MANUAL AIR INTAKE MECHANISM FOR THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A SOLID FUEL BURNER

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a manually controllable, power-free air intake mechanism for the combustion chamber of a solid fuel burner and comprising: a fixed part configured to be immobile coupled to the combustion chamber, and comprising openings of the fixed part composed of: a first opening of the fixed part for admitting a grate air flow, a second opening of the fixed part for admitting a primary air flow, a third opening of the fixed part for admitting a secondary air flow, a fourth opening of the fixed part for admitting a tertiary air flow, a sum of the grate, primary, secondary, and tertiary air flows passing through the openings of the fixed part constituting a totality of a combustion air supply to the combustion chamber, a valve comprising at least one opening of the valve, the valve being positioned against the fixed part, and movable relative to the fixed part over a continuous displacement interval (AE) and comprising successive relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E of the valve relative to the fixed part. State of the art

[0002] Document EP3674607A1 is a patent application that describes an electromechanical air intake device comprising openings allowing the passage of grate, primary, and secondary air flows to a combustion chamber. The electromechanical device comprises a valve and a portion fixed relative to the combustion chamber. The document describes an evolution of the overlaps between the valve openings and the fixed portion, depending on the position of the valve relative to the fixed portion of the combustion air intake mechanism. The device described in document EP3674607A1 requires an electrical power supply to operate. Furthermore, the document does not disclose separate openings for admitting secondary and tertiary air flows.

[0003] Document US1067749582 describes a heating appliance comprising an air intake mechanism configured to modify the distribution of air to supply ducts of the combustion chamber with grate, secondary, and tertiary air. The secondary air inlet duct may comprise a valve. A common duct to which the grate and tertiary air inlet ducts are connected may also comprise a first valve configured to modify an opening of the common duct, and a second valve configured to modify a distribution between the grate and tertiary air flows. The different valves cannot be manually controlled by a user using a single lever.

[0004] Document FR2945105B1 describes a device for controlling the air supply of a stove comprising means for varying the flow of air entering the stove. These means comprise at least one air inlet opening and first closure means mounted to move in rotation relative to each other. These means also comprise means for distributing the combustion air between a primary air circuit and a secondary air circuit which comprise at least one primary opening connected to the primary air circuit and one secondary opening connected to the secondary air circuit, and second and third means for respectively closing the primary and secondary openings. The means make it possible to control the sum of the primary and secondary air flows, as well as the proportion between the primary and secondary air flows.The second and third shut-off means are configured to be actuated simultaneously, but are decoupled from the first shut-off means. The second and third shut-off means and the primary and secondary openings respectively are rotatable relative to each other so that the sum of the flow rates of the primary opening and the secondary opening is constant. This document does not describe four separate openings of the fixed part allowing the supply of different flow rates of grate, primary, secondary, and tertiary air into the combustion chamber. In addition, the adjustment of the air inlets by means of the described mechanism is done through two degrees of freedom. Document US4643165A describes a hearth of a wood-burning stove supplied with primary, secondary, and tertiary combustion air. The primary air enters from the front of the combustion chamber and establishes a combustion flow downward to the fire.Smoke containing particles and gases then rises from the fire to an exhaust flue at the top of the combustion chamber. Secondary air is added to the smoke stream as it rises to burn the particles and gases in the smoke. Tertiary air is then added to the smoke stream to continue the combustion of the smoke. Primary, secondary, and tertiary air intakes enter the firebox through primary, secondary, and tertiary inlets, with the cross-sectional area of ​​the ports being in a ratio of 2 to 1 to 1 to regulate the inward airflow. The secondary and tertiary air intakes are preheated before being added to the combustion stream.WO2019174655A1 describes a solid fuel heater with a three-zone combustion air supply, containing a lower outlet for lower primary air, an upper outlet for upper primary air, an outlet and an inlet for secondary air. Furthermore, it contains a first inlet for lower primary air and a second inlet for upper primary air. A flap is assigned to each inlet. Summary of the invention

[0005] There is a need for an air intake mechanism for a high performance solid fuel burner that is robust and simple to operate while allowing simultaneous adjustment of the different combustion air flows in the burner, i.e., grate, primary, secondary, and tertiary air flows.

[0006] Furthermore, there is a need for such an air intake mechanism for varying a distribution of combustion air flows in the burner in order to: ∘ facilitate rapid ignition of combustion while minimizing fouling of a burner window, ∘ modify the calorific power of the burner while optimizing the heat output, reducing the emissions of polluting particles released by combustion, and minimizing fouling of the window, ∘ prevent the inflow of cold combustion air from an external environment into the burner when the fire is extinguished, in order to avoid heat loss.

[0007] Finally, there is a need for such an air intake mechanism that does not require an electrical supply to operate.

[0008] An object of the invention is to solve this problem by providing a manually controllable air intake mechanism device in which the passage surfaces of the different air intakes vary simultaneously depending on the position of the mechanism chosen by a user. The position of the air intake mechanism, and therefore the passage surfaces of the different air intakes, can for example be modified by means of a simple lever by a user. The evolution of the passage surfaces of the different air intakes depending on the position of the mechanism makes it possible to achieve air distributions promoting ignition, power adjustment, as well as stopping the burner according to the conditions described above.

[0009] The invention is defined by the independent claims. The dependent claims define preferred embodiments.

[0010] According to a first aspect, the invention provides a manually controllable, power-free air intake mechanism for a solid fuel burner comprising a combustion chamber and a window allowing a user located outside the burner to see into the combustion chamber of the burner, the air intake mechanism being configured to distribute an entire supply of combustion air for the combustion chamber of the burner, the entire supply of combustion air for the burner consisting of a grate airflow, a primary airflow, a secondary airflow, and a tertiary airflow for sweeping the window of the burner, the mechanism comprising: a fixed part configured to be fixed immobile relative to the combustion chamber of the burner, and comprising openings of the fixed part composed of: o a first opening of the fixed part to admit the grate air flow, o a second opening of the fixed part to admit the primary air flow, o a third opening of the fixed part to admit the secondary air flow, o a fourth opening of the fixed part to admit the tertiary air flow, a valve comprising at least one opening of the valve, the valve being positioned against the fixed part and movable relative to the fixed part over an interval (AE) of continuous movement and comprising successive relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E of the valve relative to the fixed part.

