below with reference to Examples. However, the refrigerant 1A according to the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

[0078] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf at mass% based on their sum shown in Tables 1 to 5.

[0079] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio of the mixed refrigerants relative to those of R410 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below. Evaporating temperature: 5°C Condensation temperature: 45°C Degree of superheating: 1 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K E comp (compressive modulus): 0.7 kWh

[0080] Tables 1 to 5 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. Table 1ItemUnitComp. Ex. 1Example 1Exampl e2Exampl e 3Exampl e4Exampl e5Example 6ABHFO-1132(E)mass%R410A93.485.778.371.264.355.6HFO-1123mass%0.05.010.015.020.026.6R1234yfmass%6.69.311.713.815.717.8GWP-2088111112COP ratio% (relative to R410A)10098.097.596.996.395.895.0Refrigeratin g capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)10095.095.095.095.095.095.0 Table 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 2Exampl e7Exampl e8Exampl e9CHFO-1132(E)mass%77.671..665.559.2HFO-1123mass%22.423.424.525.8R1234yfmass%0.05.010.015.0GWP-1111COP ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.095.0Refrigeratin g capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)102.5100.598.496.3 Table 3 ItemUnitExample 10Exampl e 11Exampl e 12Exampl e 13Exampl e 14Example 15Example 16DGHFO-1132(E)mass%87.672.959.146.334.423.518.2HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.030.040.050.055.1R1234yfmass%12.417.120.923.725.626.526.7GWP-1222222COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.297.195.994.893.892.992.5Refrigeratin g capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)92.592.592.592.592.592.592.5 Table 4 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 3Exampl e17Exampl e 18Comp. Ex. 4Exampl e 19Exampl e 20Example 21HFEHFO-1132(E)mass%56.744.529.765.553.339.831.1HFO-1123mass%43.345.550.334.536.740.242.9R1234yfmass%0.010.020.00.010.020.026.0GWP-1121122COP ratio% (relative to R410A)92.592.592.593.593.593.593.5Refrigeratin g capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)105.8101.296.2104.5100.295.592.5 Table 5 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 5Exampl e 22Exampl e 23Exampl e 24Comp. Ex. 6IJKLMHFO-1132(E)mass%72.572.572.572.572.5HFO-1123mass%27.523.214.110.20.0R1234yfmass%0.04.313.417.327.5GWP-11122COP ratio% (relative to R410A)94.495.096.497.198.8Refrigeratin g capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)103.5.100.895.092.585.7

[0081] These results indicate that under the condition that the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1B) surrounded by line segments OD, DG, GH, and HO that connect the following 4 points: point D (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point G (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point H (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments OD, DG, and GH (excluding the points O and H), the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

[0082] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1B) surrounded by line segments OD, DE, EF, and FO that connect the following 4 points: point D (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point E (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point F (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments OD, DE, and EF (excluding the points O and F), the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

[0083] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1B) surrounded by line segments OA, AB, BC, and CO that connect the following 4 points: point A (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point B (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point C (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments OA, AB, and BC (excluding the points O and C), the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

[0084] R1234yf contributes to reduction of flammability and reduction of deterioration of polymerization etc. in these compositions. Therefore, the composition according to the present disclosure preferably contains R1234yf.

[0085] Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants was measured according to the ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions that showed a burning velocity of 10 cm / s or less were determined to be Class 2L (lower flammability). These results clearly indicate that when the content of HFO-1132(E) in a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 72.5 mass% or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to be Class 2L (lower flammability).

[0086] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1A in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

[0087] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in amounts shown in Tables 6 to 12, in terms of mass%, based on their sum.

[0088] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio of these mixed refrigerants relative to those of R410A were determined. The calculation conditions were the same as described above. Tables 6 to 12 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. Table 6ItemUnitComp. Ex. 1Comp . Ex. 7Comp . Ex. 8Comp . Ex. 9Exampl e 25Comp . Ex. 10Exampl e 26Exampl e 27Comp . Ex. 11AB'BCHFO-1132(E)mass%R410 A93.478.364.356.055.660.070.077.6HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.026.326.625.623.722.4R1234yfmass%6.611.715.717.717.814.46.30.0R32mass%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0GWP-208811.41.51.51.51.41.21.0COP ratio% (relativ e to R410A)10098.096.995.895.095.095.095.095.0Refrigeratin g capacity ratio% (relativ e to R410A)10095.095.095.095.095.096.5100.0102.5 Table 7 ItemUnitComp . Ex. 12Comp . Ex. 13Comp . Ex. 14Exampl e 28Comp. Ex. 15Exampl e 29Exampl e 30Comp. Ex. 16AB'BCHFO-1132(E)mass%81.667.353.948.947.260.070.077.3HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.024.125.321.619.217.7R1234yfmass%13.417.721.122.022.513.45.80.0R32mass%5.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.0GWP-3535353535353535COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.696.695.595.095.095.095.095.0Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.0104.495.099.0102.1104.4 Table 8 ItemUnitComp . Ex. 17Comp . Ex. 18Comp . Ex. 19Exampl e 31Comp. Ex. 20Exampl e 32Exampl e 33Comp. Ex. 21AB'BCHFO-1132(E)mass%70.857.244.541.436.460.070.076.2HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.022.826.718.015.313.8R1234yfmass%19.222.825.525.826.912.04.70.0R32mass%10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.0GWP-6969696969696968COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.496.595.695.095.095.095.095.0Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.0106.295.0101.5104.4106.2 Table 9 ItemUnitComp . Ex. 22Comp . Ex. 23Comp . Ex. 24Exampl e 34Comp. Ex. 25Exampl e 35Exampl e 36Comp. Ex. 26AB'BCHFO-1132(E)mass%62.349.337.134.524.960.070.074.5HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.022.830.715.412.411.2R1234yfmass%23.426.428.628.430.110.33.30.0R32mass%14.314.314.314.314.314.314.314.3GWP-9898989898989797COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.396.595.795.595.095.095.095.0Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.095.495.0103.7106.5107.7 Table 10 ItemUnitComp . Ex. 27Comp . Ex. 28Comp . Ex. 29Exampl e 37Comp. Ex. 30Exampl e 38Exampl e 39Comp. Ex. 31AB'BCHFO-1132(E)mass%58.345.533.531.216.560.070.073.4HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.023.035.514.211.110.1R1234yfmass%25.228.030.029.331.59.32.40.0R32mass%16.516.516.516.516.516.516.516.5GWP-113.0113.1113.1113.1113.2112.5112.3112.2COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.496.695.995.695.095.095.095.0Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.095.795.0104.9107.6108.5 Table 11 ItemUnitComp . Ex. 32Comp . Ex. 33Comp . Ex. 34Exampl e 40Comp. Ex. 35Exampl e 41Exampl e 42Comp. Ex. 36AB'BCHFO-1132(E)mass%53.541.029.325.80.050.060.071.7HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.025.248.816.812.99.1R1234yfmass%27.329.831.529.832.014.07.90.0R32mass%19.219.219.219.219.219.219.219.2GWP-131.2131.3131.4131.3131.4130.8130.6130.4COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.496.796.197.895.095.095.095.0Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.096.395.0104.0106.4109.4 Table 12 ItemUnitComp . Ex. 37Comp . Ex. 38Comp . Ex. 39Exampl e 43Comp. Ex. 40Exampl e 44Exampl e 45Comp. Ex. 41AB'BCHFO-1132(E)mass%49.136.925.520.00.050.060.069.7HFO-1123mass%0.010.020.026.945.315.811.98.5R1234yfmass%29.131.320.031.332.912.46.30.0R32mass%21.821.821.821.821.821.821.821.8GWP-148.8148.9148.9148.9148.9148.3148.1147.9COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.696.996.495.995.595.095.095.0Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.098.495.0105.6108.0110.3

[0089] These results indicate that the refrigerants according to the present disclosure that satisfy the following conditions have a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A: when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram (Figs. 1C to 1I) in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points: point A (0.02a 2< -2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a 2< +2.46a+6.6), point B'(-0.008a 2< -1.38a+56, 0.018a 2< -0.53a+26.3, -0.01a 2< +1.91a+17.7), point C (-0.016a 2< +1.02a+77.6, 0.016a 2< -1.02a+22.4, 0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines OA, AB', and B'C (excluding the points O and C); if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points: point A (0.0244a 2< -2.5695a+94.056, 0, -0.0244a 2< +2.5695a+5.944), point B'(0.1161a 2< -1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a 2< -0.3399a+24.8, -0.1301a 2< +2.3358a+15.451), point C (-0.0161a 2< +1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a 2< -1.02a+22.4, 0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines OA, AB', and B'C (excluding the points O and C); or if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points: point A (0.0161a 2< -2.3535a+92.742, 0, -0.0161a 2< +2.3535a+7.258), point B'(-0.0435a 2< -0.0435a+50.406, -0.0304a 2< +1.8991a-0.0661, 0.0739a 2< -1.8556a+49.6601), point C (-0.0161a 2< +0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a 2< -0.9959a+22.149, 0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines OA, AB', and B'C (excluding the points O and C).

[0090] Figs. 1C to 1I show compositions whose R32 content a (mass%) is 0 mass%, 5 mass%, 10 mass%, 14.3 mass%, 16.5 mass%, 19.2 mass%, and 21.8 mass%, respectively.

[0091] Note that when point B in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point B' is the intersection of straight line AB and an approximate line formed by connecting three points, including point C, where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%.

[0092] Points A, B', and C were individually obtained by approximate calculation in the following manner.

[0093] Point A is a point where the HFO-1123 content is 0 mass% and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following three ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained. Table 13Item10.0≥R32≥016.5≥R32≥10.021.8≥R32≥16.5R320.05.010.010.014.316.516.519.221.8HFO-1132(E)93.481.670.870.862.358.358.353.549.1HFO-11230.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0R1234yf6.613.419.219.223.425.225.227.329.1R32xxxHFO-1132(E) approximate expression0.02x2-2.46x+93.40.0244x2-2.5695x+94.0560.0161x2-2.3535x+92.742HFO-1123 approximate expression000R1234yf approximate expression100-R32-HFO-1132(E)100-R32-HFO-1132(E)100-R32-HFO-1132(E)

[0094] Point C is a point where the R1234yf content is 0 mass% and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following three ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained. Table 14Item10.0≥R32≥016.5≥R32≥10.021.8≥R32≥16.5R3205101014.316.516.519.221.8HFO-1132(E)77.677.376.276.274.573.473.471.769.7HFO-112322.417.713.813.811.210.110.19.18.5R1234yf000000000R32xxxHFO-1132(E) approximate expression100-R32HFO-1123100-R32HFO-1123100-R32HFO-1123HFO-1123 approximate expression0.016x2-1.02x+22.40.0161x2-0.9959x+22.1490.0161 *2-0.9959*+22.149R1234yf approximate expression100-R32-HFO-1132(E)100-R32-HFO-1132(E)100-R32-HFO-1132(E)

[0095] Three points corresponding to point B' were obtained in each of the following three ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained. Table 15Item10.0≥R32≥016.5≥R32≥10.021.8≥R32≥16.5R3205101014.316.516.519.221.8HFO-1132(E)5648.941.441.434.531.231.225.820HFO-112326.324.122.822.822.8232325.226.9R1234yf17.72225.825.828.429.329.329.831.3R32xxxHFO-1132(E) approximate expression-0.008*2-1.38*560.0161x2-1.9959x+59.749-0.0435x2-0.4456x+50.406HFO-1123 approximate expression0.018x2-0.53x+26.30.014x2-0.3399x+24.8-0.0304*2+ 1.8991 *-0.0661R1234yf approximate expression100-R32-HFO-1132(E)100-R32-HFO-1132(E)100-R32-HFO-1132(E) (1-5-2) Refrigerant 1B

[0096] Refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass% or more based on the entire refrigerant 1B, and the refrigerant 1B comprising 62.5 mass% to 72.5 mass% of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant 1B. As noted above, refrigerant 1B does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0097] The refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0098] The refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure is particularly preferably a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.5 mass% or less of HFO-1132(E), because it has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0099] The refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure is more preferably a mixed refrigerant comprising 62.5 mass% or more of HFO-1132(E). In this case, the refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure has a superior coefficient of performance relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and / or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.

[0100] The refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass% or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass% or more, based on the entire refrigerant 1B.

[0101] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

[0102] The refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerants, such as R410A, R407C, and R404A, as well as for HCFC refrigerants, such as R22.Examples of Refrigerant 1B

[0103] The refrigerant 1B is described in more detail below with reference to Examples. However, the refrigerant 1B according to the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

[0104] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass% based on their sum shown in Tables 16 and 17.

[0105] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32 = 50% / R125 = 50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP = 1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP = 0.3, described in WO 2005 / 105947 A). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions. Evaporating temperature: 5°C Condensation temperature: 45°C Superheating temperature: 1 K Subcooling temperature: 5 K Compressor efficiency: 70%

[0106] Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

[0107] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula. COP = refrigerating capacity or heating capacity / power consumption

[0108] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm / s or less were determined to be "Class 2L (lower flammability)."

[0109] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1A in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Table 16ItemUnitComp. Ex. 1Comp. Ex. 2Comp. Ex. 3Example 1Example 2Example 3R410AHFO-1132EHFO-1132Emass%01008072.57067.5HFO-1123mass%002027.53032.5GWP-208811111COP ratio% (relative to R410A)1009895.394.494.193.8Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)10098102.1103.5103.9104.3Discharge pressureMPa2.72.72.93.03.03.1Burning velocitycm / secNon-flammable20131099 or less Table 17 ItemUnitExample 4Example 5Comp. Ex. 4Comp. Ex. 5Comp. Ex. 6Comp. Ex. 7HFO-1123HFO-1132Emass%6562.56050250HFO-1123mass%3537.5405075100GWP-111111COP ratio% (relative to R410A)93.593.292.991.889.989.9Refrigerati ng capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)104.7105.0105.4106.6108.1107.0Discharge pressureMPa3.13.13.13.23.43.4Burning velocitycm / sec9 or less9 or less9 or less9 or less9 or less5

[0110] The compositions each comprising 62.5 mass% to 72.5 mass% of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP = 1), and they ensure ASHRAE 2L flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.(1-5-3) Refrigerant 1C(5-3) Refrigerant 1C

[0111] Refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf). As noted above, refrigerant 1C does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0112] The refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0113] The refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AC, CF, FD, and DA that connect the following 4 points: point A (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point C (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point F (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point D (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line segments; the line segment AC is represented by coordinates (0.0181y 2< -2.2288y+71.096, y, - 0.0181y 2< +1.2288y+28.904), the line segment FD is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2< -1.7y+72, y, - 0.02y 2< +0.7y+28), and the line segments CF and DA are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0114] The refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AB, BE, ED, and DA that connect the following 4 points: point A (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point B (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point E (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point D (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line segments; the line segment AB is represented by coordinates (0.0181y 2< -2.2288y+71.096, y, - 0.0181y 2< +1.2288y+28.904), the line segment ED is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2< -1.7y+72, y, - 0.02y 2< +0.7y+28), and the line segments BE and DA are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0115] The refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IJ, and JG that connect the following 3 points: point G (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point I (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and point J (77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments; the line segment GI is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2< -2.4583y+93.396, y, - 0.02y 2< +1.4583y+6.604), and the line segments IJ and JG are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

[0116] The refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GH, HK, and KG that connect the following 3 points: point G (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point H (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and point K (77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments; the line segment GH is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2< -2.4583y+93.396, y, - 0.02y 2< +1.4583y+6.604), and the line segments HK and KG are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

[0117] The refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass% or more, more preferably 99.75 mass% or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass% or more based on the entire refrigerant 1C.

[0118] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

[0119] The refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.Examples of Refrigerant 1C

[0120] The refrigerant 1C is described in more detail below with reference to Examples. However, the refrigerant 1C according to the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

[0121] The burning velocity of individual mixed refrigerants of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was measured in accordance with the ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. A formulation that shows a burning velocity of 10 cm / s was found by changing the concentration of R32 by 5 mass%. Table 18 shows the formulations found.

[0122] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1A in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Table 18ItemUnitPoint DR32=5 mass%R32=10 mass%R32=15 mass%R32=20 mass%HFO-1132EMass%7264575146R32Mass%05101520R1234yfMass%2831333434Burning Velocitycm / s1010101010

[0123] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in Fig. 1Jin which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are on the line segments that connect the 5 points shown in Table 18 or on the right side of the line segments, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0124] This is because R1234yf is known to have a lower burning velocity than HFO-1132(E) and R32.

[0125] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass%) shown in Tables 19 to 23 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410A of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 19 to 23 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below. Evaporating temperature: 5°C Condensation temperature: 45°C Degree of superheating: 1 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K E comp (compressive modulus): 0.7 kWh

[0126] Tables 19 to 23 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. Table 19ItemUnitComp. Ex. 1Comp. Ex. 2Example 1Example 2Example 3Example 4ABCHFO-1132EMass%R410A71.160.450.642.636.5R32Mass%0.05.010.014.518.2R1234yfMass%28.934.639.442.945.3GWP-208823670100125COP Ratio% (relative to R410A)10098.998.798.798.999.1Refrigerating Capacity Ratio% (relative to R410A)10085.085.085.085.085.0 Table 20 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 3Comp. Ex. 4Comp. Ex. 5Comp. Ex. 6OPQRHFO-1132EMass%85.30.081.60.0R32Mass%14.714.318.418.1R1234yfMass%085.70.081.9GWP-100100125125COP Ratio% (relative to R410A)96.2103.495.9103.4Refrigerating Capacity Ratio% (relative to R410A)105.757.3107.460.9 Table 21 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 7Example 5Example 6Example 7Example 8Example 9Comp. Ex. 8DEFHFO-1132EMass%72.064.057.051.451.047.646.0R32Mass%0.05.010.014.615.018.320.0R1234yfMass%28.031.033.034.034.034.134.0GWP-1.843669100103125137COP Ratio% (relative to R410A)98.898.598.298.198.198.098.0Refrigerating Capacity Ratio% (relative to R410A)85.486.888.389.890.091.291.8 Table 22 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 9Comp. Ex. 10Example 10Example 11Example 12HIHFO-1132EMass%93.481.670.861.855.1R32Mass%0.05.010.014.618.3R1234yfMass%6.613.419.223.626.6GWP-13569100125COP Ratio% (relative to R410A)98.097.697.497.397.4Refrigerating Capacity Ratio% (relative to R410A)95.095.095.095.095.0 Table 23 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 11Example 13Example 14Example 15Comp. Ex. 12JKGHFO-1132EMass%77.577.577.577.577.5R32Mass%22.518.414.66.90.0R1234yfMass%0.04.17.915.622.5GWP-15312510048.02COP Ratio% (relative to R410A)95.896.196.597.598.6Refrigerating Capacity Ratio% (relative to R410A)109.1105.6102.395.088.0

[0127] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1J) surrounded by line segments AC, CF, FD, and DA that connect the following 4 points: point A (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point C (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point F (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point D (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0128] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1J) surrounded by line segments AB, BE, ED, and DA that connect the following 4 points: point A (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point B (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point E (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point D (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0129] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1J) surrounded by line segments GI, IJ, and JG that connect the following 3 points: point G (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point I (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and point J (77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A and a GWP of 125 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

[0130] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1J) surrounded by line segments GH, HK, and KG that connect the following 3 points: point G (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point H (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and point K (77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability. (1-5-4) Refrigerant 1D(5-4) Refrigerant 1D

[0131] Refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32. As noted above, refrigerant 1D does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0132] The refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.

[0133] The refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments OC', C'D', D'E', E'A', and A'O that connect the following 5 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point D' (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point E' (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments C'D', D'E', and E'A' (excluding the points C' and A'); the line segment C'D' is represented by coordinates (-0.0297z 2< -0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z 2< -1.1915z+43.3, z), the line segment D'E' is represented by coordinates (-0.0535z 2< +0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z 2< -0.6771z+46.043, z), and the line segments OC', E'A', and A'O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

[0134] The refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments OC, CD, DE, EA', and A'O that connect the following 5 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point D (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point E (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments CD, DE, and EA' (excluding the points C and A'); the line segment CDE is represented by coordinates (-0.017z 2< +0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z 2< +0.9852z+22.316, z), and the line segments OC, EA', and A'O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

[0135] The refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments OC', C'D', D'A, and AO that connect the following 4 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point D' (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line segments C'D' and D'A (excluding the points C' and A); the line segment C'D' is represented by coordinates (-0.0297z 2< -0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z 2< +1.1915z+43.3, z), and the line segments OC', D'A, and AO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

[0136] The refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments OC, CD, DA, and AO that connect the following 4 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point D (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line segments CD and DA (excluding the points C and A); the line segment CD is represented by coordinates (-0.017z 2< +0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z 2< +0.9852z+22.316, z), and the line segments OC, DA, and AO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

[0137] The refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass% or more, more preferably 99.75 mass% or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass% or more, based on the entire refrigerant 1D.

