KIT FOR MOUNTING A BALCONY ON A CANOPY

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a kit for mounting a cantilevered balcony. It also relates to the balcony mounted using the kit, as well as a method for mounting the balcony.

[0002] A balcony is a platform projecting from a facade, limited to the outside by a vertical structure forming a guardrail. The balcony is located in a console from the facade. A balcony is said to be attached (or detached) when its frame does not form a monolithic whole in continuity with that of the building. The two frames are juxtaposed and connected to each other by fixing devices.

[0003] As illustrated in the figure 1 , the most common designs of attached balconies are: (a) cantilevered balconies 1a; (b) suspended balconies 1b; (c) supported balconies 1c; (d) self-supporting balconies 1d.

[0004] The rest of the description is devoted to cantilevered balconies.

[0005] Cantilever balconies are directly embedded in the facade. This type of structure consists of a supporting metal frame and point-fixed metal plates on the supporting building.

[0006] There are known cantilevered balconies whose entire structure is made of metal. The disadvantage of these balconies is that the installation costs using scaffolding or a crane represent the greatest financial burden. Indeed, the significant weight of the metal structure requires installation with heavy handling equipment. In addition, this weight limits the balcony's span. Finally, the corrosion problems of such metal balconies make the frequency of maintenance, cleaning, and repainting particularly important.

[0007] It is also known, as described in patent document US 8,776,448 B2, to implement a balcony made of composite materials. However, such a balcony has the disadvantage of being a single-piece structure fixed to the reinforcement of the building slabs, which is not suitable for reinforcement solutions on an existing building. In addition, such a single-piece structure is difficult to assemble by rope access technicians. Document DE 20 2019 107206 U1 discloses the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1.

[0008] The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.

[0009] The invention thus relates to a kit for mounting a cantilevered balcony.

[0010] The mounting kit according to the invention comprises the features of claim 1.

[0011] Thus, the kit structure is made up of lightweight parts that can be handled by rope access technicians working on the façade. The weight savings made to the structure increase the maximum permissible span for the balcony. Finally, the use of composite materials limits the risk of corrosion compared to metals traditionally used in attached balconies.

[0012] The supporting floor may be made of composite material and / or the covering elements of the supporting floor may be made of composite material.

[0013] The kit may further include a guardrail and typically a surface covering intended to cover the load-bearing floor.

[0014] The anchoring elements, the plates intended for fixing load-bearing elements and the plates intended for fixing a guardrail are advantageously made of stainless steel, or of a composite material based on structural fiber such as, for example, carbon fiber, glass, boron, basalt or any other structural fibers making it possible to meet the mechanical specifications while limiting the risks of galvanic corrosion when brought into contact with a composite material containing carbon fibers.

[0015] According to the invention, the load-bearing elements are made of a thermosetting matrix composite material of the epoxy type reinforced with glass and / or carbon fibers, the composite material having a porosity rate in the material less than or equal to 2% and a structural fiber rate by volume between 60 and 70%.

[0016] In a preferred mode, the load-bearing elements are manufactured by pultrusion in order to have a porosity rate in the material less than or equal to 2%. This low porosity rate makes it possible to limit the risk of micro-cracking of the load-bearing elements generated by the freezing and thawing of water after absorption of humidity in the porosities of the material during their exposure to climatic constraints.

[0017] In this same preferred method of manufacturing by pultrusion, the high rate of structural fiber by volume between 60 and 70% also makes it possible to limit the absorption of humidity mainly linked to the absorption of humidity by the matrix containing the structural fibers.

[0018] The composite material of the supporting floor can be chosen from composite materials based on a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix, in particular reinforced with long fibers (>5cm) such as carbon, glass, silica, boron, basalt, aramid fibers or thermoplastic fibers such as PAEK (polyaryletherketones), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide), PEI (polyetherimide), PA (polyamide), PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene) fibers.

[0019] In a preferred mode, the load-bearing floor is made of thermosetting matrix composite material reinforced with glass fibers.

[0020] In a preferred mode, the floors are made by molding two skins of fiberglass-reinforced composite material around a central core.