[0011] The mechanism according to the invention further comprises that, on the interval (AE) of the relative position α: the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the first, second, and third openings of the fixed part is a first function F1, a second function F2, and a third function F3 of the relative position α, respectively, which varies between a first, second, and third maximum overlap value, respectively, equal to M1, M2, and M3, respectively, and a zero value in which the first, second, and third openings of the fixed part are closed by the valve, respectively, the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the fourth opening of the fixed part is a fourth function F4 of the relative position α which varies between a fourth maximum overlap value equal to M4 and a value equal to f4E*M4 in which the fourth opening of the fixed part is at least partially closed by the valve, f4E being between 0 and 0.2.

[0012] The mechanism according to the invention further comprises that the mechanism is configured so that, over the interval (AE) of the relative position α: the first function F1 monotonically changes from the first maximum overlap value M1 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1B*M1 at α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3, the second function F2 monotonically changes from the second maximum overlap value M2 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 at α=B, equal to f2C*M2 at α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 at α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5, the third function F3 monotonically changes from a value equal to f3A*M3 at α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 at α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1, the third function F3 passes monotonically from the value equal to f3B*M3 α=B to the zero value at α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 at α=C and to f3D*M3 at α=D, f3C being between 0.5 and 0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6, the fourth function F4 monotonically changes from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 at α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 at α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 at α=B, to f4C*M4 at α=C, and to f4D*M4 at α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, f4D being between 0.15 and 1. .

[0013] In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention, the valve is movable in rotation relative to the fixed part along an axis of rotation and over a continuous interval (AE) of angular positions α of the valve relative to the fixed part comprising the successive angular positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism preferably comprising a handle attached to the valve and configured to allow modification of the angular position α of the valve by a user.

[0014] In an advantageous and alternative embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention, the valve is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the fixed part along a translation axis and over a continuous interval (AE) of linear positions α of the valve relative to the fixed part comprising the successive linear positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism preferably comprising a handle attached to the valve and configured to allow modification of the linear position α of the valve by the user.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention, the first opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the first opening of the fixed part, the second opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the second opening of the fixed part, the third opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the third opening of the fixed part, the fourth opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the fourth opening of the fixed part.

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention: an angulation BA between the angular positions α=A and α=B is between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 2° and 5°, preferably equal to 2°, angulations CB, DC, and ED respectively between the angular positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 3° and 7°, and preferably equal to 3°.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention: a distance BA between the linear positions α=A and α=B is between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, preferably equal to 20 mm, distances BA, CB, DC, and ED respectively between the linear positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 50 mm, and preferably equal to 40 mm.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention: the first maximum overlap value M1 is between 50 mm 2< and 1000 mm 2< , preferably between 100 mm 2< and 600 mm 2< , preferably between 200 mm 2< and 400 mm 2< , the second maximum overlap value M2 is between 50 mm 2< and 1000 mm 2< , preferably between 100 mm 2< and 600 mm 2< , preferably between 200 mm 2< and 400 mm 2< , the third maximum overlap value M3 is between 150 mm 2< and 2500 mm 2< , preferably between 300 mm 2< and 1200 mm 2< , preferably between 450 mm 2< and 750 mm 2< , the fourth maximum overlap value M4 is between 100 mm 2< and 1600 mm 2< , preferably between 200 mm 2< and 800 mm 2< , preferably between 300 mm 2< and 500 mm 2< .

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention: a ratio F1 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 17% and 27% in α=A, between 0% and 5% in α=B, C, and D, a ratio F2 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 14% and 24% in α=A, between 15% and 25% in α=B, between 21% and 31% in α=C, between 19% and 29% in α=D, a ratio F3 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 20% and 30% in α=A, between 43% and 53% in α=B, between 46% and 56% in α=C, between 48% and 58% in α=D, a ratio F4 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 28% and 38% in α=A, between 27% and 37% in α=B, between 18% and 28% in α=C, between 18% and 28% in α=D.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention, any one of the following conditions is met: f1 B is between 0 and 0.2, preferably between 0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0, the first function F1 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection from the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, f2B is greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.9, preferably equal to 1, f2C is between 0.5 and 0.8, preferably between 0.6 and 0.7, f2D is between 0.2 and 0.4, preferably between 0.3 and 0.4, the second function F2 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection from the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, f3A is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4, f3C is between 0.6 and 0.7, f3D is between 0.3 and 0.5, the third function F3 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection from the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, f4B is between 0.9 and 1, preferably equal to 1, f4C is between 0.5 and 0.9, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8, f4D is between 0.2 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4, f4E is between 0.0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0.1, the fourth function F4 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection from the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE. .

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the air intake mechanism further comprises a positioning mechanism configured to impose preferential relative positions α of the valve, preferably at α = A, B, C, D, E, the positioning mechanism preferably comprising a spring, and the handle preferably being rigidly attached to the valve.

[0022] According to a second aspect, the invention provides a solid fuel burner comprising the air intake mechanism according to the invention, and the combustion chamber of which comprises: a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner to see into the combustion chamber, a hearth comprising at least one grate air intake orifice in fluid communication with the first opening of the fixed part and configured to allow an entry of the grate air flow into the combustion chamber at the level of the underside of the solid fuel stored on the hearth, the at least one grate air intake orifice preferably being included in a grate configured to allow a passage of the ash from the combustion chamber to an ash pan, for example by gravity. a primary air intake orifice in fluid communication with the second opening of the fixed part and configured to allow an entry of the primary air flow into the combustion chamber at a lower part of the solid fuel stored on the hearth,a secondary air intake port in fluid communication with the third opening of the fixed portion and configured to allow entry of the secondary air flow into the combustion chamber at an upper portion of the solid fuel stored on the hearth, the secondary air intake port preferably being included in a rear wall of the combustion chamber, or between the rear wall and an upper wall of the combustion chamber, a tertiary air intake port into the combustion chamber in fluid communication with the fourth opening of the fixed portion and configured to admit the tertiary air flow or window sweep air along and parallel to a surface of the window, the tertiary air intake port into the combustion chamber preferably being located in an upper portion of the combustion chamber. Brief description of the drawings