[0138] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

[0139] The refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.Examples of Refrigerant 1D

[0140] The refrigerant 1D is described in more detail below with reference to Examples. However, the refrigerant 1D according to the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

[0141] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass% based on their sum shown in Tables 24 to 26.

[0142] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as "cooling capacity" or "capacity") ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below. Evaporating temperature: 5°C Condensation temperature: 45°C Degree of superheating: 1K Degree of subcooling: 5K E comp (compressive modulus): 0.7 kWh

[0143] Tables 24 to 26 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. Table 24ItemUnitComp. Ex. 1Comp. Ex. 2Examp le 1Examp le 2Examp le 3Examp le 4Comp. Ex. 3CDEOHFO-1132(E)mass%R410A77.777.376.374.672.2100.0HFO-1123mass%22.317.714.211.49.40.0R32mass%0.05.09.514.018.40.0GWP-208813565951251COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.095.095.095.095.095.097.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)100.0102.5104.4106.0107.6109.197.8 Table 25 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 4Example 5Example 6Example 7Example 8Comp. Ex. 5Comp. Ex. 6C'D'E'ABHFO-1132(E)mass%56.755.052.248.041.890.50.0HFO-1123mass%43.340.038.338.039.80.090.5R32mass%0.05.09.514.018.49.59.5GWP-13565951256565COP ratio% (relative to R410A)92.592.592.592.592.596.690.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)105.8107.9109.7111.5113.2103.2111.0 Table 26 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 7Comp. Ex. 8Example 9Example 10Example 11Comp. Ex. 9Comp. Ex. 10A'B'HFO-1132(E)mass%81.60.085.065.070.050.020.0HFO-1123mass%0.081.610.030.015.020.020.0R32mass%18.418.45.05.015.030.060.0GWP-1251253535102203405COP ratio% (relative to R410A)95.991.995.993.694.694.397.6Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)107.4113.8102.9106.5108.7114.6117.6

[0144] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass% are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1K) surrounded by line segments OC', C'D', D'E', E'A', and A'O that connect the following 5 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point D' (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point E' (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments C'D', D'E', and E'A' (excluding the points C' and A'), the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

[0145] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1K) surrounded by line segments OC, CD, DE, EA', and A'O that connect the following 5 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point D (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point E (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments CD, DE, and EA' (excluding the points C and A'), the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

[0146] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1K) surrounded by line segments OC', C'D', D'A, and AO that connect the following 4 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point D' (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line segments C'D' and D'A (excluding the points C' and A), the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

[0147] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure (Fig. 1K) surrounded by line segments OC, CD, DA, and AO that connect the following 4 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point C (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point D (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line segments CD and DA (excluding the points C and A), the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

[0148] In contrast, as shown in Comparative Examples 2, 3, and 4, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.

[0149] Moreover, as shown in Comparative Examples 3, 5, and 7, when HFO-1123 is not contained, the combustion-inhibiting effect thereof cannot be obtained; thus, undesirably, a composition having lower flammability cannot be obtained.(1-5-5) Refrigerant 1E(5-5) Refrigerant 1E

[0150] Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant containing CO 2 and R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf. As noted above, refrigerant 1E does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0151] Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and lower flammability. Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 0<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, curve KL, straight line LB", straight line B"D, straight line DC, and straight line CI that connect the following 7 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line B"D and straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w) point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w) point B" (-1.5278w 2< +2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2< -3.75w+49.5) point D (-2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683) point C (0.0, -4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683); if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, curve KL, straight line LB", straight line B"D, straight line DC, and straight line CI that connect the following 7 points or on these line segments (excluding the points on straight line B"D and straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w) point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w) point B" (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w) point D (-2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789) point C (0.0, 0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553); and if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, curve KL, straight line LB", straight line B"D, straight line DC, and straight line CI that connect the following 7 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line B"D and straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w) point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4-w) point B" (51.6, 0.0, 48.4-w) point D (-2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9) point C (0.0, 0.0667w 2< -4.9667w+58.3, -0.0667w 2< +3.9667w+41.7), and curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x 2< -1.716x+72, -0.0236x 2< +0.716x+28-w), curve JK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0095x 2< -1.2222x+67.676, - 0.0095x 2< +0.2222x+32.324-w), and curve KL is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0049x 2< -0.8842x+61.488, -0.0049x 2< -0.1158x+38.512).

[0152] Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a lower WCF flammability. Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 0<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, straight line KF, straight line FC, and straight line CI that connect the following 5 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w) point F (-0.0833w+36.717, -4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997) point C (0.0, -4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683); if 1.2<w≤1.3, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, straight line KF, straight line FC, and straight line CI that connect the following 5 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w) point F (36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5) point C (0.0, 0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553); if 1.3<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, straight line KB', straight line B'D, straight line DC, and straight line CI that connect the following 6 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w) point B'(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) point D (-2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789) point C (0.0, 0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553); and if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, straight line KB', straight line B'D, straight line DC, and straight line CI that connect the following 6 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6-w) point B' (36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) point D (-2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9) point C (0.0, 0.0667w 2< -4.9667w+58.3, -0.0667w 2< +3.9667w+41.7), and curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x 2< -1.716x+72, -0.0236x 2< +0.716x+28-w), and curve JK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0095x 2< -1.2222x+67.676, - 0.0095x 2< +0.2222x+32.324-w). When the requirements above are satisfied, refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and a lower WCF flammability.

[0153] Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 0<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, straight line KF, straight line FC, and straight line CI that connect the following 4 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point E (18.2, -1.1111w 2< -3.1667w+31.9, 1.1111w 2< +2.1667w+49.9) point C (0.0, -4.9167w+58.317, 3.9167w+41.683); if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, straight line KF, straight line FC, and straight line CI that connect the following 4 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point E (-0.0365w+18.26, 0.0623w 2< -4.5381w+31.856, -0.0623w 2< +3.5746w+49.884) point C (0.0, 0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553); and if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve IJ, curve JK, straight line KF, straight line FC, and straight line CI that connect the following 4 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CI): point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0-w) point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2-w) point E (18.1, 0.0444w 2< -4.3556w+31.411, -0.0444w 2< +3.3556w+50.489) point C (0.0, 0.0667w 2< -4.9667w+58.3, -0.0667w 2< +3.9667w+41.7), and curve IJ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0236x 2< -1.716x+72, - 0.0236x 2< +0.716x+28-w). When the requirements above are satisfied, refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower WCF flammability.

[0154] Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 0<w≤0.6, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve GO, curve OP, straight line PB", straight line B"D, and straight line DG that connect the following 5 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line B"D): point G (-5.8333w 2< -3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w 2< +1.4167w+26.2, -1.25w 2< +0.75w+51.6) point O (36.8, 0.8333w 2< +1.8333w+22.6, -0.8333w 2< -2.8333w+40.6) point P (51.7, 1.1111w 2< +20.5, -1.1111w 2< -w+27.8) point B" (-1.5278w 2< +2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2< -3.75w+49.5) point D (-2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683); and if 0.6<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve GN, curve NO, curve OP, straight line PB", straight line B"D, and straight line DG that connect the following 6 points or on these line segments (excluding the points on straight line B"D): point G (-5.8333w 2< -3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w 2< +1.4167w+26.2, -1.25w 2< +0.75w+51.6) point N (18.2, 0.2778w 2< +3w+27.7, -0.2778w 2< -4w+54.1) point O (36.8, 0.8333w 2< +1.8333w+22.6, -0.8333w 2< -2.8333w+40.6) point P (51.7, 1.1111w 2< +20.5, -1.1111w 2< -w+27.8) point B" (-1.5278w 2< +2.75w+50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2< -3.75w+49.5) point D (-2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683); and when 0<w≤0.6, curve GO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w 2< -0.0059w+0.0072)x 2< +(-0.279w 2< +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2< -0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y); when 0.6<w≤1.2, curve GN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0122w 2< -0.0113w+0.0313)x 2< +(-0.3582w 2< +0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2< +3.7417w+43.824, 100-w-x-y); when 0.6<w≤1.2, curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w 2< -0.0059w+0.0072)x 2< +(-0.279w 2< +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2< -0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y); and when 0<w≤1.2, curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0074w 2< -0.0133w+0.0064)x 2< +(-0.5839w 2< +1.0268w-0.7103)x+11.472w 2< -17.455w+40.07, 100-w-x-y); if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve MW, curve WN, curve NO, curve OP, straight line PB", straight line B"D, straight line DC, and straight line CM that connect the following 8 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line B"D and straight line CM): point M (0.0, -0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w 2< -3.419w+44.47) point W (10.0, -0.3645w 2< +3.5024w+44.422, 0.3645w 2< -4.5024w+55.57) point N (18.2, -0.3773w 2< +3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w 2< -4.319w+53.54) point O (36.8, -0.1392w 2< +1.4381w+24.475, 0.1392w 2< -2.4381w+38.725) point P (51.7, -0.2381w 2< +1.881w+20.186, 0.2381w 2< -2.881w+28.114) point B" (51.6, 0.0, -w+48.4) point D (-2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789) point C (0.0, 0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553), and curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w 2< -0.0359w+0.1509)x 2< +(-0.0493w 2< +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y), curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w 2< -0.0326w+0.0665)x 2< +(-0.1571w 2< +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2< -2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y), curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.00062w 2< +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2< +(0.0375w 2< -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2< +6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y), and curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.000463w 2< +0.0024w-0.0011)x 2< +(0.0457w 2< -0.2581w-0.075)x-1.355w 2< +8.749w+27.096, 100-w-x-y); and if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve MW, curve WN, curve NO, curve OP, straight line PB", straight line B"D, straight line DC, and straight line CM that connect the following 8 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line B"D and straight line CM): point M (0.0, -0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w 2< -1.8333w+41.867) point W (10.0, -0.0667w 2< +1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w 2< -2.1w+50.733) point N (18.2, -0.0889w 2< +1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w 2< -2.3778w+50.389) point O (36.8, -0.0444w 2< +0.6889w+25.956, 0.0444w 2< -1.6889w+37.244) point P (51.7, -0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+21.633, 0.0667w 2< -1.8333w+26.667) point B" (51.6, 0.0, -w+48.4) point D (-2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9) point C (0.0, 0.0667w 2< -4.9667w+58.3, -0.0667w 2< +3.9667w+41.7), and curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w 2< -0.0391w+0.1756)x 2< +(-0.0356w 2< +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y), curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.002061w 2< +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2< +(0.0556w 2< -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2< +4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y), curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2< +(0.0022w 2< -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2< +2.0247w+42.327, 100-w-x-y), and curve OP is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.0006258w 2< +0.0066w-0.0153)x 2< +(0.0516w 2< -0.5478w+0.9894)x-1.074w 2< +11.651w+10.992, 100-w-x-y).

[0155] When the requirements above are satisfied, refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a lower ASHRAE flammability. Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 0<w≤0.6, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve GO, straight line OF, and straight line FG that connect the following 3 points or on these line segments: point G (-5.8333w 2< -3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w 2< -1.4167w+26.2, -1.25w 2< +3.5834w+51.6) point O (36.8, 0.8333w 2< +1.8333w+22.6, -0.8333w 2< -2.8333w+40.6) point F (-0.0833w+36.717, -4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), and curve GO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w 2< -0.0059w+0.0072)x 2< +(-0.279w 2< +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2< -0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y); if 0.6<w≤1.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve GN, curve NO, straight line OF, and straight line FG that connect the following 4 points or on these line segments: point G (-5.8333w 2< -3.1667w+22.2, 7.0833w 2< -1.4167w+26.2, -1.25w 2< +3.5834w+51.6) point N (18.2, 0.2778w 2< +3.0w+27.7, -0.2.778w 2< -4.0w+54.1) point O (36.8, 0.8333w 2< +1.8333w+22.6, -0.8333w 2< -2.8333w+40.6) point F (-0.0833w+36.717, -4.0833w+5.1833, 3.1666w+58.0997), and when 0.6<w≤1.2, curve GN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0122w 2< -0.0113w+0.0313)x 2< +(-0.3582w 2< +0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2< +3.7417w+43.824, 100-w-x-y), and when 0.6<w≤1.2, curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00487w 2< -0.0059w+0.0072)x 2< +(-0.279w 2< +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2< -0.2467w+37.512, 100-w-x-y); and if 1.2<w≤1.3, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve MW, curve WN, curve NO, straight line OF, straight line FC, and straight line CM that connect the following 6 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CM): point M (0.0, -0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w 2< -3.419w+44.47) point W (10.0, -0.3645w 2< +3.5024w34.422, 0.3645w 2< -4.5024w+55.578) point N (18.2, -0.3773w 2< +3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w 2< -4.319w+53.54) point O (36.8, -0.1392w 2< +1.4381w+24.475, 0.1392w 2< -2.4381w+38.725) point F (36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5) point C (0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, 0.0, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553), and curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w 2< -0.0359w+0.1509)x 2< +(-0.0493w 2< +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y), curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w 2< -0.0326w+0.0665)x 2< +(-0.1571w 2< +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2< -2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y), and curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.00062w 2< +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2< +(0.0375w 2< -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2< +6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y); if 1.3<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve MW, curve WN, curve NO, straight line OB', straight line B'D, straight line DC, and straight line CM that connect the following 7 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CM): point M (0.0, -0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w 2< -3.419w+44.47) point W (10.0, -0.3645w 2< +3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w 2< -4.5024w+55.578) point N (18.2, -0.3773w 2< +3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w 2< -4.319w+53.54) point O (36.8, -0.1392w 2< +1.4381w+24.475, 0.1392w 2< -2.4381w+38.725) point B'(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) point D (-2.8226w+40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w+59.789) point C (0.0, 0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553), and curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w 2< -0.0359w+0.1509)x 2< +(-0.0493w 2< +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y), curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w 2< -0.0326w+0.0665)x 2< +(-0.1571w 2< +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2< -2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y), and curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.00062w 2< +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2< +(0.0457w 2< -0.2581w-0.075)x-1.355w 2< +8.749w+27.096, 100-w-x-y); and if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve MW, curve WN, curve NO, straight line OB', straight line B'D, straight line DC, and straight line CM that connect the following 7 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CM): point M (0.0, -0.0667w 2< +0.8333w58.133, 0.0667w 2< -1.8333w+41.867) point W (10.0, -0.0667w 2< +1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w 2< -2.1w+50.733) point N (18.2, -0.0889w 2< +1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w 2< -2.3778w+50.389) point O (36.8, -0.0444w 2< +0.6889w+25.956, 0.0444w 2< -1.6889w+37.244) point B' (36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) point D (-2.8w+40. 1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9) point C (0.0, 0.0667w 2< -4.9667w+58.3, -0.0667w 2< +3.9667w+41.7), and curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w 2< -0.0391w+0.1756)x 2< +(-0.0356w 2< +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y), curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.002061w 2< +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2< +(0.0556w 2< -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2< +4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y), and curve NO is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0082x 2< +(0.0022w 2< -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2< +2.0247w+42.327, 100-w-x-y).

[0156] When the requirements above are satisfied, refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and a lower ASHRAE flammability. Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, if 1.2<w≤4.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass% are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve MW, curve WN, straight line NE, straight line EC, and straight line CM that connect the following 5 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CM): point M (0.0, -0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 0.3004w 2< -3.419w+44.47) point W (10.0, -0.3645w 2< +3.5024w+34.422, 0.3645w 2< -4.5024w+55.578) point N (18.2, -0.3773w 2< +3.319w+28.26, 0.3773w 2< -4.319w+53.54) point E (-0.0365w+18.26, 0.0623w 2< -4.5381w+31.856, -0.0623w 2< +3.5746w+49.884) point C (0.0, 0.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2< +4.169w+41.553), and curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0043w 2< -0.0359w+0.1509)x 2< +(-0.0493w 2< +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y), and curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (0.0055w 2< -0.0326w+0.0665)x 2< +(-0.1571w 2< +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2< -2.2153w+54.044, 100-w-x-y); and if 4.0<w≤7.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by curve MW, curve WN, straight line NE, straight line EC, and straight line CM that connect the following 5 points or on these line segments (excluding points on straight line CM): point M (0.0, -0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+58.133, 0.0667w 2< -1.8333w+41.867) point W (10.0, -0.0667w 2< +1.1w+39.267, 0.0667w 2< -2.1w+50.733) point N (18.2, -0.0889w 2< +1.3778w+31.411, 0.0889w 2< -2.3778w+50.389) point E (18.1, 0.0444w 2< -4.3556w+31.411, -0.0444w 2< +3.3556w+50.489) point C (0.0, 0.0667w 2< -4.9667w+58.3, -0.0667w 2< +3.9667w+41.7), and curve MW is represented by coordinates (x, (0.00357w 2< -0.0391w+0.1756)x 2< +(-0.0356w 2< +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y), and curve WN is represented by coordinates (x, (-0.002061w 2< +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2< +(0.0556w 2< -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2< +4.7352w+43.383, 100-w-x-y). When the requirements above are satisfied, refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower ASHRAE flammability.

[0157] Refrigerant 1E may further comprise an additional refrigerant in addition to CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, as long as the above characteristics and effects of the refrigerant are not impaired. From this viewpoint, refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure preferably comprises R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass% or more, more preferably 99.75 mass% or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass% or more, of the entire refrigerant.

[0158] The additional refrigerant is not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

[0159] Refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

[0160] The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.Examples of Refrigerant 1E

[0161] The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples. However, refrigerant 1E according to the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

[0162] The burning velocity of each of the mixed refrigerants of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf was measured in accordance with the ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. While changing the concentration of CO 2 , a formulation that shows a burning velocity of 10 cm / s was found. Tables 27 to 29 show the formulations found.

[0163] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1A in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by using a closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two acrylic light transmission windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