[0021] In a preferred mode, the central core can be of the honeycomb type, such as the honeycomb marketed under the name Nomex ®< by the company Du Pont de Nemours.

[0022] In a second preferred mode, the central core can be of the structural foam type such as extruded PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) foams.

[0023] The material of the supporting floor covering elements can be chosen from materials that do not present a risk of chemical reaction with the supporting elements, such as stainless steels, composite materials, thermoplastics.

[0024] The load-bearing elements are made of a thermosetting matrix composite material of the epoxy type reinforced with glass and / or carbon fibers, the composite material having a porosity rate in the material less than or equal to 2% and a structural fiber rate by volume between 60 and 70%, the load-bearing floor can be made of a thermosetting matrix composite material reinforced with glass fibers, and the material of the covering elements of the load-bearing floor is chosen from stainless steels, composite materials, thermoplastics.

[0025] The invention also relates to a cantilevered balcony. The balcony according to the invention is obtained by mounting a kit described above.

[0026] The invention also relates to a method for mounting a balcony cantilevered onto a facade. The method according to the invention uses a kit described above.

[0027] The method may include the following steps: forming holes in a facade slab, arranging anchoring elements in the holes, and chemically and / or mechanically fixing said anchoring elements, fixing plates to the slab, fixing load-bearing elements to the plates, fixing guardrail plates to the load-bearing elements, fixing a floor to the load-bearing elements, and installing covering elements around the floor and under the load-bearing elements.

[0028] The process can continue with the installation of a guardrail and the installation of a surface covering on the floor.

[0029] Other advantages and particularities of the present invention will result from the description which follows, given by way of non-limiting example and made with reference to the appended figures: [ Fig. 1 ], already described, is a schematic perspective view of various balconies added, [ Fig. 2 ] illustrates a first stage of construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, [ Fig. 3 ] illustrates a second stage of construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, [ Fig. 4 ] illustrates a third stage of construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, [ Fig. 5 ] illustrates a fourth stage of construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, [ Fig. 6 ] illustrates a fifth stage of construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, [ Fig. 7 ] illustrates a sixth stage of construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, [ Fig. 8 ] illustrates a seventh step in the construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, [ Fig. 9 ] illustrates an eighth step in the construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention, and [ Fig. 10 ] illustrates a ninth stage of construction of a cantilevered balcony according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The remainder of the description is devoted to a method of constructing a cantilevered balcony, which uses a kit according to the invention.

[0031] In a first step, we make 3 holes in a slab 2 of a facade ( figure 2 ). The holes 3 are intended to accommodate threaded rods 4, which are typically made of stainless steel. For example, three groups of four holes 3 are drilled, the holes 3 being able to be distributed in each group at the vertices of a square. On the other side of the facade 2, inside the building, there is a floor 12.

[0032] In a second step, the threaded rods 4 are placed in the holes 3, for example by chemical sealing and / or by mechanical anchoring ( figure 3 ).

[0033] The threaded rods 4 are intended for fixing plates 5 ( figure 4 ). Thermally insulating shims (not shown) can be placed between the facade 2 and the plates 5. The plates are fixing elements for receiving load-bearing elements of the balcony. A plate is in fact an assembly plate placed at the ends of posts or beams, fixed by welding, gluing and / or mechanical anchoring of the screw / nut type, or another means in a plane most often perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the part. Three plates 5 can be used, namely two L-shaped side plates and a T-shaped central plate. The plates 5 are provided with holes for the passage of screws.

[0034] Load-bearing elements such as beams 6 (or side members) are then fixed to the plates 5. The beams 6 can be screwed or glued-screwed to the plates 5. The beams 6 extend longitudinally and horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the vertical facade 2 ( figure 5 ). This step of fixing the beams can be carried out by a rope access technician. In the example shown, three beams are used, including two side beams with a U-shaped profile and a central beam with a double U-shaped profile. However, more beams can be used.

[0035] The beams are advantageously made of a composite material, for example a material based on carbon fibers, possibly mixed with glass fibers. It is also possible to use a material comprising carbon fibers and synthetic fibers (polymer type) and / or polymer layers.