[0023] These and other aspects of the invention will be explained in more detail by means of the embodiments of the invention described below by way of example(s), with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: there Figure 1 is a graph representing examples of evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the first opening of the fixed part configured to admit a flow of grate air into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve with respect to the fixed part; Figure 2 is a graph representing examples of the evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the second opening of the fixed part configured to admit a flow of primary air into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve with respect to the fixed part; Figure 3is a graph representing examples of the evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the third opening of the fixed part configured to admit a secondary air flow into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve with respect to the fixed part; Figure 4 is a graph representing examples of the evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the fourth opening of the fixed part configured to admit a tertiary air flow into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve with respect to the fixed part; Figure 5 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part as a function of the relative position of the valve with respect to the fixed part; Figure 6represents an example of an air intake mechanism according to the invention, in which the valve is movable in rotation relative to the fixed part; the Figures 7a and 7b represent detailed views of the air intake mechanism flap of the Figure 6 and comprising several valve openings each comprising several orifices allowing passage of combustion air; the Figures 8a and 8b represent detailed views of the fixed part of the air intake mechanism of the Figure 6 and comprising several openings of the fixed part each comprising several orifices allowing passage of combustion air; the Figures 9a to 9e represent different relative positions of the valve with respect to the fixed part in the air intake mechanism of the Figure 6 ; there Figure 10 represents another example of an air intake mechanism according to the invention, in which the valve is movable in translation relative to the fixed part. Figure 11represents a perspective and sectional view of an example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention. Figure 12 represents a sectional view of an example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention. Figure 11 represents a perspective and sectional view of another example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention. Figure 12 represents a sectional view of another example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention. Detailed description of embodiments of the invention

[0024] There Figure 6 represents an example of an air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention configured to supply combustion air to a combustion chamber 200 of a solid fuel burner 300, for example the burner 300 shown in Figures 11 to 14. For example, the burner 300 may be a fireplace, a stove, or a domestic insert for heating a family home. The combustion chamber 200 includes a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner 300 to see into the combustion chamber 200. As shown in Figures 11-14 , the window is preferably vertical, preferably included in a front wall of the combustion chamber, and preferably in a door configured to close an opening 240 of the front wall of the combustion chamber 200. The solid fuel may be wood and / or coal. The mechanism 100 comprises a fixed part 110 relative to the combustion chamber 200, i.e. immobile and preferably attached to the combustion chamber 200, for example through a structure or a frame of the burner 300. The mechanism 100 also comprises a movable part or flap 120 which is movable relative to the fixed part 110. Fixed part

[0025] As shown in the Figure 8a , the fixed part 110 comprises openings of the fixed part consisting of: ∘ a first opening of the fixed part 111 for admitting a flow or stream of grate air into the combustion chamber 200, ∘ a second opening of the fixed part 112 for admitting a flow or stream of primary air into the combustion chamber 200, ∘ a third opening of the fixed part 113 for admitting a flow or stream of secondary air into the combustion chamber 200, ∘ a fourth opening of the fixed part 114 for admitting a flow or stream of tertiary air into the combustion chamber 200. Each of the openings of the fixed part may include one or more orifices.

[0026] The openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 pass through the fixed part 110 and define an area or passage section of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114. As shown in Figure 8b , the openings of the fixed part may each comprise or consist of one or more orifices passing through the fixed part 110. The passage section of the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part corresponds to the sum of the passage areas of the orifices of the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part, respectively. In an example of the fixed part 110 according to the invention shown in Figure 8b, the first opening of the fixed part 111 consists of six orifices 111a, 111b, 111c, 111d, 111e, 111f, the second opening of the fixed part 112 consists of two orifices 112a, 112b, the third opening of the fixed part 113 consists of three orifices 113a, 113b, 113c, and the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 consists of two orifices 114a, 114b.

[0027] The mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured to distribute an entire supply of combustion air for the combustion chamber 200 of the burner 300, i.e., a sum of the grate, primary, secondary, and tertiary air flows passing through the openings of the fixed part constitute the entire supply of combustion air for the combustion chamber 200. The mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured to be in fluid communication with an external environment or atmosphere from which the combustion air is extracted on the one hand, and with the combustion chamber 200 into which the combustion air is admitted on the other hand, for example via pipes, channels or conduits.

[0028] Depending on the desired combustion regime, the distribution or distribution of the air extracted from the external environment between the primary, secondary, and tertiary grate air flows can be modified by more or less closing the first, second, third, and fourth openings 111, 112, 113, 114 of the fixed part, respectively, by means of the valve 120. Flap

[0029] As represented in the Figures 7a and 7b , the valve 120 of an exemplary mechanism 100 according to the invention comprises one or more valve openings 121, 122, 123, 124, each comprising one or more orifices of the valve openings. In an exemplary valve 120 according to the invention as illustrated in Figure 7a and 7b, a first opening of the valve 121 is configured to overlap the first opening of the fixed part 111. The first valve opening 121 comprises several orifices 121a, 121b, 121c, 121d, 121e, 121f of the first valve opening 121, each being configured to overlap one of the orifices 111a, 111b, 111c, 111d, 111e, 111f of the first opening of the fixed part 111. Similarly, a second opening of the valve 122 is configured to overlap the second opening of the fixed part 112. The second valve opening 122 comprises several orifices 122a, 122b of the second valve opening 122, each being configured to overlap one of the orifices 112a, 112b of the second opening of the fixed part 112. A third opening of the valve 123 is configured to overlap the third opening of the fixed part 113.The third valve opening 123 includes a plurality of ports 123a, 123b, 123c of the third valve opening 123, each configured to overlap one of the ports 113a, 113b, 113c of the third opening of the fixed portion 113. A fourth valve opening 124 is configured to overlap the fourth opening of the fixed portion 114. The fourth valve opening 124 includes a plurality of ports 124a, 124b of the fourth valve opening 124, each configured to overlap one of the ports 114a, 114b of the fourth opening of the fixed portion 114.

[0030] As illustrated in Figures 9a-9e, the valve 120 in the mounted position is positioned against the fixed part 110 and movable relative to the fixed part 120 over an interval AE of relative displacement of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part which is between the relative positions α = A and α = E of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110. The interval AE of relative displacement is continuous and comprises the relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E, successively and in order, of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110. Mechanism

[0031] In reference to the Figures 1 to 5, the mechanism 100 according to the invention comprises that, over the interval AE of the relative position α, the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123, 124 and the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 is a first function F1, a second function F2, a third function F3, and a fourth function F4 of the relative position α, respectively. The first function F1, second function F2, third function F3, and fourth function F4 therefore takes as a value a passage area corresponding to a portion of the area or section of the first, second, third, or fourth opening of the fixed part 110, respectively, which is not closed by the valve 120. Over the interval AE: ∘ the first function F1 varies between a first maximum overlap value M1 corresponding to a maximum passage area of ​​the grille air flow, and a zero value in which the first opening 111 of the fixed part is completely blocked by the valve 120 and the grille air flow is zero, ∘ the second function F2 varies between a second maximum overlap value M2 corresponding to a maximum passage area of ​​the primary air flow, and a zero value in which the second opening 112 of the fixed part is completely blocked by the valve 120 and the primary air flow is zero, ∘ the third function F3 varies between a third maximum overlap value M3 corresponding to a maximum passage area of ​​the secondary air flow, and a zero value in which the third opening 113 of the fixed part is completely blocked by the valve 120 and the secondary air flow is zero,∘ the fourth function F4 varies between a fourth maximum overlap value M4 corresponding to a maximum passage area of ​​the tertiary air flow, and a value equal to f4E*M4 in which the fourth opening 114 of the fixed part is at least partially closed by the valve 120 and the tertiary air flow is close to or equal to zero.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment of the mechanism according to the invention, the fourth function F4 varies between the fourth maximum overlap value M4 corresponding to a maximum passage area of ​​the tertiary air flow, and a zero value. Generally speaking, in the invention, a zero value of the fourth function F4 corresponds to the case where the fourth opening 114 of the fixed part is closed, that is to say completely closed, by the valve 120. In certain embodiments of the invention, the mechanism makes it possible to reach the zero value of the fourth function F4, while in other embodiments of the invention, the mechanism according to the invention does not make it possible to reach the zero value of the fourth function F4.