[0164] The WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0. Table 270% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex.13Comp. Ex.14Comp. Ex.15Comp. Ex.16Comp. Ex.17Comp. Ex.18Comp. Ex.19IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%28.032.833.231.227.623.819.4CO 2 mass%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s10101010101010 0.6% CO 2 ItemUnitExample 3Example 4Example 5Example 6Example 7Example 8Example 9IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%27.432.632.630.627.023.310.8CO 2 mass%0.60.60.60.60.60.60.6Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s10101010101010 1.2% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 48Example 17Example 18Example 19Example 20Example 21Example 22IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%26.831.632.030.026.422.718.2CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.2Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s101010101010 1.3% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 59Example 29Example 30Example 31Example 32Example 33Example 34IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%26.731.531.929.926.322.618.1CO 2 mass%1.31.31.31.31.31.31.3Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s10101010101010 2.5% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 69Example 44Example 45Example 46Example 47Example 48Example 49IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%25.530.330.728.725.121.316.9CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.5Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s10101010101010 4.0 CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 79Example 59Example 60Example 61Example 62Example 63Example 64IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%24.028.829.227.223.619.815.4CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.0Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s10101010101010 5.5 CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 89Example 74Example 75Example 76Example 77Example 78Example 79IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%22.527.327.725.722.118.313.9CO 2 mass%5.55.55.55.55.55.55.5Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s10101010101010 7.0 CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 99Example 89Example 90Example 91Example 92Example 93Example 94IJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%21.025.826.224.220.616.812.4CO 2 mass%7.07.07.07.07.07.07.0Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s10101010101010 Table 28 0% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex. 20Comp. Ex. 21Comp. Ex. 22Comp. Ex. 23Comp. Ex. 24Comp. Ex. 25Comp. Ex. 26Comp. Ex. 27Comp. Ex. 28MWNOPWCFHFO-1132(E)mass%52.639.232.429.327.724.522.621.220.5R32mass%0.05.010.014.518.227.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%47.455.857.656.254.147.940.634.627.8CO 2 mass%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideWCFFHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.848.743.640.634.931.429.227.1R32mass%0.09.517.924.228.738.145.751.156.4R1234yfmass%28.032.733.432.230.727.023.019.716.5CO 2 mass%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010 0.6% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex. 35Comp. Ex. 37Comp. Ex. 38Comp. Ex. 39Example 1Example 10Example 11Example 12Example 13C=MWN(=E=G)OPWCFHFO-1132(E)mass%55.442.435.131.629.626.324.022.420.9R32mass%0.05.010.014.518.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%44.052.054.353.351.645.538.633.026.8CO 2 mass%0.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.6Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, liquid phase sideWCFFHFO-1132(E)mass%72.058.649.744.541.335.832.129.827.8R32mass%0.08.916.923.027.436.644.149.454.7R1234yfmass%2.729.130.229.428.324.821.118.214.9CO 2 mass%3.33.43.23.13.02.82.72.62.6Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010 1.2% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex.49Comp. Ex.50Example 16Example 23Example 24Example 25Example 26Example 27Example 28MG=WNOPWCFHFO-1132(E)mass%58.045.238.134.031.727.925.423.722.1R32mass%0.05.010.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%40.848.650.748.948.943.336.031.125.0CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 6%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 6% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideWCFFHFO-1132(E)mass%72.059.350.945.642.236.432.730.328.3R32mass%0.08.315.821.726.235.342.848.153.4R1234yfmass%24.828.028.527.726.723.620.017.113.9CO 2 mass%3.24.44.85.04.94.74.54.54.4Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010 1.3% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex.60Example 35Example 36Example 37Example 38Example 39Example 40Example 41Example 42MWNOPWCFHFO-1132(E)mass%58.245.538.434.331.928.125.623.922.3R32mass%0.05.010.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%40.548.250.350.048.643.036.330.824.7CO 2 mass%1.31.31.31.31.31.31.31.31.3Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 0%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 8%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 6% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 6% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 6% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 4% at release, liquid phase sideWCFFHFO-1132(E)mass%72.059.451.045.742.236.532.830.428.4R32mass%0.08.215.821.526.035.142.647.953.2R1234yfmass%25.027.628.127.826.926.319.716.913.6CO 2 mass%3.04.85.15.04.95.14.94.84.8Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010 Table 29 2.5% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex. 70Example 50Example 51Example 52Example 53Example 54Example 55Example 56Example 57MWNOPWCFHFO-1132(E)mass%59.748.140.936.934.229.927.225.223.4R32mass%0.05.010.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%37.844.446.646.245.140.033.528.122.4CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 26%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 20%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 20%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 20%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 18% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 18% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 18% at release, liquid phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 20%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 22%, at release, gas phase sideWCFFHFO-1132(E)mass%72.060.352.146.943.237.133.230.628.3R32mass%0.07.514.620.224.734.141.847.653.4R1234yfmass%24.927.428.428.026.723.419.716.913.8CO 2 mass%3.14.84.94.95.45.45.44.94.5Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010 4.0% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex. 80Example 65Example 66Example 67Example 68Example 69Example 70Example 71Example 72MWNOPWCFHFO-1132 (E)mass%60.449.642.638.335.531.028.025.923.9R32mass%0.05.010.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%35.641.443.443.342.337.431.226.120.4CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 32%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 28%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 28%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 28%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 28%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 28%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 32%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 32%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 32%, at release, gas phase sideWCF FHFO-1132 (E)mass%72.060.952.947.543.837.433.130.528.1R32mass%0.07.113.919.423.933.541.747.653.6R1234yfmass%24.527.028.027.826.923.620.517.213.5CO 2 mass%3.55.05.25.35.45.54.74.74.8Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010 5.5% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex. 90Example 80Example 81Example 82Example 83Example 84Example 85Example 86Example 87MWNOPWCFHFO-1132 (E)mass%60.750.343.339.036.331.628.426.224.2R32mass%0.05.010.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%33.839.241.241.140.035.329.324.318.6CO 2 mass%5.55.55.55.55.55.55.55.55.5Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 36%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 34%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 34%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 32%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 34%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 36%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 38%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 40%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 40%, at release, gas phase sideWCFFHFO-1132 (E)mass%72.061.253.247.844.237.633.230.327.9R32mass%0.06.813.519.023.433.241.747.954.2R1234yfmass%24.527.028.127.726.823.920.217.313.3CO 2 mass%3.55.05.25.55.65.34.94.54.6Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010 7.0% CO 2 ItemComp. Ex. 100Example 95Example 96Example 97Example 98Example 99Example 100Example 101Example 102MWNOPWCFHFO-1132(E)mass%60.750.343.739.536.731.928.626.424.2R32mass%0.05.010.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%32.337.739.339.138.133.527.622.617.1CO 2 mass%7.07.07.07.07.07.07.07.07.0Leak conditions to make WCFFStorage / transport, -40°C, 42%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 34%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 38%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 40%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 40%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 42%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 42%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 42%, at release, gas phase sideStorage / transport, -40°C, 44%, at release, gas phase sideWCFFHFO-1132(E)mass%72.061.253.448.144.437.733.230.427.8R32mass%0.06.813.318.723.233.141.747.954.6R1234yfmass%24.427.027.828.127.124.119.816.312.7CO 2 mass%3.65.05.55.15.35.15.35.44.9Burning velocity (WCF)cm / s≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8≤8Burning velocity (WCFF)cm / s101010101010101010

[0165] These results indicate that when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, the mixed refrigerant has a lower WCF flammability when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in Figs. 1B to 1I, in which the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass%, are on the line segments that connect point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments.

[0166] The results further indicate that the refrigerant has a lower ASHRAE flammability when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in Fig. 1B are on the line segments that connect point M, point N, point O, and point P, or below these line segments.

[0167] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf in amounts in terms of mass% shown in Tables 30 to 40, based on their sum. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 30 to 37 relative to those of R410 were determined.

[0168] The GWP of compositions comprising a mixture of R410A (R32 = 50% / R125 = 50%) and R1234yf was evaluated based on the value stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which is not stated in the report, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP = 1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP = 0.3, described in PTL 1). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and that of compositions comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions. Evaporating temperature: 5°C Condensation temperature: 45°C Superheating temperature: 1 K Supercooling temperature: 5 K E comp (compressive modulus): 0.7 kWh