[0036] In a fifth step, illustrated in the figure 6 , plates 7 are then fixed to the beams 6 for the subsequent fixing of the guardrail. The plates 7 can be screwed or glued-screwed onto the beams 6. For example, a plate 7 can be arranged on the outside and at mid-length on each side beam. In addition, plates 7 can be arranged on the free longitudinal end of each beam 6. The same plates as those of the figure 4 , namely two L-shaped side plates and a T-shaped central plate. The plates 7 are provided with holes for the passage of screws.

[0037] The sixth step consists of fixing a floor 8 on the beams 6. The floor 8 may comprise two plates 8a, each plate 8a being horizontally arranged on a side beam and on a part of the central beam ( figure 7 ). The plates 8a can be screwed, glued or screwed-glued onto the beams 6. The floor is advantageously made of a composite material.

[0038] The process continues with the installation of covering elements 9 ( figure 8 ). The covering elements may comprise three vertical covering elements called slab noses 9 which extend vertically, including a central slab nose parallel to the facade and two lateral slab noses perpendicular to the facade. The covering elements may also comprise a lower covering element called the underside which extends horizontally under the balcony.

[0039] A slab nose is a finishing profile that is placed at the end of the slab to provide an aesthetic final finish. A slab nose is a profile that protects the balcony slab while providing a decorative and perfect finish to the balcony.

[0040] The eighth step of the process is a step of installing a guardrail 10 ( figure 9 ). The guardrail, also called a balustrade or railing, is a protective barrier. The guardrail must not generate corrosion. It is advantageously made of composite material.

[0041] The process of assembling the balcony 1 is completed by laying a surface covering 11 on the floor ( figure 10 ). The surface covering can be tiles or polished concrete.

[0042] The invention thus proposes a balcony kit of the cantilever type, attached to an existing structure of a new or old building. The kit structure is made up of lightweight parts that can be handled by rope access technicians working on the facade. The weight savings provided to the structure make it possible to increase the maximum permissible span for the balcony. Finally, the use of composite materials makes it possible to limit the risks of corrosion of the metals traditionally used for attached structures.

Claims

1. Assembly kit for a cantilevered add-on balcony, the kit comprises: • anchoring elements (4), • plates (5) intended for fixing load-bearing elements, • load-bearing elements (6), • plates (7) intended for fixing a guardrail (10), • a load-bearing floor (8), and • covering elements (9) for the load-bearing floor (8), the kit is characterized in that the load-bearing elements (6) are made of composite material with epoxy-type thermosetting matrix reinforced with glass and / or carbon fibers, the composite material having a porosity rate in the material less than or equal to 2% and a structural fiber rate by volume between 60 and 70%.

2. Kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring elements (4) are threaded rods.

3. Kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the load-bearing floor (8) is made of composite material and / or the covering elements (9) of the load-bearing floor (8) are made of composite material.

4. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a guardrail (10) and a surface coating (11) intended to cover the load-bearing floor (8).

5. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the anchoring elements (4), the plates (5) intended for fixing load-bearing elements and the plates (7) intended for fixing a guardrail are made of stainless steel or composite material based on structural fiber.

6. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the composite material of the load-bearing elements (6) is obtained by pultrusion.

7. Kit according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite material of the load-bearing floor (8) is chosen from composite materials based on thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix reinforced with carbon, glass, silica, boron, basalt, aramid fibers or fibers made of PAEK (polyaryletherketone), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide), PEI (polyetherimide), PA (polyamide), PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).

8. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the material of the covering elements (9) of the load-bearing floor (8) is chosen from stainless steels, composite materials, thermoplastics.

9. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the load-bearing floor (8) is made of composite material with thermosetting matrix reinforced with glass fibers, and in that the material of the covering elements (9) of the load-bearing floor (8) is chosen from stainless steels, composite materials, thermoplastics.

10. Cantilevered add-on balcony (1), characterized in that it is obtained by assembly of a kit according to one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Method for assembling a cantilevered add-on balcony (1) on a facade (2), characterized in that it implements a kit according to one of claims 1 to 9.