[0033] A modification of the relative position α therefore induces a variation of the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123, 124 and the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 and therefore determines an effective area or section of passage of the air through the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114, respectively, represented by the functions F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively.

[0034] Preferably, the mechanism is configured such that the first maximum overlap value M1 is between 50 mm 2< and 1000 mm 2< , preferably between 100 mm 2< and 600 mm 2< , preferably between 200 mm 2< and 400 mm 2< . Preferably, the second maximum overlap value M2 is between 50 mm 2< and 1000 mm 2< , preferably between 100 mm 2< and 600 mm 2< , preferably between 200 mm 2< and 400 mm 2< . Preferably, the third maximum overlap value M3 is between 150 mm 2< and 2500 mm 2< , preferably between 300 mm 2< and 1200 mm 2< , preferably between 450 mm 2< and 750 mm 2< . Preferably, the fourth maximum overlap value M4 is between 100 mm 2< and 1600 mm 2< , preferably between 200 mm 2< and 800 mm 2< , preferably between 300 mm 2< and 500 mm 2< .

[0035] In a preferred example of an intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, M1 is between 255 mm 2< and 310 mm 2< , M2 is between 219 mm 2< and 267 mm 2< , M3 is between 567 mm 2< and 693 mm 2< , and M4 is between 376 mm 2< and 459 mm 2< . Such a mechanism 100 makes it possible to supply combustion air to the combustion chamber of a burner whose heat output transmitted to its environment is between 5 and 15 kW, preferably between 8 and 12 kW.

[0036] As illustrated in Figures 1-5 , the mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured so that, over the interval AE of the relative position α: ∘ the first function F1 monotonically changes from the first maximum overlap value M1 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1B*M1 at α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3, ∘ the second function F2 monotonically changes from the second maximum overlap value M2 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 at α=B, equal to f2C*M2 at α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 at α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5, ∘ the third function F3 monotonically changes from a value equal to f3A*M3 at α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 in α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1, ∘ the third function F3 passes monotonically from the value equal to f3B*M3 α=B to the zero value in α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 in α=C and to f3D*M3 in α=D, f3C being between 0.5 and 0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6, ∘ the fourth function F4 monotonically changes from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 at α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 at α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 at α=B, to f4C*M4 at α=C, and to f4D*M4 at α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, and f4D being between 0.15 and 1. .

[0037] The valve 120 of the mechanism 100 according to the invention can be movable in rotation relative to the fixed part 110. In the example of mechanism 100 according to the invention shown in Figures 9a-9e, the valve 120 is movable in rotation relative to the fixed part 120 along an axis of rotation 120r and over a continuous interval AE of angular positions α of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110 comprising the successive angular positions α = A, B, C, D, E. In the mechanism 100 according to the invention, an angulation BA, that is to say a difference in angular position separating the angular positions α=A and α=B, is preferably between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 2° and 5°, preferably equal to 2°. Preferably, angles CB, DC, and ED separating the angular positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, respectively, are each between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 3° and 7°, and preferably equal to 3°.

[0038] The valve 120 of the mechanism 100 according to the invention can also be movable in translation relative to the fixed part 110. In the example of the air intake mechanism 100 partially shown in Figure 10, the non-shown valve 120 comprises a single valve opening 121 consisting of a single rectangular-shaped orifice having a width L measured in a direction X, and which extends in a direction Y across all the openings 111, 112, 113, 114 of the fixed part. The non-shown valve extends around the valve opening 121 so that the parts of the openings of the fixed part 110 not overlapped by the valve opening 121 are closed by the valve. The valve 120 is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the fixed part 110 along a translation axis 120t and over a continuous interval AE of linear positions α of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110. The interval AE comprises the successive linear positions α = A, B, C, D, E, which are separated by a distance measured along the direction X which is equal to L.

[0039] The evolution of the effective passage sections of the primary, secondary, and tertiary grid air flows through the openings 111, 112, 113, 114 of the fixed part in the example of mechanism 100 of the Figure 10 is represented at the Figure 5 . In the process of designing the mechanism 100, the person skilled in the art may begin by deriving a graph such as that shown in Figure 5 . For this, the professional can choose the evolution of each of the functions F1, F2, F3, and F4 as a function of the relative position α, within the limits represented by the dotted lines in the Figure 1-4. Preferably, the person skilled in the art will choose the functions F1, F2, F3, F4 in a manner adapted to the burner in which the mechanism 100 will be integrated, and in such a way as to promote one or more performances of the burner such as: maximizing the heat efficiency of the combustion during operation of the burner in full throttle, minimizing a burner ignition time, minimizing pollutant emissions from the combustion, minimizing the soiling of the burner window. In a following step, the person skilled in the art can design an air intake mechanism 100 making it possible to obtain the chosen functions F1, F2, F3, and F4. To do this, he or she can choose the shape of a valve opening 121, and then determine the shape of each of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 which will be overlapped by the valve opening 121.The shape of each of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 can be determined independently of the other openings of the fixed part, which facilitates the design of the mechanism 100.

[0040] In a preferred example of the mechanism 100 according to the invention comprising a valve 120 movable in translation relative to the fixed part 110, a distance BA separating the linear positions α=A and α=B is between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, preferably equal to 20 mm. Preferably, distances BA, CB, DC, and ED respectively separating the linear positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 50 mm, and preferably equal to 40 mm.