[0169] Tables 30 to 37 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. Tables 30 to 37 show cases at a CO 2 concentration of 0 mass%, 0.6 mass%, 1.2 mass%, 1.3 mass%, 2.5 mass%, 4 mass%, 5.5 mass%, and 7 mass%, respectively. Table 300% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 1Comp. Ex. 2Comp. Ex. 3Comp. Ex. 4Comp. Ex. 5Comp. Ex. 6Comp. Ex. 7Comp. Ex. 8Comp. Ex. 9ABA'B'A"B"CDHFO-1132(E)mass%R410A81.60.063.10.048.20.058.30.0R32mass%18.418.136.936.751.851.50.040.3R1234yfmass%0.081.90.063.30.049.541.759.7CO 2 mass%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0GWP-20881251252502503503502274COP ratio% (relative to R410A)10098.7103.698.7102.399.2102.1100.3102.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)100105.362.5109.977.5112.187.080.080.0Condensation glide°C0.10.36.80.14.50.02.72.94.0 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 10Comp. Ex. 11Comp. Ex. 12Comp. Ex. 13Comp. Ex. 14Comp. Ex. 15Comp. Ex. 16Comp. Ex. 17Comp. Ex. 18EFGIJKHFO-1132(E)mass%31.95.226.272.057.248.541.235.632.0R32mass%18.236.722.20.010.018.327.636.844.2R1234yfmass%49.958.151.628.032.833.231.227.623.8CO 2 mass%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0GWP-125250152269125188250300COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.3101.8100.599.999.599.499.599.699.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)82.380.882.486.688.490.994.297.7100.5Condensation glide°C4.44.34.51.72.62.72.41.91.6 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 19Comp. Ex. 20Comp. Ex. 21Comp. Ex. 22Comp. Ex. 23Comp. Ex. 24Comp. Ex. 25Comp. Ex. 26Comp. Ex. 27Comp. Ex. 28LMWNOPHFO-1132(E)mass%28.952.639.232.429.327.724.522.621.220.5R32mass%51.70.05.010.014.518.227.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%19.447.455.857.656.254.147.940.634.627.8CO 2 mass%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0GWP-35023670100125188250300350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.1100.5100.9100.9100.8100.7100.4100.4100.5100.6Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)103.377.174.875.677.880.085.591.095.099.1Condensation glide°C1.23.44.75.25.14.94.03.02.31.7 Table 31 0.6% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 29Comp. Ex. 30Comp. Ex. 31Comp. Ex. 32Comp. Ex. 33Comp. Ex. 34Comp. Ex. 35Comp. Ex. 36Example 1ABA'B'A"B"C=MDE=G=NHFO-1132(E)mass%81.00.062.50.047.60.055.40.029.6R32mass%18.418.136.936.751.851.60.038.618.2R1234yfmass%0.081.30.062.70.047.844.060.851.6CO 2 mass%0.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.6GWP-1251252502503503502263125COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.4103.498.4102.199.0102.0100.1102.1100.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)106.563.7111.178.7113.188.680.080.082.4Condensation glide°C0.77.50.44.90.33.03.94.75.2 ItemUnitExample 2Example 3Example 4Example 5Example 6Example 7Example 8Example 9Comp. Ex. 37FIJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%2.772.057.248.541.235.632.028.942.4R32mass%36.70.010.018.327.636.844.251.75.0R1234yfmass%60.027.432.632.630.627.023.310.852.0CO 2 mass%0.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.6GWP-25026912518825030035036COP ratio% (relative to R410A)101.899.599.299.199.299.499.699.7100.3Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)80.488.189.792.395.599.0101.7108.277.9Condensation glide°C4.85.22.43.23.12.82.31.93.9 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 38Comp. Ex. 39Example 10Example 11Example 12Example 13WOPHFO-1132(E)mass%35.131.626.324.022.420.9R32mass%10.014.527.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%54.353.345.538.633.026.8CO 2 mass%0.60.60.60.60.60.6GWP-70100188250299350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.4100.3100.1100.1100.2100.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)78.580.487.893.096.8100.5Condensation glide°C5.15.55.45.14.23.2 Table 32 1.2% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 40Comp. Ex. 41Comp. Ex. 42Comp. Ex. 43Comp. Ex. 44Comp. Ex. 45Comp. Ex. 46Comp. Ex. 47Example 14ABA'B'A"B"CDEHFO-1132(E)mass%80.40.061.90.047.00.052.40.026.5R32mass%18.418.136.936.651.851.60.036.818.2R1234yfmass%0.080.70.062.20.046.946.462.054.1CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-1251252502503503502251125COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.1103.298.2101.998.7101.799.9101.9100.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)107.765.0112.279.8114.289.980.080.082.0Condensation glide°C1.28.10.85.40.63.44.95.36.0 ItemUnitExample 15Example 16Comp. Ex. 48Example 17Example 18Example 19Example 20Example 21Example 22FG=WIJKLHFO-1132(E)mass%0.338.172.057.248.541.235.632.028.9R32mass%36.610.00.010.018.327.636.844.251.7R1234yfmass%61.950.726.831.632.030.026.422.718.2CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-25070269125188250300350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)101.999.999.298.998.898.999.199.499.6Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)80.081.689.791.393.796.9100.3103.0105.8Condensation glide°C5.45.73.13.63.63.22.62.21.8 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 49Comp. Ex. 50Example 23Example 24Example 25Example 26Example 27Example 28MNOPHFO-1132 (E)mass%58.045.234.031.727.925.423.722.1R32mass%0.05.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%40.848.648.948.943.336.031.125.0CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-236100125188250298350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.699.899.899.899.799.799.9100.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)82.980.983.684.990.095.398.7102.4Condensation glide°C4.35.45.65.44.43.42.82.2 Table 33 1.3% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 51Comp. Ex. 52Comp. Ex. 53Comp. Ex. 54Comp. Ex. 55Comp. Ex. 56Comp. Ex. 57Comp. Ex. 58Comp. Ex. 59ABA'B'=D=FA"B"CEIHFO-1132(E)mass%80.30.061.80.046.90.051.926.172.0R32mass%18.418.136.936.651.851.60.018.20.0R1234yfmass%0.080.60.062.10.047.146.854.426.7CO 2 mass%1.31.31.31.31.31.31.31.31.3GWP-12512525025035035021252COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.0103.298.1101.998.7101.799.8100.299.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)107.965.2112.380.0114.390.080.082.089.9Condensation glide°C1.28.20.85.40.73.45.16.13.2 ItemUnitExample 29Example 30Example 31Example 32Example 33Example 34Comp. Ex. 60Example 35Example 36JKLMWHFO-1132 (E)mass%57.248.541.235.632.028.958.245.538.4R32mass%10.018.327.636.844.251.70.05.010.0R1234yfmass%31.531.929.926.322.618.140.548.250.3CO 2 mass%1.31.31.31.31.31.31.31.31.3GWP-6912518825030035023670COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.998.898.999.199.399.699.599.899.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)91.593.997.1100.5103.2106.083.381.382.0Condensation glide°C3.73.63.22.72.31.84.45.45.8 ItemUnitExample 37Example 38Example 39Example 40Example 41Example 42NOPHFO-1132 (E)mass%34.331.928.125.623.922.3R32mass%14.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%50.048.643.036.330.824.7CO 2 mass%1.31.31.31.31.31.3GWP-100125188250298350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.899.899.699.799.8100.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)83.585.290.395.499.0102.7Condensation glide°C65.44.53.52.92.3 Table 34 2.5% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 61Comp. Ex. 62Comp. Ex. 63Comp. Ex. 64Comp. Ex. 65Comp. Ex. 66Comp. Ex. 67Comp. Ex. 68Example 43ABA'B'A"B"CDEHFO-1132(E)mass%79.10.060.60.045.70.046.20.020.9R32mass%18.418.136.936.651.851.60.033.218.2R1234yfmass%0.079.40.060.90.045.951.364.358.4CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-1251252502503503503227125COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.4102.797.6101.598.3101.399.6101.6100.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)110.367.8114.582.5116.492.580.080.081.7Condensation glide°C2.09.51.56.31.34.17.16.97.6 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 69Example 44Example 45Example 46Example 47Example 48Example 49Comp. Ex. 70Example 50IJKLMHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.959.748.1R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.70.05.0R1234yfmass%25.530.330.728.725.121.316.937.844.4CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-269125188250300350236COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.498.298.298.498.698.999.198.899.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)93.194.596.799.8103.1105.9108.687.185.7Condensation glide°C4.44.74.53.93.32.82.45.66.3 ItemUnitExample 51Example 52Example 53Example 54Example 55Example 56Example 57WNOPHFO-1132(E)mass%40.936.934.229.927.225.223.4R32mass%10.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%46.646.245.140.033.528.122.4CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-7099125188250298350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.199.199.199.099.199.399.5Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)86.287.789.294.098.8102.4105.8Condensation glide°C66.36.05.04.03.42.8 Table 35 4% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 71Comp. Ex. 72Comp. Ex. 73Comp. Ex. 74Comp. Ex. 75Comp. Ex. 76Comp. Ex. 77Comp. Ex. 78Example 58ABA'B'A"B"CDEHFO-1132(E)mass%77.60.059.10.044.20.039.50.014.7R32mass%18.418.136.936.651.851.60.028.918.1R1234yfmass%0.077.90.059.40.044.456.567.163.2CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-1251252502493503503198125COP ratio% (relative to R410A)96.7102.297.0101.097.7100.899.4101.3100.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)113.371.2117.385.7118.995.680.080.081.2Condensation glide°C3.010.92.27.22.05.09.68.79.6 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 79Example 59Example 60Example 61Example 62Example 63Example 64Comp. Ex. 80Example 65IJKLMHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.960.449.6R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.70.05.0R1234yfmass%24.028.829.227.223.619.815.435.641.4CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-269125188250300350236COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.697.597.597.798.098.398.698.098.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)97.098.1100.2103.2106.5109.1111.891.390.2Condensation glide°C5.85.85.44.74.03.53.16.97.4 ItemUnitExample 66Example 67Example 68Example 69Example 70Example 71Example 72WNOPHFO-1132(E)mass%42.638.335.531.028.025.923.9R32mass%10.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%43.443.342.337.431.226.120.4CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-7099125188250298350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.398.398.398.398.598.798.9Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)90.792.093.497.9102.5105.9109.3Condensation glide°C77.26.95.84.74.03.4 Table 36 5.5% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 81Comp. Ex. 82Comp. Ex. 83Comp. Ex. 84Comp. Ex. 85Comp. Ex. 86Comp. Ex. 87Comp. Ex. 88Example 73ABA'B'A"B"CDEHFO-1132(E)mass%76.10.057.60.042.70.033.00.08.8R32mass%18.418.136.936.651.851.60.024.718.1R1234yfmass%0.076.40.057.90.042.961.569.867.6CO 2 mass%5.55.55.55.55.55.55.55.55.5GWP-1251252502493503503170125COP ratio% (relative to R410A)96.0101.896.4100.597.2100.399.4101.2100.6Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)116.274.6119.988.9121.598.780.080.080.8Condensation glide°C3.712.32.98.22.65.812.110.811.5 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 89Example 74Example 75Example 76Example 77Example 78Example 79Comp. Ex. 90Example 80IJKLMHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.960.750.3R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.70.05.0R1234yfmass%22.527.327.725.722.118.313.933.839.2CO 2 mass%5.55.55.55.55.55.55.55.55.5GWP-269125188250299350236COP ratio% (relative to R410A)96.896.896.997.197.497.798.097.297.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)100.9101.8103.8106.6109.8112.4115.095.494.3Condensation glide°C6.96.76.25.44.74.13.78.18.5 ItemUnitExample 81Example 82Example 83Example 84Example 85Example 86Example 87WNOPHFO-1132(E)mass%43.339.036.331.628.426.224.2R32mass%10.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%41.241.140.035.329.324.318.6CO 2 mass%5.55.55.55.55.55.55.5GWP-7099125188250298350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.597.697.697.797.998.198.3Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)94.795.997.4101.6106.1109.3112.6Condensation glide°C88.17.66.55.44.74.0 Table 37 7% CO 2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 91Comp. Ex. 92Comp. Ex. 93Comp. Ex. 94Comp. Ex. 95Comp. Ex. 96Comp. Ex. 97Comp. Ex. 98Example 88ABA'B'A"B"CDEHFO-1132(E)mass%74.60.056.10.041.20.026.80.03.1R32mass%18.418.136.936.651.851.60.020.518.1R1234yfmass%0.074.90.056.40.041.466.272.571.8CO 2 mass%7.07.07.07.07.07.07.07.07.0GWP-1251252502493503503141125COP ratio% (relative to R410A)95.3101.395.8100.096.799.899.5101.1100.9Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)119.078.0122.692.2124.0101.980.080.080.3Condensation glide°C4.413.63.49.03.16.514.613.013.3 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 99Example 89Example 90Example 91Example 92Example 93Example 94Comp. Ex. 100Example 95IJKLMHFO-1132(E)mass%72.057.248.541.235.632.028.960.750.3R32mass%0.010.018.327.636.844.251.70.05.0R1234yfmass%21.025.826.224.220.616.812.432.337.7CO 2 mass%7.07.07.07.07.07.07.07.07.0GWP-269125188250299350236COP ratio% (relative to R410A)96.096.196.296.596.897.197.596.596.7Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)104.7105.5107.3110.0113.1115.6118.299.298.0Condensation glide°C7.97.56.96.05.34.74.29.29.4 ItemUnitExample 96Example 97Example 98Example 99Example 100Example 101Example 102WNOPHFO-1132(E)mass%43.739.536.731.928.626.424.2R32mass%10.014.418.227.636.844.051.7R1234yfmass%39.339.138.133.527.622.617.1CO 2 mass%7.07.07.07.07.07.07.0GWP-7099125188250298350COP ratio% (relative to R410A)96.996.997.097.197.397.597.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)98.699.7101.1105.2109.5112.7115.8Condensation glide°C98.88.47.16.05.24.6 Table 38 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 101Comp. Ex. 102Comp. Ex. 103Example 103Example 104Comp. Ex. 104Comp. Ex. 105Comp. Ex. 106HFO-1132(E)mass%10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.0R32mass%78.868.858.848.838.828.818.88.8R1234yfmass%10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-53246539833126419713063COP ratio% (relative to R410A)101.3101.2101.1101.0101.0101.3102.0102.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)108.5104.199.293.687.280.172.263.1Condensation glide°C1.11.62.23.14.35.87.48.4 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 107Comp. Ex. 108Example 105Example 106Example 107Comp. Ex. 109Comp. Ex. 110Comp. Ex. 111HFO-1132(E)mass%20.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.0R32mass%68.858.848.838.828.818.88.858.8R1234yfmass%10.020.030.040.050.060.070.010.0CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-46539833126419713062398COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.6100.5100.4100.3100.4100.9101.8100.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)108.6103.998.692.685.878.269.6108.3Condensation glide°C1.11.72.53.54.86.47.71.2 ItemUnitExample 108Example 109Example 110Example 111Comp. Ex. 112Comp. Ex. 113Comp. Ex. 114Example 112HFO-1132(E)mass%30.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.0R32mass%48.838.828.818.88.848.838.828.8R1234yfmass%20.030.040.050.060.010.020.030.0CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-33126319612962330263196COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.999.899.8100.1100.899.499.399.3Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)103.297.591.083.775.6107.5102.095.8Condensation glide°C1.82.73.85.26.61.32.02.9 ItemUnitExample 113Example 114Comp. Ex. 115Comp. Ex. 116Comp. Ex. 117Example 115Comp. Ex. 118Comp. Ex. 119HFO-1132(E)mass%40.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.0R32mass%18.88.838.828.818.88.828.818.8R1234yfmass%40.050.010.020.030.040.010.020.0CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-1296226319612962195128COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.5100.099.098.999.099.498.798.7Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)88.981.1106.2100.393.786.2104.598.2Condensation glide°C4.15.41.42.23.24.31.52.4 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 120Comp. Ex. 121Comp. Ex. 122Comp. Ex. 123Example 116Example 117Example 118Example 119HFO-1132(E)mass%60.070.070.080.015.015.015.015.0R32mass%8.818.88.88.848.846.343.841.3R1234yfmass%30.010.020.010.035.037.540.042.5CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-611286161331314297281COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.098.598.898.6100.7100.7100.6100.6Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)91.0102.495.599.796.194.793.191.6Condensation glide°C3.31.72.51.92.83.03.33.6 ItemUnitExample 120Example 121Example 122Example 123Example 124Example 125Example 126Example 127HFO-1132(E)mass%15.015.015.015.015.017.517.517.5R32mass%38.836.333.831.328.848.846.343.8R1234yfmass%45.047.550.052.555.032.535.037.5CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-264247230214197331314297COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.6100.7100.7100.7100.8100.5100.5100.5Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)89.988.386.684.883.097.495.994.4Condensation glide°C3.94.24.64.95.32.62.93.1 Table 39 ItemUnitExample 128Example 129Example 130Example 131Example 132Example 133Example 134Example 135HFO-1132(E)mass%17.517.517.517.517.517.517.520.0R32mass%41.338.836.333.831.328.826.346.3R1234yfmass%40.042.545.047.550.052.555.032.5CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-281264247230213197180314COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.5100.5100.5100.5100.6100.6100.7100.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)92.991.389.687.986.284.482.697.1Condensation glide°C3.43.74.04.34.75.15.42.7 ItemUnitExample 136Example 137Example 138Example 139Example 140Example 141Example 142Example 143HFO-1132(E)mass%20.020.020.020.020.020.022.522.5R32mass%43.841.336.333.831.326.346.343.8R1234yfmass%35.037.542.545.047.552.530.032.5CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-297280247230213180314297COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.3100.3100.3100.3100.4100.5100.2100.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.794.190.989.387.584.098.496.9Condensation glide°C2.93.23.84.14.45.22.52.7 ItemUnitExample 144Example 145Example 146Example 147Example 148Example 149Example 150Example 151HFO-1132(E)mass%22.522.522.522.522.522.522.522.5R32mass%41.338.836.333.831.328.826.323.8R1234yfmass%35.037.540.042.545.047.550.052.5CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-280264247230213197180163COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.2100.2100.2100.2100.2100.3100.3100.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.493.892.290.688.987.185.383.5Condensation glide°C3.03.33.63.94.24.54.95.3 ItemUnitExample 152Example 153Example 154Example 155Example 156Example 157Example 158Example 159HFO-1132(E)mass%25.025.025.025.025.025.027.527.5R32mass%33.831.328.826.323.821.321.921.9R1234yfmass%40.042.545.047.550.052.545.047.5CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.21.21.21.2GWP-230213196180163146150150COP ratio% (relative to 410A)100.0100.0100.1100.1100.2100.3100.0100.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to 410A)91.890.288.486.784.883.086.385.4Condensation glide°C3.64.04.34.75.05.44.84.9 ItemUnitExample 160Example 161Example 162Example 163Example 164HFO-1132(E)mass%27.527.530.032.034.0R32mass%21.921.921.921.913.8R1234yfmass%50.052.552.551.051.0CO 2 mass%1.21.21.21.21.2GWP-15015015015096COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.1100.2100.1100.0100.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)84.583.784.285.182.0Condensation glide°C5.15.25.04.95.5 Table 40 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 125Comp. Ex. 126Comp. Ex. 127Example 166Example 167Example 168Comp. Ex. 128Comp. Ex. 129HFO-1132(E)mass%10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.0R32mass%77.567.557.547.537.527.517.57.5R1234yfmass%10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-52445738932225518812154COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.9100.8100.6100.5100.5100.9101.6102.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)110.6106.2101.295.589.181.974.064.8Condensation glide°C1.82.33.04.05.37.08.810.1 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 130Comp. Ex. 131Example 169Example 170Example 171Comp. Ex. 132Comp. Ex. 133Comp. Ex. 134HFO-1132(E)mass%20.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.0R32mass%67.557.547.537.527.517.57.557.5R1234yfmass%10.020.030.040.050.060.070.010.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-45638932225518812154389COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.1100.099.999.8100.0100.5101.399.5Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)110.7106.0100.694.587.780.171.5110.4Condensation glide°C1.82.53.34.45.97.79.31.9 ItemUnitExample 172Example 173Example 174Example 175Comp. Ex. 135Comp. Ex. 136Comp. Ex. 137Example 176HFO-1132(E)mass%30.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.0R32mass%47.537.527.517.57.547.537.527.5R1234yfmass%20.030.040.050.060.010.020.030.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-32225518812053321254187COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.399.299.399.6100.398.998.898.7Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)105.399.593.085.777.5109.6104.197.9Condensation glide°C2.63.64.86.48.12.02.83.9 ItemUnitExample 177Example 178Comp. Ex. 138Comp. Ex.139Comp. Ex. 140Example 179Comp. Ex. 141Comp. Ex. 142HFO-1132(E)mass%40.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.0R32mass%17.57.537.527.517.57.527.517.5R1234yfmass%40.050.010.020.030.040.010.020.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-1205325418712053187120COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.999.498.498.398.498.898.098.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)91.083.1108.4102.595.988.4106.8100.4Condensation glide°C5.36.82.23.14.35.62.43.4 ItemUnitExample 180Comp. Ex. 143Comp. Ex. 144Comp. Ex. 145Example 181Example 182Example 183Example 184HFO-1132 (E)mass%60.070.070.080.015.015.015.015.0R32mass%7.517.57.57.550.047.545.042.5R1234yfmass%30.010.020.010.032.535.037.540.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-521195252339322305289COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.497.998.198.0100.2100.2100.2100.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)93.3104.797.8102.199.698.196.695.1Condensation glide°C4.62.73.83.03.43.63.94.2 ItemUnitExample 185Example 186Example 187Example 188Example 189Example 190Example 191Example 192HFO-1132(E)mass%15.015.015.015.015.015.015.017.5R32mass%40.037.535.032.530.027.525.050.0R1234yfmass%42.545.047.550.052.555.057.530.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-272255238222205188171339COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.2100.2100.2100.2100.3100.4100.5100.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)93.591.990.288.586.784.983.0100.8Condensation glide°C4.54.85.25.66.06.46.93.2 Table 41 ItemUnitExample 193Example 194Example 195Example 196Example 197Example 198Example 199Example 200HFO-1132(E)mass%17.517.517.517.517.517.517.517.5R32mass%47.545.042.540.037.535.032.530.0R1234yfmass%32.535.037.540.042.545.047.550.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-322305289272255238221205COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)99.497.996.494.893.291.589.888.1Condensation glide°C3.53.74.04.34.65.05.35.7 ItemUnitExample 201Example 202Example 203Example 204Example 205Example 206Example 207Example 208HFO-1132(E)mass%17.517.517.520.020.020.020.020.0R32mass%27.525.022.550.045.042.540.035.0R1234yfmass%52.555.057.527.532.535.037.542.5CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-188171154339305289272238COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.2100.3100.499.999.999.899.899.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)86.384.482.6102.099.297.796.192.9Condensation glide°C6.26.67.03.13.53.84.14.7 ItemUnitExample 209Example 210Example 211Example 212Example 213Example 214Example 215Example 216HFO-1132(E)mass%20.020.020.020.020.022.522.522.5R32mass%32.530.025.022.520.050.047.545.0R1234yfmass%45.047.552.555.057.525.027.530.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-221205171154138339322305COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.899.9100.0100.2100.399.899.799.7Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)91.289.585.984.082.1103.2101.8100.4Condensation glide°C5.15.56.36.77.22.93.13.4 ItemUnitExample 217Example 218Example 219Example 220Example 221Example 222Example 223Example 224HFO-1132(E)mass%22.522.522.522.522.522.522.522.5R32mass%42.540.037.535.032.530.027.525.0R1234yfmass%32.535.037.540.042.545.047.550.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-288272255238221205188171COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.799.799.799.799.799.799.899.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)98.997.495.894.292.590.889.087.2Condensation glide°C3.63.94.24.54.95.25.66.0 ItemUnitExample 225Example 226Example 227Example 228Example 229Example 230Example 231Example 232HFO-1132(E)mass%22.522.522.525.025.025.025.025.0R32mass%22.520.017.540.037.535.032.530.0R1234yfmass%52.555.057.532.535.037.540.042.5CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-154137121272255238221204COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.9100.1100.299.599.599.599.599.5Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)85.483.581.598.697.195.593.892.1Condensation glide°C6.56.97.33.74.04.34.65.0 ItemUnitExample 233Example 234Example 235Example 236Example 237Example 238Example 239Example 240HFO-1132(E)mass%25.025.025.025.025.027.527.527.5R32mass%27.525.022.520.017.532.530.027.5R1234yfmass%45.047.550.052.555.037.540.042.5CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-188171154137121221204188COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.699.699.799.9100.099.499.499.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)90.488.686.884.983.095.193.491.7Condensation glide°C5.45.76.26.67.04.44.75.1 Table 42 ItemUnitExample 241Example 242Example 243Example 244Example 245Example 246Example 247Example 248HFO-1132(E)mass%27.527.527.527.527.530.030.030.0R32mass%25.022.520.017.515.025.022.520.0R1234yfmass%45.047.550.052.555.042.545.047.5CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-171154137121104171154137COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.599.599.699.899.999.399.499.5Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)89.988.186.384.382.491.389.587.6Condensation glide°C5.55.96.36.77.25.25.66.0 ItemUnitExample 249Example 250Example 251Example 252Example 253Example 254Example 255Example 256HFO-1132(E)mass%30.030.032.532.532.532.535.035.0R32mass%15.012.520.017.515.012.515.012.5R1234yfmass%52.555.045.047.550.052.547.550.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-104871371201048710487COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.799.999.399.499.599.799.399.5Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)83.881.888.987.185.183.186.584.5Condensation glide°C6.87.35.76.16.57.06.26.6 ItemUnitExample 257Example 258Example 259Example 260Example 261Example 262Example 263Example 264HFO-1132(E)mass%35.037.537.537.540.040.042.542.5R32mass%10.012.510.07.510.05.07.55.0R1234yfmass%52.547.550.052.547.552.547.550.0CO 2 mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-7087705370365336COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.699.399.499.699.399.699.399.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)82.585.883.881.885.281.084.582.4Condensation glide°C7.16.36.77.16.47.26.56.9 ItemUnitExample 265Example 266Example 267Example 268Example 269Example 270Example 271HFO-1132(E)mass%45.045.047.547.550.052.555.0R32mass%5.02.54.01.52.51.51.0R1234yfmass%47.550.046.048.545.043.541.5CO2mass%2.52.52.52.52.52.52.5GWP-3619291319129COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.399.499.299.399.199.199.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)83.781.684.282.084.284.785.6Condensation glide°C6.66.96.46.76.36.25.9 Table 43 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 146Comp. Ex. 147Comp. Ex. 148Example 272Example 273Example 274Comp. Ex. 149Comp. Ex. 150HFO-1132(E)mass%10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.0R32mass%76.066.056.046.036.026.016.06.0R1234yfmass%10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-51444637931224517811144COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.3100.2100.1100.0100.0100.4101.2102.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)113.0108.6103.597.891.384.176.166.8Condensation glide°C2.53.13.95.06.48.310.412.2 ItemUnitComp. Ex. 146Comp. Ex. 147Example 275Example 276Example 277Example 278Comp. Ex. 153Comp. Ex. 154HFO-1132(E)mass%20.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.0R32mass%66.056.046.036.026.016.06.056.0R1234yfmass%10.020.030.040.050.060.070.010.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-44637931224517811144379COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.699.599.399.299.4100.0100.998.9Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)113.1108.4103.096.889.982.373.7112.9Condensation glide°C2.63.34.25.57.19.211.22.7 ItemUnitExample 279Example 280Example 281Example 282Comp. Ex.155Comp. Ex.156Comp. Ex.157Example 283HFO-1132(E)mass%30.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.0R32mass%46.036.026.016.06.046.036.026.0R1234yfmass%20.030.040.050.060.010.020.030.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-31224517711043311244177COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.798.698.799.099.898.398.198.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)107.7101.995.488.079.9112.1106.6100.4Condensation glide°C3.54.66.07.89.82.83.85.0 ItemUnitExample 284Example 285Comp. Ex. 158Comp. Ex. 159Example 286Example 287Comp. Ex. 160Comp. Ex. 161HFO-1132(E)mass%40.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.0R32mass%16.06.036.026.016.06.026.016.0R1234yfmass%40.050.010.020.030.040.010.020.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-1104324417711043177109COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.398.897.797.797.898.297.397.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)93.485.6110.9105.098.490.9109.3103.0Condensation glide°C6.68.43.14.15.57.13.44.6 ItemUnitExample 288Comp. Ex. 162Comp. Ex. 163Comp. Ex. 164Example 289Example 290Example 291Example 292HFO-1132(E)mass%60.070.070.080.015.015.015.015.0R32mass%6.016.06.06.048.546.043.541.0R1234yfmass%30.010.020.010.032.535.037.540.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-421094242329312295279COP ratio% (relative to R410A)97.797.297.497.299.799.699.699.6Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.9107.3100.5104.9101.9100.498.997.4Condensation glide°C6.03.85.14.34.34.64.95.2 ItemUnitExample 293Example 294Example 295Example 296Example 297Example 298Example 299Example 300HFO-1132(E)mass%15.015.015.015.015.015.015.015.0R32mass%38.536.033.531.028.526.023.521.0R1234yfmass%42.545.047.550.052.555.057.560.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-262245228211195178161144COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.699.699.699.799.899.9100.0100.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)95.894.192.490.788.987.185.283.3Condensation glide°C5.65.96.36.87.27.78.28.7 Table 44 ItemUnitExample 301Example 302Example 303Example 304Example 305Example 306Example 307Example 308HFO-1132(E)mass%15.017.517.517.517.517.517.517.5R32mass%18.548.546.043.541.038.536.033.5R1234yfmass%62.530.032.535.037.540.042.545.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-128329312295278262245228COP ratio% (relative to R410A)100.499.599.599.499.499.499.499.4Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)81.3103.1101.7100.298.797.195.593.8Condensation glide°C9.34.14.44.75.05.35.76.1 ItemUnitExample 309Example 310Example 311Example 312Example 313Example 314Example 315Example 316HFO-1132(E)mass%17.517.517.517.517.517.520.020.0R32mass%31.028.526.023.521.018.548.543.5R1234yfmass%47.550.052.555.057.560.027.532.5CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-211195178161144127329295COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.599.599.699.899.9100.199.399.3Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)92.190.388.586.784.882.8104.4101.5Condensation glide°C6.57.07.47.98.49.04.04.5 ItemUnitExample 317Example 318Example 319Example 320Example 321Example 322Example 323Example 324HFO-1132(E)mass%20.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.0R32mass%41.038.533.531.028.523.521.018.5R1234yfmass%35.037.542.545.047.552.555.057.5CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-278262228211195161144127COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.399.299.399.399.399.599.699.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)100.098.495.293.591.788.186.284.3Condensation glide°C4.85.15.86.26.77.68.18.6 ItemUnitExample 325Example 326Example 327Example 328Example 329Example 330Example 331Example 332HFO-1132(E)mass%22.522.522.522.522.522.522.522.5R32mass%48.546.043.541.038.536.033.531.0R1234yfmass%25.027.530.032.535.037.540.042.5CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-329312295278262245228211COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.299.299.199.199.199.199.199.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)105.6104.2102.7101.399.798.196.594.8Condensation glide°C3.84.04.34.64.95.25.66.0 ItemUnitExample 333Example 334Example 335Example 336Example 337Example 338Example 339Example 340HFO-1132(E)mass%22.522.522.522.522.522.522.525.0R32mass%28.526.023.521.018.516.013.543.5R1234yfmass%45.047.550.052.555.057.560.027.5CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-19417816114412711194295COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.199.299.399.499.599.799.999.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)93.191.389.587.785.883.881.8104.0Condensation glide°C6.46.87.37.88.38.89.34.1 ItemUnitExample 341Example 342Example 343Example 344Example 345Example 346Example 347Example 348HFO-1132(E)mass%25.025.025.025.025.025.025.025.0R32mass%41.038.536.033.531.028.526.023.5R1234yfmass%30.032.535.037.540.042.545.047.5CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-278261245228211194178161COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.998.998.998.998.999.099.099.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)102.5101.099.497.896.194.492.790.9Condensation glide°C4.44.75.05.45.76.16.57.0 Table 45 ItemUnitExample 349Example 350Example 351Example 352Example 353Example 354Example 355Example 356HFO-1132(E)mass%25.025.025.025.027.527.527.527.5R32mass%21.018.516.013.535.031.028.526.0R1234yfmass%50.052.555.057.535.037.540.042.5CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-14412711094238211194178COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.299.399.599.798.898.898.898.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)89.187.285.283.299.497.495.894.0Condensation glide°C7.58.08.59.05.05.55.96.3 ItemUnitExample 357Example 358Example 359Example 360Example 361Example 362Example 363Example 364HFO-1132(E)mass%27.527.527.527.527.527.530.030.0R32mass%23.521.018.516.013.511.023.521.0R1234yfmass%45.047.550.052.555.057.542.545.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-1611441271109477161144COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.999.099.199.299.499.698.798.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)92.390.488.686.784.782.693.691.8Condensation glide°C6.77.27.68.18.79.26.46.9 ItemUnitExample 365Example 366Example 367Example 368Example 369Example 400Example 401Example 402HFO-1132(E)mass%30.030.030.030.032.532.532.532.5R32mass%18.513.511.08.521.018.516.035.0R1234yfmass%47.552.555.057.542.545.047.550.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-127947760144127110239COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.999.299.399.598.698.798.899.1Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)89.986.184.182.093.191.389.494.0Condensation glide°C7.38.38.89.36.67.07.55.5 ItemUnitExample 403Example 404Example 405Example 406Example 407Example 408Example 409Example 410HFO-1132(E)mass%32.532.532.535.035.035.035.035.0R32mass%11.08.56.016.013.511.08.56.0R1234yfmass%52.555.057.545.047.550.052.555.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-77604311093776043COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.199.399.598.698.798.999.199.3Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)85.583.481.390.888.886.984.882.8Condensation glide°C8.59.09.57.27.68.18.69.1 ItemUnitExample 411Example 412Example 413Example 414Example 415Example 416Example 417Example 418HFO-1132(E)mass%37.537.537.537.537.540.040.040.0R32mass%13.511.08.56.03.511.08.53.5R1234yfmass%45.047.550.052.555.045.047.552.5CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-9377604326766026COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.698.798.999.099.298.598.799.0Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)90.288.286.284.282.089.687.683.4Condensation glide°C7.37.88.38.89.27.57.98.9 ItemUnitExample 419Example 420Example 421Example 422Example 423Example 424Example 425Example 426HFO-1132(E)mass%40.042.542.542.542.545.045.045.0R32mass%1.08.535.03.51.06.03.51.0R1234yfmass%55.045.047.550.052.545.047.550.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-96023926943269COP ratio% (relative to R410A)99.298.598.898.899.098.598.698.8Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)81.288.995.684.882.688.386.284.0Condensation glide°C9.37.65.08.59.07.88.28.7 Table 46 ItemUnitExample 427Example 428Example 429Example 430Example 431Example 432HFO-1132(E)mass%47.547.550.050.052.555.0R32mass%4.52.03.51.02.01.0R1234yfmass%44.046.542.545.041.540.0CO 2 mass%4.04.04.04.04.04.0GWP-3316269169COP ratio% (relative to R410A)98.498.698.398.598.398.2Refrigerating capacity ratio% (relative to R410A)88.486.388.986.888.989.4Condensation glide°C7.78.17.68.07.57.4

[0170] These results indicate that when the mass% of CO 2 , R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by w, x, y, and z, the mixed refrigerant has a GWP of 350 when coordinates (x,y,z) are on straight line A"B" in the ternary composition diagrams shown in Figs. 1B to 1I, in which the sum of R32, and R1234yf, and HFO-1132(E) is (100-w) mass%, and the mixed refrigerant has a GWP of less than 350 when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagrams are located to the right of straight line A"B". The results further indicate that the mixed refrigerant has a GWP of 250 when coordinates (x,y,z) are on straight line A'B' in the ternary composition diagrams shown in Figs. 1B to 1I, and the mixed refrigerant has a GWP of less than 125 when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagrams are located to the right of straight line A'B'. The results further show that the mixed refrigerant has a GWP of 125 when coordinates (x,y,z) are on straight line segment AB in the ternary composition diagrams shown in Figs. 1B to 1I, and the mixed refrigerant has a GWP of less than 125 when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagrams are located to the right of straight line segment AB.

[0171] The straight line that connects point D and point C is found to be roughly located slightly to the left of the curve that connect points where the mixed refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% relative to R410A. Accordingly, the results show that when coordinates (x, y, z) are located on the left side of the straight line that connects point D and point C, the mixed refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A.

[0172] The coordinates of point A and point B, point A' and point B', and point A" and point B" were determined by obtaining approximate formulas based on the points shown in the above table. Specifically, the calculation was performed as shown in Table 47 (point A and point B), Table 48 (point A' and point B'), and Table 49 (point A" and point B"). Table 47 Point AItem1.2≥CO 2 >O4.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113281.681.080.480.479.177.677.676.174.6R3218.418.418.418.418.418.418.418.418.4R1234yf0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0CO 2 WwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)-w+81.6-w+81.6-w+81.6Approximate formula of R3218.418.418.4Approximate formula of R1234yf0.00.00.0 Point BItem1.2≥CO 2 >O4.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-11320.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0R3218.118.118.118.118.118.118.118.118.1R1234yf81.981.380.780.779.477.977.976.474.9CO 2 wwWApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)0.00.00.0Approximate formula of R3218.118.118.1Approximate formula of R1234yf-w+81.9-w+81.9-w+81.9 Table 48 Point A'Item1.2≥CO 2 >O4.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113263.162.561.961.960.659.159.157.656.1R3236.936.936.936.936.936.936.936.936.9R1234yf0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0CO 2 wwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)-w+63.1-w+63.1-w+63.1Approximate formula of R3236.936.936.9Approximate formula of R1234yf0.00.00.0 Point B'Item1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-11320.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0R3236.736.736.636.636.636.636.636.636.6R1234yf63.362.762.262.260.959.459.457.956.4CO 2 wwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)00.00.0Approximate formula of R32100-R1234yf-CO 2 36.636.6Approximate formula of R1234yf-0.9167w+63.283-w+63.4-w+63.4 Table 49 Point A"Item1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113248.247.647.047.045.744.244.242.741.2R3251.851.851.851.851.851.851.851.851.8R1234yf0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0CO 2 WwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)-w+48.2-w+48.2-w+48.2Approximate formula of R3251.851.851.8Approximate formula of R1234yf0.00.00.0 Point B"Item1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-11320.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0R3251.551.651.651.651.651.651.651.651.6R1234yf49.547.847.247.245.944.444.442.941.4CO 2 WwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)0.00.00.0Approximate formula of R32100-R1234yf-CO 2 51.651.6Approximate formula of R1234yf1.5278W 2< -3.75w+49.5-w+48.4-w+48.4

[0173] The coordinates of points C to G were determined by obtaining approximate formulas based on the points shown in the above table. Specifically, the calculation was performed as shown in Tables 50 and 51. Table 50Point CItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113258.355.452.452.446.239.539.533.026.8R320.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0R1234yf41.744.046.446.451.356.556.561.566.2CO 2 wwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)-4.9167w+58.3170.1081w 2< -5.169w+58.4470.0667w 2< -4.9667w+58.3Approximate formula of R320.00.00.0Approximate formula of R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-CO 2 Point DItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-11320.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0R3240.338.636.836.833.228.928.924.720.5R1234yf59.760.862.062.064.367.167.169.872.5CO 2 wWwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)0.00.00.0Approximate formula of R32-2.9167w+40.317-2.8226w+40.211-2.8w+40.1Approximate formula of R1234yf100-R32-CO 2 100-R32-CO 2 100-R32-CO 2 Point EItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113231.929.626.526.520.914.714.78.83.1R3218.218.218.218.218.218.118.118.118.1R1234yf49.951.654.154.158.463.263.267.671.8CO 2 wWWApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)-1.1111w 2< -3.1667w+31.90.0623w 2< -4.5381w+31.8560.0444w 2< -4.3556w+31.411Approximate formula of R3218.2-0.0365w+18.2618.1Approximate formula of R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 Point FItem1.2≥CO 2 >01.3≥CO 2 >1.2CO 2 0.00.61.21.21.3E-HFO-11325.22.70.30.30R3236.736.736.636.636.6R1234yf58.160.061.961.962.1CO 2 WwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)-4.0833w+5.1833-3w+3.9Approximate formula of R32-0.0833w+36.71736.6Approximate formula of R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 Point GItem1.2≥CO 2 ≥0CO 2 0.00.61.2E-HFO-113226.229.638.1R3222.218.210.0R1234yf51.651.650.7CO 2 wApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)7.0833w 2< +1.4167w+26.2Approximate formula of R32-5.8333w 2< -3.1667w+22.2Approximate formula of R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 Table 51 Point MItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113252.655.458.058.059.760.40.033.026.8R320.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0R1234yf47.444.040.840.837.835.656.561.566.2CO 2 wwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)100-E-HFO-1132-R1234yf-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R1234yf-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R1234yf-CO 2 Approximate formula of R320.00.00.0Approximate formula of R1234yf0.2778w 2< -5.8333w+47.40.3004w 2< -3.419w+44.470.0667w 2< -1.8333w+41.867 Point WItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113232.435.138.138.140.942.642.643.343.7R3210.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.0R1234yf57.654.350.750.746.643.443.441.239.3CO 2 WwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 Approximate formula of R3210.010.010.0Approximate formula of R1234yf-0.4167w 2< -5.25w+57.60.3645w 2< -4.5024w+55.5780.0667w 2< -2.1w+50.733 Point NItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113227.729.631.731.734.235.535.536.336.7R3218.218.218.218.218.218.218.218.218.2R1234yf54.151.648.948.945.142.342.340.038.1CO 2 wwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 Approximate formula of R3218.218.218.2Approximate formula of R1234yf-0.2778w 2< -4w+54.10.3773w 2< -4.319w+53.540.0889w 2< -2.3778w+50.389 Point OItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO2 ≥ 1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113222.624.025.425.427.228.028.028.428.6R3236.836.836.836.836.836.836.836.836.8R1234yf40.638.636.036.033.531.231.229.327.6CO 2 wwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)100-R32-R1234yf -CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf -CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf -CO 2 Approximate formula of R3236.836.836.8Approximate formula of R1234yf-0.8333w 2< -2.8333w+40.60.1392w 2< -2.4381w+38.7250.0444w 2< -1.6889w+37.244 Point PItem1.2≥CO 2 >04.0≥CO 2 ≥1.27.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0CO 2 0.00.61.21.22.54.04.05.57.0E-HFO-113220.520.922.122.123.423.923.924.224.2R3251.751.751.751.751.751.751.751.751.7R1234yf27.826.825.025.022.420.420.418.617.1CO 2 WwwApproximate formula of HFO-1132(E)100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 100-R32-R1234yf-CO 2 Approximate formula of R3251.751.751.7Approximate formula of R1234yf-1.1111w 2< -w+27.80.2381w 2< -2.881w+28.1140.0667w 2< -1.8333w+26.667

[0174] The coordinates of points on curve IJ, curve JK, and curve KL were determined by obtaining approximate formulas based on the points shown in the above table. Specifically, the calculation was performed as shown in Table 52. Table 52Refrigerant typeIExampleJJExampleKKExampleLCO 2 R320.010.018.318.327.636.836.844.251.70.0E-HFO-113272.057.248.548.541.235.635.632.028.9R1234yf28.032.833.233.231.227.627.623.819.40.6E-HFO-113272.057.248.548.541.235.635.632.028.9R1234yf27.432.232.632.630.627.027.023.218.81.2E-HFO-113272.057.248.548.541.235.635.632.028.9R1234yf26.831.632.032.030.026.426.422.618.22.5E-HFO-113272.057.248.548.541.235.635.632.028.9R1234yf25.530.330.730.728.725.125.121.316.94.0E-HFO-113272.057.248.548.541.235.635.632.028.9R1234yf24.028.829.229.227.223.623.619.815.45.5E-HFO-113272.057.248.548.541.235.635.632.028.9R1234yf22.527.327.727.725.722.122.118.313.97.0E-HFO-113272.057.248.548.541.235.635.632.028.9R1234yf21.025.826.226.224.220.620.616.812.4w = CO 2 Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0236x 2< -1.716x+720.0095x 2< -1.2222x+67.6760.0049x 2< -0.8842x+61.488R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-x-w100-E-HFO-1132-x-w100-E-HFO-1132-x-w

[0175] The coordinates of points on curve MW and curve WM were determined by obtaining approximate formulas based on the points shown in the above table. Specifically, calculation was performed as shown in Table 53 (when 0 mass% < CO 2 concentration ≤ 1.2 mass%), Table 54 (when 1.2 mass% < CO 2 concentration ≤ 4.0 mass%), and Table 55 (4.0 mass% < CO 2 concentration ≤ 7.0 mass%). Table 531.2≥CO 2 >0ItemMExampleWWExampleN0.05.010.010.014.518.2CO 2 =0 mass%52.639.232.432.429.327.7Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.132x 2< -3.34x+52.60.0313x 2< -1.4551x+43.824CO 2 =0.6 mass%55.442.435.135.131.629.6Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.114x 2< -3.17x+55.40.0289x 2< -1.4866x+47.073CO 2 =1.2 mass%58.045.238.138.134.031.7Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.114x 2< -3.13x+58.00.0353x 2< -1.776x+52.330In ax 2< +bx+c, which is the approximate formula of E-HFO-113 2, approximate formulas of coefficients a, b, and c when w=CO 2 concentrationApproximate formula of coefficient a0.025w 2< -0.045w+0.1320.0122w 2< -0.0113w+0.0313Approximate formula of coefficient b-0.1806w 2< +0.3917w-3.34-0.3582w 2< +0.1624w-1.4551Approximate formula of coefficient c-0.2778w 2< +4.8333w+52.62.7889w 2< +3.7417w+43.824Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R32, w=CO 2 , and 1.2≥w>0(0.025w 2< -0.045w+0.132)x 2< +(-0.1806w 2< +0.3917w-3.34)x+(-0.2778w 2< +4.8333w+52.6)(0.0122w 2< -0.0113w+0.0313)x 2< +(-0.3582w 2< +0.1624w-1.4551)x+(2.7889w 2< +3.7417w+43.824)R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 Table 54 4.0≥CO 2 ≥1.2ItemMExampleWWExampleN0.05.010.010.014.518.2CO 2 =1.2 mass%5845.238.138.13431.7Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.114x 2< -3.13x+58.00.0353x 2< -1.776x+52.330CO 2 =2.5 mass%59.748.140.940.936.934.2Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.088x 2< -2.76x+59.70.0194x 2< -1.3644x+52.603CO 2 =4.0 mass%60.449.642.642.638.335.5Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.076x 2< -2.54x+60.40.0242x 2< -1.5495x+55.671In the approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 ax 2< +bx+c, approximate formulas of coefficients a, b, and c when w=CO 2 concentrationApproximate formula of coefficient a0.0043w 2< -0.0359w+0.15090.0055w 2< -0.0326w+0.0665Approximate formula of coefficient b-0.0493w 2< +0.4669w-3.6193-0.1571w 2< +0.8981w-2.6274Approximate formula of coefficient c-0.3004w 2< +2.419w+55.530.6555w 2< -2.2153w+54.044Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R32, w=CO 2 , and 4.0≥w≥1.2(0.0043w 2< -0.0359w+0.1509)x2 +(-0.0493w 2< +0.4669w-3.6193)x+(-0.3004w2+2.419w+55.53)(0.0055w 2< -0.0326w+0.0665)x2 +(-0.1571w 2< +0.8981w-2.6274)x+(0.6555w2-2.2153w+54.044)R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 Table 55 7.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0ItemMExampleWWExampleN0.05.010.010.014.518.2CO 2 =4.0 mass%60.449.642.642.638.335.5Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.076x 2< -2.54x+60.40.0242x 2< -1.5495x+55.671CO 2 =5.5 mass%60.750.343.343.33936.3Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.068x 2< -2.42x+60.70.0275x 2< -1.6303x+56.849CO 2 =7.0 mass%60.750.343.743.739.536.7Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.076x 2< -2.46x+60.70.0215x 2< -1.4609x+56.156In ax 2< +bx+c, which is the approximate formula of E-HFO-113 2, approximate formulas of coefficients a, b, and c when w=CO 2 concentrationApproximate formula of coefficient a0.00357w 2< -0.0391w+0.1756-0.002061w 2< +0.0218w-0.0301Approximate formula of coefficient b-0.0356w 2< +0.4178w-3.64220.0556w 2< -0.5821w-0.1108Approximate formula of coefficient c-0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+58.103-0.4158w 2< +4.7352w+43.383Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R32, w=CO 2 , and 7.0≥w≥4.0(0.00357w 2< -0.0391w+0.1756)x 2< +(-0.0356w 2< +0.4178w-3.6422)x+(-0.0667w 2< +0.8333w+58.103)(-0.002061w 2< +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2< +(0.0556w 2< -0.5821w-0.1108)x+(-0.4158w 2< +4.7352w+43.383)R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2

[0176] The coordinates of points on curve NO and curve OP were determined by obtaining approximate formulas based on the points shown in the above table. Specifically, calculation was performed as shown in Table 56 (when 0 mass% < CO 2 concentration ≤ 1.2 mass%), Table 57 (when 1.2 mass% < CO 2 concentration ≤ 4.0 mass%), and Table 58 (4.0 mass% < CO 2 concentration ≤ 7.0 mass%). Table 561.2≥CO 2 >0ItemNExampleOOExampleP18.227.636.836.844.251.7CO 2 =0 mass%27.724.522.622.621.220.5Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0072x 2< -0.6701x+37.5120.0064x 2< -0.7103x+40.07CO 2 =0.6 mass%29.626.3242422.420.9Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0054x 2< -0.5999x+38.7190.0011x 2< -0.3044x+33.727CO 2 =1.2 mass%31.727.925.425.423.722.1Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0071x 2< -0.7306x+42.6360.0011x 2< -0.3189x+35.644In ax 2< +bx+c, which is the approximate formula of E-HFO-113 2, approximate formulas of coefficients a, b, and c when w=CO 2 concentrationApproximate formula of coefficient a0.00487w 2< -0.0059w+0.00720.0074w 2< -0.0133w+0.0064Approximate formula of coefficient b-0.279w 2< +0.2844w-0.6701-0.5839w 2< +1.0268w-0.7103Approximate formula of coefficient c3.7639w 2< -0.2467w+37.51211.472w 2< -17.455w+40.07Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R32, w=CO 2 , and 1.2≥w>0(0.00487w 2< -0.0059w+0.0072)x 2< +(-0.279w 2< +0.2844w-0.6701)x +(3.7639w 2< -0.2467w+37.512)(0.0074w 2< -0.0133w+0.0064)x 2< +(-0.5839w 2< +1.0268w-0.7103)x +(11.472w 2< -17.455w+40.07)R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 Table 57 4.0≥CO 2 ≥1.2ItemNExampleOOExampleP18.227.636.836.844.251.7CO 2 =1.2 mass%31.727.925.425.423.722.1Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0071x 2< -0.7306x+42.6360.0011x 2< -0.3189x+35.644CO 2 =2.5 mass%34.229.927.227.225.223.4Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0088x 2< -0.8612x+46.9540.002x 2< -0.4348x+40.5CO 2 =4.0 mass%35.531282825.923.9Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0082x 2< -0.8546x+48.3350.0011x 2< -0.3768x+40.412In ax 2< +bx+c, which is the approximate formula of E-HFO-113 2, approximate formulas of coefficients a, b, and c when w=CO 2 concentrationApproximate formula of coefficient a-0.00062w 2< +0.0036w+0.0037-0.000463w 2< +0.0024w-0.0011Approximate formula of coefficient b0.0375w 2-< 0.239w-0.49770.0457w 2< -0.2581w-0.075Approximate formula of coefficient c-0.8575w 2< +6.4941w+36.078-1.355w 2< +8.749w+27.096Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R32, w=CO 2 , and 4.0≥w≥1.2(-0.00062w 2< +0.0036w+0.0037) x2+(0.0375w 2< -0.239w-0.4977)x+(-0.8575w2+6.4941 w+36.078)(-0.000463w 2< +0.0024w-0.0011)x 2< +(0.0457w2-0.2581w-0.075)x+(-1.355w 2< +8.749w+27.096)R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 Table 58 7.0≥CO 2 ≥4.0ItemNExampleOOExampleP18.227.636.836.844.251.7CO 2 =4.0 mass%35.531.028.028.025.923.9Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0082x 2< -0.8546x+48.3350.0011x 2< -0.3768x+40.412CO 2 =5.5 mass%36.331.628.428.426.224.2Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0082x 2< -0.8747x+49.510.0021x'-0.4638x+42.584CO 2 =7.0 mass%36.731.928.628.626.424.2Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R320.0082x 2< -0.8848x+50.0970.0003x 2< -0.3188x+39.923In ax 2< +bx+c, which is the approximate formula of E-HFO-113 2, approximate formulas of coefficients a, b, and c when w=CO 2 concentrationApproximate formula of coefficient a0.0082-0.0006258w2+0.0066w-0.0153Approximate formula of coefficient b0.0022w 2< -0.0345w-0.75210.0516w 2< -0.5478w+0.9894Approximate formula of coefficient c-0.1307w 2< +2.0247w+42.327-1.074w 2< +11.651w+10.992Approximate formula of E-HFO-1132 when x=R32, w=CO 2 , and 7.0≥w≥4.00.0082x 2< +(0.0022w 2< -0.0345w-0.7521)x+(-0.1307w 2< +2.0247w+42.327)(-0.0006258w 2< +0.0066w-0.0153)x 2< +(0.0516w2-0.5478w+0.9894)x+(-1.074w 2< +11.651w+10.992)R1234yf100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 100-E-HFO-1132-R32-CO 2 (1-6) Various Refrigerants 2

[0177] Hereinafter, the refrigerant 2A to the refrigerant 2E that are each the refrigerant for use in the present disclosure will be described in detail. Refrigerants 2A, 2B, 2D, and 2E do not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but are considered useful for understanding the invention. Refrigerant 2C encompasses a refrigerant according to the invention as defined by independent claim 1.

[0178] The following respective descriptions of the refrigerant 2A, refrigerant 2B, refrigerant 2C, refrigerant 2D and refrigerant 2E are independent, and alphabets representing points and / or line segments, and numbers of Examples and numbers of Comparative Examples are all independent among the refrigerant 2A, refrigerant 2B, refrigerant 2C, refrigerant 2D and refrigerant 2E. For example, Example 1 of the refrigerant 2A and Example 1 of the refrigerant 2B represent respective Examples about embodiments different from each other.(1-6-1) Refrigerant 2A

[0179] As noted above, refrigerant 2A does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention. Examples of the refrigerant 2A include a "refrigerant 2A1" and a "refrigerant 2A2". Hereinafter, the refrigerant 2A1 and the refrigerant 2A2 will be each described. In the present disclosure, the refrigerant 2A1 and the refrigerant 2A2 are each a mixed refrigerant.(1-6-1-1) Refrigerant 2A1

[0180] The refrigerant 2A1 is a mixed refrigerant including HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf as essential components. Hereinafter, HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf are also referred to as "three components", in the present section.

[0181] The total concentration of the three components in the entire refrigerant 2A1 is 99.5 mass% or more. In other words, the refrigerant 2A1 includes 99.5 mass% or more of the three components in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components.

[0182] The mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2A1 is within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through four points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=51.8 / 1.0 / 47.2 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=10.1 / 18.0 / 71.9 mass%) and point D (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=27.8 / 18.0 / 54.2 mass%); in a ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0183] In other words, the mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2A1 is within the range of a region surrounded by a straight line a, a curve b, a straight line c and a curve d that connect four points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=51.8 / 1.0 / 47.2 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=10.1 / 18.0 / 71.9 mass%) and point D (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=27.8 / 18.0 / 54.2 mass%); indicated in a ternary composition diagram of Fig. 2A, with the three components as respective apexes.

[0184] In the present section, the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes means a three-component composition diagram where the three components (HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf) are assumed as respective apexes and the sum of the concentrations of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf is 100 mass%, as represented in Fig. 2A.

[0185] The refrigerant 2A1, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (125 or less), (2) a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or more than those of R404A when used as an alternative refrigerant of R404A, and (3) a flame velocity of 5 cm / s or less as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

[0186] In the present section, the coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or more than that of R404A means that the COP ratio relative to that of R404A is 100% or more (preferably 102% or more, more preferably 103% or more), and the refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A means that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A is 95% or more (preferably 100% or more, more preferably 102 or more, most preferably 103% or more). A sufficiently low GWP means a GWP of 125 or less, preferably 110 or less, more preferably 100 or less, further preferably 75 or less.

[0187] The point A, the point B, the point C and the point D in Fig. 2A are each a point that is represented by a white circle (O) and that has the above coordinates.