[0041] The ratios between the effective passage sections of the openings of the fixed part determine the distribution of the air from the outside atmosphere between the different primary, secondary, and tertiary grille air flows. Preferably, the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured so that: a ratio F1 / F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 17% and 27% in α=A, between 0% and 5% in α=B, C, and D, a ratio F2 / F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 14% and 24% in α=A, between 15% and 25% in α=B, between 21% and 31% in α=C, between 19% and 29% in α=D, a ratio F3 / F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 20% and 30% in α=A, between 43% and 53% in α=B, between 46% and 56% in α=C, between 48% and 58% in α=D, a ratio F4 / F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 28% and 38% in α=A, between 27% and 37% in α=B, between 18% and 28% in α=C, between 18% and 28% in α=D.

[0042] As represented in the Figures 6-8b, the portions of the surfaces of the fixed part 110 and the valve 120 which are or may be in contact following a relative movement of the valve in the mounted position relative to the fixed part are preferably planar. The orifices of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 are preferably included in a plate of the fixed part, or in a portion of the fixed part which is substantially planar. Preferably, the at least one opening of the valve 121, 122, 123, 124 is included in a plate of the valve in contact with the plate of the fixed part. Controller

[0043] The mechanism 100 is manually controllable and does not require a power supply, in particular an electrical supply, to operate, i.e. to modify a relative position α of the valve relative to the fixed part. The mechanism 110 is configured to operate even in the event of a power outage, for example, and preferably configured so that the relative position α does not change in the event of a power outage. For example, the mechanism 100 is not configured to change its relative position α and automatically move towards a safety configuration or relative position in which a supply of combustion air is limited when it ceases to be supplied with electricity.

[0044] The mechanism 100 according to the invention preferably comprises a mechanism for modifying the position of the air intake mechanism by a user, for example a handle, a rotary knob, or a slider. Preferably, the mechanism 100 comprises a lever 130 coupled to the valve 120 and configured to allow a user to modify a relative position α of the valve 120 with respect to the fixed part 110. Preferably, when the valve 120 is rotatable with respect to the fixed part 110, the lever 130 is rigidly attached to the valve 120 and configured to allow a modification of an angular position α of the valve 120 by a user.Preferably, when the valve 120 is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the fixed part 110, the lever 130 is coupled to the valve 120 via a connecting rod-crank system so that the lever can be actuated in rotation by a user to induce a translational movement of the valve relative to the fixed part.

[0045] Preferably, the mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured to allow adjustment of the relative position α by a user by modifying a position of a single mechanical part coupled to the valve, for example a single lever in order to simplify the adjustment of the burner. The adjustment of the four air flows entering the combustion chamber of the burner is therefore easy for a user.

[0046] The air intake mechanism 100 preferably comprises a positioning mechanism configured to impose preferential relative positions α of the valve 120 with respect to the fixed part 110, the preferential relative positions corresponding to α = A, B, D, E, preferably to α = A, B, C, D, E. In other words, the positioning mechanism is configured so that the valve stabilizes preferentially in positions α determined by the positioning mechanism when a user moves the lever to modify the relative position α. ​​Preferably, the positioning mechanism comprises a spring and is configured to generate a restoring force tending to position the valve 120 in each of the relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E with respect to the fixed part 110. Burner

[0047] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a solid fuel burner comprising the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention. The burner 300 comprises the combustion chamber 200, to which combustion air, sometimes referred to as 'combustion air', is supplied from an atmosphere outside the burner and via the air intake mechanism 100. The combustion chamber 200 comprises a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner 300 to see into the combustion chamber 200. Preferably, the burner comprises a door comprising the window and configured to close an opening 240 in the front wall of the burner 300 when the burner is ignited, the door being closed when the burner is ignited in order to prevent fumes from entering a room where the burner is installed. As shown in Figures 11-14, the opening 240 of the front wall allows for example to store solid fuel such as wood on the hearth 210. In order to allow a user to see the flames inside the combustion chamber 200, the window must preferably remain clean when the burner is lit. For this, the combustion chamber 200 comprises a tertiary air intake orifice in the combustion chamber 241 in fluid communication with the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 and configured to admit the tertiary air flow or window sweeping air at the window. Preferably, the tertiary air flow is admitted at an upper part of the window included in the door closing the opening 240 of the front wall of the combustion chamber. The tertiary air intake port in the combustion chamber 241 is preferably adjacent to the glass, and configured so that the tertiary air flow circulates along the glass and sweeps across it.For example, in the device shown in . Figures 11-14, the tertiary air flow is brought from the intake mechanism according to the invention via ducts to the upper level of the vertical window and is admitted in a vertical and downward direction in order to sweep an entire height of the window. This tertiary air flow is admitted into the combustion chamber over an entire width of the window. The tertiary air flow sweeping the window forms a barrier preventing the fumes from the combustion within the combustion chamber from coming into contact with the window, and preventing the soot or tar particles carried in the fumes from settling and dirtying the window. The tertiary air intake orifice in the combustion chamber is preferably located at the upper level of the window and preferably included in an upper part of the combustion chamber.After sweeping the window, the tertiary air flow comes into contact with and mixes at least partially with the gases resulting from the combustion of the solid fuel which rises above the solid fuel stored on the hearth. The tertiary air flow thus helps to fuel the post-combustion within the combustion chamber, the post-combustion or second combustion consisting of burning the solid fuel more completely by supplying oxygen to the combustion of the gases resulting from a first combustion of the solid fuel. The post-combustion generates a gain in the heat efficiency of the combustion and a reduction in pollutant emissions by promoting the more complete combustion of the particles and gases resulting from the first combustion of the solid fuel.

[0048] As represented in the Figures 11-14, the combustion chamber 200 of the burner comprises a hearth 210 located in a lower portion of the combustion chamber 200 and configured to store the solid fuel. The hearth 210 comprises at least one grate air intake orifice 211 in fluid communication with the first opening of the fixed portion 111 and configured to allow an entry of the grate air flow into the combustion chamber 200 from below the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210. The at least one grate air intake orifice is configured to allow ash to be discharged from the combustion chamber to an ash pan, for example by gravity. The at least one grate air intake orifice is preferably included in a grate closing an opening of the hearth and configured to allow ash to be discharged from the combustion chamber to the ash pan.For example, the grate may be made of metal bars, or a metal plate pierced with circular or elongated openings. The grate air flow admitted into the combustion chamber comes directly into contact with the fuel stored on the grate and supplies oxygen for the first combustion of the fuel. The grate air is essential during the ignition phase of the burner 300. During combustion initiation, the heat output released by the combustion is low, and therefore the draft as well, which generates low primary, secondary, and tertiary grate air flows. The quantity of fresh air entering the combustion chamber 200 is therefore low during ignition. Ignition is therefore facilitated by maximizing the grate air flow relative to the other combustion air flows because the grate air flow penetrates directly into the fuel.On the other hand, during ignition, the first combustion releases few particles and incompletely burned gases which constitute the fuels of the second combustion. Therefore, the heat released by the post-combustion is negligible and the supply of fresh air to the post-combustion or second combustion can be reduced.