[0188] The technical meanings of the points A, B, C and D are as follows. The concentration (mass%) at each of the points is the same as any value determined in Examples described below. A: any mass ratio providing a flame velocity of 5 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 and a concentration (mass%) of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% B: any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 95% C: any mass ratio providing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 95% and a GWP of 125 D: any mass ratio providing a GWP of 125 and a flame velocity of 5 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013

[0189] A "flame velocity of 5 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013" corresponds to any numerical value half the flame velocity (10 cm / s) as a reference for classification as Class 2L (lower flammability) according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, and a refrigerant having such a flame velocity means a relatively safe refrigerant, among refrigerants prescribed in Class 2L. Specifically, a refrigerant having such "any numerical value half the flame velocity (10 cm / s)" is relatively safe in that flame hardly propagates even in the case of ignition by any chance. Hereinafter, such a flame velocity as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is also simply referred to as "flame velocity".

[0190] The flame velocity of the mixed refrigerant of the three components in the refrigerant 2A1 is preferably more than 0 to 4.5 cm / s, more preferably more than 0 to 4 cm / s, further preferably more than 0 to 3.5 cm / s, particularly preferably more than 0 to 3 cm / s.

[0191] Both the points A and B are on the straight line a. That is, a line segment AB is a part of the straight line a. The straight line a is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a concentration of HFC-32 of more than 1 mass% in a region close to the apex HFC-32 with respect to the straight line a in the ternary composition diagram.

[0192] The refrigerating capacity is unexpectedly high in a region close to the apex HFC-32 with respect to the straight line a in the ternary composition diagram.

[0193] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2A, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0194] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% is a part of the straight line a that connects two points of the point A and the point B (line segment AB in Fig. 2A) y = 1.0 z = 100 − x − y 35.3 ≤ x ≤ 51.8

[0195] Both the points B and C are on the curve b. The curve b is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 95%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of more than 95% in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) and the apex HFC-32 with respect to the curve b in the ternary composition diagram.

[0196] The curve b is determined as follows.

[0197] Table 201 represents respective four points where the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A is 95% in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 1.0, 10.1, 20.0 and 35.3. The curve b is indicated by a line that connects the four points, and the curve b is approximated by the expressions in Table 201, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 201]ItemUnitb HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= HFO-1132(E)mass%1.010.120.035.3HFC-32mass%24.818.011.01.0HFO-1234yfmass%74.271.969.063.7Refrigerating capacityrelative to that of R404A (%)95.095.095.095.0x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve by=HFC-32mass%y=0.1603x2-0.7552x+0.2562z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0198] Both the points C and D are on the straight line c. That is, a line segment CD is a part of the straight line c. The straight line c is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 125. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a GWP of less than 125 in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) and the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the straight line c in the ternary composition diagram.

[0199] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2A, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 125 is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0200] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 125 is a part of the straight line c that connects two points of the point C and the point D (line segment CD in Fig. 2A) y = 18.0 z = 100 − x − y 10.1 ≤ x ≤ 27.8

[0201] Both the points A and D are on the curve d. The curve d is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a flame velocity of 5 cm / s. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a flame velocity of less than 5.0 cm / s in a region close to the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the curve d in the ternary composition diagram.

[0202] The curve d is determined as follows.

[0203] Table 202 represents respective four points where WCF lower flammability is exhibited in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 18.0, 30.0, 40.0 and 53.5 mass%. The curve d is indicated by a line that connects the four points, and the curve d is approximated by the expressions in Table 202, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 202]ItemUnitd HFO-1132(E)= d HFO-1132(E)= d HFO-1132(E)= d HFO-1132(E)= HFO-1132(E)mass%18.030.040.053.5HFC-32mass%30.015.57.50.0HFO-1234yfmass%52.054.552.546.5Flame velocitycm / s5.05.05.05.0x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve dy=HFC-32mass%y=1.4211x2- 1.8563x+0.5871z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0204] A ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf has a GWP of 125 or less, a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 95% or more, and a flame velocity of 5 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCD region) surrounded by lines that connect four points of the points A, B, C and D.

[0205] The mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2A1 is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through four points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=51.8 / 1.0 / 47.2 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point E (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=15.2 / 14.3 / 70.5 mass%) and point F (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=31.1 / 14.3 / 54.6 mass%); in a ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0206] In other words, the mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2A1 is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a straight line a, a curve b, a straight line e and a curve d that connect four points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=51.8 / 1.0 / 47.2 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point E (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=15.2 / 14.3 / 70.5 mass%) and point F (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=31.1 / 14.3 / 54.6 mass%); indicated in a ternary composition diagram of Fig. 2A, with the three components as respective apexes.

[0207] The ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes is as described above.

[0208] The point A, the point B, the point E and the point F in Fig. 2A are each a point that is represented by a white circle (O) and that has the above coordinates.

[0209] The technical meanings of the points A and B are as described above.

[0210] The technical meanings of the points E and F are as follows. The concentration (mass%) at each of the points is the same as any value determined in Examples described below. E: any mass ratio providing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 95% and a GWP of 100 F: any mass ratio (GWP=100) providing a GWP of 100 and a flame velocity of 5 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013

[0211] The straight line a and the curve b are as described above. The point E is on the curve b.

[0212] Both the points E and F are on the straight line e. That is, a line segment EF is a part of the straight line e. The straight line e is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 100. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a GWP of less than 100 in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) and the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the straight line e in the ternary composition diagram.

[0213] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2A, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 100 is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0214] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 100 is a part of the straight line e that connects two points of the point E and the point F (line segment EF in Fig. 2A) y = 14.3 z = 100 − x − y 15.2 ≤ x ≤ 31.1

[0215] Both the points A and F are on the curve d. The curve d is as described above.

[0216] A ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf has a GWP of 100 or less, a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 95% or more, and a flame velocity of 5.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABEF region) surrounded by lines that connect four points of the points A, B, E and F.

[0217] The refrigerant 2A1 includes 99.5 mass% or more of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components, and in particular, the total amount of HFO-1 132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 2A1 is preferably 99.7 mass% or more, more preferably 99.8 mass% or more, further preferably 99.9 mass% or more.

[0218] The refrigerant 2A1 can further include other refrigerant, in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf, as long as the above characteristics are not impaired. In such a case, the content rate of such other refrigerant in the entire refrigerant 2A1 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, further preferably 0.2 mass% or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. Such other refrigerant is not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in the art. Such other refrigerant may be included singly or in combinations of two or more kinds thereof in the refrigerant 2A1.

[0219] The refrigerant 2A1 particularly preferably consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf. In other words, the refrigerant 2A1 particularly preferably includes HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf at a total concentration of 100 mass% in the entire refrigerant A1.

[0220] In a case where the refrigerant 2A1 consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf, the mass ratio of the three components is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through four points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=51.8 / 1.0 / 47.2 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=10.1 / 18.0 / 71.9 mass%) and point D (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=27.8 / 18.0 / 54.2 mass%); in the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0221] The technical meanings of the points A, B, C and D are as described above. The region surrounded by a figure passing through four points of the points A, B, C and D is as described above.

[0222] In such a case, a ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf has a GWP of 125 or less, a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 95% or more, and a flame velocity of 5.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCD region) surrounded by lines that connect four points of the points A, B, C and D.

[0223] In a case where the refrigerant 2A1 consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf, the mass ratio of the three components is more preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through four points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=51.8 / 1.0 / 47.2 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point E (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=15.2 / 14.3 / 70.5 mass%) and point F (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=31.1 / 14.3 / 54.6 mass%); in the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0224] The technical meanings of the points A, B, E and F are as described above. The region surrounded by a figure passing through four points of the points A, B, E and F is as described above.

[0225] In such a case, a ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf has a GWP of 100 or less, a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 95% or more, and a flame velocity of 5.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABEF region) surrounded by lines that connect four points of the points A, B, E and F.

[0226] The refrigerant 2A1 has a GWP of 125 or less, and thus can remarkably suppress the environmental load from the viewpoint of global warming as compared with other general-purpose refrigerants.(1-6-1-2) Refrigerant 2A2

[0227] The refrigerant 2A2 is a mixed refrigerant including HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf as essential components. Hereinafter, HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf are also referred to as "three components", in the present section.

[0228] The total concentration of the three components in the entire refrigerant 2A2 is 99.5 mass% or more. In other words, the refrigerant 2A2 includes 99.5 mass% or more of the three components in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components.

[0229] A composition in which the mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2A2 is within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points: point P (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=45.6 / 1.0 / 53.4 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point Q (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 24.8 / 74.2 mass%), point R (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 29.2 / 69.8 mass%) and point S (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=6.5 / 29.2 / 64.3 mass%); in a ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0230] In other words, the mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2A2 is within the range of a region surrounded by a straight line p, a curve q, a straight line r, a straight line s and a curve t that connect five points: point P (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=45.6 / 1.0 / 53.4 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point Q (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 24.8 / 74.2 mass%), point R (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 29.2 / 69.8 mass%) and point S (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=6.5 / 29.2 / 64.3 mass%); indicated in a ternary composition diagram of Fig. 2B, with the three components as respective apexes.

[0231] In the present section, the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes means a three-component composition diagram where the three components (HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf) are assumed as respective apexes and the sum of the concentrations of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf is 100 mass%, as represented in Fig. 2B.

[0232] The refrigerant 2A2, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (200 or less), (2) a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or more than those of R404A when used as an alternative refrigerant of R404A, and (3) a pressure at 40°C of 1.85 MPa or less.

[0233] In the present section, the coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or more than that of R404A means that the COP ratio relative to that of R404A is 100% or more (preferably 102% or more, more preferably 103% or more). The refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A means that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A is 95% or more (preferably 100% or more, more preferably 102 or more, most preferably 103% or more). A sufficiently low GWP means a GWP of 200 or less, preferably 150 or less, more preferably 125 or less, further preferably 100 or less.

[0234] The point P, the point B, the point Q, the point R and the point S in Fig. 2 are each a point that is represented by a white circle (O) and that has the above coordinates.

[0235] The technical meanings of the point P, the point B, the point Q, the point R and the point S are as follows. The concentration (mass%) at each of the points is the same as any value determined in Examples described below. P: any mass ratio providing a pressure at 40°C of 1.85 MPa and a concentration (mass%) of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% B: any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 95% Q: any mass ratio providing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 95% and a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% R: any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% and a GWP of 200 S: any mass ratio providing a GWP of 200 and a pressure at 40°C of 1.85 MPa

[0236] Such "any mass ratio providing a pressure at 40°C of 1.85 MPa" means any mass ratio providing a saturation pressure at a temperature of 40(°C) of 1.85 MPa.

[0237] In a case where the mixed refrigerant of the three components in the refrigerant 2A2 has a saturation pressure at 40°C of more than 1.85 MPa, there is a need for the change in design from a refrigerating apparatus for R404A. The mixed refrigerant of the three components preferably has a saturation pressure at 40°C of 1.50 to 1.85 MPa, more preferably 1.60 to 1.85 MPa, further preferably 1.70 to 1.85 MPa, particularly preferably 1.75 to 1.85 MPa.

[0238] Both the points P and B are on the straight line p. That is, a line segment PB is a part of the straight line p. The straight line p is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a concentration of HFC-32 of more than 1.0 mass% in a region close to the apex HFC-32 with respect to the straight line p in the ternary composition diagram. The refrigerating capacity is unexpectedly high in a region close to the apex HFC-32 with respect to the straight line p in the ternary composition diagram.

[0239] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2B, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0240] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFC-32 of 1.0 mass% is a part of the straight line p that connects two points of the point P and the point B (line segment PB in Fig. 2B) y = 1.0 z = 100 − x − y 35.3 ≤ x ≤ 45.6

[0241] Both the points B and Q are on the curve q. The curve q is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 95%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of more than 95% in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) and the apex HFC-32 with respect to the curve q in the ternary composition diagram.

[0242] The curve q is determined as follows.

[0243] Table 203 represents respective four points where the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A is 95% in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 1.0, 10.1, 20.0 and 35.3. The curve q is indicated by a line that connects the four points, and the curve q is approximated by the expressions in Table 203, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 203]ItemUnitq HFO-1132(E)= q HFO-1132(E)= q HFO-1132(E)= q HFO-1132(E= HFO-1132(E)mass%1.010.120.035.3HFC-32mass%24.818.011.01.0HFO-1234yfmass%74.271.969.063.7Refrigerating capacityrelative to that of R404A (%)95959595x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve qy=HFC-32mass%y=0.1603x2-0.7552x+0.2562z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0244] Both the points Q and R are on the straight line r. That is, a line segment QR is a part of the straight line r. The straight line r is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a concentration of HFO-1132(E) of more than 1.0 mass% in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) with respect to the straight line r in the ternary composition diagram. The refrigerating capacity is unexpectedly high in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) with respect to the straight line r in the ternary composition diagram.

[0245] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2B, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0246] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% is a part of the straight line r that connects two points of the point Q and the point R (line segment QR in Fig. 2B) x = 1.0 z = 100 − x − y 24.8 ≤ y ≤ 29.2

[0247] Both the points R and S are on the straight line s. That is, a line segment RS is a part of the straight line s. The straight line s is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 200. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a GWP of less than 200 in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) and the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the straight line s in the ternary composition diagram.

[0248] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2B, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 200 is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0249] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a GWP of 200 is a part of the straight line s that connects two points of the point R and the point S (line segment RS in Fig. 2B) y = 29.2 z = 100 − x − y 1.0 ≤ x ≤ 6.5

[0250] Both the points P and S are on the curve t. The curve t is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a pressure at 40°C of 1.85 MPa. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a pressure at 40°C of less than 1.85 MPa in a region close to the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the curve t in the ternary composition diagram.

[0251] The curve t is determined as follows.

[0252] Table 204 represents respective four points where the pressure at 40°C is 1.85 MPa in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 5.95, 18.00, 32.35 and 47.80. The curve t is indicated by a line that connects the four points, and the curve t is approximated by the expressions in Table 204, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFC-32 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 204]ItemUnitt HFO-1132(E)= t HFO-1132(E)= t HFO-1132(E)= t HFO-1132(E)= HFO-1132(E)mass%5.617.030.745.6HFC-32mass%30.020.010.01.0HFO-1234yfmass%64.463.059.353.4Pressure at 40°CMpa1.8501.8501.8501.850x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve ty=HFC-32mass%y=0.5016x2- 0.9805 x+0.3530z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0253] A ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf has a GWP of 200 or less, a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 95% or more, and a pressure at 40°C of 1.85 MPa or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (PBQRS region) surrounded by lines that connect five points of the points P, B, Q, R and S.

[0254] The refrigerant 2A2 includes 99.5 mass% or more of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components, and in particular, the total amount of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 2A2 is preferably 99.7 mass% or more, more preferably 99.8 mass% or more, further preferably 99.9 mass% or more.

[0255] The refrigerant 2A2 can further include other refrigerant, in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf, as long as the above characteristics are not impaired. In such a case, the content rate of such other refrigerant in the entire refrigerant 2A2 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, further preferably 0.2 mass% or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. Such other refrigerant is not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in the art. Such other refrigerant may be included singly or in combinations of two or more kinds thereof in the refrigerant 2A2.

[0256] The refrigerant 2A2 particularly preferably consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf. In other words, the refrigerant 2A2 particularly preferably includes HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf at a total concentration of 100 mass% in the entire refrigerant 2A2.

[0257] In a case where the refrigerant 2A2 consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf, the mass ratio of the three components is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points: point P (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=45.6 / 1.0 / 53.4 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=35.3 / 1.0 / 63.7 mass%), point Q (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 24.8 / 74.2 mass%), point R (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 29.2 / 69.8 mass%) and point S (HFO-1132(E) / HFC-32 / HFO-1234yf=6.5 / 29.2 / 64.3 mass%); in the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0258] The technical meanings of the point P, the point B, the point Q, the point R and the point S are as described above. The region surrounded by a figure passing through five points of the point P, the point B, the point Q, the point R and the point S is as described above.

[0259] In such a case, a ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf has a GWP of 300 or less, a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 95% or more, and a pressure at 40°C of 1.85 MPa, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (PBQRS region) surrounded by lines that connect five points of the points P, B, Q, R and S.

[0260] The refrigerant 2A2 has a GWP of 200 or less, and thus can remarkably suppress the environmental load from the viewpoint of global warming as compared with other general-purpose refrigerants.[Examples of refrigerant 2A]

[0261] Hereinafter, the refrigerant 2A will be described with reference to Examples in more detail. It is noted that the present disclosure is not limited to such Examples.Test Example 1

[0262] The GWP of each mixed refrigerant represented in Examples 1-1 to 1-11, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-6 and Reference Example 1-1 (R404A) was evaluated based on the value in the fourth report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

[0263] The COP, the refrigerating capacity and the saturation pressure at 40°C of such each mixed refrigerant were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculation with respect to such each mixed refrigerant under the following conditions by using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0). Evaporating temperature-40°CCondensation temperature40°CSuperheating temperature20 KSubcooling temperature0 KCompressor efficiency70%

[0264] The results in Test Example 1 are shown in Table 205 and Table 206. Tables 205 and 206 show Examples and Comparative Examples of the refrigerant 2A1 of the present disclosure. In Tables 205 and 206, the "COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)" and the "Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)" each represent the proportion (%) relative to that of R404A. In Tables 205 and 206, the "saturation pressure (40°C)" represents the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C.

[0265] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined according to the following expression. COP = Refrigerating capacity or heating capacity / Power consumption

[0266] The flammability of such each mixed refrigerant was determined by defining the mixed composition of such each mixed refrigerant as the WCF concentration, and measuring the flame velocity according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

[0267] The flame velocity test was performed as follows. First, the mixed refrigerant used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and degassing was made by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping and thawing until no trace of air was observed on a vacuum gauge. The flame velocity was measured by a closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between electrodes at the center of a sample cell. The duration of discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of any flame was visualized using a schlieren photograph. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light-transmitting acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as a light source. A schlieren image of any flame was recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps, and stored in a PC. Any case where the flame velocity was unmeasurable (0 cm / s) was rated as "NA (non-flammability)".

[0268] The flammable range of the mixed refrigerant was measured by using a measurement apparatus (see Fig. 1T) based on ASTM E681-09. Specifically, a spherical glass flask having an internal volume of 12 L was used so that the state of flame could be visually observed, and recorded and imaged, and the glass flask was set so that any gas was released through a lid at the top when an excess pressure was generated due to flame. The ignition method was made by generating ignition due to discharge from an electrode held at a height of 1 / 3 from the bottom.<Test conditions>

[0269] Test container: spherical container of 280 mm in diameter (internal volume: 12 L) Test temperature: 60°C±3°C Pressure: 101.3 kPa±0.7 kPa Water content: 0.0088 g±0.0005 g per gram of dry air (water content at a relative humidity of 50% at 23°C) Mixing ratio of refrigerant composition / air: ±0.2 vol.% by 1 vol.% Mixing of refrigerant composition: ±0. 1 mass% Ignition method: AC discharge, voltage 15 kV, current 30 mA, neon transformer Electrode interval: 6.4 mm (1 / 4 inches) Spark: 0.4 seconds±0.05 seconds Criteria for determination: A case where any flame was spread at more than 90 degrees around the ignition point: flame propagation (flammability) A case where any flame was spread at 90 degrees or less around the ignition point: no flame propagation (non-flammability) [Table 205] ItemUnitReference Example 1-1 (R404A)Comparativ e Example 1-1Comparativ e Example 1-2Comparativ e Example 1-3Comparativ e Example 1-4Comparativ e Example 1-5Comparativ e Example 1-6Exampl e 1-1Exampl e 1-2Exampl e 1-3Exampl e 1-4Exampl e 1-5Compositio n proportionsHFO-1132(E )mass %0%40.0%30.0%20.0%10.0%10.0%14.0%43.0%35.0%30.0%24.0%20.0%HFC-32mass %0%10.0%20.0%10.0%10.0%30.0%21.0%2.0%7.0%10.0%14.0%15.0%HFO-1234yfmass %0%50.0%50.0%70.0%80.0%60.0%65.0%55.0%58.0%60.0%62.0%65.0%HFC-125mass %44.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass %52.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass %4.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-3922741407272206146205373100106COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100105.2105.8106.1106.6107.5106.8105.1105.4105.6106.0106.3Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100116.0121.493.381.3113.9104.6105.3105.3104.8104.8101.8Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8221.9822.0441.6841.5131.9221.8211.8391.8451.8391.8361.795Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammability )5.75.82.82.23.83.54.14.03.94.13.5 Table 206] ItemUnitReference Example 1-1 (R404A)Exampl e 1-6Exampl e 1-7Exampl e 1-8Exampl e 1-9Example 1-10Example 1-11ABCDEFComposition proportionsHFO-1132(E)mass%0%51.8%35.3%10.1%27.8%15.2%31.1%HFC-32mass%0%1.0%1.0%18.0%18.0%14.3%14.3%HFO-1234yfmass%0%47.2%63.7%71.9%54.2%70.5%54.6%HFC-125mass%44.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass%52.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass%4.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-39221413125125100100COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100105.0105.3107.0105.9106.5105.7Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100113.095.095.0115.795.0113.4Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8221.9331.7011.6961.9741.7021.948Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammability)5.02.53.05.03.05.0 Test Example 2

[0270] The GWP of each mixed refrigerant represented in Examples 2-1 to 2-11, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5 and Reference Example 2-1 (R404A) was evaluated based on the value in the fourth report of IPCC.