[0049] As represented in the Figures 11-14, the combustion chamber 200 of the burner comprises at least one primary air intake orifice 221 in fluid communication with the second opening of the fixed part 112, for example by means of conduits or channels passing through the burner 300. The at least one primary air intake orifice 221 is preferably located in the lower part of the combustion chamber 200. The at least one primary air intake orifice is configured to admit the primary air flow into the combustion chamber 200 at a lower part or the base of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210.Preferably, the at least one primary air intake orifice 221 is included in the floor 210 and / or in a portion of a wall of the combustion chamber adjacent to the floor 210, for example a metal plate, so that the primary air flow entering the combustion chamber is directed towards the solid fuel stored on the floor 210, and feeds a first combustion of the solid fuel. Preferably, a distance measured in the vertical direction between the at least one primary air intake orifice 221 and the floor 210 is between 0 and 10 cm, preferably between 0 and 5 cm, preferably between 0 and 3 cm.

[0050] As represented in the Figures 11-14, the combustion chamber 200 of the burner comprises at least one secondary air intake orifice 231 in fluid communication with the third opening of the fixed part 113, preferably through channels or conduits attached to the burner. The secondary air intake orifice 231 is preferably located above an upper portion of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210. The secondary air intake orifice 231 is configured to admit the secondary air flow into the combustion chamber 200 towards the upper portion of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210. The secondary air intake orifice 231 is preferably included in a rear wall 230 of the combustion chamber 200, or between the rear wall 230 and an upper wall 250 of the combustion chamber 200 overhanging the hearth 210.The secondary air flow admitted into the combustion chamber via the secondary air intake port mixes with the gases and particles rising above the solid fuel and constitutes a supply of fresh combustion air for post-combustion within the combustion chamber 200, in the same way as the tertiary air flow.

[0051] In the present context, the use of the terms 'front, 'rear', 'lower', 'upper', 'below', 'above' to characterize the burner 300 refers to the point of view of a user located outside the burner 300 and facing the window, and looking towards the burner installed in the operating position. For example, the front or rear wall is a wall of the combustion chamber which is closest or furthest from the user in the horizontal direction, respectively. For example, an upper or lower part of an element can be defined as being a part of this element located above or below a horizontal plane located at mid-height of this element in a vertical direction, the vertical direction being aligned with the force of gravity at the location where the burner is installed.The use of the terms below and above refers to the position of an element relative to the vertical position when the burner is installed in the operating position.

[0052] In the Figures 11-14 , the dotted arrows represent the grate, primary, secondary, and tertiary airflows entering the combustion chamber.

[0053] In summary, the burner according to the invention is described as a solid fuel burner 300 comprising: a combustion chamber 200 comprising: a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner 300 to see into the combustion chamber 200; a hearth 210 comprising at least one grate air intake orifice 211 configured to allow an entry of a grate air flow into the combustion chamber 200 at the bottom of a solid fuel stored on the hearth 210; a primary air intake orifice 221 configured to allow an entry of a primary air flow into the combustion chamber 200 at a lower portion of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210; a secondary air intake orifice 231 configured to allow an entry of a secondary air flow into the combustion chamber 200 at an upper portion of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210; a tertiary air intake port 241 configured to admit a tertiary air flow to sweep the window along and parallel toa surface of the glass; a manually controllable, power-free air intake mechanism 100 for distributing an entire supply of combustion air for the combustion chamber 200, the mechanism 100 comprising: a fixed portion 110 immovably coupled to the combustion chamber 200 and comprising openings of the fixed portion composed of: ∘ a first opening of the fixed portion 111 for admitting the grate air flow, the first opening of the fixed portion 111 being in fluid communication with the at least one grate air intake port 211; ∘ a second opening of the fixed portion 112 for admitting the primary air flow, the second opening of the fixed portion 112 being in fluid communication with the primary air intake port 221; ∘ a third opening of the fixed part 113 for admitting the secondary air flow, the third opening of the fixed part 113 being in fluid communication withthe secondary air intake orifice 231; ∘ a fourth opening of the fixed part 114 for admitting the tertiary air flow to sweep the window, the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 being in fluid communication with the tertiary air intake orifice 241; a sum of the primary, secondary, and tertiary grate air flows passing through the openings of the fixed part constituting the entire combustion air supply for the combustion chamber 200, a valve 120 comprising at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123, 124, the valve 120 being positioned against the fixed part 110 and movable relative to the fixed part 120 over an interval AE of continuous movement and comprising successive relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110; wherein mechanism, over the interval AE of the relative position α: the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123 and the first,second, and third opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, is a first function F1, a second function F2, and a third function F3, of the relative position α, respectively, which varies between a first, second, and third maximum overlap value, respectively, equal to M1, M2, and M3, respectively, and a zero value in which the first, second, and third opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113 is closed by the valve 120, respectively, the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123, 124 and the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 is a fourth function F4 of the relative position α which varies between a fourth maximum overlap value equal to M4 and a value equal to f4E*M4 at α=E in which the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 is at least partially closed by the valve 120, f4E being between 0.0 and 0.2, and in which the mechanism 100 is configured so that onthe interval AE of the relative position α: the first function F1 passes monotonically from the first maximum overlap value M1 in α=A to the zero value in α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1B*M1 in α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3; the second function F2 passes monotonically from the second maximum overlap value M2 in α=A to the zero value in α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 in α=B, equal to f2C*M2 in α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 in α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5; the third function F3 monotonically passes from a value equal to f3A*M3 at α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 at α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1; the third function F3 monotonically passes from the value equal to f3B*M3 at α=B to the zero value at α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 at α=C and to f3D*M3 at α=D, f3C being between 0.5 and0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6; the fourth function F4 monotonically changes from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 at α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 at α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 at α=B, to f4C*M4 at α=C, and to f4D*M4 at α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, and f4D being between 0.15 and 1.

[0054] In this document, the use of the terms 'solid fuel stored on the hearth' means solid fuel stored on the hearth of the burner in operation, in a position and quantity suitable for normal use of the burner by a person skilled in the art. Combustion air flow distribution

[0055] A degree of opening of the first, second, third, or fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 is defined as the ratio F1 / M1, F2 / M2, F3 / M3, or F4 / M4, respectively. Examples of changes in the degree of opening of the first, second, third, or fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 are shown in solid lines at Figures 1, 2 , 3, 4 , respectively, in which the dotted curves denote the maximum and minimum permissible limits for F1 / M1, F2 / M2, F3 / M3, F4 / M4, respectively.

[0056] In the relative position α=A, the mechanism 100 is configured to facilitate the start of combustion, i.e. the ignition of the burner. In α=A, F1 / M1 and F2 / M2 take a maximum value while F3 / M3 is less than 0.6, in order to promote an air supply at the base rather than at the top of the solid fuel, and to facilitate the initiation of the first combustion. The initiation of combustion in the burner generally generates a greater quantity of smoke comprising incompletely burned particles and tars than during operation in burner mode. In α=A, F4 / M4 is therefore maximum to ensure correct sweeping of the window and avoid soiling it.

[0057] In the relative position α=B, the mechanism 100 is configured to maximize the heat output of the burner while minimizing pollutant emissions. This is achieved by favoring secondary and tertiary air flows over grate air flows which is associated with high pollutant emissions. F3 / M3 and F4 / M4 are therefore maximum and greater than 80%, respectively, in order to promote complete combustion of the gases and particles resulting from the first combustion of the solid fuel. F2 / M2 is also maintained at a high value and greater than 70% in order to provide a sufficient quantity of air to maintain the first combustion of the solid fuel at a high power level.

[0058] The mechanism 100 is configured to allow the calorific power of the burner 300 to be adjusted between a maximum power reached at α=B and a minimum power reached at α=E where the supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber 200 is completely or almost completely interrupted. As illustrated in Figures 1-4 , the air intake mechanism 100 can be positioned in intermediate relative positions α=C and α=D. The grate air flow is maintained at a low level and F1 / M1 is less than 30% between α=B and α=E in order to minimize pollutant emissions, while the primary, secondary, and tertiary air flows are progressively decreased between α=B and α=E in order to progressively decrease the combustion air flow admitted into the combustion chamber 200. Between α=B and α=E, F2 / M2, F3 / M3, and F4 / M4 therefore decrease, as does the heat output released by the combustion within the combustion chamber 200.

[0059] At α=E, the mechanism 100 is configured to completely or almost completely interrupt a supply of combustion air into the combustion chamber 200, so that the burner goes out. The possibility of completely closing the combustion air inlets (corresponding to the case f4E=0) also makes it possible to avoid heat loss linked to a fluid communication allowing air from an external atmosphere where the temperature is lower than in the room in which the burner is installed to arrive in the combustion chamber, even when the burner is off.

[0060] The possibility of almost completely, but not completely, interrupting the supply of combustion air in the combustion chamber (corresponding to the case f4E≠0), makes it possible to improve the safety of combustion. Preferably, the mechanism is configured so that, when positioned in the position corresponding to α=E, the air supply in the combustion chamber is sufficiently low so as to interrupt combustion in the combustion chamber. Preferably, the mechanism is configured so that, when positioned in the position corresponding to α=E, the supply of window sweep air in the combustion chamber allows combustion of unburned gases in the combustion chamber, such as gases resulting from the combustion of incandescent embers without a live flame, for example. Such an air intake mechanism improves the safety of users of the burner. Favorite Variants

[0061] In the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, a value of f1B is preferably between 0 and 0.2, preferably between 0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0. Preferably, a value of f2B is greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.9, preferably equal to 1. Preferably, a value of f2C is between 0.5 and 0.8, preferably between 0.6 and 0.7. Preferably, a value of f2D is between 0.2 and 0.4, preferably between 0.3 and 0.4. Preferably, a value of f3A is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4. Preferably, a value of f3C is between 0.6 and 0.7. Preferably, a value of f3D is between 0.3 and 0.5. Preferably, a value of f4B is between 0.9 and 1, preferably equal to 1. Preferably, a value of f4C is between 0.5 and 0.9, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8. Preferably, a value of f4D is between 0.2 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4.Preferably, a value of f4E is between 0.0 and 0.2, preferably between 0.0 and 0.1.

[0062] In the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, the first function F1 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, preferably on each of the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE. The second function F2 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, preferably on each of the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE. The third function F3 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, preferably on each of the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE.The fourth function F4 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection from the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, preferably over each of the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE.

[0063] In the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, an absolute value of the derivative of each of the functions F1, F2, F3, F4 as a function of the relative position α on the interval AE is: preferably less than 1000 mm 2 < / degree, preferably less than 500 mm 2 < / degree, preferably less than 200 mm 2 < / degree if the valve is movable in rotation at an angle α relative to the fixed part, preferably less than 1000 mm 2 < / mm, preferably less than 500 mm 2 < / mm, preferably less than 200 mm 2 < / mm if the valve is movable in rectilinear translation at a linear position α relative to the fixed part.

Claims

1. A manually operable, non-powered air intake mechanism (100) for a solid fuel burner (300) comprising a combustion chamber (200) and a window allowing a user located outside the burner (300) to view into the combustion chamber (200) of the burner (300), the air intake mechanism being configured to distribute an entire combustion air supply to the combustion chamber (200) of the burner (300), the entire combustion air supply of the burner consisting of a grid air flow, a primary air flow, a secondary air flow, and a tertiary air flow for sweeping the window of the burner, the mechanism (100) comprising: - a stationary portion (110) configured to be immovably attached with respect to the combustion chamber (200) of the burner (300), and comprising openings of the stationary portion composed of: ∘ a first opening in the stationary portion (111) to admit the grid air flow, ∘ a second opening in the stationary portion (112) to admit the primary air flow, ∘ a third opening in the stationary portion (113) to admit the secondary air flow, ∘ a fourth opening in the stationary portion (114) to admit the tertiary air flow, - a valve (120) comprising at least one opening of the valve (121, 122, 123, 124), the valve (120) being positioned against the stationary portion (110) and movable relative to the stationary portion (110) over a range (A-E) of continuous displacement and comprising successive relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E of the valve (120) relative to the stationary portion (110), wherein over the range (A-E) of the relative position α: - the overlap between the at least one valve opening (121, 122, 123) and the first, second, and third opening of the stationary portion (111, 112, 113) is a first function F1,a second function F2, and a third function F3 of the relative position α, respectively, which varies between a first, second, and third maximum overlap value, respectively, equal to M1, M2, and M3, respectively, and a null value wherein the first, second, and third opening of the stationary portion (111, 112, 113) is closed by the valve (120), respectively, - the overlap between the at least one valve opening (124) and the fourth opening of the stationary portion (114) is a fourth function F4 of the relative position α which varies between a fourth maximum overlap value equal to M4 and a value equal to f4E*M4 wherein the fourth opening of the stationary portion (114) is at least partially closed by the valve (120), f4E being between 0 and 0.2, and wherein the mechanism (100) is configured so that over the range (A-E) of the relative position α: - the first function F1 passes monotonically from the first maximum overlap value M1 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1B*M1 at α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3, - the second function F2 passes monotonically from the second maximum overlap value M2 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 at α=B, equal to f2C*M2 at α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 at α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5, - the third function F3 passes monotonically from a value equal to f3A*M3 at α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 at α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1, - the third function F3 passes monotonically from the value equal to f3B*M3 at α=B to the zero value at α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 at α=C and to f3D*M3 at α=D, f3C being between 0.5 and 0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6, - the fourth function F4 passes monotonically from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 at α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 at α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 at α=B, to f4C*M4 at α=C, and to f4D*M4 at α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, f4D being between 0.15 and 1.