[0271] The COP, the refrigerating capacity and the saturation pressure at 40°C of such each mixed refrigerant were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculation with respect to such each mixed refrigerant under the following conditions by using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0). Evaporating temperature-40°CCondensation temperature40°CSuperheating temperature20 KSubcooling temperature0 KCompressor efficiency70%

[0272] The results in Test Example 2 are shown in Tables 207 and 208. Tables 207 and 208 show Examples and Comparative Examples of the refrigerant 2A2 of the present disclosure. In Tables 207 and 208, the meaning of each of the terms is the same as in Test Example 1.

[0273] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined according to the following expression. COP = Refrigerating capacity or heating capacity / Power consumption

[0274] The flammability of such each mixed refrigerant was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The flame velocity test was performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1.

[0275] The flammable range of the mixed refrigerant was measured by using a measurement apparatus (see Fig. 1T) based on ASTM E681-09, with the same method and test conditions as in Test Example 1. [Table 207]ItemUnitReference Example 2-1 (R404A)Comparati ve Example 2-1Comparati ve Example 2-2Comparati ve Example 2-3Comparati ve Example 2-4Comparati ve Example 2-5Example 2-1Example 2-2Example 2-3Example 2-4Example 2-5Example 2-6Compositio n proportionsHFO-1132(E)mass%0%40.0%30.0%20.0%10.0%10.0%43.0%35.0%30.0%24.0%14.0%20.0%HFC-32mass%0%10.0%20.0%10.0%10.0%30.0%2.0%7.0%10.0%14.0%21.0%15.0%HFO-1234yfmass%0%50.0%50.0%70.0%80.0%60.0%55.0%58.0%60.0%62.0%65.0%65.0%HFC-125mass%44.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass%52.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass%4.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-3922741407272206205373100146106COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100105.2105.8106.1106.6107.5105.1105.4105.6106.0106.8106.3Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100116.0121.493.381.3113.9105.3105.3104.8104.8104.6101.8Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8221.9822.0441.6841.5131.9221.8391.8451.8391.8361.8211.795Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammabili ty)5.75.82.82.23.84.14.03.94.13.53.5 [Table 208] ItemUnitReference Example 2-1 (R404A)Example 2-7Example 2-8Example 2-9Example 2-10Example 2-11PBQRSComposition proportionsHFO-1132(E)mass%0%45.6%35.3%1.0%1.0%6.5%HFC-32mass%0%1.0%1.0%24.8%29.2%29.2%HFO-1234yfmass%0%53.4%63.7%74.2%69.8%64.3%HFC-125mass%44.0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass%52.0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass%4.0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-39221413170200200COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100105.1105.3108.0108.2107.7Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100106.495.095.0101.8108.5Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8221.8501.7011.6741.7571.850Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammability )4.32.52.72.93.4 (1-6-2) Refrigerant 2B

[0276] The refrigerant 2B is a mixed refrigerant including HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf as essential components. Hereinafter, HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf are also referred to as "three components", in the present section. As noted above, refrigerant 2B does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0277] The total concentration of the three components in the entire refrigerant 2B is 99.5 mass% or more. In other words, the refrigerant 2B includes 99.5 mass% or more of the three components in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components.

[0278] The mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2B is within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point D (HFO-I132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 57.0 / 42.0 mass%) and point E (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 24.1 / 33.4 mass%); in a ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0279] In other words, the mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2B is within the range of a region surrounded by a straight line a, a curve b, a straight line c, a curve d and a straight line e that connect five points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point D (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 57.0 / 42.0 mass%) and point E (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 24.1 / 33.4 mass%); indicated in a ternary composition diagram of Fig. 2C, with the three components as respective apexes.

[0280] In the present section, the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes means a three-component composition diagram where the three components (HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf) are assumed as respective apexes and the sum of the concentrations of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf is 100 mass%, as represented in Fig. 2C.

[0281] The refrigerant 2B, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (125 or less), (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A when used as an alternative refrigerant of R404A, (3) a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or more than that of R404A, and (4) a flame velocity of 5 cm / s or less as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

[0282] In the present disclosure, the coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or more than that of R404A means that the COP ratio relative to that of R404A is 100% or more (preferably 101% or more, more preferably 102% or more, particularly preferably 103% or more).

[0283] In the present disclosure, the refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A means that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A is 85% or more (preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, further preferably 100% or more, particularly preferably 102% or more).

[0284] In the present disclosure, a sufficiently low GWP means a GWP of 125 or less, preferably 110 or less, more preferably 100 or less, particularly preferably 75 or less.

[0285] The point A, the point B, the point C, the point D and the point E in Fig. 2C are each a point that is represented by a white circle (○) and that has the above coordinates.

[0286] The technical meanings of the points A, B, C, D and E are as follows. The concentration (mass%) at each of the points is the same as any value determined in Examples described below. A: any mass ratio providing a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 and a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1123 of 1.0 mass% B: any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1123 of 1.0 mass% and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 85% C: any mass ratio providing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 85% and a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% D: any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% and a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.25 MPa E: any mass ratio providing a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.25 MPa and a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013

[0287] A "flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013" corresponds to any numerical value less than half the flame velocity (10 cm / s) as a reference for classification as Class 2L (lower flammability) according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, and a refrigerant having such a flame velocity means a relatively safe refrigerant, among refrigerants prescribed in Class 2L.

[0288] Specifically, a refrigerant having such "any numerical value less than the half the flame velocity (10 cm / s)" is relatively safe in that flame hardly propagates even in the case of ignition by any chance. Hereinafter, such a flame velocity as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is also simply referred to as "flame velocity".

[0289] The flame velocity of the mixed refrigerant of the three components in the refrigerant 2B is preferably more than 0 and 2.5 cm / s or less, more preferably more than 0 and 2.0 cm / s or less, further preferably more than 0 and 1.5 cm / s or less.

[0290] Both the points A and B are on the straight line a. That is, a line segment AB is a part of the straight line a. The straight line a is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1123 of 1.0 mass%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a concentration of HFO-1123 of more than 1.0 mass% in a region close to the apex HFO-1123 with respect to the straight line a in the ternary composition diagram.

[0291] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFO-1123 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2C, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration of HFO-1123 of 1.0 mass% is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0292] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1123 of 1.0 mass% is a part of the straight line c that connects of two points of the point A and the point B (line segment AB in Fig. 2C) y = 1.0 z = 100 − x − y 27.1 ≤ x ≤ 42.5

[0293] Both the points B and C are on the curve b. The curve b is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 85%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of more than 85% in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) and the apex HFO-1123 with respect to the curve b in the ternary composition diagram.

[0294] The curve b is determined as follows.

[0295] Table 209 represents respective three points where the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A is 85% in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 1.0, 15.0 and 27.1. The curve b is indicated by a line that connects the three points, and the curve b is approximated by the expressions in Table 209, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFO-1123 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 209]ItemUnitb HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= HFO-1132(E)mass%1.015.027.1HFO-1123mass%30.414.21.0HFO-1234yfmass%68.670.871.9Refrigerating capacityrelative to that of R404A (%)85.085.085.0x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve by=HFC-1123mass%y=0.2538x2-1.1977x+0.3160z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0296] Both the points C and D are on the straight line c. That is, a line segment CD is a part of the straight line c. The straight line c is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a concentration of HFO-1132(E) of more than 1.0 mass% in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) with respect to the straight line c in the ternary composition diagram.

[0297] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFO-1123 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2C, a line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0298] The line segment indicating any ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% is a part of the straight line c that connects of two points of the point C and the point D (line segment CD in Fig. 2C) x = 1.0 z = 100 − x − y 30.4 ≤ y ≤ 57.0

[0299] Both the points D and E are on the curve d. The curve d is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.25 MPa. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a saturation pressure at 40°C of less than 2.25 MPa in a region close to the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the curve d in the ternary composition diagram.

[0300] The curve d is determined as follows.

[0301] Table 210 represents respective three points where the saturation pressure at 40°C is 2.25 MPa in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 1.0, 20.0 and 42.5. The curve d is indicated by a line that connects the three points, and the curve d is approximated by the expressions in Table 210, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFO-1123 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 210]ItemUnitb HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= HFO-1132(E)mass%1.020.042.5HFO-1123mass%57.040.724.1HFO-1234yfmass%42.039.333.4Saturation pressure at 40°CMPa2.252.252.25x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve dy=HFC-1123mass%y=0.2894x2-0.9187x+0.5792z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0302] Both the points A and E are on the straight line e. The straight line e is a straight line indicating any mass ratio providing a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a flame velocity of less than 3.0 cm / s in a region close to the apex HFO-1234yf and the apex HFO-1123 with respect to the straight line e in the ternary composition diagram.

[0303] In a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFO-1123 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively, in Fig. 2C, any mass ratio providing a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s is approximated to a line segment represented by the following expressions.

[0304] The line segment indicating any mass ratio providing a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s is a part of the straight line e that connects of two points of the point A and the point E (line segment AE in Fig. 2C) x = 42.5 z = 100 − x − y 1.0 ≤ y ≤ 24.1

[0305] A ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf has various characteristics of (1) a GWP of 125 or less, (2) a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 85% or more, (3) a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.25 MPa or less, and (4) a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCDE region) surrounded by lines that connect five points of the points A, B, C, D and E.

[0306] The mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2B is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point F (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 52.2 / 46.8 mass%) and point G (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 18.9 / 38.6 mass%); in a ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0307] In other words, the mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2B is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a straight line a, a curve b, a straight line c, a curve f and a straight line e that connect five points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point F (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 52.2 / 46.8 mass%) and point G (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 18.9 / 38.6 mass%); indicated in a ternary composition diagram of Fig. 2C, with the three components as respective apexes.

[0308] The ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes is as described above.

[0309] The point A, the point B, the point C, the point F and the point G in Fig. 2C are each a point that is represented by a white circle (○) and that has the above coordinates.

[0310] The technical meanings of the points A, B and C are as described above.

[0311] The technical meanings of the points F and G are as follows. The concentration (mass%) at each of the points is the same as any value determined in Examples described below. F: any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% and a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa G: any mass ratio providing a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa and a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s as measured according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013

[0312] The straight line a, the curve b, the straight line c and the straight line e are as described above. The Point F is on the straight line c and the point G is on the straight line e.

[0313] Both the points F and G are on the curve f. The curve f is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a saturation pressure at 40°C of less than 2.15 MPa in a region close to the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the curve f in the ternary composition diagram.

[0314] The curve f is determined as follows.

[0315] Table 211 represents respective three points where the saturation pressure at 40°C is 2.25 MPa in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 1.0, 20.0 and 42.5. The curve f is indicated by a line that connects the three points, and the curve f is approximated by the expressions in Table 211, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFO-1123 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 211]ItemUnitb HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= HFO-1132(E)mass%1.020.042.5HFO-1123mass%52.235.718.9HFO-1234yfmass%46.844.338.6Saturation pressure at 40°CMPa2.152.152.15x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve fy=HFC-1123mass%y=0.2934x2-0.9300x+0.5313z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0316] A ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf has various characteristics of (1) a GWP of 125 or less, (2) a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 85% or more, (3) a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa or less, and (4) a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCFG region) surrounded by lines that connect five points of the points A, B, C, F and G.

[0317] The mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2B is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through six points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point H (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 35.2 / 63.8 mass%), point I (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.4 / 29.8 / 42.8 mass%) and point G (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 18.9 / 38.6 mass%); in a ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0318] In other words, the mass ratio of the three components in the refrigerant 2B is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a straight line a, a curve b, a straight line c, a curve g, a curve f and a straight line e that connect six points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point H (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 35.2 / 63.8 mass%), point I (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.4 / 29.8 / 42.8 mass%) and point G (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 18.9 / 38.6 mass%); indicated in a ternary composition diagram of Fig. 2C, with the three components as respective apexes.

[0319] The ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes is as described above.

[0320] The point A, the point B, the point C, the point G, the point H and the point I in Fig. 2C are each a point that is represented by a white circle (○) and that has the above coordinates.

[0321] The technical meanings of the points A, B, C and G are as described above.

[0322] The technical meanings of the points H and I are as follows. The concentration (mass%) at each of the points is the same as any value determined in Examples described below. H: any mass ratio providing a concentration (mass%) of HFO-1132(E) of 1.0 mass% and a COP relative to that of R404A of 100% I: any mass ratio providing a COP relative to that of R404A of 100% and a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa

[0323] The straight line a, the curve b, the straight line c, the straight line e and the curve f are as described above. The point H is on the straight line c and the point I is on the curve f.

[0324] Both the points H and I are on the curve g. The curve g is a curve indicating any mass ratio providing a COP relative to that of R404A of 100%. The mixed refrigerant of the three components has a COP relative to that of R404A of less than 100% in a region close to the apex HFO-1132(E) and the apex HFO-1234yf with respect to the curve g in the ternary composition diagram.

[0325] The curve g is determined as follows.

[0326] Table 212 represents respective three points where the saturation pressure at 40°C is 2.25 MPa in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E) corresponds to 1.0, 20.0 and 42.5. The curve f is indicated by a line that connects the three points, and the curve f is approximated by the expressions in Table 212, according to a least-squares method, in a case where the mass% of HFO-1132(E), the mass% of HFO-1123 and the mass% of HFO-1234yf are represented by x, y and z, respectively. [Table 212]ItemUnitb HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= b HFO-1132(E)= HFO-1132(E)mass%1.020.042.5HFO-1123mass%35.230.928.7HFO-1234yfmass%63.849.128.8COPrelative to that of R404A (%)100.0100.0100.0x=HFO-1132(E)mass%Expressions of curve gy=HFC-1123mass%y=0.3097x2-0.2914x+0.3549z=HFO-1234yfmass%z=100-x-y

[0327] A ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf has various characteristics of (1) a GWP of 125 or less, (2) a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 85% or more, (3) a COP ratio relative to that of R404A of 100% or more, (4) a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa or less, and (5) a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCHIG region) surrounded by lines that connect six points of the points A, B, C, H, I and G.

[0328] The refrigerant 2B includes 99.5 mass% or more of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components, and in particular, the total amount of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 2B is preferably 99.7 mass% or more, more preferably 99.8 mass% or more, further preferably 99.9 mass% or more.

[0329] The refrigerant 2B can further include other refrigerant, in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf, as long as the above characteristics are not impaired. In such a case, the content rate of such other refrigerant in the entire refrigerant 2B is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, further preferably 0.2 mass% or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. Such other refrigerant is not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in the art. Such other refrigerant may be included singly or in combinations of two or more kinds thereof in the refrigerant 2B.

[0330] The refrigerant 2B particularly preferably consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf. In other words, the refrigerant 2B particularly preferably includes HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf at a total concentration of 100 mass% in the entire refrigerant 2B.

[0331] In a case where the refrigerant 2B consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf, the mass ratio of the three components is preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point D (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 57.0 / 42.0 mass%) and point E (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 24.1 / 33.4 mass%); in the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0332] The technical meanings of the points A, B, C, D and E are as described above. The region surrounded by a figure passing through five points of the points A, B, C, D and E is as described above.

[0333] In such a case, a ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf has various characteristics of (1) a GWP of 125 or less, (2) a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 85% or more, (3) a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.25 MPa or less, and (4) a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCDE region) surrounded by lines that connect five points of the points A, B, C, D and E.

[0334] In a case where the refrigerant 2B consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf, the mass ratio of the three components is more preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through five points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point F (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 52.2 / 46.8 mass%) and point G (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 18.9 / 38.6 mass%); in the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0335] The technical meanings of the points A, B, C, F and G are as described above. The region surrounded by a figure passing through five points of the points A, B, C, F and G is as described above.

[0336] In such a case, a ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf has various characteristics of (1) a GWP of 125 or less, (2) a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 85% or more, (3) a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa or less, and (4) a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCFG region) surrounded by lines that connect five points of the points A, B, C, F and G.

[0337] In a case where the refrigerant 2B consists only of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf, the mass ratio of the three components is further preferably within the range of a region surrounded by a figure passing through six points: point A (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 1.0 / 56.5 mass%), point B (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.1 / 1.0 / 71.9 mass%), point C (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 30.4 / 68.6 mass%), point H (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=1.0 / 35.2 / 63.8 mass%), point I (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=27.4 / 29.8 / 42.8 mass%) and point G (HFO-1132(E) / HFO-1123 / HFO-1234yf=42.5 / 18.9 / 38.6 mass%); in the ternary composition diagram with the three components as respective apexes.

[0338] The technical meanings of the points A, B, C, G, H and I are as described above. The region surrounded by a figure passing through six points of the points A, B, C, H, I and G is as described above.

[0339] In such a case, a ternary mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf has various characteristics of (1) a GWP of 125 or less, (2) a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to that of R404A of 85% or more, (3) a COP ratio relative to that of R404A of 100% or more, (4) a saturation pressure at 40°C of 2.15 MPa or less, and (5) a flame velocity of 3.0 cm / s or less, at any mass ratio within the range of a region (ABCHIG region) surrounded by lines that connect six points of the points A, B, C, H, I and G.

[0340] The refrigerant 2B has a GWP of 125 or less, and thus can remarkably suppress the environmental load from the viewpoint of global warming as compared with other general-purpose refrigerants.[Examples of refrigerant 2B]

[0341] Hereinafter, the refrigerant 2B will be described with reference to Examples in more detail. It is noted that the present disclosure is not limited to such Examples.Test Example 1

[0342] The GWP of each mixed refrigerant represented in Examples 1 to 38, Comparative Examples 1 to 9 and Reference Example 1 (R404A) was evaluated based on the value in the fourth report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

[0343] The COP, the refrigerating capacity and the saturation pressure at 40°C of such each mixed refrigerant were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculation with respect to such each mixed refrigerant under the following conditions by using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0). Evaporating temperature-40°CCondensation temperature40°CSuperheating temperature20 KSubcooling temperature0 KCompressor efficiency70%

[0344] The results in Test Example 1 are shown in Tables 213 to 216. In Tables 213 to 216, the "COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)" and the "Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)" each represent the proportion (%) relative to that of R404A. In Tables 213 to 216, the "Saturation pressure (40°C)" represents the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C.

[0345] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined according to the following expression. COP = Refrigerating capacity or heating capacity / Power consumption

[0346] The flammability of such each mixed refrigerant was determined by defining the mixed composition of such each mixed refrigerant as the WCF concentration, and measuring the flame velocity according to ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.

[0347] The flame velocity test was performed as follows. First, the mixed refrigerant used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and degassing was made by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping and thawing until no trace of air was observed on a vacuum gauge. The flame velocity was measured by a closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between electrodes at the center of a sample cell. The duration of discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of any flame was visualized using a schlieren photograph. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light-transmitting acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as a light source. A schlieren image of any flame was recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps, and stored in a PC. Any case where the flame velocity was unmeasurable (0 cm / s) was rated as "NA (non-flammability)".