2. The air intake mechanism (100) of claim 1, wherein the valve (120) is movable in rotation relative to the stationary portion (110) along an axis of rotation (120r) and over a continuous range (A-E) of angular positions α of the valve (120) relative to the stationary portion (110) comprising successive angular positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism (100) preferably comprising a handle (130) attached to the valve (120) and configured to allow the angular position α of the valve (120) to be modified by a user.

3. The air intake mechanism (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve (120) is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the stationary portion (110) along a translation axis (120t) and over a continuous range (A-E) of linear positions α of the valve (120) relative to the stationary portion (110) comprising the successive linear positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism (100) preferably comprising a handle (130) attached to the valve (120) and configured to allow the linear position α of the valve (120) to be modified by the user.

4. The air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: - the first opening of the stationary portion (111) comprises one or more orifices (111a, 111b, 111c, 111d, 111e, 111f) of the first opening of the stationary portion, - the second opening of the stationary portion (112) comprises one or more orifices (112a, 112b) of the second opening of the stationary portion, - the third opening of the stationary portion (113) comprises one or more orifices (113a, 113b, 113c) of the third opening of the stationary portion, - the fourth opening of the stationary portion (114) comprises one or more orifices (114a, 114b) of the fourth opening of the stationary portion.

5. The air intake mechanism (100) of claim 2, wherein: - an angulation B-A between the angular positions α=A and α=B is between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, more preferably between 2° and 5°, more preferably equal to 2°, - angulations C-B, D-C, and E-D respectively between the angular positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, more preferably between 3° and 7°, and most preferably equal to 3°.

6. The air intake mechanism (100) of claim 3, wherein: - a distance B-A between the linear positions α=A and α=B is between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 50 mm, more preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, more preferably equal to 20 mm, - distances B-A, C-B, D-C, and E-D respectively between the linear positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 70 mm, more preferably between 10 mm and 50 mm, and most preferably equal to 40 mm.

7. The air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: - the first maximum overlap value M1 is between 50 mm2 and 1000 mm2, preferably between 100 mm2 and 600 mm2, more preferably between 200 mm2 and 400 mm2, - the second maximum overlap value M2 is between 50 mm2 and 1000 mm2, preferably between 100 mm2 and 600 mm2, more preferably between 200 mm2 and 400 mm2, - the third maximum overlap value M3 is between 150 mm2 and 2500 mm2, preferably between 300 mm2 and 1200 mm2, more preferably between 450 mm2 and 750 mm2, - the fourth maximum overlap value M4 is between 100 mm2 and 1600 mm2, preferably between 200 mm2 and 800 mm2, more preferably between 300 mm2 and 500 mm2.

8. The air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: - a ratio F1 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is comprised between 17% and 27% at α=A, and between 0% and 5% at α=B, C, and D, - a ratio F2 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is comprised between 14% and 24% at α=A, between 15% and 25% at α=B, between 21% and 31% at α=C, and between 19% and 29% at α=D, - a ratio F3 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is comprised between 20% and 30% at α=A, between 43% and 53% at α=B, between 46% and 56% at α=C, between 48% and 58% at α=D, - a ratio F4 / (F1+F2+F3+F4) is comprised between 28% and 38% at α=A, between 27% and 37% at α=B, between 18% and 28% at α=C, between 18% and 28% at α=D.

9. The air intake mechanism (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein any one of the following conditions is satisfied: - f1B is between 0 and 0.2, preferably between 0 and 0.1, more preferably equal to 0, - the first function F1 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection from the ranges A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, - f2B is greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.9, more preferably equal to 1, - f2C is between 0.5 and 0.8, preferably between 0.6 and 0.7, - f2D is between 0.2 and 0.4, preferably between 0.3 and 0.4, - the second function F2 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any one of the ranges A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, - f3A is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4, - f3C is between 0.6 and 0.7, - f3D is between 0.3 and 0.5, - the third function F3 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection from the ranges A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, - f4B is between 0.9 and 1, preferably 1, - f4C is between 0.5 and 0.9, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8, - f4D is between 0.2 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4, - f4E is between 0.0 and 0.1, preferably 0.1, - the fourth function F4 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection from the ranges A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E.

10. The air intake mechanism (100) according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a positioning mechanism configured to impose preferred relative positions α of the valve (120), preferably at α = A, B, C, D, E, the positioning mechanism preferably comprising a spring, and the handle (130) preferably being rigidly attached to the valve (120).

11. A solid fuel burner (300) comprising the air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, and whose combustion chamber (200) comprises: - a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner (300) to see into the combustion chamber (200), - a hearth (210) comprising at least one grid air intake orifice (211) configured to allow a passage of ash from the combustion chamber towards an ash pan, the at least one grid air intake orifice (211) being in fluid communication with the first opening of the stationary portion (111) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to allow an inlet of the flow of grid air into the combustion chamber (200) at the level of the underside of the solid fuel stored on the hearth (210), - a primary air intake orifice (221) in fluid communication with the second opening of the stationary portion (112) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to allow an inlet of the flow of primary air into the combustion chamber (200) at the level of a lower portion of the solid fuel stored on the hearth (210), - a secondary air intake orifice (231) in fluid communication with the third opening of the stationary portion (113) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to allow an inlet of the secondary air flow into the combustion chamber (200) at the level of an upper portion of the solid fuel stored on the hearth (210), the secondary air intake orifice (231) preferably being comprised in a rear wall (230) of the combustion chamber (200), or between the rear wall (230) and an upper wall (250) of the combustion chamber (200), - a combustion chamber tertiary air intake orifice (241) in fluid communication with the fourth opening of the stationary portion (114) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to admit the tertiary air flow or window sweeping air along and parallel to a surface of the window, the combustion chamber tertiary air intake orifice (241) preferably being located in an upper portion of the combustion chamber (200).