[0348] The flammable range of the mixed refrigerant was measured by using a measurement apparatus (see Fig. 1T) based on ASTM E681-09. Specifically, a spherical glass flask having an internal volume of 12 L was used so that the state of flame could be visually observed, and recorded and imaged, and the glass flask was set so that any gas was released through a lid at the top when an excess pressure was generated due to flame. The ignition method was made by generating ignition due to discharge from an electrode held at a height of 1 / 3 from the bottom.<Test conditions>

[0349] Test container: spherical container of 280 mm in diameter (internal volume: 12 L) Test temperature: 60°C±3°C Pressure: 101.3 kPa±0.7 kPa Water content: 0.0088 g±0.0005 g per gram of dry air (water content at a relative humidity of 50% at 23°C) Mixing ratio of refrigerant composition / air: ±0.2 vol.% by 1 vol.% Mixing of refrigerant composition: ±0. 1 mass% Ignition method: AC discharge, voltage 15 kV, current 30 mA, neon transformer Electrode interval: 6.4 mm (1 / 4 inches) Spark: 0.4 seconds±0.05 seconds Criteria for determination: A case where any flame was spread at more than 90 degrees around the ignition point: flame propagation (flammability) A case where any flame was spread at 90 degrees or less around the ignition point: no flame propagation (non-flammability) [Table 213] ItemUnitReference Example 1 (R404A)Example 1Example 2Example 3Example 4Example 5Example 6Example 7Example 8Example 9Example 10Example 11Example 12Example 13Example 14Example 15Compositio n proportionsHFO-1132(E )mass %0%40.0%40.0%40.0%35.0%35.0%35.0%35.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%25.0%25.0%25.0%HFO-1123mass %0%5.0%10.0%15.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%20.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%HFO-1234yfmass %0%55.0%50.0%45.0%60.0%55.0%50.0%45.0%65.0%60.0%55.0%50.0%45.0%70.0%65.0%60.0%HFC-125mass %44.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass %52.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass %4.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-3922666666666555555COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0104.3103.4102.4104.4103.5102.5101.6104.6103.6102.7101.7100.8104.7103.8102.8Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0104.0109.7115.598.4104.1109.8115.692.798.3104.0109.7115.686.992.498.0Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8221.8451.9432.0411.7711.8711.9702.0681.6941.7951.8951.9942.0931.6131.7151.816Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammability )2.62.62.62.02.02.02.01.61.61.61.61.61.51.51.5 [Table 214] ItemUnitReference Example 1 (R404A)Example 16Example 17Example 18Example 19Example 20Example 21Example 22Example 23Example 24Example 25Example 26Example 27Example 28Exampl e 29Compositio n proportionsHFO-1132(E )mass %0%25.0%25.0%25.0%20.0%20.0%20.0%20.0%20.0%15.0%15.0%15.0%15.0%30.0%20.0%HFO-1123mass %0%20.0%25.0%30.0%10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%30.0%40.0%HFO-1234yfmass %0%55.0%50.0%45.0%70.0%65.0%60.0%55.0%50.0%70.0%65.0%60.0%55.0%40.0%40.0%HFC-125mass %44.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass %52.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass %4.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-392255555544444454COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0101.9100.9100.0103.9103.0102.1101.1100.2103.2102.3101.3100.499.998.3Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0103.7109.5115.486.492.097.6103.4109.285.891.497.1102.9121.5121.2Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8221.9172.0172.1171.6321.7341.8351.9362.0371.6481.7501.8511.9532.1922.237Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammability )1.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.61.5 [Table 215] ItemUnitReference Example 1 (R404A)Comparativ e Example 1Comparativ e Example 2Comparativ e Example 3Comparativ e Example 4Comparativ e Example 5Comparativ e Example 6Comparativ e Example 7Comparativ e Example 8Comparativ e Example 9Compositio n proportionsHFO-1132(E)mass%0%45%15%0%30%20%10%0%100%0%HFO-1123mass%0%10%10%30%40%45%50%60%0%0%HFO-1234yfmass%0%45%75%70%30%35%40%40%0%100%HFC-125mass%44.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass%52.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass%4.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-39227668887.6104COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0103.3104.1101.098.197.4100.098.6105.4106.2Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0115.380.483.2133.6127.4100.098.8155.352.9Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8222.0121.5451.6752.3872.3362.2712.2922.4121.018Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammability )5.41.51.51.61.51.51.5211.5 [Table 216] ItemUnitReference Example 1 (R404A)Example 30Example 31Example 32Example 33Example 34Example 35Example 36Example 37Example 38ABCDEFGHIComposition proportionsHFO-1132(E)mass%0%42.5%27.1%1.0%1.0%42.5%1.0%42.5%1.0%27.4%HFO-1123mass%0%1.0%1.0%30.4%57.0%24.1%52.2%18.9%35.2%29.8%HFO-1234yfmass%0%56.5%71.9%68.6%42.0%33.4%46.8%38.6%63.8%42.8%HFC-125mass%44.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-143amass%52.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%HFC-134amass%4.0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%GWP-3922766787867COP ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0105.0105.4100.995.9100.896.8101.7100.0100.0Refrigerating capacity ratio (relative to that of R404A)%100.0102.385.085.0116.6128.9110.6122.890.4118.1Saturation pressure (40°C)MPa1.8221,8011,5651.7032.252.252.152.151.8022.15Flame velocitycm / sNA (non-flammability)3.01.71.51.53.01.53.01.51.7 (1-6-3) Refrigerant 2C

[0350] As noted above, refrigerant 2C encompasses a refrigerant according to the invention as defined by independent claim 1.

[0351] Examples of the refrigerant 2C include a "refrigerant 2C1", a "refrigerant 2C2", a "refrigerant 2C3", a "refrigerant 2C3", a "refrigerant 2C4", and a "refrigerant 2C5".

[0352] The refrigerant 2C includes, in one aspect, HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 to 65.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 35.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "refrigerant 2C1". The refrigerant 2C1 does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.(1-6-3-1) Refrigerant 2C1

[0353] The refrigerant 2C1, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP equivalent to or more than that of R404A, and (3) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A.

[0354] The content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 mass% or more based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1, thereby allowing the refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A to be obtained.

[0355] The content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 65.0 mass% or less based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1, thereby enabling the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, in the refrigeration cycle of the refrigerant 2C1, to be kept in a suitable range (in particular, 2.10 Mpa or less).

[0356] The refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A, of the refrigerant 2C1, may be 95% or more, and is preferably 98% or more, more preferably 100% or more, further preferably 101% or more, particularly preferably 102% or more.

[0357] The refrigerant 2C1 has a GWP of 100 or less, and thus can remarkably suppress the environmental load from the viewpoint of global warming as compared with other general-purpose refrigerants.

[0358] The refrigerant 2C1 is preferably high in ratio of the driving force consumed in the refrigeration cycle and the refrigerating capacity (coefficient of performance (COP)), relative to that of R404A, from the viewpoint of energy consumption efficiency, and specifically, the COP relative to that of R404A is preferably 98% or more, more preferably 100% or more, particularly preferably 102% or more.

[0359] Preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 59.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 59.5 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99% or more. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.75 MPa or more and 2.00 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0360] More preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 59.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 2.00 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0361] Further preferably, the content rate of UTO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 55.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 45.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.95 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0362] Particularly preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 53.5 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 46.5 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.94 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0363] Extremely preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 51.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 49.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.90 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0364] Most preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C1. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0365] The refrigerant 2C1 usually has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 2.10 MPa or less, preferably 2.00 MPa or less, more preferably 1.95 MPa or less, further preferably 1.90 MPa or less, particularly preferably 1.88 MPa or less. The refrigerant 2C1, which has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C within such a range, thus can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0366] The refrigerant 2C1 usually has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.70 MPa or more, preferably 1.73 MPa or more, more preferably 1.74 MPa or more, further preferably 1.75 MPa or more, particularly preferably 1.76 MPa or more. The refrigerant 2C1, which has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C within such a range, thus can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0367] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 is used for operating the refrigeration cycle, in the present disclosure, the discharge temperature is preferably 150°C or less, more preferably 140°C or less, further preferably 130°C or less, particularly preferably 120°C or less from the viewpoint that the life of any member of a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A is extended.

[0368] The refrigerant 2C1 is used for operating a refrigeration cycle at an evaporating temperature of -75 to -5°C, and thus, an advantage is that the refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A is obtained.

[0369] In a case where the evaporating temperature is more than -5°C in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used, the compression ratio is less than 2.5 to cause the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle to be deteriorated. In a case where the evaporating temperature is less than -75°C in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used, the evaporating pressure is less than 0.02 MPa to cause suction of the refrigerant into a compressor to be difficult. The compression ratio can be determined by the following expression. Compression ratio = Condensation pressure Mpa / Evaporating pressure Mpa

[0370] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used is preferably -7.5°C or less, more preferably -10°C or less, further preferably -35°C or less.

[0371] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used is preferably -65°C or more, more preferably -60°C or more, further preferably -55°C or more, particularly preferably -50°C or more.

[0372] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used is preferably -65°C or more and -5°C or less, more preferably -60°C or more and -5°C or less, further preferably -55°C or more and -7.5°C or less, particularly preferably -50°C or more and -10°C or less.

[0373] The evaporating pressure in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 0.02 MPa or more, more preferably 0.03 MPa or more, further preferably 0.04 MPa or more, particularly preferably 0.05 MPa or more, from the viewpoint that suction of the refrigerant into a compressor is enhanced.

[0374] The compression ratio in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, further preferably 3.5 or more, particularly preferably 4.0 or more, from the viewpoint that the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle is enhanced. The compression ratio in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C1 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 200 or less, more preferably 150 or less, further preferably 100 or less, particularly preferably 50 or less, from the viewpoint that the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle is enhanced.

[0375] The refrigerant 2C1 may usually include 99.5 mass% or more of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components. In the present disclosure, the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 2C1 is preferably 99.7 mass% or more, more preferably 99.8 mass% or more, further preferably 99.9 mass% or more.

[0376] The refrigerant 2C1 can further include other refrigerant, in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, as long as the above characteristics are not impaired. In such a case, the content rate of such other refrigerant in the entire refrigerant 2C1 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, further preferably 0.2 mass% or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. Such other refrigerant is not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in the art. Such other refrigerant may be included singly or in combinations of two or more kinds thereof in the refrigerant 2C1.

[0377] The refrigerant 2C1 particularly preferably consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In other words, the refrigerant 2C1 particularly preferably includes HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf at a total concentration of 100 mass% in the entire refrigerant 2C1.

[0378] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is usually 35.0 to 65.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is usually 65.0 to 35.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The refrigerant 2C1, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP equivalent to or more than that of R404A, and (3) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A.

[0379] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 59.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 59.5 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99% or more.

[0380] Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.75 MPa or more and 2.00 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0381] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, more preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 59.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 41.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1 132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 2.00 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0382] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, further preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 55.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 45.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1 132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.95 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0383] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, particularly preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 53.5 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 46.5 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.94 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0384] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, extremely preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 51.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 49.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1 132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.90 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0385] In a case where the refrigerant 2C1 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, most preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1 132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more and a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C1 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.(1-6-3-2) Refrigerant 2C2

[0386] Refrigerant 2C2 The refrigerant included in the composition of the present disclosure includes, in one aspect, HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 59.5 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "refrigerant 2C2". The refrigerant 2C2 does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0387] The refrigerant 2C2, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP equivalent to or more than that of R404A, (3) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A, and (4) lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.75 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0388] The content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 40.5 mass% or more based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2, thereby allowing the refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A to be obtained.

[0389] The content rate of HFO-1 132(E) is 49.2 mass% or less based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2, thereby enabling the saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, in the refrigeration cycle of the refrigerant 2C2, to be kept in a suitable range (in particular, 2.10 Mpa or less).

[0390] The refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A, of the refrigerant 2C2, may be 99% or more, and is preferably 100% or more, more preferably 101% or more, further preferably 102% or more, particularly preferably 103% or more.

[0391] The refrigerant 2C2 has a GWP of 100 or less, and thus can remarkably suppress the environmental load from the viewpoint of global warming as compared with other general-purpose refrigerants.

[0392] The refrigerant 2C2 is preferably high in ratio of the driving force consumed in the refrigeration cycle and the refrigerating capacity (coefficient of performance (COP)), relative to that of R404A, from the viewpoint of energy consumption efficiency, and specifically, the COP relative to that of R404A is preferably 98% or more, more preferably 100% or more, further preferably 101% or more, particularly preferably 102% or more.

[0393] Preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0394] More preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 43.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 57.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.78 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0395] Further preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 44.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 56.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.80 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0396] Particularly preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 45.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.81 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0397] Extremely preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 45.0 to 48.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 52.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102.5% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 102.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.81 MPa or more and 1.87 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0398] Most preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 45.0 to 47.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 53.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C2. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102.5% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 102.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.81 MPa or more and 1.85 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0399] The refrigerant 2C2 usually has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 2.10 MPa or less, preferably 2.00 MPa or less, more preferably 1.95 MPa or less, further preferably 1.90 MPa or less, particularly preferably 1.88 MPa or less. The refrigerant 2C2, which has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C within such a range, thus can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0400] The refrigerant 2C2 usually has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.70 MPa or more, preferably 1.73 MPa or more, more preferably 1.74 MPa or more, further preferably 1.75 MPa or more, particularly preferably 1.76 MPa or more. The refrigerant 2C2, which has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C within such a range, thus can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0401] In a case where the refrigerant 2C2 is used for operating the refrigeration cycle, in the present disclosure, the discharge temperature is preferably 150°C or less, more preferably 140°C or less, further preferably 130°C or less, particularly preferably 120°C or less from the viewpoint that the life of any member of a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A is extended.

[0402] The refrigerant 2C2 is preferably used for operating a refrigeration cycle at an evaporating temperature of -75 to 15°C in the present disclosure, from the viewpoint that the refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A is obtained.

[0403] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C2 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 15°C or less, more preferably 5°C or less, further preferably 0°C or less, particularly preferably -5°C or less.

[0404] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C2 of the present disclosure is used is preferably -65°C or more, more preferably -60°C or more, further preferably -55°C or more, particularly preferably -50°C or more.

[0405] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C2 of the present disclosure is used is preferably -65°C or more and 15°C or less, more preferably - 60°C or more and 5°C or less, further preferably -55°C or more and 0°C or less, particularly preferably -50°C or more and -5°C or less.

[0406] The evaporating pressure in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C2 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 0.02 MPa or more, more preferably 0.03 MPa or more, further preferably 0.04 MPa or more, particularly preferably 0.05 MPa or more, from the viewpoint that suction of the refrigerant into a compressor is enhanced.

[0407] The compression ratio in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C2 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, further preferably 3.5 or more, particularly preferably 4.0 or more, from the viewpoint that the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle is enhanced.

[0408] The refrigerant 2C2 may usually include 99.5 mass% or more of HFO- 113 2(E) and HFO-1234yf in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components. In the present disclosure, the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 2C2 is preferably 99.7 mass% or more, more preferably 99.8 mass% or more, further preferably 99.9 mass% or more.

[0409] The refrigerant 2C2 can further include other refrigerant, in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, as long as the above characteristics are not impaired. In such a case, the content rate of such other refrigerant in the entire refrigerant 2C2 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, further preferably 0.2 mass% or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. Such other refrigerant is not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in the art. Such other refrigerant may be included singly or in combinations of two or more kinds thereof in the refrigerant 2C2.

[0410] The refrigerant 2C2 particularly preferably consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In other words, the refrigerant 2C2 particularly preferably includes HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf at a total concentration of 100 mass% in the entire refrigerant 2C2.

[0411] In a case where the refrigerant 2C2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is usually 40.5 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is usually 59.5 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The refrigerant 2C2, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP equivalent to or more than that of R404A, (3) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to or more than that of R404A, and (4) lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.75 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0412] In a case where the refrigerant 2C2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 41.3 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 58.7 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1 132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 99.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard.

[0413] Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.76 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0414] In a case where the refrigerant 2C2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, more preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 43.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 57.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1 132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.78 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0415] In a case where the refrigerant 2C2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, further preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 44.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 56.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 101% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.80 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0416] In a case where the refrigerant 2C2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, particularly preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 45.0 to 49.2 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 50.8 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 102% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.81 MPa or more and 1.88 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.

[0417] In a case where the refrigerant 2C2 consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, extremely preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 45.0 to 48.0 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 55.0 to 52.0 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has various characteristics of a GWP of 100 or less, a COP relative to that of R404A of 102.5% or more, a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R404A of 102.5% or more, and lower flammability (Class 2L) according to ASHRAE Standard. Furthermore, in such a case, the refrigerant 2C2 has a saturation pressure at a saturation temperature of 40°C, of 1.81 MPa or more and 1.87 MPa or less, and can be applied to a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R404A without any significant change in design.(1-6-3-3) Refrigerant 2C3

[0418] The refrigerant included in the composition of the present disclosure includes, in one aspect, HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 39.8 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 60.2 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf. The refrigerant is sometimes referred to as "refrigerant 2C3". The refrigerant 2C3 does not exhibit all features of the refrigerant according to independent claim 1 but is considered useful for understanding the invention.

[0419] The refrigerant 2C3, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP comparable with that of R134a, (3) a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 150% or more, and (4) a discharge temperature of 90°C or less.

[0420] The content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 mass% or more based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3, thereby allowing a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 150% or more to be obtained.

[0421] The content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 39.8 mass% or less based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3, thereby enabling the discharge temperature in the refrigeration cycle of the refrigerant 2C3 to be kept at 90°C or less, and enabling the life of any member of a refrigerating apparatus for R134a to be kept long.

[0422] The refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a, of the refrigerant 2C3, may be 150% or more, and is preferably 151% or more, more preferably 152% or more, further preferably 153% or more, particularly preferably 154% or more.

[0423] The refrigerant 2C3 preferably has a discharge temperature in the refrigeration cycle of 90.0°C or less, more preferably 89.7°C or less, further preferably 89.4°C or less, particularly preferably 89.0°C or less.

[0424] The refrigerant 2C3 has a GWP of 100 or less, and thus can remarkably suppress the environmental load from the viewpoint of global warming as compared with other general-purpose refrigerants.

[0425] The refrigerant 2C3 is preferably high in ratio of the driving force consumed in the refrigeration cycle and the refrigerating capacity (coefficient of performance (COP)), relative to that of R134a, from the viewpoint of energy consumption efficiency, and specifically, the COP relative to that of R134a is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 91% or more, further preferably 91.5% or more, particularly preferably 92% or more.

[0426] The content rate of HFO-1132(E) is usually 31.1 to 39.8 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is usually 68.9 to 60.2 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3.

[0427] The refrigerant 2C3, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP comparable with that of R134a, (3) a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 150% or more, and (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less.

[0428] Preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 31.1 to 37.9 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 68.9 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C3, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP relative to that of R134a of 92% or more, (3) a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 150% or more, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more.

[0429] More preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 32.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 68.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C3, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP relative to that of R134a of 92% or more, (3) a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 151% or more, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more.

[0430] Still more preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 33.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 67.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C3, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP relative to that of R134a of 92% or more, (3) a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 152% or more, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more.

[0431] Further preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 34.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 66.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C3, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP relative to that of R134a of 92% or more, (3) a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 153% or more, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more.

[0432] Particularly preferably, the content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 35.0 to 37.9 mass% and the content rate of HFO-1234yf is 65.0 to 62.1 mass% based on the total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the refrigerant 2C3. In such a case, the refrigerant 2C3, which has such a configuration, thus has various characteristics of (1) a sufficiently low GWP (100 or less), (2) a COP relative to that of R134a of 92% or more, (3) a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 155% or more, (4) a discharge temperature of 90.0°C or less, and (5) a critical temperature of 81°C or more.

[0433] In a case where the refrigerant 2C3 is used for operating the refrigeration cycle, in the present disclosure, the discharge temperature is preferably 90.0°C or less, more preferably 89.7°C or less, further preferably 89.4°C or less, particularly preferably 89.0°C or less, from the viewpoint that the life of any member of a commercially available refrigerating apparatus for R134a is extended.

[0434] In a case where the refrigerant 2C3 is used for operating the refrigeration cycle, in the present disclosure, a process of liquefaction (condensation) of the refrigerant is required in the refrigeration cycle, and thus the critical temperature is required to be remarkably higher than the temperature of cooling water or cooling air for liquefying the refrigerant. The critical temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C3 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 80°C or more, more preferably 81°C or more, further preferably 81.5°C or more, in particular, 82°C or more, from such a viewpoint.

[0435] The refrigerant 2C3 is usually used for operating a refrigeration cycle at an evaporating temperature of -75 to 15°C in the present disclosure, from the viewpoint that a refrigerating capacity relative to that of R134a of 150% or more is obtained.

[0436] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C3 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 15°C or less, more preferably 5°C or less, further preferably 0°C or less, particularly preferably -5°C or less.

[0437] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C3 of the present disclosure is used is preferably -65°C or more, more preferably -60°C or more, further preferably -55°C or more, particularly preferably -50°C or more.

[0438] The evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C3 of the present disclosure is used is preferably -65°C or more and 15°C or less, more preferably - 60°C or more and 5°C or less, further preferably -55°C or more and 0°C or less, particularly preferably -50°C or more and -5°C or less.

[0439] The critical temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant 2C3 of the present disclosure is used is preferably 80°C or more, more preferably 81°C or more, further preferably 81.5°C or more, particularly preferably 82°C or more, from the viewpoint of an enhancement in performance.

[0440] The refrigerant 2C3 may usually include 99.5 mass% or more of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in terms of the sum of the concentrations of these components. In the present disclosure, the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf in the entire refrigerant 2C3 is preferably 99.7 mass% or more, more preferably 99.8 mass% or more, further preferably 99.9 mass% or more.

[0441] The refrigerant 2C3 can further include other refrigerant, in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, as long as the above characteristics are not impaired. In such a case, the content rate of such other refrigerant in the entire refrigerant 2C3 is preferably 0.5 mass% or less, more preferably 0.3 mass% or less, further preferably 0.2 mass% or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mass% or less. Such other refrigerant is not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of known refrigerants widely used in the art. Such other refrigerant may be included singly or in combinations of two or more kinds thereof in the refrigerant 2C3.

[0442] The refrigerant 2C3 particularly preferably consis...

Claims

1. A refrigeration cycle device for a vehicle, comprising: a refrigerant circuit (10) that includes a compressor, a condenser, a decompressor, and an evaporator; and a refrigerant that is sealed in the refrigerant circuit (10) and that contains at least HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, a content rate of HFO-1132(E) is 21.0 to 28.4 mass% and a content rate of HFO-1234yf is 79.0 to 71.6 mass%, based on a total mass of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf, and a content rate of refrigerant other than HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf on the total mass of refrigerant is 0.5 mass % or less.

2. The refrigeration cycle device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant consists only of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1234yf.